skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
1) LKY’s autobiography is incredibly readable. Highly recommend.

2) It’s bizarre that discussions of “socialism” turn on Venezuela and the USSR instead of Singapore, which was explicitly governed by socialism.
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8086: "The architecture was defined by Stephen P. Morse with some help and assistance by Bruce Ravenel (the architect of the 8087) in refining the final revisions. Logic designer Jim McKevitt and John Bayliss were the lead engineers of the hardware-level development team and Bill Pohlman the manager for the project." I expect the microcode was developed in tandem with the rest of the chip, so probably took about 2 years.
Big and Micro Retrospectives
Ancaps believe that street wars would be notably unprofitable, and competing "rights enforcement agencies" would quickly normalize their relations with one another, in the same way that we don't see Uber and Lyft shooting each other up.

> in what way would private police be different from a Mafia?

If you didn't like the service you were getting, you could stop paying for it.
I share the same view of yours.

btw brilliant or not, it is like a switch flips in their brain once they become an IAS.... emperor of the universe/feudal lord firmware gets installed.
Yeah the whole thing is also way to handwavy when it comes to computational complexity of the encodings.

It also somehow simultaneously assumes the church turing thesis, the existence of non computable reals and arbitrary functions over them at the same time...
One thing I've always wondered: in what ways is the design of microcode instruction-sets for CISC-ISA CPUs, different from the design of outward-presenting RISC ISAs?

For example, does microcode tend to have instructions that "half complete" a transfer-level operation, leaving some registers in an indeterminate state, under the assumption (which is, in practice, a guarantee) that they'll always have another ucode op executed after them that does "the rest of" the operation and so puts things right?

Or, for another example, on CISC CPUs that have a small set of system-visible registers, and use register renaming to map them to a larger register file (e.g. x86_64), do the user-visible register names make it into the microcode; or do the microcode ops function directly on register-file offsets?

To answer these questions, though, we'd probably need a survey of microcode for various CPUs, including modern ones. So I'm not holding my breath. Unless an engineer from Intel or the like wants to jump in!

------

I've also been curious whether there are any lessons in the design of microcode ISAs, that can be applied in the design of abstract-machine bytecode ISAs.

Right now, most bytecode ISAs are semi-idealized RISC ISAs, with some load-time specialization of bytecode into VM-specific ops; but rarely is there recompilation of bytecode into VM-specific microcode. I'm curious why that is.
>I'm sure Ubuntu considers it progress when they can push more people to use their pet project and it's app store nobody can self-host and give less room to its competitor. But is it progress for the users, for whom access to software not available as Snap and not in repos became harder?

The progress being having a single standard -- then all the software will be available for that.

Mixing and matching 2-3 different package/distribution formats to get all of your software because some is available in one and not the other is not ideal, and doesn't lead to a consistent sytem.
One Click AI Photo Enhancer
I wasn't able to find a good one a few weeks ago for any less than around $40 plus the probe, another $20
Those are kinds of decisions that the society should make.
Can we not just say it's greed? "Some people are greedy" and leave it at that? In a sufficiently small and self-governing community, that kind of asshole would be sanctioned, exiled or killed. In a large industrialized society that can't reach any consensus whatsoever on any issue except that economic growth is essential, and that makes that growth its sole unassailable objective, you will get user-hostile software, not to mention user-hostile police, user-hostile employers, user-hostile government, medicine, education, you name it.
Substantially more than 5% will align themselves with sociopaths, out of self-interest (greed or desperation)
This is the nature of mathematics.

Statements and theorems are extremely dense with information, where every word might have a it's own area of study.

Of a problem may begin with something benign like, the following function is blah blah, but even then, the term function is well defined, and you may need to know the intricacies of functions to be able to solve the problem.
Germany in August – Electric Vehicles Crushing It at Record 13.2% Market Share
Fwiw, there's a lot of conflicting information there. Even the doctor who was quoted with the 30-35% number based on Big 10 athletes said it was actually "closer to 10%" the next day once he was all over the news.

Original correction:

https://twitter.com/BonaguraESPN/status/1301644428025540608

Mayo Clinic doctor's who's been advising may sports leagues came out contradicting it.

https://twitter.com/MJAckermanMDPhD (there's a lot here in recent posts)

And here is a more complete interview with him as a followup to this a couple of days ago:

http://dailyorange.com/2020/09/mayo-clinic-doctor-advises-my...

Other team numbers that don't show any significance cases (in Clemson's case, 0 occurrences).

https://twitter.com/ADavidHaleJoint/status/13015813652389560...

NFL has also had zero (trying to locate that source).
Scientists have been getting by pretty well for all of the "writing failure" that you're claiming.

I'm guessing that you think scientific papers are bad because you have a hard time reading them. In reality, you were probably never the intended audience.
They're designed for another experienced researcher in the same field.

You can't cram a year's worth of highly specialized research into three pages without it becoming incredibly dense.
Thanks for the link. You might want to fix the missing 'of' in the first paragraph:

This page describes some the principles behind the design of the API.
Treemapping
Do the work and you can name it whatever you want.
I’m sure there are plenty of secret evil lairs powered by fusion reactors.
I've used Macs for a while, including a few years with exclusively either the magic mouse or magic trackpad. The best setup for me is a Logitech MX Master (still on the 2S for now, as it's hard to justify upgrading) and a magic trackpad for smooth scrolling and gestures (mostly spaces-related for the damn "full-screen video + open notification moving you to another space" scenario). I don't understand why mouse scrolling is so fucking bad when it works so beautifully for their trackpads (and yes I tried some of the available macOS or Chrome software for "smooth scrolling", using either of the MX Master's scrolling modes).
And who makes sure that the authority comes only from the community this authority affects?
>Indeed, I think it would be a terrible and absurd system if the company had to continue paying the person on extended sick leave.

Yet that's typically the case in the US. Large companies typically have short-term disability and long-term disability as part of their benefits plans.

Added: From the government side, there is Social Security disability.
It may be a choice but without a younger generation growing up behind you, the whole house of cards - your life included - all comes down pretty quick. We all benefit from children.

(This is part of why we all pay for public education)
I fear the alternative would be all the good names becoming heavily overloaded: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal.
Given we are talking about nuclear technology, an area more secretive than most, i don't think its an utterly unreasonable qualifier
They managed to persuade Grab to move from Malaysia to Singapore though.

Tech salaries are not poor if you compare them to other South East Asia countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, etc). If you compare them to other professions in Singapore... then I can't say (I don't know).
“My grandfather used to say: Life is astoundingly short. To me, looking back over it, life seems so foreshortened that I scarcely understand, for instance, how a young man can decide to ride over to the next village without being afraid that -not to mention accidents- even the span of a normal happy life may fall far short of the time needed for such a journey.”

- Franz Kafka
If appA needs python3.6 then call it with `python3.6` not `python3`. It can exist in your /usr/bin in parallel with 3.7.
The standard python used by your distribution is python3. I think it's currently the way it's done.
The lack of eponymous names used in category theory, for example, do nothing to aid in learning it. The term functor is no more descriptive than Carnap mapping.
...until the major REITs and large private landlord corps hire private security to kick them out, with extreme violent prejudice to send a message, because who're you gonna call to stop them from brutal and unlawful eviction anyway, once you get rid of the police? It's not like the homeless can afford attorneys for eviction court.
YES. Learning to play fast-paced games with the Apple Mouse was definitely "fun" back when I was a student who couldn't afford another mouse aside from what came with my iMac.
There's an equally annoying problem in software engineering at large corporations (aka Google), where hundreds of services you need to know about are named with some cute name that gives you no idea what the thing actually is.
That convention is nowhere near as common as you present it to be. I was working on systems 30 years ago where the first few arguments were passed in registers. Many such systems. "Everything on the stack" was the rule for register-poor x86, which is why people weaned on DOS/Windows remain attached to it, but even back then it was far from a universal standard.
Ask the hundreds of millions of murdered Chinese or a Russian how well alternatives to capitalism work out.

Maybe the problem isn't the economic model.
if you think maths is bad you should take a look at geology. At least mathematicians stick to their names or names of other mathematicians.
A big problem with fusion systems has always been stabilizing the plasma. Stars do it with gravity, which pulls inward only. Doing it with magnetic fields requires fancy geometry to try to get the effect of a uniform inward push. None of the approaches are all that great.

A few groups have tried active stabilization of plasma. It's being planned for China's new tokomak.[1] The instabilities are on the order of milliseconds, not too fast for active control. This new development may advance that work. Maybe. Possibly.

[1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S09203...
I believe in seperating people from their brilliant works. Appreciating their work/thoughts does not necessarily mean condoning their behavior. One should never accept or propagate inappropriate social cues. However, that does not mean one should lose an opportunity to be wiser by reading and assimilating thier wisdom.

As such nobody is perfect and who ever it may be, let us pick the positive qualities from them, on our way towards becoming a nicer person.
Well, there is nothing that says you can't have proper dependency tracking just because something is statically linked.

Didn't say so. It is just easier with dynamic linking, because you can see what libraries (and versions) a binary is linked against.

But can be built, now that more and more languages have access to language package managers with proper dependency tracking.

Actually, approaches such as Nix' buildRustCrate (where every transitive crate dependency is represented as as a Nix derivation) + declarative package management offer this today.

But with curl | bash or traditional package managers, which are most widely used today, this is kind of dependency tracking hard/ad-hoc.

But can be built, now that more and more languages have access to language package managers with proper dependency tracking.

But then a static C library is used and nobody knows where it came from. Even if you look at the Rust ecosystem, which generally does things well when it comes to dependency handling, crates are all over the place when it comes to native libraries. I have seen everything from crates that use a system library (or something discoverable via pkg-config), via crates that have the library sources as a git submodule and build them as part of the build-script, to crates that download precompiled library from some shared Dropbox link.

Another fun example from another language ecosystem. numpy uses OpenBLAS. They compile their binary wheels on CI. However, OpenBLAS itself is retrieved as a precompiled binary from another project [1]. However, the rabbit hole goes deeper. In case OpenBLAS is built for macOS, a precompiled disk image is retrieved from yet another repository [2]. This disk image is added to that repository, but comes from yet another place.

This is all sort of the opposite the lessons to take from Reflections on Trusting Trust and the bootstrapping that the Guix folks try to do.

Anyway, with the mindset that most developers have, we will never have proper dependency tracking.

[1] https://github.com/MacPython/openblas-libs

[2] https://github.com/MacPython/gfortran-install/tree/d430fe6e3...

[3] http://coudert.name/software/gfortran-4.9.0-Mavericks.dmg.
How does a power structure prevent it? Raiders are a result of people unable to live off their of own labor, generally as a result of the exploitation of others.
You think socialist and communist counties don't have drug addiction problems?
"What's the point of dynamic linking if we then end up shipping half an OS with an application just to get around dependency hell? Might as well ship a pre-linked binary that just does system calls."

I'm curious - are there any Linux distributions that contain nothing but fully static, self-contained binary executables ? As in, ships with no libraries ?
> As for the tragedy of the commons being only transcended in small homogenous groups, that's stretching the definition of small and you can still have norms for larger groups without introducing tons of authority.

I'm not sure what's more of a stretch: defining "farmers in the Swiss Alps" as as "small" community, or suggesting that what works for farmers in the remote Swiss Alps necessarily works for New York City or London or Amsterdam. What happens when people leave their cars parked on the sidewalk? What happens when people litter their dockless bike/scooter-share wherever they please, with no repercussions? What happens when a bicyclist in Brooklyn gets run over by an SUV? What happens if I decide that I like your house, and take it from you by force with my big gun along with my big goon friends, or perhaps even kill you for it? Hell, I live in Brooklyn where there are actual laws and policing RIGHT NOW, and there's still trash littered on the ground, dog walkers occasionally leaving their poop un-picked, and cars sometimes parked on the sidewalk: https://www.google.com/maps/@40.681231,-73.974329,3a,75y,334...

The devil is in the details, and the circumstances that make something work in the Swiss Alps are important, confounding variables. At best, the evidence suggests that minimal order can work in rural agrarian communities, and we see a lot of that play out in rural parts of the US and the EU already.

> If authority turns out to be absolutely necessary, that's okay. It just has to be limited and kept in check.

The vast majority of people agree with this. The contention is at what point this actually turns out to be "absolutely necessary", that's where reasonable people disagree. In an increasingly urbanized and globalized world, the point at which that happens has long since passed. The argument that the GP commenter made can probably rephrased as "anarchy doesn't scale".
With kids, the soul crushing happens up front, and then it gets more rewarding.

Sort of the opposite story.
Sounds reasonable. Let's call this new policy "Ball's Law".
But according to anarchist theory, those thugs wouldn't do that because that would violate anarchy. This is the problem with most political theories. They assume near 100% compliance.
Not sure how feasible or necessary this is in general, but there are certainly some places for improvement.

Some more modern examples than "isosceles":

- Heaviside function → step function (edit: though maybe this one is, amusingly, already descriptive by accident?)

- Fourier domain → frequency domain

While I'm here, just a couple suggestions from me:

- Markov chain → memoryless chain

- Lebesgue integral → horizontal integral
It makes sense, thanks. I guess I hadn't really thought about the fact that having a program written isn't having a program that is mathematically verified (as we likely all know, this is a particularly costly procedure and can hardly be done on extremely complex pieces of software - otherwise everyone would do it). So they run it long enough to "feel" like it is valid enough. And then they can't afford more.

From a software engineer point of view though, it's a bit short-sighted isn't it? I can't imagine anyone writing anything beyond a calculator app (and even that..) would be certifying to you that formal verification could work on their program by simply running it for a while. Durham could have bootstrapped further cash to keep things running once in a while for show and dedicate the rest of his life to mathematically proving as many chunks as possible. But that might just be me obsessing over the concept more than Durham himself..
This was a fantastic essay by a first-wave feminist about the "tyrrany of structurelessness". The idea is basically that if you abolish formal hierarchies, hieararhcies will be established but they'll be informal ones, outside any system of checks and balances. It was dealing with a smaller scale that an entire political system, but it stuck with me and I think it's relevant here: https://www.jofreeman.com/joreen/tyranny.htm
Correct, 15% of athletes who shows some or no symptoms ended up with myocarditis:

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/23/sports/ncaafootball/colle...

If we screened kids who merely tested positive and found 15% had serious longer term reprecussions, how would this change opinion surrounding policy?
So how would you solve it?
Yep; check out how the programming community does it! We have descriptive names for things like "Apache", "React", "nginx", "Rust", and "Java"!
RIP David Graeber. He died just a few days ago
No more descriptive, but IMO more memorable.
Agreed. I can't see the bigotry or harassment here. He's allowed to not like people and express that forcefully.
I’ve said this in a couple of comments but reiterating here, we’re talking about a new event that caused a failure of systems. There are no government systems or subsidies to help working parents who suddenly have no public or private school and who need to balance work with the very sudden needs of providing around the clock childcare. Longer term, yes, it will be great if there is more support similar to medical care leave but an immediate solution was needed and companies did the right thing by offering flexibility to their employees. The medical leave model was put forth because it captures the essence of a required reduction of work (which is what parents are experiencing) compared to a discretionary decision like giving vegans Fridays off. It’s not time yet to take a long view of how equitable this is, we have no idea how long parents will need this flexibility for. If this lasts a year, I don’t think we should look to the government to step in. If this lasts several years, yes, we need to come up with a model that works long term and that will likely require some sort of government action.
Show HN: Contrasting NATS with Kafka
I think the reason is that the concepts are so abstract, no concrete word makes sense. So in the face of an arbitrary choice people use names.

The situation isn't much better in computer science, where now when you look up half the simple nouns in the dictionary, you get some language, tool, or javascript library claiming it.
> Coming from Arch Linux

Genuinely curious, why would you not just keep using Arch?
Years ago, this was actually on the roadmap. Steve Jobs presented iMessage/FaceTime as a cross platform messaging platform. But thanks to patent trolls, this idea never materialized.

https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-20236114
You seemed to miss the part where I, twice, referenced CO2eq emissions per capita from energy along and not country wide.
Apple's iMessage lock-in and the effect it has on teens in the USA is disgusting. I think it's worse and deserves more attention than all of Apple's other atrocities combined; sadly, it won't get it, because it doesn't cause x rich people to lose money. Nobody loses money on iMessage except the parents (likely low-income) which are forced to buy an iPhone because their teens were left out of groups with friends and essentially excluded from socialization in school. This even comes down to bullying and exclusion over something as simple as a "green bubble" or a "blue bubble" just like bullying for having a more affordable brand of shoes. The effects are especially clear in rural places where standard SMS is far less reliable than Wi-Fi-based messaging. Nearly every peer I've asked has stated they know for a fact they would be plum left out of groups if they were to buy a phone without built-in iMessage. Props to Apple for developing the iMessage technology and making it accessible in the ways they already have, but very shameful and evil of them to pit iPhone users against non-iPhone users with something vital to humans like communication just so they can sell more iPhones. They've found a fantastically profitable way to abuse psychology in teens, as if it wasn't already bad enough that they're considered a designer brand. I'm honestly shocked that no one seems to care about this, and I haven't heard much protest other than from the many parents who were forced into buying an iPhone. Just buy an iPhone, problem solved. Just stay in debt to a major mobile carrier. Just keep upgrading. Just stay locked in. I would say the forced iMessage segregation alone is responsible for much of Apple's growth in the USA, and it's disturbing that it's allowed to continue without much protest from anyone.
What about using an electric field?
I'm curious if you feel the same way about programming -- do bad variable and function names only increase the difficult of understanding someone else's code or library by 0.001%?
If there's anything approaching consensus about the "single standard" then maybe, but to me it seems like a good chunk of the ecosystem right now wants Canonicals idea of that to fail, at least in its current form, and instead of attempting to fix the problems and trying to make the user experience more consistent across the different options they try to force it.
Other than his works, he was the prime minister in Maurya empire, credited with its rise. Maurya empire is considered to be one of the greatest Indian empires along with Guptas(known for progress in science, medicine) and Cholas(mercantile empire crossing oceans). It spread west upto present day Afghanistan at its peak. Maurya king Ashoka is quite famous because of this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka#Kalinga_war_and_convers...
Why don't all anarchists live as free people in the woods?

Is it perhaps because they enjoy food, shelters and medicine that anarchism cannot create?
For some reason that version has a large number of audio glitches.

But very recently the Computer History Museum published a cleaned-up version:

https://youtu.be/lw6TaiXzHAE

Good!