skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
For most viruses whether or not you get sick or become infectious after being exposed to them depends on how strong the exposure was. The amount you need is called the infectious dose.

The infectious dose of COVID is not known, but believed to be somewhere in the several hundred to a thousand viruses range.

An infected person breathing normally near you might expose you to something like 20 or 30 per minute (breath is normally expelled with low force, so it doesn't contain viruses from the lower parts of the respiratory tract). Talking might do around 200 per minute. A cough or sneeze can do millions.

Thus, if I have COVID and go shopping at the same time you do, wearing a mask, and don't cough or sneeze pretty much in your face when we happen to pass each other, you almost certainly are not going to get it from me, and it makes little difference for contact tracers to find you.

It is the people that I spend a few minutes talking face to face to or that I spend a long time near that contact tracers need to find.

Note that it doesn't depend on who you get the viruses from. If a lot of people in the grocery store have it, then even though you might only get a handful of viruses from each person you pass you still might accumulate an infectious dose during your time in the store.

To control it, you need to get the number of infections down enough that people won't be getting it from casual transitory contact, like when grocery shopping, and people need to limit situations that involve more extended contact to times/places where the people they have extended contact with can be identified and traced, and need to limit the frequency of those events so that there is time for contact tracing to work.
What are some of those brands?
Airlines’ New Pricing Strategy: Buy One, Get One Free
From Reactor to Coroutines
I don't hate BTC or cryptocurrencies in the kneejerk way that some here appear to. However, high transaction costs make BTC impractical for actual usage. Lightning network still has issues after all of these years.

BTC maximalists have fallen back on the "store of value" and "digital gold" argument now that the use as a currency hasn't materialized. In my view this is pure speculation. Most discussions around cryptocurrencies revolve around speculation. Debates of the merits of each coin become tribalistic flame wars.

If you build a unique product or service that uses cryptocurrency where other means of payment are impractical, I think you will find people here receptive. Most people are not doing that. They're just promoting a speculative asset that has no use beyond further speculation.

Here's an browser based action RPG I put together a few years ago that utilizes feeless cryptocurrency microtransactions.

https://playerkillers.exchange/
720p or 1080p wireless/wired/PoE IPCamera with FCC-certification has been on the market for a few years, at the price range of 30ish dollars, you can buy IPCamera modules for about $10 from vendors(mainly in China) and reprogram with your firmware as well.

RPI-based camera is great to learn stuff, but to make a product-like devices, there are too many to choose on the market already, cheap and easy and most likely more robust.

Isn't ip-camera a solved problem?
Suppose that Alice is an innocent bystander who has done nothing more than publish some innocent data encrypted with a one-time pad and Bob is a pirate who xors a copyrighted work with Alice's data and publishes it. Or vice versa. Anybody who downloads both of them can xor them together and get the copyrighted work, but only one of them was actually derived from the copyrighted work, and you don't know which one.

There are only three things that can happen next, right? Either you punish both Alice and Bob even though one of them is innocent, or you let them both go even though one of them is guilty, or you punish only one of them arbitrarily and thereby, because they're indistinguishable, have a 50% chance of punishing the innocent person while the guilty one goes free.

Which one of those would you propose the legal system should do in that case, and why?
I applaud your ambition, but i can’t imagine how this would be work. You’re employed full time, you’re in grad school full time, and you’re a new father—- how would you actually have any time to do an internship? How much time you could actually give? How would you be able to concentrate enough to learn the concepts and apply them to actually be a net contributor to the company after a certain amount of time? As someone who who has hired many interns and seen some work out and others not, I don’t see that you’re setup for success- and the type of team that would bring you on in this situation likely wouldn’t be one you would want to learn from.

I don’t know all of your situation, but if I we’re looking at your profile, having an internship as a software engineer would make think you’re more de-risked as a hire than having a grad degree.
ARM has separate instruction variants with and without setting of flags. Normally one uses the flag-less versions, so you don't have this problem.
Not pay taxes is always illegal, but as the sibling poster said, taxes aren't required for the gift.

The state will still probably require the recipient to pay taxes to transfer the title as if you paid full market value. I say probably because it isn't always market value that's required and there is some discretion involved.

The gift exemption is one way in which the wealthy already avoid existing estate taxes.
Hand signals can be used in a pinch.
Why not just provide a list?
Cheaper to prevent pandemics than 'cure' them
What do you mean by "the blockain"?
That fact that it's hard for you to imagine just means your imagination isn't very good

It happens. People leave tech communities because of it. I don't know what else to tell you. I've provided citations to this effect in a bunch of other comments.

It's important to note, though, that people can do or say racist or sexist things without targeting it at someone. That would still impact someone's decision to stay in the community, even if the person who said it didn't mean to offend them.
Australia has recently introduced a “travel bubble” which allows residents of New Zealand to visit without quarantine (albeit with a couple of edge cases). Interestingly, residents of Australia aren’t permitted to travel in the other direction yet.
In tech, it is people who work late who act superior. Early birds have it rather harder as they are seen as leaving early even if they objectively done more work.
That’s my suspicion too!

I don’t think these folks have seen what modern languages do.
This is my biggest gripe with it at the moment as well, it's horribly unresponsive. I think a UI specifically for mobile will have to be made before it's really useful :/
The bank I use has very few branches, from what I can tell. They let me deposit checks by mail or with a smart phone and they refund all of my off-network ATM fees, I guess with the money they're saving by not operating physical branches.
Any have a recommendation for a good FOSS PDF reader for Linux.
Lazygit – simple terminal UI for Git commands
ARMv8 is 8 years old at this point.

RISC-V's 2.2 (final, stable) ISA came out in 2017 and its already fragmented.
> TLC could, in some situations, check whether an uncountably infinite number of program executions

I'd love to see an example of an uncountably infinite number of program executions checked.

The set of all computable values as countable, after all.
It can receive email. See my follow-up here with a working implementation:

https://github.com/clopen/xpath-receive-email

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24960548
FTFY with the following statement of alternative fact:

the Streisand Effect is fake news.
Or maybe he's a writer and not a technology nerd?

Maybe a word processor is just a tool and if it's useful and gets the job done, no matter how "outdated" everyone else things it is, why bother to change?

I would argue that perhaps he wants to focus on writing and not perpetually learning new tech but lately writing seems to be lower on his priorities. Glad I never got sucked up into the books - as good as they are; it's pretty apparent he really doesn't want to finish them which is a shame.
Even with a vaccine, I'd expect the world to be different than a year ago. There will be long-term changes. Much of Asia went through such changes after SARS, so the world has experience with this.

But we can get to something very close to normal, with differences from before. More mask-wearing, more government powers to do contact tracing, more health checks on borders and other travel limitations, more remote work, etc. So it might not be the same "normal" as before, and some of those things will be unpleasant, but we can live with them (and some will have other benefits, like remote work and a decrease in flights will help against climate change).

And specifically I think you're downplaying a vaccine. Even a 70% effective one would make a huge difference in how the virus spreads, potentially decreasing R below 1 even in Europe and the US and other hard-hit areas.
Algorithms and Data Structures implemented in and explained with JavaScript
What measures are getting rid of it permanently? Until there is a vaccine, herd immunity is the only path. We won’t rid ourselves completely and it will keep coming back.
If you emerge from lockdown, won't that result in increase of rate of cases?
> This paper nicely settles a debate between those [researchers] willing to accept that non-neuronal organisms are also capable of processing information and acting on that information, and those that stick to the idea that only neuronal organisms are capable of complex decision making,” Madeleine Beekman ... writes ....

I don't know who Dr. Beekman has been debating with, but, at best, this has only been a debate of semantics for at least 50 years.

Here is an excerpt from a review titled Bacterial Microprocessing (Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1990;55:539-45. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1990.055.01.052.). The review is from 1990, but the work goes back at least to the late 1960s.

To someone trying to understand the brain, the bacterium Escherichia coli must be an awesome beast. Its talents are legion, but its size is miniscule. E. coli is a cylindrical organism less than 1 μm in diameter by 2/μm long--20 would fit end-to-end in a single rod cell of
the human retina or some 3000 in that of a frog. Yet, it is adept at counting molecules of specific sugars, amino acids, or dipeptides; at integration of similar or dissimilar sensory inputs over space and time; at comparing counts taken over the recent and the not so recent past; at triggering an all-or-nothing response; at swimming in a viscous medium; and as we shall see, even at pattern formation.

At the 53rd Symposium, I presented an overview of sensory transduction in bacterial chemotaxis (Berg 1988), describing the kinds of measurements that E. coli makes on its surroundings and noting how this strategy matches the physical constraints imposed by
small size in an aqueous environment (i.e., by life at low Reynolds number; see Purcell 1977). I will restate that case briefly, comment on progress made in the field
during the past 2 years, and mention some of the work going on in my own laboratory.
C really did screw things up by just refusing to address overflow in any form, didn't it
It says there's a Telegram group, but there's no link to the Telegram group.
I love how you can produce statistics about survival rate but not disability rate. Because surprise, you don’t have a clue
Terramach: GUI framework built with Skia in Rust
> JSC [...] a forward interpreter that uses a simplified octagon domain to prove integer ranges

Off-topic, but could you point me to more details on this? Someone (else?) recently mentioned octagon analysis in JSC in a HN thread. I grepped through the sources at the time but didn't find any indication that it exists. At least not under the name "octagon".
I think you get more gain if you lower amount of hours per day rather then skip a day. Skipping a day is more comfortable for people who want free day.
Wow, does this mean I can download YouTube videos and watch them without ads? That would be life changing.
>this will initiate the potential collapse of their service

I, for one, heard a few too many times "this was the last straw" for every single privacy breach that happened in the past decade and resulted in no meaningful change for the better, so I find it hard to take this kind of statements seriously anymore. Is there any kind of basis that you'd like to provide for your speculation?
By being the most popular FLOSS OS kernel available, you can be confident that it will be supported for a long time on a multitude of devices independently of manufacturer, provider or vendor. Mainly freedom from planned or non-intentional obsolescence.
They tried - it was a slow, ungainly disaster. Yes, it took more to master WP5.1 in character mode, but once you did nothing was faster.
It’ll get YoU in particular in 10 years cause you won’t get vaccinated
the dmca's were a result of 'intent' which the law is more than willing to enforce imaginary IP laws. this becomes an eternal cat and mouse game where the foss community will tend to lose against these leeches.
The problem is more where do you draw the line with that protection. What kind of risk warrants you getting special round the clock police presence? What if a criminal leader is having problems with another gang who keeps putting hits out on him? Maybe he had multiple attempts made on his life already. Should he also get protection? Or would he not count because of his criminal history?

If anything what should be happening here is the insurance company who is paying her should be helping protect her. Otherwise why wouldn't she just drop the client? If it is unsafe for her she may as well just cave in and drop that high risk client. I don't see how her career had to end because she couldn't drop a single client.

The insurance companies also could have put pressure on the prosecutors to go after these criminals. What I find interesting is that in the story we heard nothing from the insurance companies despite them being the main one going head-to-head against these guys.

In my city in Ontario our police department is already underfunded and has less officers per 100 000 people than most other departments in Ontario. And because of the BLM movement one of their proposed budgets would end up forcing them to cut 216 officers. Unfortunately people want to ask for things like these 24/7 protections but then they are unwilling to properly fund the police and instead look to defund them. A lot of police services in Ontario are understaffed and can barely keep up with 911 calls for service, how do you expect them to protect someone 24/7 for who knows how long when they can barely keep up with normal 911 calls?
Writing performant parallel Python code
A given piece of technology is a tool, not a cult. My biggest red flag for bitcoin is the obsessive behavior of the people who are into it. You said it yourself in your reply- you hear arguments against it but just “can’t grasp” them, and then try to denigrate the people saying them by comparing them to an elderly relative.

Here’s some reasons I’m not into bitcoin:

- environmental impact, as stated by another commentator.

- lack of anonymity. Every transaction is public, as demonstrated by some large transactions hitting the front page of hacker news

- wild speculation about value making it into a pyramid scheme. I have multiple friends who “got rich” because they got in early. That’s not how people think of normal currencies.

- difficulty of use. You can’t hand some bitcoin over to a snack seller on the street and get a snack. Most people use exchanges with fees, transactions take time to get verified, and the barrier to entry at all is high. Screw it up, maybe lose all your money.

- shadiness. How many exchanges have gone under? Enough.

- “put it on the blockchain.” Omfg there are so many companies just “putting it on the blockchain” for what, to look hotnenough to get funding? I don’t know. Medical records, voting, none of that should be public. But people have a shiny new hammer and now they only see nails.

I do think it’s a great experiment, and a lot of the concepts are super cool. I don’t think bitcoin in its current incarnation is interesting in and of itself.

Edit to add: old people can solid technologists and smart, too. Young people can be idiots. Not all techies are guys. I’d trust the opinion of someone who’s seen more things come and go.
I'd not heard of it, but then I started seeing references to it everywhere. I believe this is the Baader-Meinhof-Streisand effect.
WordTsar: A Wordstar Clone
Fusing that would be very difficult, since it's hard to write that many registers with a single op, and I don't think they recommend it. This does mean signed overflow checking will be comparatively expensive. But thanks for the reference, I agree this is a weak point :).
Handling the heat – what it takes to run an independent restaurant in 2020
I wouldn't expect this to be obscure information, but JS uses ropes for strings as a default: https://accidentallyquadratic.tumblr.com/post/142387131042/n...
Uber and Lyft only really worked because they had billions in funding. They could pay lawyers and millions in fees outfighting the taxi industry. In some countries the Taxi mafia did succeed in outing Uber and Lyft, in some places Uber had such force that they eventually won once someone else got elected.

I didn’t quite realize why Uber needed gazillions of dollars, but once a friend told me a significant of their expenses were legal/permit related expenses, that made sense. They had so much money, they could keep on paying fines and keep on growing.

I’m glad the Silicon Valley complex is able to churn out Ubers and AirBnBs every now and then. Although they create other second order problems, it’s good to see customers have more choice.
Milton Friedman: Lesson of the Pencil
i seem to recall that a tap under 5mph is not considered an accident in many (most?) jurisdictions. in any case, that's what bumpers quite literally are for (tested & certified for <5mph bumps), so the claim should be a warranty claim to their auto manufacturer, not an insurance claim.

moreover, most (all?) insurance creates perverse incentives (see: healthcare) unless strictly and carefully defined (which is likely never, since the incentive is to rope in as many policyholders as possible).
Hours to Results: The Story Behind California’s Covid-19 Model
Thumb is very useful in things like microwaves where using less memory save the manufacturer a little money.

You do have different chips with different instructions but in a very regularized way. An ARM v8.2-A chip is going to have the same instructions whether it's made by ARM, Samsung, or Apple. And when v9 comes out they'll have NEON's SVE replacement everywhere and you'll be able to use the same code regardless of whether the SIMD width is 128 bits or 512.
Dissecting an online scam: the literary scout impersonator
I have an old Macbook Pro 2011. It stopped receiving updates from Apple. I actually did try installing the patched Catalina...but it is practically unusable due to system requirements.

Installed Linux Mint 18 XFCE a while ago and recently upgraded to 20. Now it runs really well: I can watch YouTube, run VS Code, compile stuff, do some basic statistical analyses, etc.

If it weren't for Linux, this machine would end up as waste and I would have to buy something new.
The “sealed system volume” thing is interesting, I assume the point of it being a snapshot is to be able to change out the OS atomically while it is running.
I didn’t call it octagon when I wrote it because I didn’t know that I reinvented a shitty/awesome version (shitty because it misses optimization opportunities, awesome because by missing them it converges super fast while still nailing the hard bits).

Look at DFGIntegerRangeOptimizationPhase.cpp
macOS/iOS is based on a hybrid of the Mach kernel and the BSD kernel:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XNU

And Mach too is available under BSD-like terms.
The (unfinalized) bitmanip extension has single-op rotates.
Word has nothing like it. Word has a filtered view of codes.

WP laid it all bare. Every code and nuance was presented. Nothing was filtered or interpreted. I recovered many a screwed up document that you would just have to redo in Word if it ever got into such a state.

I still miss a real reveal codes in Word.

There was a public outcry for it back in the day and a snotty response from a Microsoft PM - wish I could remember enough details to see if I could find it but I'm convinced MS never really delivered a true reveal codes purely out of spite.
Started to really like discord. Feels a bit more like a community compared to Slack I would say
PWAs are extremely user friendly in one dimension: they frequently take 1-2 orders of magnitude less space. This is very relevant for low end devices, and has been one of their biggest selling pints since inception.
Well you don't need to optimize for productivity, you can optimize for enjoyment, stress-levels, ability to do admin.
And presumably on Tuesday you would have the energy to do something fun with your kids.

Also, huge numbers of people have to work at the weekends. From highly-paid doctors to fast-food employees. Presumably their kids understand.
Germany was the one country in Europe that did have fairly decent testing infrastructure in place during the spring outbreaks, though. So that doesn't apply so much to them as it does to other European countries. It wasn't quite as good as it is now - looking at the RKI's stats, they did over 400,000 tests in the week at the end of March when test positivity hit its spring peak, compared to over 1.2 million the last few weeks - but they didn't have the massive ramp-up in testing that most other European countries did.

Speaking of test positivity, their all-time high is 9% and the most recent week for which information is available isn't that far off that at 5.6%, and I think that number's effectively a week old at this point. All indications are that Germany really, genuinely does have a bigger outbreak this time around.
Measles is still out there, it has not been eliminated, there are cases in Africa and South America https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/globalmeaslesoutbre...

Yet we don’t really worry about it in the US: people are (mostly) vaccinated, and getting a visa to enter the country requires vaccination.

Covid might be similar, except given anti vaccine sentiment the US, Australia might have to throw the US on the list alongside Brazil, Nigeria, and the Congo.
Trudeau's flip flop is an example of what I'm talking about, so i don't understand your use of the word "but" in the first sentence. Once in power, a party is interested in maintaining that power. Since the current system got them into power, they are unlikely to be interested in reforming it (other than with a system that would solidify it more).

I don't live in BC anymore, so hadn't realized that there had been another vote in 2018. That is disappointing.
Yeah it is honestly frsutrating for me too. I did a bit of work to figure out how feasible it is to get MMS to work (all of the pieces are there, but the actual framework to get it to work with Chatty is missing).

I really wish Pine64 would step in to help with these sort of base issues, or have a bug bounty for it.
I feel it. It's only been 8 years for me. I hate my job, mostly for the types of reasons you stated. I try to ignore it because I need the money to support my family.
A true original: John Nettleship and the roots of Severus Snape (2012)
> To use anything based in China will only cause more oppresion.

How? It's not like China has the greatest respect for intellectual property.
How can you act superior if the early-birds have already left?

In contrast, early-birds act superior while you are there.