skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
"Contributing fairly" has meaning when compared to "no contribution" or "negative contributions".

We can argue about what fair is all day but it hard to say that someone who accrued $1B has contributed fairly. Warren Buffet acknowledges as much in his famous quote about his secretary paying more in taxes than he does.

Let's not let perfect be the enemy of good when it comes to equitable contribution.
Before assuming that your reliability would be increased by adding more AZs, verify where the problems of reliability comes from in the first place. I find more times than not, the down times comes from people applying changes, not when you just leave things running like they are. It's only if the AZ or underlying machines has troubles, that you should start thinking of expanding to other AZs
Switch from Ruby to Crystal
Why work as an average american is the government will take 22% of it?

Probably because trading stocks will still leave you with a lot more money than if you threw a tantrum, took your toys home and hid your money under your mattress - no plan that I've seen has investors paying capital gains at the level of their equivalent income - investment is still heavily subsidized.
Nearly 50% of Americans are children, students, and retirees.
The Great Cannonball Boom
It’s very clear that you are a small business owner and don’t really understand how taxes work in a large company.
I'm not the person you responded to but this kind of comment really bugs me. Why assume someone didn't form their own opinion?
Ah yes, like anthrax bombing an island?
Big tech connected their data centers with cleartext links which NSA surveilled in secret, without their knowledge. Perhaps this isn't accurate?

Big tech wises up to Big Brother snooping on them, locks down, then continues to accumulate all of that precious data, out of view of the IC. Control over that data is worth trillions.
> I instantly assign a negative score in my mind to all projects that still find them in any way usable.

Sounds like the filtering works!
Interesting thought. It also means that there is a continued pressure to sell stocks/buy less. So stock values will be negatively affected.
Alright, since linking the entirety of title 17 isn't exactly easy to refer to as a source, the relevant part is 17 USC 203.^1

It's probably one of the more complex parts of copyright law. There's a few well-known cases of section 203 being used to claw back copyright decades down the line. (Note: I'm am very much not a lawyer)

In 1938, John Steinbeck granted Viking Press rights to publish 13 of his works, including Of Mice And Men, The Grapes of Wrath, and Tortilla Flats, as long as they were kept in print and for sale. In 2005, John Steinbeck's son and granddaughter served notice to Penguin Publishing, who were the interested party at the time, that they were terminating the agreement.^2

This section was originally designed to give artists who may have essentially (or even literally) given away their rights due to inequitable bargaining power a chance to recoup their property down the line with at least several years notice that they are planning on terminating the agreement.^3 In practice, however, it's kind of a mess, and to say that it would allow an artist or their heirs to terminate a grant to the public domain is dubious. It's something that would likely see its way to the supreme court should it ever come to pass.

I've included a couple other articles here just in the general interest of providing more info.^4^5

[1]: https://www.copyright.gov/docs/203.html

[2]: http://billgablelaw.com/sites/law/files/TakingItBack.pdf

[3]: https://abovethelaw.com/2019/05/terminators-mount-up-section...

[4]: https://media2.mofo.com/documents/190700-all-shook-up.pdf

[5]: https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Case_Law
We Cracked the Redactions in the Ghislaine Maxwell Deposition
Yeah sure, and 'USA PATRIOT Act' stands for "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism."
What makes you say it's unclear? It's considered settled, even though the Supreme Court has never had to rule on it.
Some day, we're going to have services with 6 billion users. I don't think that will be a good day.

As a consultant I have frequently been in a situation where each member of 'my' team was only outnumbered about 6:1 by the customer. That can be directly managed. As a business owner, I can afford to have a personal relationship with a few percent of my customers. I can cherry pick. As a medium application developer, each of my employees might represent 1000 users, and even zone defense starts to crumble. I have to start treating them as numbers, and that causes new types of problems.

I see the sorts of compromises we often have to make at hundreds of thousands of users, and I'm grateful that most of the verticals I'm interested in wouldn't ever have 600 million users, let alone ten times that much. There are verticals where form and function are tightly aligned, and I think those can scale much higher. Torrents and Discord, off the top of my head, I think resemble that remark. Infrastructure like nginx or Consul, maybe. Linux... well, it's 5 million lines of code so it might be 'failing' in that manner.

Reddit, on the other hand... I'm glad I'm not responsible for Reddit because I'd probably hate myself half as much as my users claim to.

Some comedian had a bit years ago about how he wanted to be 'Bruce Campbell famous'. This is a guy who is a god in a niche. If he wants his ego stoked, he just needs to be in the right room, and he can make that room happen just by asking for it. Meanwhile he can go out to dinner at a nice restaurant and there is a reasonable expectation that he might get to eat in peace. I think I could deal with that level of success.
I've seen this way of state modelling pop up more and more recent year in me feeds. Make impossible states impossible. It's a great way to keep you sane!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcgmSRJHu_8 (Elm)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGMm3StjqLI (Kotlin)
If the wealthy want to live in a big detached house that's cool, but those types of lots/structures shouldn't be in dense space-limited urban areas. They want to have both the big house and the proximity to urban centers.
For energy density it's pretty hard to beat things like gas or diesel. Do you see any practical reason you couldn't carry liquid fuel and a generator for offroading? It would take longer to recharge than just dumping fuel into the tank but I'm not convinced that would be a dealbreaker.
despite how popular this claim is, it is not true.

The following is a valid JSON document according to the spec[1]:

{ "key": "value", "key": "otherValue" }

But is not a valid YAML document[2], something addressed in the spec itself. The JSON spec says

> The names within an object SHOULD be unique.

And `SHOULD` is defined by RFC 2119[3] as

> This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a particular item, but the full implications must be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a different course.

Also note that popular JSON validators exist which will accept the above example as completely valid[4]. Also note that Javascript's JSON.parse[5] will accept the above as valid, as does JavaScript itself for object keys (which, yes, is not JSON).

Yes, I know about RFC 8259 vs ECMA 404. The real world examples noted above, though, speak for themselves.

[1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627

[2] https://yaml.org/spec/1.2/spec.html

[3] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2119

[4] https://www.freeformatter.com/json-validator.html

[5] https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/#sec-internalize...
> Near 50% of American pay zero federal tax. The top 10% of all Americans pay 69% of all federal taxes currently. This is a point 'left out' of current discussions.

Nearly 50% pay no federal income tax. It's worth making that statement precise in this case, because saying they pay no federal tax is just a lie.
Well, it says that Kommersant (Russian newspaper) claims he stayed there. Ben Wizner (advisor to Snowden) denied it --

> Every news organization in the world has been trying to confirm that story. They haven't been able to, because it's false.
> until you die

Given the amount of future debt we've taken on, it's probably a good thing to have growing deferred income too.
>capital flight is a real thing.

Can anyone provide some examples of it happening in an economy like ours?
>The top 1% of US taxpayers already cover 21% of the share of federal taxes collected

The top 1% of US taxpayers control over 60% of the wealth. If they're only paying 21% of the tax burden they are GROSSLY under-taxed.

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-09/one-perce...
These graviton2 instances are no joke. As soon as they released, it probably became the new lowest hanging fruit for many people (from a cost efficiency standpoint). The increased L1 cache has an incredible effect on most workloads.
Welcome to 2020
How does one determine when a bug is in the compiler vs. just a dumb code error? Examining compiler output?
Middle class is not median. I’d agree that $400k is barely enough to get to the comparable middle class living in NYC. Earning below $100k will get you subsidized college, right?
One point of data proves something. Interesting approach.
> I can only assume that the vast majority of people think businesses are taxed like people. You pay taxes on all of your income. But businesses only pay taxes on their profit. It's a big, big difference that changes the incentives.

People are taxed the same way. There are all kinds of ways to spend your money before paying income tax on it. Most obviously, on health "insurance".
Saying "I wish you made me pay more" while then turning around and hire the best tax accountants to avoid paying even one cent, and lobbying, funding and grooming politicians that will block any wealth taxes, is just adding insult to injury and insulting hypocrisy.
The important problems to solve are all social: how do you divide the work, how people talk to each other when working on the same code, etc. If you solve those right, your team can be successful with any git workflow, and if you solve those wrong, they will fail despite any git workflow.

After you get the important things right, the will exist relevant optimizations on the workflow like those on the article. But they won't make or break your team, and will certainly depend on a lot of details so any universal preaching must be taken with care.
We have. We are an egress firewall company and have been testing our product on Graviton2, privately, for some time now. The ARM builds will be GA in a couple of months but so far we've concluded that:

1. These offer an excellent price to performance ratio for an egress firewall like purpose because of low instance pricing and high network throughput.

2. For our stack written in C and Rust, any performance penalty isn't noticeable. It's basically a NAT gateway filtering by hostnames for TLS & SSH outbound.
>be Snowden

>be ex-CIA

>be so concerned with privacy rights, sacrifices everything

>flee to bastions of privacy rights (China, Russia)

>hurt NSA immensely through PR

>be ex-CIA
This is something that I have not seen very much research about (not saying it doesn't exist.) When taxes are high, then "wealthy" people will search for a method to reduce their tax burden. For business owners and employers, there are two large options for reducing tax burden - increasing employee salary, and increasing re-investment (R&D, infrastructure, etc). Both of which are commonly cited as deficient in modern business practices.
The Knoll Life chair. It's comfortable. It's adjustable. It looks great. Only complaint is that one of the armrests will need to be replaced soon because the material is cracking.
I should have been more literal - 50% of federal taxpayers.
I'm fairly certain r/aws is run by AWS/Amazon employees so it's only natural that articles that could be seen as negative are removed from it.
Kernel 5.9: Onwards and Upwards
Another chilling effect may be in motivating barter rather than currency trade so that assets may undervalued. Consider real estate trades or corporate mergers instead of cash purchases that are executed at deflated valuations to lower wealth valuations of the underlying asset. This devalues the dollar in relation to assets.
The whole debate isn't even wrong in the first place as the questions are beyond "have you stopped beating your wife yet?" and into adding absurdities as qualifiers like "have you stopped beating your wife with a prized family heirloom yet?".

So bad it arguably qualifies as misinformation in itself. If an algorithim spreads any information and cannot classify it (if you have a general purpose algorithim which can know all truth apriori what are you doing here instead of creating a singularity!). Then /design/ which implies intent and effectiveness. Otherwise if I burn a Trump Voodoo doll I will have designed something with the "intent" to kill the President. Even if Fox News would be very offended by it nobody sane would take it as a serious assassination attempt.
"Service workers can only be used over HTTPS, or on localhost for development" - That's a known Gatsby issue: https://github.com/gatsbyjs/gatsby/issues/10369
The alternative is upzoning and land value tax which encourages density.
I think it's more than just "one day I'll be rich"; it's part of the mythos of where wealth comes from. If your starting point is the American Dream, that wealth comes purely from a combination of ingenuity, luck, and hard work, either from the individual or one or more previous generations, then it's easy to see being asked to pay away a share of it as unfair. But if you see wealth as something that arises at least in part from the opportunities afforded by the structures and services within a society, then it's reasonable to expect that the society is owed back a portion of it, in part to maintain those services for the benefit of others coming later.

And fairness aside, there's the purely pragmatic concern that multi-generational wealth concentration is bad for almost everything— bad for democracy, bad for fairness in media, bad for civil unrest, etc etc. Is taxing wealth an effective way to manage this? Maybe, maybe not. But anyone who wants to critique it should probably be willing to support _some_ plan for controlling wealth inequality over the long term.
I will never understand the people who think that media outlets are biased... toward the left. Yes, I'm sure that if this multinational conglomerate of 100 TV channels and 200 newspapers, owned by a multibillionaire, is a communist propaganda outlet.
My biggest problem at first was that the Unix server (a Gould NP-1) didn't have enough memory to run an Emacs instance for every terminal in the class, so it was painfully, agonisingly slow. The joke about "Eight Megs And Continually Swapping" would have been very real, if only I had heard it then.

I really hated Emacs at the time. I only stuck with it because the alternative was vi.
Really? In a secret voting? Who is to blame? Are you sure people are really at their best when their positions are in play and they can hide behind a committee and the solution is “grey”?

Never understood the power of anonymity...
> capital gains

Capital gains happen on money that has already been taxed as income. Capital Gains tax is less because it's round 2 of the taxation game.

Also taxing assets on their capital means people will not invest in capitally intensive projects. For example building a new housing complex returning 3% per year (after inflation) is 33% less interesting with an additional 1% wealth tax (on the capital) ...
Hey I’m Kina, PM of this product! Let me know if I can answer any questions! :)
> the "adjacency matrix" representation of a graph is very often never multiplied by a vector even in academic algorithm descriptions.

Not true. There is a whole field (graph signal processing) that studies graphs in terms of their description in matrix form (adjacency, connectivity and more). For example, you can find connected components by looking at the eigenvectors of a certain matrix.
They'll all be in New Zealand in their other private compounds.
I thought that this is common knowledge, every company I know is doing this. Spend their money in the end of the year to reduce taxable profit.

Tax evasion breaks this system. Profit is taken out of the system and stores offshore, where it doesn't create any value.

Tax evasion is bad. Investing is good.
It doesn't have to be subconscious. The perpetrators just need to be smart enough not to admit their discrimination.
I wonder if the real issue is the format of the exams itself.

Caltech had take-home exams for a long time and students still adhere to the honor code.

We have pretty good tools for plagiarism detection. It's time to shift from rote learning exams to another format (essay, lab assignments for computer science). Else it's simply an arm race for cheating (soon some kid will just get an e-ink display in a picture frame and as soon as it goes out of the proctor's webcam field of view will turn into a cheat sheet).
I do sometimes wonder if a lot of these arguments themselves would be less ambiguous if PEGs (or some other name of them) were formally added to Chomsky's Hierarchy of Languages between Regular Languages and the languages expressed by CFGs. Though I think it would take someone with a much more rigorous math background than myself to make the case formal enough to get it accepted.

(If it helps, and it may be a red herring, the dualism between PEGs and Parser Combinators has me thinking it's a Category Theory related "step" in the hierarchy. "Deterministic Monadic Compositions" in a reflection of DFA/NFA duals to Regular Languages might imply "Monadic Languages" as a possible name? Again, my math background is definitely not formal enough here to make actual suggestions, but maybe it sparks an idea for someone else.)
> But if you're happy entering and exiting the business as a whole, it makes sense to sell it (transferring money equal to its value to your personal balance sheet) when taxes are low and about to go up, and then just not work while taxes are high.

Not quite. The fact that taxes are about to go up has already taken a huge chunk out of the sale value of the business. You want to sell it when taxes are low and not about to go up.
The problem is the intermediate timeline ... maybe some time window to limit the amount and then lower it slowly. This way the momentum from existing malware doesn't hurt one specific university or group.
Where have taxes been oscillating so much that you've seen multiple cycles of this?
A normal sedan would get around 35 mpg. If you pay more than $0.15/kWh, a Hummer EV would be the more expensive vehicle to drive. This figure gets worse if you compare it to a hybrid sedan that can reach 50 mpg.
Wealth tax unconstitutionality is not some 'dream'. I think that a wealth tax is a great idea, but I dont see any good way of implementing it. The constitution (16th amendment) only specifically allows for income taxes, not property taxes. What makes the famous carriage tax legal is that its a tax on consumption and spending, and is therefore not a direct tax. The carriage tax was never argued to be a property tax, thats the key distinction here. The only way to pass it is to argue its a consumption and usage tax, or get every state to pass a wealth tax.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_tax#U.S._constitutional...

There's actually a decent amount of precedent that holds the property tax as a direct tax, and therefore unconstitutional on the federal level. Even a liberal court would make this decision I think.
The median household income in the US is $68,000, I'm pretty sure that household pays federal taxes.

Should we move the goalposts again?
The point is why should someone get progressively taxed when they are attempting to live a "median" American lifestyle.
That is a home, a bedroom for each child (etc as the CNBC article pointed out)
We aren’t printing enough money: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/tAThqgpJwSueqhvKM/frequently...

We can look at France, which used to have a wealth tax, after they elected a socialist in 1981. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity_tax_on_wealth

It not only failed to raise the expected revenue, it was estimated it actually led to a net negative revenue due to capital flight and a higher percent of French people renouncing citizenship. Because it was unpopular and didn’t raise much money, in 2017 it was abolished.

There are some types of wealth taxes that I believe can succeed, such real estate taxes and inflation (which operates effectively as a tax on unspent money). How about instead of proposing wealth taxes which have failed in the past and cause strange incentives, we try to hit our inflation targets first?
Wealth taxes are the equivalent of stealing from somebody just because you know you can get away with it. They are morally wrong even if they are beneficial to you personally.
Well I never said it was for the US, instead it's globally. If you are in the US you would have even more advantages.
Surely property tax is trivially easy to justify? It usually is collected by the municipality and pays for things that have ongoing operating costs— roads, fire department, schools, etc. How else should those things be paid for?
They have a lower-brow version of JUST SCREAM as the story arc for an episode. They make a website where people record farts, and then rate them.
Following you on IG now. I just wanted a medium where your site and it's art work would bubble up on occasion since I'm not always buying artwork. I think IG is perfect considering you just share art work. Perhaps promoting the IG channel more on the website would help?

A mailing list is nice because you're actually collecting emails and can use them somehow in the future. You could collect emails and then send users a welcome email that also promotes your IG channel. It just wasn't obvious you have an IG channel. Hopefully this is helpful.
and say they do make it illegal for state entities to pay ransoms... then what? what is going to happen when a ransom attack does happen? they contact the fbi... great... now what? how do they get their data back? what obligation does the fbi have to tracking down the gang and getting the data back? what's the time line?

see... the issue i see with making it illegal for state entities to pay ransoms is that you tie the hands of the victim without any guarantees that law enforcement will help and help in a timely manner. i see this as a lose, lose situation.
It's not like the money leaving the corporation doesn't get invested in something else. I could very easily see the how higher rate lead to less innovation since the money is all tied up in mega corps.
An interesting visualization that showed up on /r/dataisbeautiful a few days ago:

https://www.reddit.com/r/dataisbeautiful/comments/jdffl5/oc_...

"Animation showing the number of Covid-19 deaths per 100k, by county in the US since the start of the pandemic"

Watch California, compared to New York, the east coast, and eventually the midwest. (And visible rural areas as well.)
Well, that's not entirely wrong. After all, the libc is pretty much a part of Unix API today.
Opened the link wondering what's a "better configuration for `less`"... oh well.
Equally as valid to say you are in support because you believe you will derive additional benefits financed by taxes you will never have to pay.