skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think, at best, we'll see a situation similar to the requirements that state schools have for enrollment. All 50 states "require" kids to be vaccinated.... but 48 states have religious exemptions.

At the end of the day, it's a lot less risk to HR to not piss off a couple of politically fringe employees over something that the vast majority of employees will do voluntarily anyway, without any coercing. Two unvaccinated employees out of hundreds probably won't cause a problematic COVID outbreak, but they could file a lawsuit.
Maybe the answer is (a) Green New Deal. Basically just rebuild the whole infrastructure - no tinkering around the edges, just replace the lot.

Start with engineering courses, bringing on new talent.
Spin up hundreds of solar farms, battery factories etc

My question is are there real innovations to be made - do we need to rely on concrete and steel ? Are new homes possible in flat packs?

I would rather packet it into small parcels (10-100M) that explore the phase space of possible than think a quick government report can define infrastructure for a century

On top of which we should heed the strong town lesson - only build what we need, and cost in the car externalities in our cities.

Just thinking out loud ...
> what does btrfs offer that zfs does not?

As @matheusmoreira mentioned - you can use harddisks of unequal size. I.e. three disks of 4+3+3 Tb in RAID1 will happily give you 5 Tb of usable space. AFAIK, no other filesystem can do that.

Quoting @matheusmoreira further:

> I can slowly buy drives of different capacities and add them to the file system one by one. I don't have to plan ahead of time like traditional RAID and ZFS setups. This is excellent for home data storage!
My main gripe with ZFS is that I can't dynamically size up an array once it's created. A raidz2 can't go from 6 disks to 7 or 8 disks without completely destroying and recreating the array.
First, Tyson didn't claim that philosophy is not a productive contributor to our understanding of the natural world, but that for any individual, "if you are distracted by your questions so that you can’t move forward, you are not being a productive contributor to our understanding of the natural world." The latter is a much more defensible claim.

Next, it's worth quoting from the conclusion of the article defending philosophy against Hawking:

> No doubt there is a fair amount of ill-informed, obtuse, or ideologically angled philosophy that either refuses or tries but fails to engage with the concerns of present-day science. One can understand Hawking’s impatience – or downright exasperation – with some of the half-baked notions put around by refuseniks and would-be engageniks alike.

People justifiably take issue with some aspects of philosophy (postmodernism, for example, and its misuse of scientific terminology, as exposed in Bricmont & Sokal's Intellectual Impostors), and a few scientists certainly overshoot in their criticism, or make it unduly broad.

But I don't think it's accurate to claim that "today the 'public intellectuals' often say philosophy is outdated or useless".

Lastly, even if one thinks that philosophy is largely useless today, that doesn't imply at all that one considers "21st-century American values [...] the best, final ones, never to be questioned again".
I'm afraid that the "coal is more radioactive" argument isn't going to get the traction that it did in 20 years ago. There are too many caveats and assumptions made in what the level of radioactivity in coal ash means to meaningfully compare it to fissionable radionuclides.

As measured by GHG emissions, nuclear power is certainly better for the climate. Whether or not that equates to "safer for human activity"? The devil is in the details.
You can get student loans to go to welding school - yes.
Currently, no. On the contrary, since Sorbet syntax is pure Ruby, it needs a runtime component, so there is actually a small negative impact in performance at runtime. The reason why we cannot use types to make the interpreter do optimizations is because the interpreter is not aware of types.

Having said that, such optimizations are indeed possible and we are already thinking about how we can use the type information we have to that effect. There are still many things that need to line up for that to be a thing, so we are not expecting any new developments on this soon. But this is a very exciting direction for our Ruby Infrastructure team at Shopify.
You yourself admit that Youtube is a platform that provides you with great user base and discoverability. That's also the exact reason what every other platform uses to charge 30% (Steam, Apple Store, etc). So why is it expected here for Youtube to give away all that for free, and allow you to completely turn off all the ads making them zero dollar, while you are having your content hosted for free and making money externally?
Honestly, the Raspberry Pi 4 is just fine for what it's meant to do. It's a lot of CPU for the money and it's easy to find resources on the internet.

You could consider the more expensive Jetson Nano if you need a powerful GPU or if you just want to try something different. People tend to assume it's faster, but the Raspberry Pi 4 CPU actually beats it in most cases ( https://syonyk.blogspot.com/2019/11/battle-of-boards-jetson-... )
Wish is number 6 on Shopping App Chart and Aliexpress is at 30 or so. It’s more popular but Aliexpress barely does any marketing in the US AFAIK
Intuitively, I agree with you that software patents are a bad idea, but patents are supposed to be available for both devices and processes (along with plants and some other more complicated things).

An algorithm is a process, and while it's clear that just doing something on a computer shouldn't be patent-able; I think there's a case for granting patents to innovative and useful algorithms.
will come with an issue tracker that will compare customer feedback with the issues entered by the staff during e.g. hotel stay and save time on investigation and minimize compensation expenditures
> Supermarkets are the largest vector btw

Cite, please. This matches nothing I have seen.

The biggest vectors seem to be Number 1: churches and Number 2: bars/restaurants.
You might be better served if you read Elixir's official tutorials. They explain it (although I'm not sure which of them focused on that aspect; but they are only a few so you should be able to find the needed material easily).
Indeed having the environment offline would be great. But this doesn't seem to fit their model for profit.
Yes, it's one of those dirty JavaScript tricks that abuse type conversion. Negation converts anything into a boolean, so if you negate that again, you get the equivalent of converting the into a bool. In standard (old) JS fashion, it's both slower and less readable, but people still (used to?) do it. Similar hacks include 1* for num->string and +"" for the opposite, along with several others that I have luckily managed to forget.
The trackpad is still a dealbreaker for me. Nothing I have tried so far comes close to the trackpad on a macbook with the sensitivity turned up to max.
OP here -- Decided to post this after this thread (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25154282) yesterday.

As we said there, we're trying to take the convenience and brevity of social news updates, but use them to build a new platform that helps reporters and surface trustworthy, local news. We make tools for newsrooms that then syndicates out to the consumer platform, before an article or video is ever even made. (We are to news what OpenTable is to restaurants.) And through rev-shares, our partners succeed when we do.

https://www.forthapp.com is our consumer side, https://www.nillium.com/newsrooms for the newsroom SaaS.
As a cat person, I want to ask why other cities are so cat deficient.

Realistically though, an overpopulation of any domestic/ semi animal, particularly when they are non-native is not great. These cats almost certainly spread out into the surrounding countryside and wreck havoc on native/ natural populations.

Cats are great... in moderation and properly spayed so they don't spread.
It might actually be billions at this point, since they bake in some features into the silicon itself. That being said, Apple’s device security model is has many places where it is not aligned with what most people want. KTRR is a good example of a mitigation that has no effect in practice for preventing most exploits, and it’s just one of the instances where Apple tries to protect their software over you, the user.
I'd take a look at your process monitor I'm on a 2019 MacBook Pro 13 with 2.4 GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i5 and I barely ever have the fans kick on. Normally when something like that happens to me it tends to be me choking out the ram and causing the cpu to compress and uncompress RAM more than is reasonable.
With a 99.9% survivability rate for people under 50, it really isn't necessary for a large portion of the population.
Welders are in short supply is just CEO talk for "we don't want to pay them more".
Agreed, it is quite pathetic that the entire rest of the world is getting taken to school by one chip.

I hate to fall back on the "good enough" argument, it's absolutely pathetic that we're here, but PCs are, generally, good enough. Battery life and performance are both pretty stellar in ultrabooks. I'm looking forward to larger & larger tablets becoming a thing, with Apple again alas having to lead the charge there too by introducing 12 inch tablets, which thankfully, others are doing.

In general, a fixed closed ecosystem can advance wonderfully, especially fueled with a multi-trillion dollar market capitalization. But a lot of people are betting on literally everyone else on the planet, to suss & finagle better ways forward, organically, over time, with hopefully building inertia, and I think, maybe not for this decade but some decade, those bets on everyone are good bets.
That is such a cliched, average atheist argument.

Btw, even taking a very atheistic perspective, only focused on how humanity evolved (which is a selfish process in spite of your future protestations of how you have trascended it) we can see we evolved to be nice only out of self-preservation.

One would think that is the ultimate personal gain but I'll grant you that reminding yourself you are a good person must be a psychological gain of its own.
Yes, nuclear power projects bid below what they know it will cost and then pull a shocked-pikachu face when the final bill ends up several times the original "cost estimate".

Look at Flamanville in France: budget triple the "estimate", 15 years to construct. France has more nuclear energy per-capita than any other country on Earth, so it's not like they don't know how to "do" nuclear.
I use runtypes:

import { Record, Number, Static } from 'runtypes';

export const Thing = Record({
thing: Number
});

export type Thing = Static<Thing>;

Then you can import it like this:

import { Thing } from './thing';

function (thing: Thing) {
if (Thing.guard(thing)) { console.log('we have a thing!'); }
}
The default intent, and thus the default configuration, is to have a device that a kid can accidentally nuke without any lasting consequences. That's the whole founding principle of the thing. Lose that and you've lost the Raspberry Pi as a concept.
I've found that if ChromeOS would suit a user's needs, so would a polished distribution like Ubuntu with a browser like Firefox or Chrome.
You bring up RStudio but not the R Notebooks which it supports natively (https://bookdown.org/yihui/rmarkdown/notebook.html), which IMO is a far-superior way of handling notebooks than Jupyter. (namely, the files are plain text so you can actually commit to Git without fuss)

I wrote a detailed blog post about the differences between Jupyter and R Notebooks years ago: https://minimaxir.com/2017/06/r-notebooks/
Well done. Its important to have places which showcase people who aren't well served by the mainstream job sites.
Tableau offers templated visualizations. You generally do not need to program to create stuff. Observable is a notebook environment where you can write JS (mostly) to create and tweak highly customized visualizations. It's similar to Jupyter on a very high level (they all have reactive cells for example), but for JS and visualizations.
The software was in the $25K+ range. It's a rather different market, and different sales techniques -- made harder because my FOSS-only distribution model meant I couldn't distribute an evaluation version with more restrictive licensing.

The non-FOSS pricing is cheaper, but still in the $10K range. My last sale took about 15 months from start to finish.

FWIW, I got strong feedback that people wouldn't buy it with GPL licensing. It's library software designed to be embedded wherever you need it, so I can understand that.
Worth noting that Unit 3 at Olkiluoto in Finland was started before Flamanville and it hit massive cost overruns and delays as well. It was another EPR -- it's not like Flamanville was the very first build of this design, they had another to learn with.
I'm not sure how that applies to electron beyond electron bundling an entire copy of chrome in every app.

Electron has plenty of non-web APIs, plenty of non-web permissions, etc.

You could do exactly the same thing with webkit's APIs.
I will signup as well! If I can I always looking for a ways to avoid Google products and support smaller business and creators. I think its time for changes.
You can disable the ligatures for all those fonts and only see =, ==, === explicitly.
I got into Linux when I was younger because I thought it was cool, and I had plenty of time to fix it when things broke. It's been my daily driver for ~10 years now. But there's quite a bit too learn. If I were to try and switch from Windows or Mac today I'm not sure I'd succeed before giving up.

But I'm grateful every day to have a machine that I have some semblance of control over. I use a rolling release distro. I'm running a recent kernel and haven't done a major re-install in 5 years. During that entire time my computing experience has been incredibly stable. No huge UI changes. No forced system updates. Just a reliable tool I can use to get stuff done.

What I'm trying to communicate is, Linux desktop is usable, and it's worth pushing over the hump.
We've also got an ocean full of plastic and has hotspots where nuclear waste was dumped[1]. That's no reason to go around saying, "well, we've already trashed it, might as well let it continue to be trashed"

1. https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1198/chapters/207-217_RadWaste.p...
Ask HN: What's the best beginner resource to learn modern PHP?
As a relative beginner who knows HTML, CSS and just brought myself up to date with ES6 using JavaScript.info, is there anything similar for PHP? PHPTheRightWay.com reads to me more like very comprehensive fast-paced documentation rather than a guide to easily learn and absorb things, and this seems borne out by its lack of exercises. Is there anything better than it for PHP?
Ultimately, the goal is for Tapioca to replace all `srb rbi` tooling and `sorbet-rails`. Right now, we exclusively use Tapioca for gem RBIs and we don't use any `srb rbi` tooling at Shopify. That works perfectly fine, but you don't get any `sorbet-typed` RBIs, which, right now is not a concern for us.

The DSL generators are not 100% complete to fully replace `sorbet-rails` right now, but we are preparing a 1.0 release of the gem that should be able to do that.
Funny that this popped up on HN. I lived in Istanbul for a little bit and was perplexed by the number of cats, but for one reason or another it's not something I ever thought of actually Googling. Thanks for sharing!
CEO of Pfizer sold millions in stock in early November
> The black hole information paradox implies that there is no way for information to escape the black hole

Not quite. When Hawking radiation is included, it becomes possible in principle for information to escape the hole. That's not the main issue.

The main issue is that any information carried by an object that falls into the hole and hits the singularity inside the black hole gets destroyed. So either that information is lost, which violates QM unitarity, or the information has to get copied into the Hawking radiation that gets emitted, which violates the QM no cloning theorem.

> One suggestion have been that the information actually never enters the black hole in the first place, it's just spread out over the surface of the event horizon.

This doesn't really help, because the information can't just stop at the horizon; if an object falls in, it carries its information with it. So "spread out over the surface of the event horizon" really has to mean the information gets copied there, which, as above, violates the QM no cloning theorem. Some physicists, such as Susskind, claim that this actually isn't an issue because no single observer will ever observe both copies of the information, but this argument strikes me as contrived (and I don't think it's been proven that it must be the case).

Two possible resolutions that seem to me to at least avoid the problems I stated above are:

(1) Quantum gravity effects change the singularity inside the black hole to something else: one commonly suggested possibility is that a "baby universe" is born there, and that baby universe carries the information that fell into the hole. In other words, the information stays inside the hole and doesn't come out in the Hawking radiation, but it doesn't get destroyed either.

(2) Quantum gravity effects prevent a true event horizon and a true black hole from ever forming in the first place. That means there is never any singularity or any place where information ever gets destroyed; quantum gravity effects end up converting all of the objects that fell into the "hole" (which is now not a true black hole, but will still look like one to us on the outside, at least for a very long time) into the Hawking radiation that the hole emits as it evaporates. So no information ever gets destroyed and no information ever gets cloned.
I remember watching Kedi, a feel-good non-fiction film about cats in Istanbul that was popular a few years ago. My impression was less "awww" and more "wow, Istanbul has a massive feral cat problem." I'm not sure having thousands of feral animals fight over your garbage is good for public health or, for that matter, humane toward the animals.
> Android devices are Linux too, but we don't go around saying it's an era of the Linux Handheld. It is, sort of, but the "Linux Desktop" implies a wider free & open source stack of interlinked technologies...

Or, you just can say that by "Linux" we actually mean GNU/Linux.
Also "10-20% increased risk of death this year" is fucking massive
The common theme is that in both cases, the web was losing ground to closed, native platforms. If web browsers don't protect users, they stand to lose users to platforms that do protect users in much the same way that slow websites lost users to Apple News & Facebook Instant.

Of course it encourages carelessness, that's what users want: they want to care less about the tech they use.They simply want the benefits of tech, not the maintenance or burden of care. It's why many prefer an iPhone that makes all their software choices for them. It's why many trust an email provider to sort & filter their email instead of doing it themselves.
No more than climate denial is the eschatology of Christianity.
I quite enjoyed this. Especially the video response from the supposed meeting leader. It illustrates to me how far away these policy makers are from security and technological topics.
That and at least the Dell keyboards have a key configuration that I can't stand.

https://www.dell.com/community/Inspiron/Switching-Fn-and-lef...

Aside from operating system, the actual PC laptop hardware just isn't up to the standards.
Yes, what I meant by Rmarkdown is these notebooks.
In 50 years do we come to the same point in the road with different infrastructure?
Seconded. I get it for math but, it's just super confusing in code. Like, most of us agree "there should be one obvious way to do it" in code. Why don't we think the same about what code looks like? That feels much more fundamental.

Obligatory digraphs/trigraphs reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digraphs_and_trigraphs#C
No, sources identified Apple specifically, though other companies are involved.
Except the sales numbers for Chromebooks are nuts at least in the education sector I'm in, linux on desktop is basically no where there (so far). Will be interesting if that changes. So there is some kind of boom happening even in these more locked down systems.
No, the implication is, "we (some of us) are insulting our religion, and we're OK with it".
> The biggest was that they didn't use a microprocessor

The Symbolics Ivory microprocessor was introduced in 1988.

> Franz LISP on a Sun was comparable to using a Symbolics

Not really.

The Lisp alternatives to Symbolics came later with commercial systems like the TI Explorer and then Allegro CL, Lucid CL, LispWorks, Golden Common Lisp, Macintosh Common Lisp.
I work with Ruby, Python, and R daily.

I use Ruby for everything I can, Python for ML, and R for data analysis. I just find it easier to not swim upstream and force ruby onto all of those contexts when the other 2 languages have loads of inertia behind them in those spaces. It's unfortunate.
I don’t think it is, since the HomePod needs to actually work for that connector to be useful. You may need to stick it back on to “fix” it, though.
> but with Apple downgrading its hardware (but still keeping those Apple prices!), the problems just kept stacking up.

I get that the author wound up with a lemon, but the idea that Apple is "downgrading its hardware" with more problems arising is ludicrous.

Especially now that Apple fixed the keyboards, its hardware is better than it's ever been.

You might not like Apple for plenty of other reasons, but the notion that its hardware is getting worse, or a worse value, is insane. The new M1 MBA is the highest-quality best deal of a laptop ever made.
Yes but its cheaper and battery life is great and the user doesnt have to worry about upgrades.

If you want to get a Linux based laptop for casual users and dont want to maintain it, just get them a chromebook.

It is also a good everyday machine I can use to ssh into my desktop for real work.
One of my customers' ERP system is a nightmare so they outsource many purchases to a reseller. I didn't understand what was going on when the reseller contacted me, and ended up being added as a supplier to my customer's ERP.

I then got paid twice. After 9 months and multiple inquiries I still don't know how to give them their money back!
not OP, but using btrfs for 0.5 year with snapshots, snapper (which creates snapshots every hour) on NVMe under Arch. Haven't noticed any issues yet - qgroups are disabled, and snapper config decreased to have no more than 20 snapshots.
Ask HN: Richard Stallman's Greatest Works?
With the recent Apple OCSP fiasco, I'd like to read more about RMS's views on technology and its future. What are some of his must-see writings/speeches/etc.?
You can find GNU/Linux ARM laptops, too: https://www.pine64.org/pinebook-pro/ (slow, but it's a start).
We don't yet know what the M1 can do with a higher power budget in desktop form. Very surprising though to see they can generate some reasonable seeming performance especially with native apps.