skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The premise of your argument is that this notation is confusing people, or it's impossible to make explicit what it means. I don't buy it, you even explained the type elision using standard mathematical notaion in your original comment.

So if there is some superior notation that would benefit all of maths, that sounds very interesting but I don't think you've made that point very well. Maybe a better example is needed, because on its own, eliding repetitive information from notation does not seem like a problem.
> I do hope we won't need a negative leap second, that would break a lot of code for sure.

Someone ended up asking on one of the FreeBSD mailing lists, and it seems that they test for it:

* https://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-stable/2020-Nove...

So at least when it comes to the FreeBSD kernel and ntpd, there's nothing to worry about there. Userland code may be a different matter of course.
I wonder if this is possible to write an extension that would allow to allocate a user-defined “data volume budget” to a site when the browser starts to load it, and hard-cut the process after this budget has been exhausted, and render the page using whatever it managed to download.
Dart – Sound Null Safety
Docker can also make use of Windows containers, and that is probably easier when everything is running on top of Hyper-V, as type 1 hypervisor.
Europe Fights Back: GAIA-X federated cloud
If we’re alone in the Universe, should we do anything about it?
Any font that doesn't consider these things is generally not one worth using, to be honest. They are quite literally the bar for consideration.
50 is about the age where you get presbyopia, ie. start to get difficulties focusing details due to loss of lens elasticity, circular muscle weakening, and makula degeneration.
Human aging reversed in ‘holy grail’ study, scientists say
Generate the longest error message in C++
'l' and 'I' is rendered the same way in Simplex. I mean, exactly the same. Also little difference between '0' and 'O'.
I lived in Taiwan and the comparison you are making with masks isn't a very strong one. Wearing masks in Taiwan was normal even before the pandemic.

Scooter travel is the most common form of transportation and it's very normal to wear masks to prevent inhaling pollution. You could find masks all over the place. They sell them at convenience stores, stationary stores, in vending machines at the front of hospitals, etc.

I agree there are a lot of lessons that can be learned from Taiwan's success but I'm not sure it's fair to compare their mask adherence to other nations that didn't already have that embedded in their daily lives.
Windows itself is a different computer, because Hyper-V is a type 1 hypervisor.
I'm sure he is referring to "Vulcan Compute" as analogous to OpenGL compute [shaders].
Author of this work here (and a bit surprised to find this on hacker news).

I don't disagree with your point about probability. However, there are various alternatives to probability which can be more appropriate for certain applications. For instance, with degrees of surprise (or ranks as they are called) you do not need to know exact probabilities, although the price you pay is that the scale is more coarse grained. If you reason about events that are either very probable or very improbable, then degrees of surprise are easier to work with than probabilities.

There's also a computational benefit. Execution of a ranked program is done much like a non-deterministic program where choice points execute "least surprising first". Compare that with the sampling techniques necessary in probabilistic programming that do not even provide exact results.
I agree with you and do consider the default l glyph to be a poor choice, insufficiently distinct from 1. Fortunately, the Code variant of the font goes for a curved tail on l, so that it’s sufficiently distinct.

(However, if you try to enable both the Code and Poly features—Poly meaning “don’t be a true monospace, make characters like l and i a little narrower and characters like m a little wider”—you end up with a slightly narrower flat-bottomed l glyph, rather than a curved tail. See this, for example, in https://chrismorgan.info/blog/make-and-git-diff-test-harness..., which is set in Code + Poly. Disable the `code { font-feature-settings: "ss01" 1, "ss02" }` CSS rule to see the effect of removing Poly—you get the curved tail l glyph back again. I’ve been meaning to sort out a better glyph for the combination, but I haven’t gotten round to it yet, because it’s annoyingly difficult to actually do that sort of thing.)
There's a free monospace serif-looking font called Go (made for Go, the programming language), designed by Bigelow & Holmes: https://blog.golang.org/go-fonts
You raise a good point. The problem with early-stage high risk investments is that investors take a lot of assumptions from the public markets and project them on to private markets where the same rules don't apply.

I have seen many very wealthy investors lose a lot of money on private investments because they haven't understood their share rights relative to other investors. These companies often need to raise further capital at pretty low valuations so they end up being significantly diluted.

However the most important thing is that wealthy investors can afford these losses, other investors much less so. Only after building up significant pension savings and owning a home would I ever advise someone to invest in a higher risk opportunity.
> You can focus your unit tests on the more functional aspects than having to worry about basic property access.

Exactly! unit testing a return type is such a backword step in programming
Pfizer submits Covid vaccine to FDA for approval, to distribute in December
> anyone can download and use it

> You may use the Apple Font solely in conjunction with Apple-branded applications, including, but not limited to, Xcode, Terminal.app and Console.app.

So no, you really can't. Unless you just don't care since it's so good, which is not something that I would condone, obviously, since that would be morally wrong.
Here is the thing, UNIX is the strange dude with advisory file locks, every other multiuser OS does the right thing to avoid file corruption.
I'd suggest New Zealand, Christchurch, great surfing from the city, snow within a few hours in winter and rock and ice climbing reasonably accessible.

Also, Portugal, Lisbon, world class surfing from the city, amazing rock climbing all over Portugal and Spain and Skiing in Northern Spain/Andorra or Southern Spain Sierra Nevada. Not sure about Skiing in Portugal itself.
Now try doing that without a middleman.
When I'm reading the code I need to understand what it does, the underlying characters are just a medium. I can see way quicker that a complex boolean expression is wrong when I see ≠ instead of != and ⪖ instead of >=.

I do agree with the Butterick that when presenting code to others, for example as examples, the ligatures are a big no, because in this case you actually need to see what characters you need to input.
"and then a speedy news roundup doubling as an advertisement for CNN itself." was all I needed to read. Regardless of your political views it should bother you that Spotify is clearly siding with cnn. If it doesn't something is wrong.
Hack is derived of it
I grew up typing in BASIC games from magazines. I had no way of saving the games on a permanent medium, so when I was done playing, I lost the game.

Feel better now?
Luckily, my CI platform supports "this authentication.
Rise of the Recycling Robots
I think the problem, is because if I can't play a black guy in a Japanese samurai game, its okay, because it is a samurai game, and its normal to think that. But if you hold that view to medieval europe games set in Poland or northern europe, that added artificial diversity so there are less whites and more representation thats a good thing. It is like a double standard I guess, and if you even question it, you are not progressive or fair. I never see articles on Rock Paper Shotgun saying JRGs or Samurai games are needing more diversity.
but if the setting is the middle Ages it would be just stupid and lazy

And here is the crux of our disagreement. I see it simply as an aesthetic choice. An art director got bored and thought adding some different looking knights might be fun.

Personally I'm far more 'offended' by overly unrealistic weapons and combat in my 'historical' games than I am by an unrealistic number of women soldiers.
Show HN: I made 100 high-quality illustrations, totally free. Use it anywhere
Ask HN: How do you handle having technical and non-technical data sources?
I'm on the technical side and naturally lean towards the true source of data being tables in a database. Day to day I also have to deal with non-trivial data whose source of truth is stored in Google Sheets instead. I believe that it's the wrong tool for the job beyond casual data tasks, but recognize its value-add and the impracticality of expecting everyone to learn SQL and/or the basics of a language associated with data analysis.

How do you deal with this tension?
https://github.com/apple/swift-nio-ssh/issues/48

The dev said it's basically because Swift Crypto API does not support chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com, which is a non-standard construction (compared to chacha20-ietf-poly1305).
I use a classic VGA Bios font and never looked back.

https://int10h.org/oldschool-pc-fonts/fontlist/
the i has got a little cute circle, like the j!
https://twitter.com/Doomlaser/status/1308021841324367872
Isn't Purple for things like camera feeds? Good on writes, bad on reads.
The first use I recall for named parameters was in Algol60. One could write:

copyfile(path1)to:(path2)

Instead of:

copyfile(path1, path2)

I always liked that idea, but found Objective-C’s version of this less attractive. Smalltalk had named parameters too. Algol60, to me, had the nicest syntax for this.
Haskell2020 Is Dead, but All Hope Is Not Lost
Why would you choose a system with a single Gen 2 PCIe lane xor bandwidth-constrained USB 3.0 as the only high-bandwidth I/O to build a storage server?

I ask as an owner and regular user of several Pi models, including a 4.

With that said, assuming you choose PCIe, acquire a decent HBA, and build it into a decent enclosure, I'm sure it'd work as well as typical low-end off-the-shelf NAS boxes, and wouldn't cost that much more in time and materials to set up.
Ukraine Outsourcing and Retention by the Numbers
What’s the turnover rate of Ukrainian developers on outsourced projects? Why do turnover rates matter - i.e. what’s the cost? Why do they stay or leave? There are many reasons to hire and outsource to Ukrainian software developers – and if you’re planning for the long-term, you don’t want to miss this!
Probably the smart move is to make the playable character customizable (so you can be a black samurai girl with pink hair or whatever).

(Though naturally there will be some people who will feel that's just not enough. But that doesn't mean that these voices are right. Creators/publishers/developers have the right to make whatever game they feel like, with as much "accuracy" as they want.)
Spotlight is sadly really annoying to do math in these days, since it'll spin up multiple cores trying to do useless work :/
Show HN:The Video Interview Platform
Loving how zfs is so easy once you get a hang of it.

I'm trying to test it out on an i3a.large instance with 1.2TB NVME ssd and benchmarking postgres on it. Trying to move out of RDS since time to time I have an heavy iops scripts.

Only thing left is doing zfs snapshots next for my backups.
zfs snapshots or pg_dump snapshots? I wonder what's better.
Sorry, but you're just not looking for it. I'm personally a part of many social circles that talk about discrimination and diversity from Marxist lenses and it seems to be exactly what you're talking about. The people tweeting about More Female CEOs might be the majority in the US but fortunately they're far from the only group that talks about these issues.
I would recommend this to everybody:

https://int10h.org/oldschool-pc-fonts/fontlist/font?ibm_vga_...

However, you should disable bold fonts in your terminal as it really does not look good in bold.
Reverse Engineering Styled Components
So Facebook stands to lose up to 40% revenue from a practice of monitoring my every move on the internet, not only on their own site, but everywhere that has a "like on facebook" button ? Good Riddance.

The practice of surveillance is in many democratic countries not even allowed for law enforcement without a court order, so the fact that Facebook thinks it's "their right" says a lot...
Wow, Electron's being used everywhere! ;-)
As mentioned in [1], Triplicate includes a Code variant which disambiguates l and 1, and O and 0, and makes other tweaks for better legibility.

[1] https://practicaltypography.com/triplicate.html
What about GNU Free Mono? I use it for APL development because it has nice APL symbols. The font itself uses serifs.
md is the normal tool for doing RAID in software on Linux. It exposes a number of physical devices as one block device, which looks just like a normal hard disk.

btrfs is also a volume manager with RAID-like functionality of its own. But you can also use btrfs on an md device, just like you would with any other filesystem.

Software RAID is something I have only used for personal use, and with the enormous consumer hard drives available now, striping them seems less necessary than before.
Logistic regression or neural networks with softmax activation use $ln p$ when manipulating probabilities. Normalization to a total probability of 1 is usually delayed to the end (so intermediate values are actually $ln p_i + c$ where c will only be computed during normalization). This representation of probabilities has the nice property that Bayes' law turns into simple addition.

The linked approach sounds very similar, calling $-ln p$ rank. However it appears to use a different normalization approach.
“ligatures in programming fonts are a terrible idea”

I agree as well with the point about ligatures, but I find funny that the advice comes from a site that thinks straight up normal text with no hover, no distinct color, no distinct font and no underline is a good way to signal linked pages https://i.imgur.com/9iVMfgD.png (who would have guessed Racket was a link?)
> I think the problem can be neatly summed up in just one thing about the game: the game will ‘desyncronize’ you (meaning produce a game over) if your character kills civilians

While I agree this broke immersion completely for me, I don't think you want 10 year olds killing civilians.
> Not to take away from the merits of ZFS, but this sounds like something that 2 disks with software RAID1 would prevent from happening.

You're not wrong. And if there's a mechanical issue with a drive and it dies / stops spinning, then you'll probably get an alert and can swap it.

But if there's any kind of bit rot or data corruption, and it only happens on one side of the (traditional) RAID1 mirror, how will you (a) know that it actually occurred, or (b) know which side is good bits and which side has bad bits?

With ZFS and checksums, you can be confident that your data is still healthy. Depending on the data, this may be an important consideration.

zfs send-recv is also very handy for doing incremental backups.
What a friendly logo.
Getting to the Core: Benchmarking Cloudflare’s Latest Server Hardware
As the author, I think you are right. It isn't stagnant. But it also isn't a good fit for me in the tradeoffs it makes. M1 has promising performance but intensifies my already painful dongle town situation.

To me Apple are making 50/50 good and bad moves but they are maybe hitting 25/75 for my use cases. So they are losing me.
This feeling of roundedness reminds me of APL385 / APL386.

https://abrudz.github.io/APL386/

I’ve always liked the look, but I use Fira Code in practice because it is more readable and narrower.
Precisely. Photons from an LED are indistinguishable from any other photons of the same wavelength, yet the light is, nonetheless, artificial.
This can probably be fixed by splitting the platforms/features into tiers. Tier 1 is always fixed ASAP, tier 2 means that good contributions will be merged, tier 3 changes will only happen if sponsored.
For me this is what wast of talent look like
No DoT is not DoH. They both are blockable; DoH servers must use either well-known IPs, or to be bootstrapped by the plain DNS. First one you can block as well, the second you can filter.

> Of those platforms that do support DoH, how many of them have it on by default, rather than requiring the user to know it exists and turn it on?

Being off by default is a feature. Those road warriors that do not trust their coffee shops can turn it on if they want it, but elsewhere it causes nothing but trouble.
Fitting a NES game into 40 Kilobytes [video]
Agreed. I've been aware of and thinking to check out ZFS for over a decade because all these weird nerds keep talking about it but it seemed so involved and complicated.

One simple command each to:

* create a zpool

* create a dataset (persistently mounted across reboots, with optional encryption and compression etc)

While, yes, properly tweaking ZFS for performance and making proper decisions on things like recordsizes, L2ARC and SLOG requires a bit of deeper understanding of how it works, the CLI is very approachable and the man pages are straight-forward and easy to understand for a beginner.

Compared the alternatives of cryptsetup/mdadm/lvm/lvcache, it's such a breath of fresh air and a lot easier to work with. It's unified and intuitive and things just make sense.

The big game-changer for me is its caching mechanisms. For workloads that already have efficient caching (mature databases, for example), it might not make a big difference, but for things doing redundant IO it can improve the performance by an order of magnitude in a way the Linux page cache just can't.

Put a fast NVMe as L2ARC in front of a mirror of slow but inexpensive disks and you can eat the cake and have it.

Oh, and native compression (currently lz4 but zstd is coming) that barely impacts performance (and sometimes improves it).

I'm one of those weird guys now and even my nerd friends don't get me anymore :')
I only cared about Linux, because of the way Microsoft managed their POSIX support.

From my point of view, Linux would never taken off if POSIX had been taken more seriously.

I do disagree with the developer mindshare though, for me they are looking into the market for cloud, where yes UNIX was won, but there are plenty of scenarios out there where UNIX support is meaningless, desktop applications, mobile platforms, IoT, mainframes.

Then they saw an opportunity to bring back into Windows those developers that are buying Apple laptops for shiny UNIX experience, not connect at all with Apple's culture and now looking to move elsewhere.

Personally I am yet to care about using WSL, in any of its variants, all my programming tools are anyway mostly OS agnostic, and the ones that aren't are focused on Windows deployment scenarios anyway.
I've been using ZFS in production both in my home and at work since 2012. It's come a long way in FreeBSD, and I think is now quite clearly the best filesystem choice for nearly every workload. ZFS on Root is super usable and easy to install now, and is great with an SSD mirror.

Highly recommended as something to learn and use, it's obviously the best choice for a home built filer, but is also an excellent choice even for general purpose server use. My colo setup is running FreeBSD w/ ZFS which is very stable for backending VPN servers, web servers and app servers of all stripes, etc.
> The real truth is we don’t know

I'm an agnostic person but isn't that the present (scientific) consensus right now?

That doesn't necessarily mean that there was a "God" that was behind of it all, but I was left with the impression that the whole "everything happened by chance and chance only" discussion was more common 15-20 years ago compared to now, when we have other agnostic people seriously proposing the "we live in a simulation" theory or the "multiverse/multi-world" theories, both options which are not necessarily random (especially the "simulation" one).

Just to make clear, I'm no scientist and I didn't follow this conversation ("what are the origins of the world/universe?") that closely because I don't find it to be that interesting, so if I'm talking non-sense maybe some other more knowledgeable people can correct me.
This is interesting, but maybe instead of hard-cut maybe we could serve different website versions depending on the budget (eg. the same way we do with srcset for images).

Client requests page with 500kb budget? Send text-version with tiny images.
Client requests page without any budget? Send full rich version, with full-res images.
I appreciate you doing this. However .... what HN search feature?

I went and read the 2013 comments; they certainly were critical of the website: almost a trope on HN, I guess considering how many people make a living at that. Nobody really seemed to notice anything untoward. Many/most were as gee-whiz fanboy about it as people on this article on Moderna.
Speaking of US things, what's an engagement ring? :)

And yes, most wedding rings around here are plain gold. I only know one couple with diamonds on their wedding rings and they're kinda nouveau riche and snobby.
I paid the full price for it (€199), and I've found it to be a worthwhile purchase. It's pay-once-use-forever and since I spend a lot of time staring at code, the price per day of use is very low. Of course, there are free fonts that do the same and look good, I used Iosevka and Fira Code before I found PragmataPro. Honestly, I just adore how the font looks, and that was the primary reason I bought it, the others being the amount of available characters and that the author is a paid professional working on it.
Yeah, it needs Hyperconverged Blockchain to “accelerate the vision”.
One further step: I sat there reading BASIC books in the library but never had the correct setup to actually try them, so I would play them in my head (we had computers, just not the BASIC interpreter).

They were not that much different than a choose your own adventure book.
> I even sit down for sometimes hours to write documentation, comment my code, make it maintainable. It gives me a certain joy to make it all neat and tidy, just in case someone ever comes across it (which might or might not ever happen, but if it does, it'll be nice!).

I've been doing that for so long, that it is completely habitual.

My stuff is generally not popular. I'm my own best customer, but I write (and document) everything I do (even the one-offs), as if they will be a corporate legacy.

One of my projects (a fairly massive one, actually) became something a lot bigger. It is now being maintained by a skilled and energetic team. They don't always do things the way that I would have, and that's a good thing. The project is thriving.

The best thing I did for it, was step away, after developing it -alone- for ten years.
> "Content creators" almost universally only make significant money when the content they create are ads or porn.

Don't go into creating porn with that mindset, it's not a guarantee you'll make significant money. It's still better than creating advertisement though.
Real unit tests (not integration tests) are poor man's types. Usually when you have very small unit tests asserting inputs and outputs of methods you would simply assert those with types in more powerful languages
Bold of you to imply that quality of story is something AAA game companies ever care about, like, at all.
What do you mean by "English", in a modern day sense or in a 10th century sense? I'm not even sure there was a concept of "English" in the 10th century.
This was the best comment about open source that I've seen on HN in a long time. Thanks a lot!
I really wish I could play the Star Trek: Elite Force single player games again, but I suspect they haven't aged well.