skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Applied physicist here. The other thing is: Existing fusion concepts need to use a reaction between Deuterium and Tritium, otherwise it's just infeasible. Deuterium exists in nature and can be produced with some form of isotope separation.

Tritium, however, does NOT exist in nature, and can only be conceivably produced in three ways:

1. Inside thermonuclear bombs

2. In heavy-water reactors, e.g. CANDU design, which requires Uranium, so it is not fuel-independent and totally dependent on nuclear fission technology. Getting Tritium that way is also extremely, extremely expensive.

3. possibly, in a breeding blanket of a fusion reactor. This makes fusion technology reliant on breeding reactors which is much more complicated and has many completely unsolved questions in the materials part. Also, existing fission-breeding reactors are also less safe, for example, like the Japanese Monju plant, which was cooled with liquid sodium, a highly reactive metal, which got incensed in a fire. Fusion breeder reactors will probably also require something like sodium cooling because of the high energy densities required.

And the existing research projects like ITER have not even started to address these issues - they are purely plasma physics experiments.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monju_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Cryptocurrency represents a kind of financial libertarianism, that people should be able to own their money and be their own bank. It doesn't have much to say about aspects of life outside of that. It is political because of vested interests.
And yet, avoiding a single transatlantic flight is enough to reduce an individual's CO₂ emissions by about 1.5 tonnes, or 2/3s of the reduction from living car-free (~2 tonnes) and is generally the third most effective way to reduce individual CO₂ emissions (behind having one fewer child and living car free and ahead of buying green energy, buying a more efficient car, siwtching to an electirc car or no car at all and eating a plant-based diet, in that order).

I underline: that's one flight.

See Figure 1 here:

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541/...
Around the year 2000+/-2 that was my daily experience on the track from Hagen in Westfalen(near Dortmund) to Cologne or Düsseldorf. When it went over the Autobahn there was always gridlock. I noticed that mostly out of the corners of my eyes, while reading Tipler's Physics, Stryer's Biochemistry, Albert's Molecular Biology of the Cell, or other sciency stuff like that, comfortably munching something and sipping coffee. Hopping into some bus, tram, subway for another 10 to 20 minutes, arriving relaxed and fit.
>* Why do people have to appear in a random order?

The service we use shows people in order of appearance, except you yourself (who is always prepended to the list).

>* Why can't I tell whether people are present/engaged when their video is off?

Why should you be able to tell? Quite often, meetings are a waste of time, and even in the ones which aren't, only a small amount of information will be useful to each person. It's easy to read HN and pay attention for your name or the name of the team you're part of while on a call. Besides that, what counts as 'present/engaged'? I think everyone would be present (in case something be asked of them). Does 'engaged' mean they need to sit there and nod at everything even if it's irrelevant to them?
It could also be a sign that people feel more empowered to express themselves in work and feel that a workplace that values their ideals is preferable to one that doesn't. Particularly in tech where we're all quite comfortably off we can worry about these things higher up the hierarchy of needs.

It will be interesting to see where this takes the culture of Coinbase.
A Brief Guide to OTP in Elixir
We use tons of bottles for alcoholic beverages without issue. Most of the problems you state can be overcome with fairly simple processes. Standardisation of jar/pot sizes is one, ease of glass sorting and recycling when compared to plastic is another.

Humans are smart enough to solve this, what we're missing is policy.
You could... not talk about it at work?
Seems pretty damn good severance to me. Four to six months of a SF salary?

I wonder if the real goal here is just reduce headcount.
This is pure speculation on my part, as I haven't looked into any data to back this up, but I also believe that a lot of conspiracy theorists become conspiracy theorists, whether they realise it or not, for the sense of belonging and community that is perhaps lacking in other areas of their life.

I mean think about it - if you don't have a satisfactory social group, what better way to fill that void than by joining a group of hundreds or thousands that all think and feel the same way as you, and will gladly welcome you with open arms.

It's not about logic, it never was. It's about belonging. A strong enough emotion trumps rationality, just as people refuse to evacuate before a natural disaster because "it's their home".
You might be underestimating how weird English orthography is.

If you know some Italian, then you'll know that words are pronounced the way they're spelled. If what you know is English, there's no reason to think the zz in pizza and the zz in cazzum are pronounced the same way.
> I've largely given up on OpenBSD.

The only reason I am not using OpenBSD for desktop is because it does not have an NVIDIA driver. This has been the case for a very long time. I am not holding my breath for its support, for sure. For servers I use Arch Linux and OpenBSD.
People aren’t logical they are emotional.

You can rarely change their minds.
Growing tourism is impractical. For example, look at how hard Venice is trying to keep day visitors out.
Types of Puzzles and Puzzle Games
Well, now that I think about it, I have seen a compiler bug in an IBM Java compiler where an if condition would never be hit, despite the code being fine and the Sun Java compiler working as expected.
It's not that air travel will just disappear or anything. Some areas are simply too remote to depend on anything else.

However, up until about 8 months ago, there were lots of 15-30 minute flights that could be replaced with videoconferencing and (post-pandemic) train travel. Sure, you still might need to catch a plane if you're going on vacation on the other side of the globe, but you can usuall have that client meeting over Zoom, and if you're going on a trip from one European city to another then train travel is often not a bad option.
Embarrassment is an emotional state which sometimes occurs when the image that we seek to project is undermined. It's painful, but usually temporary. By loss of dignity, I mean that an individual is not being respected if they are not permitted any control over their person space. Humans seem to naturally require some degree of control over what may be witnessed by others and what is theirs alone.
The business people at Google who does android deals are pretty scummy though, EU has already fined them 5 billions for that.

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/18/technology/google-eu-andr...
This seems like a pain point easily solved by a niche firebase-to-something-else migration tier. Seems like there's a small but possibly profitable company waiting to be created here:

- Gather firebase's "true" API surface/interface, create a model in your typed language of choice. This might be easier/harder depending on how many special features there are... I haven't really seen openapi schemas for firebase, but that would make this really easy.

- Make implementations that don't save to firebase (and probably one that does, since it'd be very easy to write and would be a good baseline)

- Create a per-version fork of the firebase SDKs (ex. JS[0]) that points at your servers instead of Google's

- Offer a cheaper firebase (you could aim at Heroku customers?)

- Offer a painless migration from firebase as a feature

- ????

- Profit

Business model risks: Google lowering prices on firebase, doing this themselves, etc.

[0]: https://github.com/firebase/firebase-js-sdk
Epic's arguments against Apple aren't sitting well with the judge
If you are being told when to come to work and when to leave, what to work on, how and where to work on it, how to dress, corrected on even the most subtle things that you are doing "wrong" from the managements perspective and expected to do as told, what hope do you have to have any influence on the values of the company?

It's the norm that people in a workplace are primarily seen as cogs in the system, humans with needs and opinions as second. Any time the latter is perceived to potentially affect the former, you will be told to fall into line.
What's up with the 7 year exercise window? All contracts I've seen lately have adopted the modern 10 year window. Bonus to cover exercise + 83b is also now more common for non-execs now. 7 years sounds like they chose something less than the max intentionally.

Furthermore, 6 months severance is on the lighter side for 3yrs of service in cases where the company did something remotely controversial. Setting the aside the issue of allowing politics at the workplace or not, actual implementation of the policing invites all sorts of non-standard harassment and first amendment claims. Any of the lawyers in the Bay Area who helped Uber employees negotiate severance could likely get a deal like this doubled, especially if the employee is a manager or senior-level. While 6 months of salary is nothing to scoff at, there's a time and a place for major company ideology changes and COVID is not the time to make employees worry about their employment.
First of all, thanks for qutebrowser, it's a really great piece of software, in fact I'm using writing this comment using it... Now for the hints, it's mainly the fact that tridactyl highlights the elements hinted, for example with the Twitter web UI:

tridactyl: https://imgur.com/D1PDBgY

qutebrowser: https://imgur.com/m4vtbk0

Now it's not that a big deal, but the advantages appears clearly on more saturated pages, off the top of my head, stackoverflow's triage:

With qutebrowser[0], if I want to close the modal, `gs` and `hd` are almost on the same place (it's only with experience that I noticed that hints are top left so `hd` is the hint I'm looking for) compare this to tridactyl[1] the `hy` fits very nicely with the highlight which doesn't let any place for ambiguity. I noticed your other answer about the addons, it's very much appreciated, and if I can help with the beta or whatever, let me know, keep up with the great work.

0: https://imgur.com/H4oGufK

1: https://imgur.com/NyNyOoX
You don't have to take a flight or drive your own car to take a vacation. I've been spending all my holidays in Greece in the last 10 years or so and I've taken a flight there maybe one or twice (and once was to attend a funeral when time was pressing). Otherwise I travel by land and sea, train and boat, no cars or planes whatsoever. I live in the UK, so it's a two- or three-days journey if you do it head-over-heels but it can take a lot longer if done at a leisure (which I usually do). I spend time visiting towns and cities in France and Italy that are out of my way, and still do that without driving.

In any case, taking a holiday or going abroad doesn't mean taking a flight, or driving. And I really doubt that taking a boat trip produces more CO₂ per capita than taking a flight, given that many more people will typically board a ferry boat, than board an airliner going the same distance.
I predict that more people will do a vacation in their own continent. It's not like that's super horrible or limiting. Plus I predict that we'll see more "warm jungle in a glass dome" resorts so that you can do a beach vacation without leaving your city.
I Hate Reddit
You realize the crux of the article is that puberty can happen earlier or later depending on whether you have enough calory intake, aka food on the table.

To quote the article, girls did not menstruate until 17-18 three centuries ago... because they were starving.
Indeed, feedback we get from couchsurfing passionates is that they could never have worked from the place.
Why not leaving us your email on the website or following us on Facebook or Linkedin ?
Commodore 64 Program Discovered on 35-Year Old Vinyl Album (2019)
It is a total show-stopper because you don't have the amount of Tritium to power such a reactor.
Testing the Limits of a Quantum Hardware Market
You're mostly wrong about the coalification process as it relates to the carboniferous. There's many different types of coal, but the one you seem to be thinking of is hard coal (anthracite). The others are lignite and bituminous coal.

It's indeed the case that the comparative lack of rotting during carboniferous contributed to the available biomass to turn into coal, but that sort of coal doesn't form without heat and compression. It's got as much to do with the earth being more geologically active at the time, and more low-lying wetlands.

But coal is forming today from peat -> lignite -> bituminous coal -> anthracite (then eventually graphite). E.g. Germany's electricity generation was ~30% lignite burning in 2015[1], and those deposits formed mostly during the tertiary period.

So you're five to six orders of magnitude off if you think coal hasn't been forming since the carboniferous.

None of which is to say that these deposits are renewable in any practical sense. We can imagine digging them all up and burning them in the next 500 years, and then having to wait around the time since the T-Rex walked the earth for meaningful regeneration.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignite#Uses
On macOS the native UI language is very consistent and it’s very easy to decide whether an app looks and feels native. And AFAIK Qt is the only production-ready cross-platform toolkit that even comes close to native on macOS.

On Windows there are like at least three or four kinds of “native”, I don’t even know what’s “native enough” there.
Can you describe a scenario where Touch ID is safe against evil maid attacks (say, a chip is installed allowing anyone to transmit a certain signal that spoofs Touch ID) while also allowing unrestricted modifications by someone with physical possession of the device (as this T2 rooting post celebrates)?

Right now, that security is provided by Apple crypto-locking the Touch ID sensor to the T2 chip so that it cannot be modified to allow unauthorized access without being disabled altogether.

With the ability to bypass the restrictions of the T2 OS, that protection is stripped away, and replaced by .. nothing, as far as I can determine.

This is akin to removing your car’s electronic anti-theft system because it requires OEM keys. Sure, you can do so, but your car is a lot easier to steal, too. Only it’s not your car here, it’s your computer and all personal data on it, and all SSH keys you use to access remote servers, too.

I’m all for repairability but it’s worrying that the tech community is so invested in removing a padlock that offends them that they set aside security and risk issues in favor of rooting without addressing it at all. If this complete lack of interest in device security is the best we can do, we don’t deserve repairability, and we don’t deserve root.
>Nobody is going to reasonably suffer

Your definition of reasonable is not universal. For many people, life is for living, not for sacrificing worldly pleasures to eke out as long an existence as possible.
I agree. Using timer is not as deterministic as precisely-calculated NOP loop.

And why even bother setting timer peripherals if it is to delay for 10ms once in the entire program?
We have yearly budget cuts, so far I’ve not been involved and I likely won’t be, but it’s a yearly stress factor for everyone as the political level and the administration CEO later spends months figuring out how to cut.

Our private sector is still relatively booming for developers, so there is always jobs openings. People tend to shop around more in the private sector though.
Somehow you were able to express exactly what I wanted to say with less words and less pictures https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24637140

Edit: Thanks for Tridactyl, it's a great add-on and truly a life changer, and I just started using it 2 or 3 days ago :)
Can we make the embarrassing emoji bar useful now?

Like turning it into a giant Delete key (since Apple idiotically omits a real Delete key from its keyboards).
Yes:
Sha, Y. X., Zhang, H. L., Guo, X. Y., & Xia, M. Y. (2019). Analyses of electromagnetic properties of a hypersonic object with plasma sheath. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 67(4), 2470-2481.
BBC Horizon: Painting by Numbers – Alec Nisbett, Ed Catmull and Nolan Bushnell
> It might eventually be cheaper than fission due to several factors.

This surprises me, for a number of reasons.

A fission reactor can be operated safely by a bunch of people with baccalaureates, whereas a fusion reactor will need PhDs, as I understand things. Also, its capacity factor will not be as good as that of fission reactors.

The waste from fission reactors can be made pretty small by reprocessing and in-reactor transformations. The radioactive waste from fusion is whole reactor vessels, which are large and difficult to handle (=expensive).

At commercial scale fusion reactors need ancillary fission reactors to manufacture the tritium they require. So you have two reactors instead of one.

Other factors look similar, except that fusion will carry an investment risk premium because of its novelty and complexity.

So under equivalent regulatory regimes it seems to me that fusion would cost as much or more than fission.

Can you explain why it might eventually cost less?
Red Alert for the US Stock Market
But the example here is to simply delay, not to sleep for power consumption.
I'm surprised the author doesn't cover services that help you interact with native speakers. My favorite is iTalki, which connects you with tutors on Skype.
I don't understand this "us against them" mentality because it leaves no room for nuance.

I strongly believe in PG's top of mind theory [1], and I don't see how you can achieve anything if you're constantly fighting for or against the status quo.

Don't you believe it's possible to agree with certain viewpoints but not act on them?

You also don't have to parade around your support during every waking moment, which is basically what Brian asked his employees not to do.

[1] http://paulgraham.com/top.html
>It's not that air travel will just disappear or anything.

The comment I was replying to was implying that recreational air travel should be banned completely.
Exactly, it might not happen naturally at the same scale anymore, but getting carbon back into the ground is definitely possible. The main issue is cost/effort.
Brian Armstrong wants to have it both ways. He wants employees to focus “on the mission”, and not bring societal politics and activism into the workplace. Fair enough. For better or for worse, we live in a capitalist system, and companies are not first and foremost social justice organisations. I am not unsympathetic to the problems he is trying to solve.

But he also wants to influence politics and laws to benefit his company. Coinbase pays hundreds of thousands of dollars to lobbyists and lobbying companies around the world to advocate for their position (this is all public information).

He seems to believe that you can separate “political decisions that benefit Coinbase” and “political decisions that are irrelevant to Coinbase”, but you can’t. They’re all interconnected. It’s naive to pretend otherwise.
Seeing as how some of these comments about their search results claimed the Google widget dominated while others said that competitor results were plainly in top spot, it seems that Google selectively does both one and the other for the sake of plausible deniability while also giving itself a certain discreet edge for Google products in its own supposedly unbiased search system.
> Unlimited, non-radioactive fuel

Nuclear fusion in the existing designs absolutely needs Tritium as one component of fuel, and Tritium can so far only be produced in Uranium reactors, in very small quantities and at an extremely high price.
Hydrogen-powered train makes UK maiden journey
It is incorrect to think of the things under discussion here as "rights activism", as something unrelated to the mission of the company.
In this episode former warden of 3 US prisons testifies that SAM (Special Administrative Measures, the prison type where Assange is expected to end in) prisoners are held in completely inhuman conditions.
Rumors have it that there are cities which are actually walkable AND have acceptable public transportation!

Imagine!
> This may be a sign that it’s become increasingly hard to organize or take part in such activism outside of work. What happened?

I might be over-simplifying but the vast majority of people most affected by political decisions no longer have the incomes and free time to partake in such activism.

For example if you cared about something like workers' unions (let's assume the relatively well-run, non-corrupt version), the people in the best place to perform the activism do not feel they need the unions because they have the spare income and time (ex. tech workers at TechCompanyX). Those who would be most helped by the activism (ex. workers in TechCompanyX's factories/warehouses/wherever) have grueling work schedules and lower pay.
But if you want to do the traditional thing (design a separate glyph for every code point), isn't that still a similar amount of work?

I'm not that deep into designing typefaces, but I'd expect that many designer already work in a similar mode like GP suggested. The only difference is that you'd encode the ruleset instead of the outcome.
Hypocrisy is rampant with some Coinbase figures that cry out for "acknowledging the injustice and inequality that affects many current and future Coinbase users."

Good God, your firm exists to facilitate trading in speculative assets peddled by libertarian internet millionaires and that just so happen to be exceptionally useful for laundering money - enabling a whole online industry of shadow markets that were thought impossible a decade ago.

I understand that your values dictate that association with this unsavory bunch is an acceptable compromise when pitted against the grave dangers of government overreach and surveillance - I am of the same opinion. But social revolutionaries you are certainly not, just opportunists speaking the slogans of the day while lining their own pockets. So Armstrong's sincerity and lack of pretense is refreshing.
Many people were accused of being xenophobic, mostly by self-important brats, of course they loose their reluctance towards it. It is much stronger than 10 years ago.
Here in India, SMS is almost dead already. WhatsApp comes pretty close to being in that middle overlap here, and has largely replaced SMS.

SMS took off in the years when networks stopped charging for them, at least up to a reasonable number of messages. After a few years of that, they regressed back into charging for individual messages, around the same time as when mobile Internet became cheap and accessible making WhatsApp a viable alternate. So now, most people I know use SMS only for OTPs and for messages from their banks and govt services, while personal communication is almost entirely through WhatsApp (and growingly, Telegram).

I suppose a missing circle here is "Free of marginal cost", and being inside or outside of that circle matters to a lot of people.
New US fighter jet (built in a year) coming soon?
I'm not the OP, but I never hear people staunchly defend any of those companies the way they do apple. Apple fans seem to accept and defend every questionable decision the company makes.

no headphone jack? that's a feature! no unauthorized software? that's a feature! spontaneously combusts in your pocket? you just don't understand the reason they did that. it's a feature!