skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Here's a description which is close to the way this arose in math. It's pretty simple. Maybe it will be helpful for some people to see it removed from programming issues. (Maybe not.)

From concreteness, let's suppose we're talking about sets and functions between sets. (The same thing works in an arbitrary category.) Thus, if X and Y are sets, Hom(X, Y) denotes the set of functions (morphisms) from X to Y. Suppose you have a fixed function f: A -> B. You can compose it with functions into A or out of B.

If g: C -> A maps into A, then f o g (using "o" to denote composition) gives a function from C to B: that is, f o g: C -> A -> B. We started with a function from C to A and wound up with a function from C to B. So we actually have a function (functor) Hom(C, A) -> Hom(C, B), which is often denoted Hom(C, f). We say that Hom(C, -) is covariant, because it respects the direction of arrows in the second slot. (f went from A to B, and Hom(C, f) goes from Hom(C, A) to Hom(C, B).)

If h: B -> D maps out of B, then h o f gives a function from A to D: that is, h o f: A -> B -> D. So we actually have a function from Hom(B, D) -> Hom(A, D) which is often denoted Hom(f, D). We say that Hom(-, D) is contravarient, because it reverses the direction of arrows in the first slot. (f went from A to B, but Hom(f, D) goes from Hom(B, D) to Hom(A, D).)

g f h
C ---> A ---> B ---> D

Thus, Hom(-, -) is actually a bifunctor which is covariant in one variable and contravariant in the other. Contravariant functors can be regarded as covariant functors on the opposite category. What is happening with Hom is a prototype for many of the ways that "covariance" and "contravariance" occur in math; for example, covariant and contravariant tensors. (The vector dual space function Hom(-, K) [where K is the ground field] is contravariant.)

One of the earliest descriptions of category theory (including variance) is in: Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders MacLane, "General Theory of Natural Equivalences". Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 58, No. 2, (Sep., 1945), pp. 231-294

It's actually fairly readable. There have been many books and articles on category theory since then, and many specifically directed toward computer science (e.g. Michael Barr and Charles Wells, "Category Theory for Computer Science" - https://www.math.mcgill.ca/triples/Barr-Wells-ctcs.pdf).
I read it that way as well. But I think the idea was that the district would normally spend $3 million on gas, and some unspecified amount on drivers. Presumably, they aren’t spending that money now, so there should be money available for masks for the teachers.

Except, they aren’t spending that much now because they aren’t bringing the kids to school. Why would the teachers need masks?

My district is bringing half the students to school each day, with a different half on different days. But they still drive the buses the same distance, and still need the same number of drivers.
You probably didn't have a reference as a parameter to the function.
But it also should mean that the "immune" will not spread the disease much at all -- certainly not as much as the not-immune who get sick. This is the key thing about immunity.

Also, though (re)exposure of the immune may trigger an immune system response, the individual might not notice the exposure or the immune system response.
If Duck Duck Go is free, doesn't it fundamentally have the same business model as Google. I don't understand how there can be no privacy implications, and search is free. At some point, something has to give for DDG to be profitable-- it is a business, after all. There is no way to measure if they're living up to privacy claims, either.
With the size constraint of that reactor (in volume), what's to say it would be used for the public? It could instead be the source of energy for a factory, or a data center for instance. I don't think we have to keep thinking about public use for these at all.
OmiseGo Token AIrdrop
I'm going to guess that many readers from this US-focused site have assumed this is like the ACLU or something but for Britain. It er... is not.

It's a platform for Toby Young in particular, and a cadre of fragile Right Wing "intellectuals" to insist that it's wrong for anybody to even criticise their bullshit.

This gives you some sort of idea: https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/4agqbn/toby-young-free-sp...

I actually clicked this link before noticing the affiliation, because I thought it might have technical content and that would actually be interesting. It doesn't.

So, ignore Toby Young, but as usual for HN people probably aren't much interested in the actual article so much as the headline anyway, here's the technical consequences of the "plan" if you want to call it that.

This government (and its predecessor) have a core plan that relies on how the Internet worked in like 2016. Much of what people do is unencrypted and even when it's encrypted you can at least identify who they're talking to. So your backstop is that if sites are unco-operative (and we can assume many actively criminal and terrorist sites will not cheerfully co-operate) you block them in DNS. This is a known quantity, you can buy DNS blocking appliances at ISP scale. You can budget for it. The service providers will want so-and-so much money, you make them pass the cost on to their subscribers, hopefully it's not enough to cause push back that loses too many votes.

However even this limited plan isn't actually popular (it polls badly with certain groups and it's too technical for your doorstep representatives to have any hope of justifying their position so best to shut up about it) and from 2016 onward the British government has had plenty of more important things to do. This plan keeps getting kicked into the long grass. To be clear: It's a government plan, the government could make time for it on the legislative agenda, this isn't like a US House bill that Mitch won't even read let alone bring to a vote in the Senate - but they are far too busy to prioritise this.

Meanwhile it is now 2020. Meanwhile DPRIVE is deployed and ECH (what was once eSNI and now encrypts more stuff) is starting to shape up. So the DNS blocking strategy doesn't do anything any more. Now you'd have to rewrite the plan, invent new ISP-scale blocking appliances, goodness knows what those cost and what other problems they introduce, and you still haven't even tried to see if your plan does anything, much less achieves whatever nebulous goals are in your current white paper.
Fair, I honestly was thinking about the history of Optimizely which popped up on HN recently when they were acquired.
Workshop isn't perfect but it's a good enough solution for most games. Especially simulator games where the authors knew how to make a sim but have no idea how to handle mods (for example)
To make sure you're paying attention and not just clicking buttons at random on the screen, of course!
Interesting. One of the things about PD or the likes is the fact that no matter what I always get alerts.

That's one thing I definitely feel very strongly about.

Also for $7, how would it work
More of a reaction to rather than a product of the culture wars, I'd say. Just like the heterodox academy.
Several satellites to search for phosphine during 2020-21 Venus flybys
This misses my point entirely. I'm not commenting on whether youtube recommendations are stale or not. I'm pointing out that it's contradictory to complain both that the recommendations are too stale and that people discover offensive things.
As far as I know its not cost effective until the chain reaction starts so I don't think its possible to operate subcritically.

Thorium reactors can essentially do this safe shutdown as the fuel is a liquid rather than a solid so you can just dump the fuel and stop the reaction.
My home inspector worked exclusively in my town, with the most common housing construction type that my house was built with. I live in a town with a lot of 19th century homes. Not only was he able to tell me most of the common problems that occur in the homes, but exactly what remodels had been done to the home (like what was cheaply done, and what was done 'right'). He also gave me a fairly extensive list of contractors and maintenance people from around the area that he trusted, and encouraged me to contact him if I had any questions or concerns over the next couple years. Looking back on it, as a first time home buyer, I would pay 10x more for the service he gave me than what he charged.
I do mention in my blog post that the SSH gateway in between forbids execution of remote commands without a login shell, so this rules this out as the solution. Otherwise, yes, this would have been a fine solution.
The walk away passive safety is a tradeoff with non-proliferation concerns. This design requires 20% enrichment, much higher than traditional reactors. This might be a smart tradeoff, but let's not pretend it's doesn't exist.

https://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/201810/reactors.cf...
I would like to know the name of that paper if anyone knows.
Consider the level of crimes that must take place for that defense to come into play, much less the additional levels of magnitude before it ceases to be an actual defense.

In our average, every-day life, it's quite possible to illegitimately harm people and escape retribution by using "I was just following orders" as a defense.
Best way to stop hackers is to just start handing out life sentences. that will put a stop to it. or even better. death penalties. like seriously just get a life. society doesn't tolerate thieves IRL so why would we tolerate them in the internet? Backdoors and exploits exist everywhere. no computer or building is 100% secure. we know this. so stop acting like you are doing everyone a favor by exposing them.
Ford’s making its electric F-150 a serious work truck
In the end, it doesn't really matter what an individual engineer thinks. They can make a stink about it, but ultimately someone will do the soldering/add it to the design. Perhaps if the engineers had a union and the union cared about it, that could be different. As it stands, it makes zero difference if an engineer fights about these things. The only person it will affect is himself when he loses his job.
> Quotas are hard to enforce meaningfully. They work well when people are already disposed to be helpful - but even then they still have issues.

That's not true, you just have to design them properly. For instance: 3M knows its customers, and can decide give retail hardware stores an N95 quota of zero and hospital systems large quotas, roughly based on need. Those organizations aren't going to get into slap fights in an aisle.

> Our local grocery chain had a quota on milk (for good reason) and the amount of fights and nearly brawls over it were amazing

An unsourced anecdote about a failure of an unspecified retail quota system is not good evidence against emergency quotas in general. It might not even be accurate.

> People go to crazy limits to evade the quotas (visiting multiple stores, making multiple purchases in the same trip, etc) and often times they do simply because the quota exists - how many people actually buy more than 2 gallons of milk normally?

IMHO, the main goal of loosely-enforced retail quotas like those is not so much to strictly limit people to the quota, but to increase friction to frustrate hoarders and profiteers.
Any antibody testing done this year is pretty suspect. We simply don't know which tests have a high false-positive rate. Studies like that one should be testing the test but instead are trying to draw conclusions about the virus spread based on a test with unknown efficacy.
Reading HTML Tables with Pandas
Really? I used to get those a lot on Google, and after switching to DDG I get real StackOverflow again.

A lot of sites try to game their Google rankings. It's possible DDG is less subject to that.
Yes - if there are two references as parameters, there is no way for the compiler to decide which the output reference may be borrowed from - and so which lifetime to assign the output, so it must be explicitly indicated by the programmer.

There are a few a few example cases in the doc linked about that walk through the conditions it's necessary to add explicit lifetime annotation.
Good News.

I also recommend using Internet archive addon in browser. Clicking on it would archive the website. That way, you can archive pages you visit.
> If you’re no-platformed by a university—a feminist professor who challenges trans orthodoxy, for instance—we’ll encourage you to fight back and members of our advisory councils may be able to tell you what remedies are available to you.

it's actually the opposite - it's claiming if you are a feminist professor, they may help you.
As an employee you must be tracked at all times
The strange thing is that I live is a place where it rains 9 months out of the year and my 40 year old house violates many of these. No waterproofing or French drain around the outside (over the 15+ years we have been in the house I have dug down pretty deep along the foundation in various places working on projects). The bottom floor is four feet under soil level. We are at the bottom of a hill and all the water above us drains around and past the house (if you stand in the back yard after a major rain storm you can actually hear the water flowing). The driveway slopes towards the house (the very bottom slopes up a tiny bit in front of the garage where it flows into a sump pump next to the garage door). The ground doesn’t slope away from the house. The front yard is feet higher than the backyard. It’s all sloping past the house. The eaves are narrow. Honestly, I’ve wondered many times why we don’t have water problems, but we’ve never had a one.
Large awesome graphic page on the fuel, and how its super safe. Nothing about how they 'conceptualize' disposing of their waste.
The most convenient way to work with MongoDB
“We are relying on very fragile systems. We depend on Devine's ancient iphone 5 for navigation and for weather, and today it developed this weird bug, which scared me. My phone died early on in this trip, I'm not sure why. As I was charging it off a rechargeable battery one night, it began vibrating and would not stop! Then, I couldn't charge it anymore and the battery went flat. We've got an older phone with Navionics and Iridium mail as backup, but I worry, as I hate depending on these flimsy, buggy devices. I am angry that we didn't plan this better. We talk a lot about over-reliance on tech, yet we keep making mistakes. Though in truth, we had 3 working phones and we did not think it possible that all 3 would fail at the same time. Our safety is tied to the working of these devices and it is scary. It is dumb and I am angry.“
I'm confident I did; I may have had additional parameters though: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24506034
Because it's not a problem. There's actually very little of it. It occupies a volume the footprint of a football field and 10 yards high [1]. Storing it is pretty foolproof: bury it in an area with no aquifer. The main risk of contamination is getting into the groundwater. If there's no groundwater the risk of contamination is eliminated even if the containers decay over time. And lastly, it doesn't make sense to bury our waste right now because some of the latest reactors being built can use this waste as fuel.

We hold nuclear to an incredible double standard with respect to the waste it produces. Fossil fuels release substantially more radioactive waste [2], and that waste is poorly contained. Usually put in an exposed pile next to the plant, which occasionally spills into rivers nearby [3]. Not to mention a whole other host of pollutants like heavy metals, and the carbon dioxide that is th main driver of climate change.

1. https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/5-fast-facts-about-spent-...

2. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coal-ash-is-more-...

3. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingston_Fossil_Plant_coal_f...
Safety is no longer the reason Nuclear is not worth it.

The sun is a giant, free nuclear fusion plant in the sky. We can capture 1/5th of its output per square meter. For free!

The wind -- caused by solar heating -- also generates free power.

The cost of harvesting it is now so low, and will always continue to decline as any technology will, that any fuel-based generation mechanism is going to be rendered uneconomic with time alone. They depreciate faster as time goes on!

Investing in any such generator needs to be for other reasons like land scarcity.
>So why has nuclear waste become a thing that's not mentioned anymore

It's not? They specifically mentioned it about 1 minute into their "MMR Life Cycle" video in the linked page.
there's also the important point that once a law is passed, it's impossible for your elected representatives to remove it or even amend it

the entire project is about centralising executive power, which necessitates removing it from national legislatures
> It's so worth it, though.

It was until it caused a production outage, then it became very not worth it.
Because the majority of fault lies at California/Federal government whoever is in charge of clearing the forests regularly not PG&E.

Again going back to the Beirut Explosion analogy -- yes the welders could have taken better precautions. Perhaps someone could have maintained the explosives better too. Maybe we could even hire firefighters on standby and install alarms next to the port.

But none of this removes the large pile of explosives that shouldn't be placed there.
That's how it worked for me. I was employee #1 at a startup and I got a salary before the founder. I never considered myself a founder and was never treated as one.
I use Startpage for certain escalated queries as well.

Irrespective of Startpage's motives, using them provides a layer of indirection between me and Google associating every search with a Google account.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1tX6jdoruH8
Is software now everybody's job? The implications of low-code
You must have had a reason to get it though, i.e. specific titles.

As long as you can get them all for decent prices, I don't think there's much to regret, because if they're using any of the 3DS exclusive capabilities, you're not going to be able to reproduce the experience on any other console anyways.
The industry would prefer it be an unaddressed externality as there is no politically economical solution. So it’s assumed storage will always be local but not priced in.
> I woke up late and well rested today.

Sometimes life gives us gifts in the form of grievances.
October Is Cybersecurity Awareness Month – Between the Hacks
Initially, 10 million euros were estimated for the repair work. During the work that had started, further damage was found in the Elsflether shipyard in January 2016, whereupon a construction freeze was imposed in October 2016 and an economic feasibility study was instructed. On January 26, 2017, Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen finally decided to continue the repair work, the cost of which has now been estimated at 75 million euros. According to the shipyard in March 2018, the costs could rise to 135 million euros and the overhaul could take until mid-2019. [8th]

https://translate.google.com/translate?um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&c...
That explains why all the recruiters on LinkedIn are trying to low-ball me so much. The actual rate they charge is double!
I really doubt their customers would want that. Usually when a page is 404 it's because the company in question wants to forget about it :)
I think you drastically underestimate stochasticity, the sheer number of people on twitter, and how actions at the margin can drive someone over a precipe.
Not mentioned? Did you watch 1:12 to 1:50 of their video?
The problem has been built up for decades through both democratic and republican administrations.
Nintendo has never really wanted to discontinue a platform. Their vision was always that developers could support old and new platforms together through funky cross-compact measures.

• Did you know that the SNES’s CPU starts up in a “NES 6502 compatibility” mode, sort of like x86-64 processors starting up in 16-bit real mode? It’s fully possible to design and build a game entirely for the NES as a 6502-assembler codebase; and then to “port” the game to the SNES, by taking that very same 6502-assembler codebase, and just adding a few minor SNES-level “enhancements” that temporarily switch to 65c816 mode, do something, then switch back to 6502 mode. Since the market penetration of the NES was so high, many games in the early 90s were “dual-released” this way.

• Did you know it was possible to create a GBC cart that would act as a fully-fledged SNES game (i.e. mapping a separate SNES game ROM) when plugged into a SNES through a Super Gameboy? Or to have “progressive enhancement” logic in the GBC ROM itself that draws full-color sprites (OBJs) when played on a Super Gameboy? AFAIK, literally nobody has ever fully exploited this, not even demoscene devs.

But, well, third-party devs just seemingly have no interest in releasing for old platforms. They want to “be where the action is.” And Nintendo can’t carry the momentum of a platform all by itself. (Plus, Nintendo’s software dev-teams are too busy acting as stewards and shepherds for how to make use of the newest-gen hardware capabilities — by making games for them, and by interfacing with third-parties — to have any labor left over for making games for older consoles.)

That being said, Nintendo did try to keep the gameboy line going after the DS. They released the GB Micro. It was its whole own thing, with its own product code (OXY) that signalled that they had likely built up separate factories just to build it. But basically nobody bought it.

(But really, I think Nintendo was speaking to developers there, not to gamers. They meant that there’d still be a point, as a game studio, in producing GBA games, because the DS would also play them.)
"challenges trans orthodoxy" is definitely picking a side.
I wonder what the game plan is for offering these games in the future. The dual-screen setup obviously doesn’t map to the Switch, so it’s not just a simple eShop port like you’d have for an old SNES game.

I am mostly thinking about Pokémon. They’ve got this rich new Pokémon Home system to transfer between generations, but that’s reliant on having functioning older hardware. Now, there’s a massive pool of functional 3DS systems out there, so it’s not a pressing issue, but eventually, some poor Ash Greninja will be trapped on a 3DS cartridge. (I suppose the answer is: port all the Pokémon games, profit, swim in giant Scrooge McDuck moneybin of coins.)
The title of the linked article is "Before Watson and Crick in 1953 Came Friedrich Miescher in 1869". This is technically correct, though misleading - Miescher did in fact chronologically precede Watson and Crick.

The title of this HN post is "Friedrich Miescher discovered DNA in 1869, a century before Watson and Crick". The difference turns this title into one that is definitely false, since it clearly implies that Miescher did what Watson and Crick did, long before they did it. That's not true.

Watson and Crick did not discover the existence of DNA. They discovered the structure of DNA. The existence of DNA was already well known, and other groups were also trying to discover its structure.
OpenGL 2D Facade (10): Layers – Design Patterns and Video Games
I have a convoluted method in my blog post due to the constraints I was working with. The SSH connection to the host goes via an SSH gateway that forbids the execution of remote commands without a login shell. I have laid out this constraint in the first paragraph of my blog post.

Without this constraint, yes, I agree what you mention would be the obvious straightforward solution.
Your link doesn't say it's deprecated...

the sftp command has lousy ux, it's unlikely people will switch to it en masse.