skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Distributed binary packages (.deb, .rpm), are just a compressed file "like" a tar.gz with a little bit of metadata too.

> What’s the structure behind: usr/, bin/ etc/ lib/ and moving those to usr/local

A brief resume of the filesystem structure purposes is documented in "man hier" in any non stripped down linux (or online).

When you compile source code to binary format, there is a default PREFIX (i.e. /usr). So libraries will be installed to /usr/lib and binaries to /usr/bin...

Build systems, let you change such PREFIX, so you can build a program telling it to live under /usr/local, or any other root directory like /opt/myprog-version...

Then. if you build another program, that depends on the libraries of the previous program, you may need to tell where to locate such libraries if they are not in the default place, each program build flags may vary, but for example in ruby you can pass it to ./configure --with-openssl-dir=/opt/myopenssl-X.Y
I wouldn't recommend making tea out of most herbs, including uncontroversial staples like basil and oregano. Doesn't mean they don't add useful flavors in the right dishes.
Do you forsee a circumstance where forthrightly saying "The state of the world is X" implies "The state of the world is X but I don't believe it"? That seems like a difficult state of mind to achieve.

I'd buy that there are subcultures where prefixing "I think..." is a gesture of respect. But the CoC's I'm familiar with generality don't demand that the speaker aligns with a specific culture. Often they encourage accepting multiple cultures.

Indeed, I'll go as far as saying that a big part of conferences is encouraging different subcultures to listen to each other.
The concept of a reducer isn’t the hard part of Redux... it’s designing your state, organizing actions/reducers/selectors, reducing (no pun intended...) boilerplate, dealing with side effects and asynchrony, etc.
In the beginning there was 2 of them, but none of them (or both together) had the courage to try. Then they tried to recruit number 3. Number 3 was courageous and dumb. Snapped his pinky, no words spoken. None of them tried again for years. Was 13 at the time. Cancel culture is a tool for weak people
Just a quick thought: If you just average the surrounding pixels, you could possibly still add occasional pixels to skew the average and create a different image, though that may be much more noticeable.
Off topic.
This website blocks me as I try to access from Germany, because they don’t want to comply with the GDPR.
To me this equal as saying that, as a website, you don’t care about my privacy at all, and therefore disqualifies you in all regards. No matter what you’ll write and say, you’re running a website that has no clue or does not care about protecting user privacy.
Max Pooling could also be targeted extremely easily with this technique, and it is immensely popular as a scale reduction technique in convolutional neural networks. So, yes, it could very well be a relevant and non-trivial attack in the context of 'dataset poisoning'. (it would also be relatively easy to defend against; just don't use max-pooling in the first layer -- but the point is this is a steganographic attack).
And it does, of course, very frequently. The US Court system's problem is not a matter of discovering such frauds and wrongdoing, and in some fields it's almost impossible to get away with this sort of conduct, but overall, there's little avenues of redress. Civil litigation is obviously the biggest area and the best positioned to both catch and remedy the fraud. Some criminal proceedings have similar robust checks, but that is really only on one side - the defense's side. Prosecutors are immune and protections like Batson (racially motivated jury selections justified under pretextual justifications that later are found unreasonable) or Brady (prosecutors hiding evidence favorable to the defense or misrepresenting its existence at all) exist but there's not real accountability outside of personal shame and possibly getting a conviction vacated. Administrative courts are overwhwlemingly immigration courts where the nature of the proceedings ensure that the aggrieved party pretty much is ensured to be unavailable in the legal sense to challenge most of the cases.

There's a lot of fraud, waste,a abuse, or other chicanery in the courts and luckily in my experience they're never simply kept hidden without anyone noticing. The problem is always redressability. So much of the system requires discretionary rulings but the laws that dictate how we handle misconduct is heavily skewed in favor of the state if they ar a party and fails to take into account the urgency in resolving these cases that very often it becomes obvious that there's fraud, yes, but there's no redressability, and therefore there's no real punishment.

A particularly egregious case of falsifying evidence and using prtextual reasons to elicit false testimony and racially-based jury selections is the US v. Flowers case in the Supreme Court last term. There's a podcast on it, but the decision itself is... excoriating to say the least as to how far and how egregious the conduct was to try to execute an innocent man. It's discovered all right, but there's no punishment. So courts can and do definitely figure out fraud pretty readily, but when it comes to doing anything about it, victims not on the side of the state frequently find it cold comfort.
From caca labs, the producers of libcaca.

you can also play videos with it:

-vo=caca on mpv or mplayer

You really can't make this up...
Most CoCs state that discrimination based on religion is not acceptable, but don't mention political belief.

Both are opinions, and I honestly don't see why one would be bigotry, but not the other. Hence the only thing I conclude is that CoCs are actually about politics, but framed in a very nice way, pretending to be based on empathy and inclusion, making them very hard to object to.
This also means there’s less value in stealing your iPhone 12 for parts...
This is very vague. Can you give some examples?
Wow. Stack Exchange is a curious case study.

I share the general HN sentiment over microservices complexity but just to play devil's advocate...

I suspect that server cost in this case is asymptotic. If the (monetary) cost of SE's architecture is F(n) and your typical K8s cluster is G(n), where n is number of users or requests per second, F(n) < G(n) only for very large values of n. As in very large.

In essence, the devil's advocate point I'm making is that maybe development converges towards microservices because cloud providers make this option cheaper than traditional servers. We would gladly stay with our monoliths otherwise.

I tried to contrive a usage scenario to illustrate this but you know the problem with hypotheticals. And without even a concrete problem domain to theorize on, I can't even ballpark estimate compute requirements. Would love to see someone else's analysis, if anyone can come up with one.
Not Google per se, Ad Words team rescued the project from closing down as they had a major effort to port from GWT to Dart 1.0.

Ad Words is what keeps Flutter alive.
In general I agree with your point that communities often need some sort of guard rails to ensure that they can stay productive, especially as a community grows.

I think the challenge is in enforcement. A code of conduct should be a measure of last resort. In your example:

> a functioning code of conduct should make the difference between someone saying “I don’t understand why anyone would believe X”, which is an open statement that invites thoughtful discussion, versus “X is stupid and anyone who believes it is an idiot”, which is a closed statement that triggers fighting instead.

I don't think that the code of conduct should be invoked the first time someone steps a bit onto the side of expressing something in a hostile way. When collages are in the process of solving real problems, and getting real work done, it can be the case that disagreements occasionally get heated. If someone steps a bit over the line in terms of how they express themselves in such a disagreement, the first response should be for a colleague to put the metaphorical hand on the shoulder and invite the offender to reign it in a bit, equal-to-equal, rather than invoking the authority of the CoC right away. If someone repeatedly demonstrates abusive behavior, then it makes sense to escalate this to a matter of community governance.

It's certainly not ideal if people express themselves in a hurtful or inflammatory way, but if everyone is self-censoring for fear of punishment, it can negatively affect the quality of work that gets done.
Dancing for leisure is practiced by anyone, and people can be good dancers because "good" is defined differently for something so universally practiced.

Like, is your mom or grandma a good cook? How many Michelin stars would her kitchen get? :)

Not saying this person wasn't a prick, just that dancing is hard to get an idea of how good you are at without already accepting that you suck at it while being repeatedly told how you are a good dancer (and if you are simply willing to let go on a dance floor as a male, you were likely to be termed a good dancer in my youth).
Ugh cancel culture is exhausting. The political spectrum is a circle. The far left and right are flavors of the same thing, loud and utterly intolerant of anyone not like themselves.

The far right will tell you about their intolerance to your face, the individualistic version of intolerance. Like an asshole neighbor. The far left will make endless laws and rules, using the power of group norms to attack you. Like a shitty HOA.

Both I find insufferable. I wish US politics would turn back towards the center. I blame social media AI bubbles for segregating everyone into their own world where there's nobody with an opposite opinion to temper absolutism
Thanks to the article editor who did not do the common "The Earth is pulsating every 26 seconds and NOBODY KNOWS WHY."
The folks behind restorative and transformative justice have some interesting ideas:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restorative_justice
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformative_justice
https://savethekidsgroup.org/defining-transformative-justice...
> But currently decided against it because I do not think the purpose of a code of conduct should be written down as potential punishments as consequences.

I believe that it would be a good thing if you could write it down, but you can't, or you'll spend your time writing down what is and isn't allowed. What's bad about the CoCs of today is that they are vague and are built for selective enforcement. There's no definition of "kind" that includes "don't say other people are wrong", but the people who love to wield power will simply read into it whatever they please and hang you with it. At the same time, they will say that much worse acts aren't "unkind" because the target deserved it.

Don't do a CoC, just kick out people who are actually assholes. You don't need a CoC to do that, and somebody who is an asshole won't stop being an asshole because you've written that they can't contribute if they are.

I consider CoCs harmful and they're a negative indicator for projects to me. Not because I'm not kind, but because it hints that the maintainers are easily swayed by outside forces and will bend to pressure.
that is a systems theory question - is true mass debate possible giving so far observed half-life of mere milliseconds before it gets desintegrated into mass propaganda. Basically it calls for new Shannon - what is the maximum information (in particular - can it be more than simple slogan?) can be communicated (i.e. received/understood and meaningfully (it is key point here, ie. at the level comparable to the received information) responded) in some massively parallel and may be partially ordered (yet definitely not totally sequential) manner in a massive graph of very diverse nodes.
This reminds me that a few years ago (almost two decades?) there was a lot of concern online, almost "moral panic", about the potential of digital steganography to hide information in public image files.

Even if this method is not feasible as an attack vector, at the very least it looks like a very practical way to share information that otherwise would be censored or restricted–all the more so if the hidden image data can be encrypted, which may make it impossible to detect.

On the other hand, I know nothing about steganography and I'm talking out of my arse, so maybe current steganography methods are much more powerful.
Covid-19 breathalyser tests may be deployed in trials in Singapore
I am pretty sure patients outcomes would be much better with no regulation at all.

Be careful what you wish for. Many regulations have been written in blood.
Learn Computer Science Fast
Python List Comprehension – The Tutorial
It's not about whether people sitting in the "committee meetings" of the "Code of Conduct Enforcement Team" are dickheads but it's about how you deal with it. Not acknowledging their legitimacy and walking away is a wise advise.
What is data quality and how to improve it
Going Dark. The secret social lives of extremists
Honest, successful. For a politician you can only pick one.
You don't use that on production ever. Try to use it on dev server, local or test server all you want, but not production, at least until you know the cases and confident that your team can handle it on production.

Then you can still add that to your resume.
There is a python port: https://github.com/pwaller/pyfiglet at least for what I made it was pretty nifty
Rather slow clock rate in our perception, but not that bad if you're computing for millions of years.
About a year ago i wanted to get a used car. Did a few searches, including facebook marketplace. did the purchase not long after that. a little over a year later and i'm still getting ads from facebook
It is real. I have never been frightened by the sight of blood, do not think it is gross etc., but a couple of years ago I was having blood drawn for some lab testing and glanced down at the tube while the nurse filled the vial. The vial was super dark red but quite frothy and bright pink colored at the top. Anyways the colors were much more vibrant than I expected and I rapidly felt myself slipping away? I don't think I completely passed out but I started to fall or something and caught myself. I think the nurse asked if I wanted to lie down for five minutes after that and rest before leaving, haha.
Did you mean to say "isn't"?
Such a weird justification. If they don't know what's causing it how do they know it won't help explain the structure beneath the continent or the deep structure of the Earth.
Show HN: Add WhatsApp Chat Button to your website for free
The title is misleading.

The 'advice' in the article is on how start living in a cave.
That's an incredible story. I always enjoy reading about how people have managed to stay active and learn new things well past the typical retirement age.

What does your dad work on exactly? When did he start programming?

I hope I'm able to age so well; I'd love to get a law / medical degree at 65 and start a whole new career in my 70s :)
Ask HN: Help me understand gaining traction as bootstrapped founder
How to get response from people you are reaching out to for validating your idea?
cringe? Almost like nails on a chalkboard sort of feeling. I don't really get grossed out by reading about stuff though.
I've been wondering about this. Obviously there's a demand for CoCs coming from somewhere, or there wouldn't be a supply of them. What is driving this demand?

Is this demand driven by good intentions? By a genuine desire to improve diversity? To attract those who might otherwise feel less safe?

Is this demand driven by a "fear of being left out" because big names in tech are setting an example?

Is this demand entirely artificial, driven by power hungry people wallowing in self importance?

I don't have any answers here. I'm just curious. I can certainly agree with wanting to help rid the world of sexism and racism. I'm not sure whether a tech conference or open source project is the best forum for that change.
Ask HN: Why not extended grapheme cluster as character type?
Among the most popular programming languages with native support for unicode (Go, Java, Rust, .NET, etc), why do most of them define a character as an unicode codepoint/scalar value instead of an extended grapheme cluster? Swift is the only exception I know of.

My assumption is that most programs would want to deal with user perceived characters instead of individual codepoints. Is this decision for performance reasons or something else?
I couldn't work out what this does. A library for mapping booleans to and from strings?
Harvey Weinstein was cancelled long before he was also convicted.
BTW, one thing an iphone camera does very well is take pictures of documents. That's one thing my old 35mm AE1 couldn't because it could not focus up close without a special lens.

Before the phone cameras got good, I'd carry around a Minox because it would fit unobtrusively in my pocket.
I was curious, so I took a look, but it didn't go so well.
Good Explanation of Python's Lists. Using this form of comprehensions speeds up all type of list iterations. A must to know about those.
If it was certain, one wouldn't need multiple layers of security.
Or that, with software, you can always rip out the foundation and replace it. And you're working on it as you work on the rest of the "building" anyway.

The difficulty of working on lower abstraction layers doesn't scale with the amount of higher layers. Unlike with buildings or bridges, there's no gravity in software, no loads and stresses that need to be collected and routed through foundations and into the ground, or balanced out at the core. In software, you can just redo the foundation, and usually it only affects things immediately connected to it.

A set of analogies for software that are better than civil engineering:

- Assembling puzzles.

- Painting.

- Working on a car that's been cut in half through the middle along its symmetry plane.

- Working on buildings and bridges as a Matrix Lord who lives in the 4th dimension.

All these examples share a crucial characteristic also shared by software: your view into it and construction work is being done in a dimension orthogonal to the dimension along which the artifact does its work. You can see and access (and modify, and replace) any part of it at any time.
Hmmm... That didn't work for me -- at least not in the way I would expect it to work...
Ask HN: Which Software Engineering podcasts would you recommend?
Few I have on my list are
1. signals and threads from jane street
2. on the metal from Oxide computer
is that still a thing? the my little pony series?
Ironically they won a transparency and accountability
award a week ago. https://numfocus.org/blog/numfocus-earns-transparency-recogn...
If you want a real open society, you need to address as many people as possible and the best way to do that is by including the most perspectives as possible. Journalism evolved here until financial incentives drove us back to strong opinions.

Propaganda undermines trust and it is actually far easier now to identify untruthful and biased news compared to the past. So a regression would be costly.
When it's done by a nation-state, we used to call that "war".
Looks great, but that name is off-putting.
You're saying Coinbase already released a debit card in the UK?
KeePassXC synced with Nextcloud to all my devices. On iOS I use KeePassTouch.
You're kind to interpret that as generously as you are. I mean that. I appreciate that. Forcing ourselves to see the other side is important, even if only to immediately discard it; because it's the practice of doing so that helps us when we really need it.

For me, I think it's unlikely the generous interpretation is correct, for only one reason: a group of 4 of them needed to call him, rather than a 1-1 conversation. This is a group dynamic that is well understood and they knew what they were doing, using the safety and strength of a group to ensure he couldn't push back. In such a scenario, one of the participants in said group is unlikely to be nervous in that way, although it's certainly possible (especially if they know, deep down, they're being unfair and are battling heavily with that feeling -- even the group strength won't help them).
Ah, the pang of nostalgia... :) The last time I was playing with something like this was on a Commodore 64.
ponysay is neat, but i do cowsay + lolcat
It is a very common, and often overlooked issue in image processing. Bilinear is widely used, and not particularly good. For large factor downscaling it is reminiscent of nearest pixel.
Hi - we're a feature flagging platform. You can put new features that you are working on behind boolean flags and then manage those features from our dashboard.
I remember seeing this techinqie 8 or 10 years ago on 4chan. The thumbnail was some innocuous picture, when clicked on it, it expanded to the larger version with a banana. The larger version also had these kind of dots on it.
The Weimarization of the American Republic
Yeah the title is misleading and the results are probably not going to replicate in humans. But surprisingly the comments on this post are really interesting and good quality.
If I understand correctly, the idea is that the reports implicitly threaten the conference with attacks from social media if the conference does not quickly take an agreeable action.
A Java s-expression evaluator to express logic as part of data
A custom s-expression evaluator. Helps you to express logic in the configs and any other data that might have.
To add to that list, in many places zip-codes just don't matter, I think they're mostly a US/UK thing. I'm from Eastern Europe and I found myself many, many times googling for my address's zip-code when filling-in online forms because I have never known it by heart (and before the advent of the Internet I very rarely used it).
Yes CoCs are great, but be careful how you use them. Committees wielding their CoCs to the detrement of others is shameful. They give CoCs a bad name. Maybe there should be a 2nd committee, with a CoC for committees using them maliciously, a CoCCuM if you will.
Bcachefs for Review
Very popular in the mechanical keyboard community
Thanks for the tip about "man hier" :)
Isn't photo ID much more relevant for the above than fingerprints? Usually fingerprints are used to investigate crime scenes, not to ascertain identity of an already known person (you don't normally ascertain that this person here is Alex A by their fingerprints - you use them to see if Alex A was in the room where the jewelry got stolen).
> not to defend the Java ecosystem, but it does get some things right, or more right than others

Out of curiosity, as a Java enthusiast, I was wondering if you could give examples of what you feel is wrong?

In my HN browsing I find Java is rarely actually discussed here, though often dismissed.
I don't know why.
Super Productivity: How to grow fond of time tracking and task management (2019)
Surely he experimented on some animals first?
So they were a keynote speaker and yet noone in the conference team looked at the slides before the keynote or someone did look at the slides and did not see a problem.

What that indicates to me first and foremost is that this is a poorly organized conference. I would expect that every single speaker is asked for at least a draft of their slides a few weeks before the presentation. Either ignoring the keynote speaker or not supporting them in such a bizarre case speaks volumes about the organizers. They simply don't seem to care about the content of the conference that much.
I'm curious about the use of the word 'attack' here - is that really what this is? If so, what exactly is being attacked? I thought this kind of thing was called steganography
How is this disinformation? The Intel ME is replaced with zeroes, except a few percent: https://puri.sm/posts/neutralizing-intel-management-engine-o..., and it’s hardly functional.