skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
You can exclude any particular Gödel statement (a specific string of symbols), and as you're suggesting you can even exclude an infinite sequence of derived statements too, found by systematically adding the previous ones as axioms and applying a "Gödelisation" procedure to make another.

But "this statement is not provable" isn't a statement in the logic. It's an English language description of a type of statement, one which has certain self-referential characteristics and shows us the incompleteness of the logic.

There are an infinite number of statements in the logic which fit that type by having the relevant characteristics, and they aren't all obvious. The self-referential recursion implied in Gödel's construction is designed to make it obvious, but it can be encoded in less and less obvious ways while still containing an encoded image of themselves.

You can even get to statements where the self-reference is encrypted (using an actual encryption algorithm)! Only a mathematician with the "secret key", or a clever super-mathematician with amazing brute-forcing skills, would be able to read the statement and confirm that it's true!

And so "perceivable truth" is a thing too. Some truths are too complex for an ordinary mind to verify, yet still true.

To exclude all self-referential statements in the logic of type "this statement is not provable", you would need a decision procedure to tell you which statements in the logic are those.

Unfortunately you can't make such a decision procedure. It's very similar to Turing's halting problem. Just as you can't make a program which will take any input X and tell you if the program encoded as X will eventually terminate, you can't make a procedure which will take any statement S and tell you if it contains a fancy encoding of itself.

There's just no way to do it. The fact it can be related to Turing's halting problem, which is about real machines and real algorithms running on them, may give you some idea that the core principle can be grounded in something quite down to earth which affects practical applications.
> the default is for the professors and students to be collaborators and trust each other rather than be adversaries.

Can you explain why professors and students would be adversaries?
The CDC recommends AirBNB style vacation rentals over staying at a hotel or even with family while traveling: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/travelers/travel-r...
I don't think it's so simple. No one gorges on broccoli. It's filled with fiber, another thing that will fill you up.

Sugar in foods also trigger a feel good response from dopamine. It's addictive.

Education about healthy eating is important, but sugar is a problem.
There’s the big question, how does the TSLA addition not trigger a huge selloff?

ETFs and other mechanisms tied to the index will be selling a whole lot of stock to buy TSLA.
Others disagree.
As explained in the video, most cheeses have little to no lactose
I would guess Apple.
> What if someone realizes that Google uses a broken cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) à la Debian ?

1. Someone with bad intentions figuring that out could start spamming other domains using gmail.com From Addresses.

2. Someone with good intentions would contact google security for a bug bounty or maybe just publish a zero-day report. Google would correct the issue and the world would be a slightly more secure place.

#2 would almost certainly happen, I suspect. And if #1 happened _before_ #2 then there'd be more spam in the world, temporarily.

To me the risk seems low.
It's nonsense, you can't just take the average for the year so far and fill it in for December when there are substantially higher deaths in December typically.
Was it actually? Because I'm hard up for a good Silk Road read.

I slogged through Raoul McLaughlin's "The Roman Empire & the Silk Routes" because it's online reviews were glowing for silk road history told with decent story telling. I still found it startlingly dry, it felt like a demonstration of how much research he did rather than a real narrative arc.

Tangentially I read half of it aloud to my little kids for bedtime, they loved the crazy names of faraway fantastical sounding places - it's about all that really redeemed it experientially. YMMV, apparently.
Not an expert, but you should end up with more yeast in the end product for a long fermented dough. The yeast population will grow exponentially from whatever initial population was present. You should also end up with the sugars in the flour being more completely broken down into their byproducts (e.g. alcohol, co2).
User: "Stop using my processor for all your stupid stuff."
Any data available that quantifies that effect of asymptomatic transmission? Are they the main driver of new infections or a minor player?
Yeah, it's hard to say how the numbers work out overall. But, if I were to travel at all over the next few months it would almost certainly be to a place with a kitchen (and preferably someplace separate) so I didn't need to go to restaurants for every meal or mingle generally. Certainly, couldn't find AirBnB for fall time off I was considering.
I don't have enough datapoints yet to tell if there's anything suspicious happening around hydrogen tech. The volume of discussion has only started to get high recently.

I'll say that on technical merits there are pretty solid arguments both for and against green hydrogen. It's not like nuclear industry where the free market has already spoken and mostly said "yeah your product sucks, we don't want to buy any more."
I had already seen that video and I call bs.

Claiming lactose malabsorption is a very strong claim, considering it's backed by pretty much no evidence at all.

It's really, really bs.

And this is not about being Italian or not (full disclosure: I am).

We have a lot of milk-based or dairy-based products even in the evening or for dinner (I just had pasta with gorgonzola cheese). Pastries too! Tiramisù is very common in restaurants, and half of it is mascarpone cheese.

Again, this video is bullshit.
> @moderators ok this is getting a bit ridiculous. Few minutes in and the usual downvote arrives.

Theory -

HN has changed their algorithm (I think they always are) and bots are interacting with it causing this.

I'd guess HN pushes you down if your last comment was downvoted.

And the bots who need to seem normal assume you've been downvoted so also downvote.
Another way of making the point: we did COVID challenge trials on monkeys first, because their immune systems are a decent model for that 80-year-old human's. Well, a 30-year-old human is an even better model of an 80-year-old human. A challenge trial on young people wouldn't prove everything, but it would give a high-information signal quickly.
Yes, but that just means prosecuting individual cases. That is very different from trying to make systemic changes in the way local cops operate; those kinds of changes must be made by local governments, and are the kind of changes local citizens should be demanding, and should be voting local governments out of office for not making.
I generally agree with all you've said there. I guess I have so much personal experience with non-sexism prejudice in all kinds of ways that I don't really care about the plight of women as much. It seems like everyone gets it. If someone asks as question on StackOverflow, I judge them for having a default avatar or username. I judge them for having a teenage writing style. If someone writes in 3rd person or 1st person, you can judge them in either direction depending on whether other signals are consistent with it. I try to combat that in myself and treat everyone fairly, but ways to judge people are just overwhelming even without knowing their sex. You get judged by the way you walk, the way to look at people, the timing of your speaking, your age, your clothes, everything. You might say those features aren't innate and people can change them, but it can be incredibly hard for some because they're actually signals of some underlying qualities and if you don't have those qualities, you're struggling to fake the signals which is risky and difficult.

I think women may actually get a better deal overall because so many men are trying not to be sexist that they treat them well, giving them a free pass on all those other judgable signals. Men might not even understand that a woman is revealing her inadequacy by wearing the "wrong" clothes, while they'll openly laugh at a man exhibiting "wrong" behavior.
The number of problems (23) and the relatively high-level phrasing is presumably a reference to Hilbert's problems.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_problems

Wikipedia notes that they "ranged greatly in topic and precision". :-)
Nobody's talking about it because it's just an asset bubble being driven by historically low interest rates and QE. Gold and property are also going up.
vine for zoomers
Relying on a firearm to stop a brown or a moose at close range before it ends you is an iffy gamble. Firearms are more for protecting you from the most dangerous animal in the woods.
Been stuck with psql, all the graphical things end up being one-more-electron-app or terrible or Windows-only.
I think I stopped actually using Yelp for phone numbers and just use Google Maps simply for convenience. They keep a pretty decent set of business details up to date. I often use them to lookup company headquarters. Never knew or experienced Yelp polluting the business details.
Makes sense - the top schools on the list are over an order of magnitude larger, by student population.
The Butter Robot
> For one example, Caltech has an honor system where the default is for the professors and students to be collaborators and trust each other rather than be adversaries.

What does this mean in practice? Students and staff collaborate in every institution I've ever been part of.
Lol, you "muh science" nerds are too much.

Moderna is about as obvious a scam as any company that doesn't presently have executives in court or prison.

""On a scale of one to 10, one being less concerned and 10 being the most concerned," said Daniel Taylor, an associate professor of accounting at the Wharton School, "this is an 11."

Taylor said Moderna's stock-selling practices appear well outside the norm, and raise questions about the company's internal controls to prevent insider trading.

Since January, CEO Stéphane Bancel has sold roughly $40 million worth of Moderna stock held by himself or associated investment funds; Chief Medical Officer Tal Zaks has sold around $60 million; and President Stephen Hoge has sold more than $10 million."

https://www.npr.org/2020/09/04/908305074/bad-optics-or-somet...

https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/4-reasons-investors-are-bett...

https://www.statnews.com/2020/05/19/vaccine-experts-say-mode...

https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/07/moderna-spars-with-us-scient...

Anyone who believes these assclowns has both developed a mRNA vaccine and a coronavirus vaccine must subsist on a diet of pure soylent, and probably owns a juicero.

I know shit from shinola about mRNA, other than they've been working on it for more than a decade and have never fielded one, but I know shenanigans when I see it. I mean, maybe the CEO needed to repair his roof or fix up his swimming pool or buy the 'Game of Thrones' DVD box set or something. Possible! Seems unlikely though!
awesome! I think these might be good candidates for Console! :)
Strava has had ads in the form of sponsored challenges for years. But those are mostly for brand building rather than selling specific products.
D'oh! (See elsethread.)
Honestly, I am so glad to hear Obama at least saying this. My impression was that many "establishment" (ie. employed in politics) Democrats were refraining from this criticism since tech as an industry is closely aligned with the party.

Good to see that is not entirely true.
the google ad is clearly marked as an ad. the yelp phone number hijacking does not have "order via grubhub" anywhere.
One of the most insane stats I've heard: Roughly 1 in every thousand Caltech alumni has a nobel prize
> Infringement of copyright is defined by the statute and does not include the anti-circumvention 1201 provisions.

Yeah, my mistake, you're correct the 1201 anti-circumvention provisions do define a new violation separate from copyright infringement itself.

However, there is a circuit split as to whether a violation of section 1201 requires a nexus to copyright infringement to be valid. If an 'infringement nexus requirement' is upheld, section 512 may still cover section 1201 violations by shielding service providers from any copyright infringement liability that would establish a nexus with the circumvention tool.

I don't see this particular issue ever being resolved by the courts in any case, so there's still quite a bit of ambiguity in this connection between the two sections of the DMCA.
Hm? I thought (in)completeness was just about whether or not , for each well-formed-formula, either there is a proof of it, or a proof of its negation.

The CH is a syntactically valid statement in ZFC.

So, shouldn't the fact that ZFC cannot prove or disprove CH, be an example of ZFC being incomplete, regardless of whether CH is in fact true, false, or not-a-proposition-that-has-a-truth-value ?
Even if they would spend more on ads if Covid hadn't happened, it's still remarkable how great their numbers are with this little ad spend. It really speaks to the brand they have been able to build.
Gödel’s Proof by Nagel and Newman is quite good. ISBN 0814758371
> You unholster or unbuckle your weapon, camera goes live.

This has already been around for a few years https://www.axon.com/products/axon-signal-sidearm, not sure about adoption numbers though
Here are some thoughts about OOP I had recently, maybe someone here had similar thoughts:

It seems to me that the biggest cause of maintenance problems in object-oriented programming is that it tries to manage global mutable states by partitioning and encapsulating all state into objects.
However, the only way to prevent two unrelated objects from manipulating the same part of the state is to create a strict dependency hierarchy or arborescence[0] between all objects in the system.

This combination of data and code in a strict hierarchy means that all data access patterns are baked into this dependency tree, which makes later, unforeseen changes to the software extremely difficult without taking shortcuts in the dependency tree and thereby destroying the encapsulation, which would destroy the whole point of OOP in the first place.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arborescence_(graph_theory)
> 95% means that if most of the population is vaccinated, the virus will probably disappear.

"Most" (>50%) is likely not enough.

Based on estimates of R0 for SARS-CoV-2, if its 95% effective lifelong immunity, then about 63%-75% need to be vaccinated for herd immunity; that number goes up if the protection is shorter-lived:

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6... (the article provides computed values for a hypothetical 80% effective vaccine, but also provides the basic formula and parameters from which you can calculate at other efficacies.)
This brought a big smile to read, thank you :)
They don't really have an indication of that. The way these trials work is just that they send everyone out to live their lives and check infection rates in the experimental group against the control group, so there's no effective way to dig in deeper to the biomechanics of it. A standardized measurement of immune response could only be done through what's known as a "challenge trial", where participants are deliberately infected with a predetermined dose; some of these are in the works, but none have yet been approved or performed.
I would beware of concluding too much about Wolfram Language's expressiveness from that Rosetta fact. The language is notorious for including the kitchen sink in its standard library, to the extent that many common Rosetta tasks will simply be library calls. Which is all wonderful and practical, but doesn't imply very much about the language design.
High Level Overview of Load Balancing Algorithms
There's more content on these platforms than anyone can view.

Therefore, platforms must make decisions about what to show to users.

In service of growth, platforms often _choose_ content that users are likely to watch and share.

This type of viral content often does not correlate with the truth.

I agree with Obama. Platforms have made editorial choices. Their north star metric is engagement, instead of facts.

I think Facebook/Youtube/Twitter are unlikely to sufficiently self-regulate. We need new regulations governing the spread of misinformation.
But you do have to specify CPU and memory and pay for those for having the database running - even if you're not calling it.

What I'd like is to pay for what I use when calls are being made. Providing an SQL interface as a service, rather than actually running a whole personally copy of a database.
Will address, thanks!
> Leaving it up to local voters makes it sound like it's ok for a police dept to misbehave, eg harass minorities or evade accountability, as long as the majority voters in that city/county are ok with it.

In the extremely unlikely event that a majority are ok with it, yes, that would be correct as far as local laws are concerned. That's what "freedom" means: it means people are free to make mistakes. Note, however, that if the corrupt local cops are violating state or federal law, they're still liable even if a majority of local voters are ok with it. I don't have a problem with, for example, local cops being prosecuted for violating a citizen's Constitutional rights.

However, I strongly doubt that a majority of voters in these localities are actually ok with police corruption. I think they either don't bother voting because they don't think it will make any difference, or don't know about the corruption because they haven't personally experienced the consequences. Even in a large city like, e.g., Chicago, the majority of voters will never have a personal encounter with a city cop.

> going to a couple levels in governance (state or federal) makes total sense given the systematic nature of some of the problems

You're assuming that the state and federal levels of government don't also have systematic problems that would prevent them from fixing corruption. That strikes me as a highly unlikely assumption.
This type of comment is literally on every post about any business on HN :)

Someone was just explaining to me that the reason apple did M1 chips was so they could bake DRAM on to make it hard to upgrade DRAM on the macbook air. Ignore that Apple could have blocked that in a lot of much more inexpensive ways.

If sony wants to prevent legacy glass, they can do a little verifier chip in glass (that they don't actually make BTW) just like HP does with ink cartridges etc. They don't need to design a curved sensor to lock out stuff if they wanted (I don't see why they would care, they sell sensors not glass).
Proposal to install spyware in university libraries to protect copyrights
Nanomedicine comes of age with mRNA vaccines
Per Ray Dalio's "Holy Grail" math, supposedly you'd buy the top 7, 15, or 20 uncorrelated equities from the S&P 500, and capitalization-weight them yourself by hand.
Between extorting small businesses to this, Yelp is a terrible company. The list of unethical things they do is piling up.
Good thing the data isn't comparing Sweden to Spain and Italy, but Sweden 2020 to 2010-2019.

Also, I think there are a lot of problems when conducting comparisons between countries, and it is best to be avoided unless conducted in a extremely rigours way. There are absolutely ways ways in which Sweden is more like Spain or Italy than Denmark or Norway, and it take a through analysis to even attempt a comparison.
Isn't this the exact thing that trademarks were invented to prevent? I don't really get how they are getting away with this.
Unless you're developing explicitly for iPhone, Windows + WSL may be a good option. I used it at work and then also switched my personal ThinkPad from Ubuntu to Windows + WSL2. You get far more hardware configuration options in the high end (including the ability to run CUDA code directly on your laptop if you're so inclined - useful for development)
Hi! Random q, but where could I read more on this specific topic? :)
People who are critical of critical thinking are a threat to our democracy. There is no liberal or conservative thinking to be blamed anymore, that's just a polarized husk of what used to be America frankly, mainly caused by technology oversharing coupled with ignorant people who say stupid shit like you just did without thinking about it more than seeing some stupid visual lie in your head and putting words to it.

Granted, liberal thinkers tend to embrace the tech and the corporations, but that doesn't make them critical thinkers unless they are willing to step back and consider the facts of the situation and how that applies to them. Non-critical thinkers don't realize or care the corporations are the ones to blame here for our current divisive hole - not the government or the faces of the government, and certainly not their fellow neighbors who also do things like buy toilet paper and throw the ball with the kids. I'm not your problem and Obama isn't your problem, but that's just the way you see it because you don't bother to think for yourself and instead latch onto the imagery the divisive right throws up on media (and not news media either).

Anecdotally, I was up in Oregon flying my drone at a lake a few months back. I wasn't wearing a mask and glad to be outside. I saw this guy in his truck and he asked "is that a drone?". I said yes, and asked if he wanted to see the screen on my phone. As I started to approach him I stopped and asked "is it OK, I don't have a mask?" He replied without a beat, "Sure, I don't care! I'm a Republican!"

And that is exactly what is wrong with non-critical thinking. Critical thinking is realizing we are outside and it doesn't matter, probably, between two people talking for a brief moment. But instead, he just believe some stuff someone else who is of a "type" he aligns himself with, and does so without consideration then announces it as if being a Republican gave him some great idea it didn't matter.

That's just stupidity, in my book.
Does CalTech have some institutional advantage driving better quality? I would normally guess that more 'local' factors have bigger effects: personal characteristics, then advisor effects, then department effects, and finally some vanishingly small institutional effect.

(or, more pessimistically, larger universities tend to have disadvantages that individual profs and departments might or might not overcome...)
> I'd wager 99% of people believe copyright laws are a net good.

If asked, a majority might say that (though IMHO nowhere near 99%). Their actions indicate otherwise, however, and a person's beliefs are better judged by their actions than by their words.
> 78 is a year is pretty low for a place like Caltech.

Except that Caltech is pretty small. When I attended, the student body, undergrad and grad, was about 1500. It was smaller than my high school.
No way there is full coverage of the US by June.

There isn’t enough manufacturing capacity for vaccinate the entire US unless the companies decide to ignore the rest of the world.

Pfizer is slated for around 1B doses (500M people treated) next year, or about 10% of the global population.

I would estimate all high risk groups (elderly, front line workers) vaccinated by Q2'21. Then a phased roll out based on risk. If you're a healthy young 25 year old, you'll likely be one of the last to be vaccinated.
> "We can make the RNA by a single process in a single factory. All we have to do is change the sequence of the RNA or DNA."

That's really interesting! Imagine RNA vaccine creation "as a service." Researchers order fully-formed injectable vaccines for animal trials just by submitting a sequence. It would be like AWS for vaccines.