skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Aaronson is using a slightly less common definition of soundness (arithmetical soundness) than the usual one you'll see. Usually we talk about the soundness of entire logical systems (e.g. the soundness of first-order logic) rather than particular theories within that system.

Here arithmetical soundness is tightly coupled to the idea of Godel encodings of theorems and proofs. That is a system like ZFC does not have a direct notion of theorems and proofs. Instead a statement such as `Con(ZFC)` is actually a statement about the (non-)existence of a certain natural number fulfilling certain conditions. More specifically `Con(F)` is usually a statement stating that the natural number corresponding to a Godel encoding of a proof of a clearly contradictory statement (e.g. `1 = 0`) does not exist, whereas `Not(Con(F))` is a statement that such a Godel encoding does exist (which usually makes `Not(Con(F))` the more fundamental statement of the two and `Con(F)` is really `Not(Incon(F))` but I digress).

Arithmetical soundness requires the notion of "standard natural numbers." In particular, as stated elsewhere in this thread, first-order Peano Arithmetic can be satisfied by many different models, only one of which we designate as our familiar "standard natural numbers."

Arithmetical soundness then is the property that natural numbers which satisfy the conditions of these statements encoded via Godel encodings are all standard natural numbers. So for example `Not(Con(F))` corresponds to a statement about the existence of a natural number. If `F` is "truly" consistent then `Not(Con(F))` can only be satisfied by a non-standard natural number. On the other hand if `F` is "truly" inconsistent then `Not(Con(F))` can be satisfied by a standard natural number.

You've noticed that I've put the word "truly" in quote marks. This is for two reasons:

1. The usual way to rigorously define "truly" is to appeal to some standard model. Hence the arrow of definition should be going the other way; the concept of a standard natural number that underlies arithmetical soundness is what lets talk about "true" consistency.

2. Whether it makes sense to talk about "the" standard model of a given theory or whether there are multiple possible standard models becomes a matter of philosophy. The former position corresponds to essentially a version of Platonism. The latter position is what is often known as the "multiverse" theory of mathematical logic. Through the philosophical viewpoint of the latter, we can never say absolutely whether a given theory is arithmetically unsound or not, only that it is arithmetically unsound relative to a given model of the natural numbers.
The Greeks called water “the ultimate solution”, because it could dissolve just about anything, given enough time. It is the original solvent.

Or do we need to restart that program to ban all use of the horrible dihydrogen oxide solvent that pollutes over 70% of the surface of the world? ;)
I'd argue that being a greeter at Walmart, or in general a human interaction role is exactly the role for people in an automation future. The greeter at Walmart tomorrow may also be responsible of a fleet of robots that perform cleaning duties or stock monitoring.

Home and elder care may employ a lot of people in future that are assisted by robots.
All sorts of edge cases here to handle. Its not just a bald head.

What happens if there are multiple balls? What happens if the ball is redesigned with a different pattern? What happens if someone wears a shirt with a picture of a ball?

Does it make sense to center the camera on the ball? Does it make sense to also show where the ball can go?

I wonder how it's handled by people currently? I suppose it can be handled with more training data/labelling instead of custom coding.

We are looking are replacing the camera person job with AI just as we replaced other people's jobs with programming earlier and just as we replaced other people's jobs with AI more recently.
Because the platform conventions are different.

Think of it this way: if you have a system full of apps that conform to platform conventions, then you only need to learn the platform conventions and you’re suddenly more or less an expert in every new app you encounter.

If you need to learn every. single. apps. stupid rules and UI all over again, then sure, you can transfer skills in that one app over to another platform, but that’s it. You want an email app? Good luck learning every keyboard shortcut and ridiculous UI decision all over again.

Let’s just say this paradigm shift has not been driven by people with OCD (or good taste, for that matter).
> The committee thinks/thought that the Fraktur letters aren’t just a different way to write letters, but symbols with a different meaning, just as ℂ, ℕ, and ℝ aren’t a different way to write C, N and R.

As to the mathematical uses, this thought is correct. Niche, obviously, but Unicode has no trouble with niche characters.

It's hard to justify the full alphabet on those lines, though.
I have also seen

- ℙ used to denote a probability distribution

- 𝔼[X] as the expected value of a random variable X

- 𝟙_S as an indicator function for a set S (which is denoted as a subscript)

- 𝕕 as the differential and integral operator denouncing which variable to integrate over 𝕕f/𝕕x f(x) or ∫ f(x) 𝕕x
> one can totally implement NAT for IPv6, and in fact people have

Please don't say things like this out loud!

The purpose of IPv6 was to eliminate the need for filthy hacks like NAT.

NAT does nothing for privacy, not in theory, not in practice.

Everyone trying to get at your private information has figured out hundreds and hundreds of methods for tracking you. Single pixel images. Browser fingerprinting. Hardware fingerprinting. Mouse movement patterns. You name it, they're doing it.

They're not at all slowed down by NAT, but the Internet is harmed by it.

Stop giving advice like this.
I don't see a reason why China would prefer Trump to lose. What Trump was doing for sure made China uncomfortable in short term. But in the long run, it would benefit China a lot as he was forcing China to do something it deemed unnecessary or uneconomically in the past and thus depended on external sources. He did in fact helped China to recognize its weaknesses and forced it taking action to rectify them. Once the painful process is finished, then what?
I’ll upvote that
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxFQYw_MmAA
> why stop there? The example that comes to mind is "Courier 12pt is the only font ever for screenplays". It's required to convey a screenplay, to my mind, like using Fraktur is required in the math space.

The screenplay is still being written in letters. Mathematical ℝ is more accurately thought of as an ideogram than a letter. If you were to write "let r be a member of ℝ", the "ℝ" would be structurally parallel to the full word "member", not to the "r" within it.

Courier for screenplays is a choice you make at the document level; blackboard bold for mathematical entities is not. ℝ is always ℝ no matter what styles apply to your document.
I love that there's a Winamp with playable music. Such a joy.
China is the epicenter of the worst pandemic in decades and does a terrible job in preventing it from spreading to other countries. Now China is trying to put senile, weak, and easy to manipulate Biden in the white house. There is unrest and suffering in most democracies for something that came out from a communist authoritarian regime. I hope the next US president imposes more economic sanctions on China, and I doubt Joe, who hasn't impose any sanctions in his 47-year political career, can get it done.

Can someone explain why this post is flagged but not this one: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24957094. Is HN leaning left?
This is why Apple should be forced to allow multiple web browser rendering engines on iPhone. Cause they're so damn anti-competitive and being forced to develop for Safari makes developing web apps horrible
A human being is spirit. But what is spirit? Spirit is the self. But what is the self? The self is a relation that relates itself to itself or is the relation's relating itself to itself in the relation; the self is not the relation but is the relation's relating itself to itself. A human being is a synthesis of the infinite and the finite, of the temporal and the eternal, of freedom and necessity, in short, a synthesis. A synthesis is a relation between two. Considered in this way a human being is still not a self. In the relation between two, the relation is the third as a negative unity, and the two relate to the relation and in the relation to the relation; thus under the qualification of the psychical the relation between the psychical and the physical is a relation. If, however, the relation relates itself to itself, this relation is the positive third, and this is the self. -Søren Kierkegaard, "The Sickness Unto Death"
I went to the linked page. It doesn't have zero cases. Maybe it's just the classic case of reading the data before the data is in?
I wonder what the properties are of a gig that permits mafiafication. I think it helps to have ties to the police, some sort of notion in the public's eye that you're legalish, and perhaps be able to use an army of foot soldiers as a human shield.

I think if I were in organized crime, a good one would be privatizing parking enforcement of city spaces and then being in charge of meter maids. But it can't be a single organization in charge of meter maids because then it's too obvious. You need it to look diffuse, through a network of companies.

Oh, I think body shops are a good one, but auto glass companies too. You could just stage some break-ins that just vandalize car glass. People will blame the guy whose glass was broken (why did you park there, was your car empty, blah blah). You're just a glass repair shop so everyone sees you as the good guy. And no one will see that your network of auto glass companies is actually controlled by you.

Yeah, auto glass companies in cities are a tremendous opportunity for mafiafication. If they aren't already.
You may want to install/configure xcompmgr -cCfF -r7 -o.65 -l-10 -t-8 -D7 for rendering good looking fonts in Linux;
Paw is a far better app than Postman, on a Mac, for no other reason than it is native and behaves as you would expect.
The U.S. is filled with blind exceptionalism and narcissism compounded with social media and propaganda running rampant along with oligarchs who care about little else than money. This election hopefully provides a temporary relief, but there are seriously deep problems at hand.
The solution in Python is to create a sentinel value/object. You can even call it undefined: `undefined = object()`. `None is undefined` ==> false
Ah, OK. I don't really find that too compelling, to be honest - what's your NAT buying you if you don't have many users to mix your traffic with?

I live alone and as far as I can see, all my NAT does for my privacy is a smidgen of plausible deniability (maybe a visitor on my guest wifi made that request), and that you can't tell which of my devices I'm using when I access a particular service - which is a small privacy win, but not a meaningful one in my book. Even for what I imagine is the common case of a family sharing one router, I'd guess it's usually not challenging to distinguish traffic between the relatively small number of potential users/devices.

If you're lucky(?) enough to be behind a NAT with enough hosts to be meaningful privacy-wise (dozens? hundreds?), and whoever's running this NAT isn't keeping logs about it (do they? honestly don't know), then you might be seeing a significant privacy upside. But it's not built-in to the protocol, and just adding a NAT doesn't buy you any privacy by itself.

I think the problem is that the privacy enhancing part of NAT is an emergent side-effect, not the main goal. Now it's got me thinking there should be something like NAT but explicitly targeted to privacy, like guaranteeing that your traffic is mixed through an IP that minimum a hundred other people are using. Or something like that.
If you like the Win10 look, dash to panel [1] for Gnome can be almost indistinguishable if you change a few settings.

[1] https://github.com/home-sweet-gnome/dash-to-panel
Indian diaspora is running an Organized mafia in USA https://www.petition2congress.com/20324/expel-indian-america...
If it were so easy, why is Postman pure garbage compared to Paw on mac?
I really like the focus of reducing friction to create notes and review them. I especially like that it was done within vs code, which saves users from having to run yet another piece of software on their machines. This project should allow for a streamlined workflow for users.

A month or so ago I wanted to brush up on golang and decided to solve this same problem for myself. This lead to the creation of ancli, a CLI program that scrapes a notes directory and turns tagged notes into cards, using some of the same markdown syntax flash code uses.

My goal with this project is to support spaced repetition, but I got side tracked and the SM2 algo still needs some work.

Both ancli and flashcode seem to be solving the same problem in slightly different ways, so I wanted to share.

gitHub.com/andscoop/ancli
She's Bursting Big Tech's Bubble
Spicy Village Snacks Masala Vada Prepared by Village Girl Village Foods
Blockchains does not require append-only. There are pruning techniques like Automatic Transaction Rebroadcasting coming out on high-throughput blockchains like Saito:

https://youtu.be/agppUdX9YvI?t=65

These techniques will eventually get ported over to Bitcoin or whatever survives long-enough to need it. We'll get 20, 50 and 100-year rebroadcasting chains. Fees will be higher if the data needs to be stored longer. Spectrum of uses from investment to cash with different degrees of value-persistence.
Oh, sure, if it's about the Phaistos stuff - it sounds reasonable to have them in Unicode to me but much more importantly, I'm oversimplifying/butchering/misremembering whatever the actual Unicode rules are. You're better off just assuming I'm wrong about their details in important ways.
Of all the Windows GUI frameworks WinForm has to be the easiest to develop for, for the majority of developers.

Sure writing large apps is not going to be straight forward, but WinForms is super simple to get started with.
When we say 0 cases we usually mean 0 locally acquired cases. We’re worried about community transmission rather than international travellers.

If someone enters the country they’re quarantined in a hotel room for 14 days. If someone tests positive during that quarantine period we report it, but count it separately.
Amount of caffeine in regular coffee: ~100mg per cup.

Caffeine LD50: 150-200 mg/kg (according to Wikipedia).

Maximum allowed amount of methylene chloride in beverages, the dreadful paint thinner, according to the link above: 10 ppm, or about 2 mg per cup.

Methylene chloride LD50: 1.25 g/kg (again, according to Wikipedia).

I.e., you will literally die of caffeine poisoning long before the paint thinner gets you.
Probably not the whole post, just the uncommon characters. A few days ago HN deleted several characters from my comment immediately upon posting.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24851415
My goto test: Does it crash my virtual machine?

Some of the most basic websites trigger a serious (and still unresolved after years...) bug where the rendering stutters to a halt until virt-manager and all my VM windows crash. Just basic landing pages with weird animated backgrounds, etc. Nothing rich.

This app? It works almost flawlessly with little jank and doesn't even stress my browser. And it has a much richer UX!
> 6 new cases today (+5)*, 9 yesterday (+5)

Title doesn't seem to match data.
I think the full adoption of different alphabet styles as independent unicode glyphs is, overall, a conceptual mistake.

But, note that the identical process, much earlier, is how we got separate capital and lowercase forms. Writing systems never do that when they're developed.
One of the unintended consequences of cannabis legalisation is encouraging criminals moving on to a non-drug related enterprise and take their old methods with them. Not that I think progressive drug reform is a bad idea, but they clearly oversold the idea that legalising a few substances would reduce crime when it's the economic incentive that drives people to break the law.
I No Longer Tell My Friends about Anki/SuperMemo
Me too. I thought this post is related to Windows network programming.
I don't think there's much call for fullwidth Latin characters for that purpose. Ordinary use means typing with whatever your input method gives you. This is generally not fullwidth characters.

A clean grid would be desirable in formal use, but formal use means trying to avoid Latin characters as much as possible. It's generally possible. Plaques and the like are much more likely to say e.g. 二〇二〇年 than to say 2020年.
Thinking one step further: Can a galaxy escape from a cluster?
That was the fill in the blank answer I was hinting at. They don’t have a better prospect, and that they can only choose from a weaker or more complicated/risky set of options after losing their current job
Use guesswork parsing, get egregious bugs. The most popular and probably the most useful guesswork parser is the 'file' utility. When it was used as part of a printing pipeline it caused the hilarious "OpenOffice doesn't print on Tuesdays" bug.
I mean, that grift extends all the way to your PM and political dividing lines are preventing it from being properly investigated.

This is a great shame.
Actually, there was a considerable physical penalty. Uber ran into old-school taxi corruption and violence all around the world.

- South Korea [1]

- France [2]

- Kenya [3]

- Malaysia [4]

- South Africa [5]

- Mexico [6]

- Brazil [7]

- Indonesia [8]

- ...and I could go on.

[1]: https://www.vice.com/en/article/qvyzn5/south-korea-uber-kaka...

[2]: https://www.stripes.com/travelers-caught-in-cross-fire-as-fr...

[3]: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/23/uber-taxi-set-...

[4]: https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/06/22...

[5]: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/08/violence-erupt...

[6]: https://time.com/3915705/uber-mexico-dispute/

[7]: https://techcrunch.com/2015/10/01/the-fight-against-uber-is-...

[8]: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/23/world/asia/indonesia-jaka...

(Disclosure: I am a former Uber employee.)
Did they though? I'm not a follower of second-tier Scottish football, but were their games normally televised before this? This seems to be a COVID thing, as fans can't attend matches at the moment.
For sure you wouldn’t actually commit this, but it’s for sure interesting to do the mental gymnastics to understand it.
What about gifts? Can people gift other people things?

If we forbid gifts, because they're an obvious transfer of wealth, what about financial transactions that favour one party? Should it be legal for a rich parent to sell their car to their offspring for below market value? How much below market value?

As you can see, none of this makes any sense to me. I believe people would get around whatever restrictions you put in place rather easily.
There's an Indian movie based on this perspective . Rang De Basanti
We'd probably be using PostScript and maybe later XPS. Word never had a print-oriented format with exact layout.
> (also why is that a a character?)

It's in Unicode because it's a hieroglyph. Now why is it a hieroglyph I think you would need to ask ancient Egyptians.
Because writing libelous posts about a powerful, wealthy, politically connected lawyer is a smart thing to be doing with your time online...

You're talking about the third largest corporate donor to Hillary's 2016 campaign. Have a sense of self-preservation.
Having worked with a few container systems, and ported apps between them, I’d say Docker based images with 12 factor app patterns make porting very strait forward. It was a great intro to container systems, my first I think. K8s was last for pro, Docker Swarm for amateur.
Hey, Jeff Bezos' article was pretty good.
BTC limitation of SegWit/LN stole the Bitcoin brand name and the decade long Plan-B narrative from BCH's block upgrade, Schnorr signature, 0-conf(without Replace-By-Fee).

Bitcoin Cash market cap of ~$4.8B is good enough for it to be used as P2P Electronic Cash System that Bitcoin was built for.
I'm not seeing many parallels in the US Oath of Allegiance myself. Is there more than https://www.uscis.gov/citizenship/learn-about-citizenship/th... ?
Sunshine laws or the equivalent are the start. Without data on the problem it is easy for criminals to stay under the radar, or for the public to know if it is really a problem. A number of states have towing laws that require reporting any towed vehicle to the state within an hour. If a car is towed without being reported, in theory it is theft, or could lead to the business license or drivers license or insurance being revoked if enough people complain. And the second part is going after the money. The tow company can't legally charge anything if they didn't report the tow and follow the law. They can be sued for 3x the cost of the tow and any other out of pocket costs, and attorneys fees, so it is worth it for attorneys to take these cases on instead of small claims, and just a few of these to make this scheme more expensive than doing things the right way
This is the first time I felt that the title "Everything you need to know about..." actually was correct. I learned something and the text contained everything I ever might ever need to know about windsocks.
I agree that navigating the ambiguity between different categories requires thinking meta. Where I disagree is the need to drop semantics. Semantics are the foundation of how we organize our society. Perhaps on a small-scale or a personal level, dropping categories can be helpful, even freeing. For that to be done universally would be a disaster. I can see that being possible in the future, after large-scale social change, but not currently. The bulk of modern political discourse is effectively arguments over definitions of various categories and the membership of their constituencies.

Even something as minor as the category of a tomato, would matter very much to a tomato farmer when, hypothetically, all vegetable farms qualify for a higher level of government subsidies than fruit farms. Or to a retailer when, again hypothetically, fruits and vegetables are charged different sales tax rates.
Love a 5k chair. Design is cool, but uh, apparently it’s something only rich people can dabble in
Unfortunately, Sciter is not opensource. Qt and wxWidgets are.
Great points, thank you
Getting blocked from a repo does that too? I figured it just made the repo read-only in terms of PRs and issues.
cool - they fixed it
In case you enjoy the technical pedantry: UTF-8 is "just" an encoding scheme to represent the characters defined in the Unicode standard. There are other schemes in the standard (like UTF-16 or UCS-4).

Your issue here is with the characters and their representation, not with the specific encoding. Hence, what you wanted to say is: "Unicode is weird" ;)
I never thought of printing filament, this would be a perfect replacement for a prime tower so it's not all wasted.
Kurzesagt has an interesting video on life on rogue planets, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7CkdB5z9PY.