skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I couldn't agree more. One of the few things I think Trump has done correctly is that he sunsetted DACA with a timeline that should have been adequate to pass a new law (that was his point actually since the presidential order was not the right way to do it).

Enough people were outraged that it should not have been hard to get something done...but still nothing. Better to place blame on Trump than to make sure a permanent law could be passed.

Oh...and we shouldn't be leaving it up to the courts...by the time its at SCOTUS the damage has been done and everyone's time is wasted.
> Why would a drawing API be needed on a server? For headless rendering?

15 years ago I was driving GD and ImageMagick from PHP to render things like staff ID cards, barcode labels for things, etc.

It was trivial to write a script that would render something quickly and just output raw image data, so you could <img src="whatever.php?name=Joe&department=Meat" /> and the image would be dynamically created and sent with the right MIME type.

Plenty of great use cases for this.
==It's a multifaceted problem that won't be fixed by changing one thing like cars or the roads.==

I don't see anybody suggesting it would. On the other hand, we can't know the negative impact until we study it. Once we study something, we can add it to the list, and stack rank based on cost-benefit.
I think this is some sort of falacy. Everything pollutes, but substituting something polluting a lot, with something polluting half as much, can make a big difference. There are lots of gains to be had in the amount things pollute.
Create a Product Vision That Inspires Teams and Investors with Josh Elman
We know the virus can transmit much further than that indoors, there was a string of infections from someone sitting in a restaurant and the HVAC vent they were sitting near blew it down the row and infected a couple people sitting down wind of them. The same rough thing can happen outside just with shorter distances because the wind is more randomized and will spread out the virus faster.
I'd be really interested to see a comparison of the relative risks between skin cancer and vitamin D deficiency.

A lot of what I've read lately suggests we're discovering a lot of benefits of vitamin D that were previously unknown, and some evidence that the recommended vitamin D levels should be higher than they are.

For a generation or so we've told people the sun is dangerous because of skin cancer, and obviously skin cancer is really bad. But I wonder if we have a case of need to weight risks that are high cost, low probability (skin cancer) compared with low cost, high probability (low vitamins D complications). What is the overall effect of these two things?
While neither azithromycin nor hydroxychloroquine are primarily thought of as anti-virals, both are hypothesized by some to have some anti-viral effect, and it's still unclear whether any potential effects they have on Covid-19 are via such anti-viral effects, or other effects.
For this reason, in northern latitudes, weight limits for trucks drop significantly during the spring season. Shipping water bottles, ice salt and windshield washer in stores becomes a real pain in the ass.
I've never really understood "minutes" as a unit of build work.

What kind of server are we talking about? What CPU? How much RAM? How fast is the storage access? Is my instance virtualized? And if so, do I have dedicated resources?

I have a build that takes around 70 minutes on an 8-core i9 with 32 GB of RAM and M.2 SSDs. What does that translate into for Gitlab "minutes"?
> At some point I feel uncomfortable using a free plan that is obviously unsustainable.

This describes how I've felt about Discord for years.
Completely unsurprised.

Experimentation-done-right is too expensive and too ambiguous to sell as a product. Every product experiment requires a complex set up, a lengthy running period across a huge base of users, and then heavy analysis in order to achieve statistical confidence over a specific feature's impact on a business metric. That "confidence" is often represented by a subpercentage point that may or may not be statistically significant. Fun problem for the data scientist, plain hell for the PM.

In my company which uses experimentation for everything, each A/B test requires two weeks before the Product Manager can even see the results. Two weeks of waiting for a confusing, contradictory dashboard that can't be taken at face value, that needs careful, human analysis before it can be called a "win".

That slowness is fine for high-traffic, high-risk & high-value lines of business. But it's not fine when you're releasing feature that aren't just optimizations.

Competitors like LaunchDarkly and Split.io have recognized that critical difference, I think. They know that causality is expensive, and are particularly aware that the fine line between feature release and metrics impact is tied too heavily with a company's politics, i.e. it chafes against the intuition of executives.

Instead, they offer experimentation as an add-on to their developer tools. You can experiment if you need to, but it doesn't obligate you to do so.

That goal is much more realistic than the Optimizely's current goal: "helping our customers win in a digital-first world".
Not necessarily. Can you not run because you have mild asthma / a weak heart, or because you never ran? It's hard to tell the difference between the two. Same here.

Over-diagnosing is a real problem, it's the opposite end of "victim blaming", but it's also a dangerous extreme.

There are people who can't focus on anything who don't have ADHD. Willpower is directly trainable through a number of things - working memory exercises, physical exercise, practicing it, meditation, etc.
> in healthy projects build times are dwarfed by the time it takes to run tests

I don't doubt that's often true but many Rust projects may be outliers here. A full, non-incremental build of a Rust project involves building all of its dependencies. This can add significant amounts of time if a project uses a big framework like Actix-web, which adds many dependencies.

My tests however run very quickly, ~1ms each. So running thousands of tests only takes a few seconds, even on relatively slow gitlab runners.
When I first came to Go, I'd heard a lot of people speak profusely about CSP and how Go made concurrency easy. I was disappointed at just how not easy it was.

For example, Go has no generic support for atomic primitives, arrays, slices, or maps. It has sync/atomic, but it's not generic. I always reach for Uber's atomic library, which has typesafe atomic wrappers such as atomic.Bool. They're so common, you'd think a CSP-aware language would provide keywords declare things atomic:

var b atomic[bool]
if cas(b, false, true) {
...
}

"Classical" Go didn't have errgroups, contexts or cancellation. To build something truly robust, "modern" Go ends up involving all three (plus atomics, of course). That's because almost all complex situations need to build what are effectively nested trees of goroutines that all need to quickly abort and unwind on errors or panics.

But as you use more and more of these primitives, your code (or at least my code) becomes more and more obscured by the layers of error-handling, cancel-detection, retrying, and so on. I really wish some of this was built into the language, especially cancellation. For example, channels don't support contexts. So if you have a loop like this:

for evt := range taskCh {
handle(evt)
}

...then you have to rewrite it to support cancellation. So you have a few options. One is to select on both the channel and context:

for {
select {
case evt := <-taskCh:
handle(evt)
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
}
}

Because of this, you can no longer use a for loop. Immediately the code got more bloated and less readable.

Another option is to spawn a goroutine whose only job is to abort the channel:

go func() {
<-ctx.Done()
close(ch)
}()
for evt := range taskCh {
handle(evt)
}
return ctx.Err()

That's a bit better (and you could move the for loop into its own function for clarify, without changing anything else). But it's still worse than a simple for loop!

As a real-world example, here [1] is some code I've been working on lately. A controller starts N workers that need to process a task queue. If the controller is stopped, all the workers need to stop. So I use the pattern above. But I can't use a for loop! That's because I use a task queue abstraction that needs to support features that Go channels don't.

I can't use a for loop or select block to block on the task queue, because only channels support that. So that's another problem with Go: Often, you can use raw channels as your data processing primitive if things are simple enough, but in practice, channels are best for coordination, and you have to build your own primitives — and yet, by building those primitives, you lose language expressiveness.

To address the concrete example, I'd love to do this instead:

// Range over task queue (custom object with blocking
// semantics), automatically cancel if ctx is cancelled
for task := range taskQueue with ctx {
handle(task)
}

[1] https://gist.github.com/atombender/6bcff2c2d8fec32bc80ce1f57...
CVE-2020-9715: Exploiting a Use-After-Free in Adobe Reader
Why would it fail within 5 years? Isn't the usual lifespan of those pumps 10-15 years?
Location: Sri Lanka

Remote: yes

Willing to relocate: yes

Technologies: ruby on rails, elixir, Docker, AWS, Elasticsearch, pgsql, React

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/oshanz/

Email: warunaoshan@gmail.com
Thank $GOD for Bouncy Castle.
Sounds like we need to expand our rail capacity. Our current rail freight capacity is near 100%.
Audio interview With Andy Matuschak by the Muse team on tools for thought
A few things came to mind for me:

- Many of these emissions are described as being from paving, so more frequent repaving caused by increased wear would aggravate the issue.

- These issues seem to be related to temperature, and I suspect that the increased wear by heavier vehicles is largely caused by increased friction (which would increase temperature-related emissions).

- Cracks and potholes expose more asphalt, and are largely caused by the heavier vehicles.
Here's a 1/2 hour webcast on the interaction of programming language and software lifecycle costs. Not too old. https://www.vdcresearch.com/_documents/briefs/IoT/18-Control...

Here's extensive research results based on function point analysis. http://www.ifpug.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/IYSM.-Thirty...

Whole lotta' mything going on!
I'm suggesting that $4 per month where I have to estimate the number of requests I will actually make is actually not that good of a value compared to self hosting on a raspberry pi.

The devices will pay for themselves within the first year and generally my philosophy is to avoid building your operation around 50 services cobbled together because there is a possibility you will spend more dev time trying to understand a service's idiosyncracies than actually just rolling your own.
I have had a similar experience.
That’s a real shame. “Bullshit Jobs: A Theory” really affected my world view, we lost him too soon.
Any cyclist and most road workers I expect are saying, “no shit, Sherlock” right about now. That stuff reeks. It’s awful. And we lay it a mile at a time.
I'd still argue that a person with "everything going for them" can still have a "reason" to be depressed. Maybe they do a really good duck impression -- calm on the surface, kicking frantically below. That is, maybe there is something wrong with their life or their past that isn't visible to others, or even to themselves. Or maybe they have been pursuing the checklists of society and found that they aren't personally fulfilled by them, and must seek fulfillment elsewhere. Maybe they have a desire to be living one kind of life but can only excel in a different kind of life that only looks good from the outside.
I can see how you can come to this conclusion from this sentence, but it's a vague sentence with slightly-wrong premises, which leads you to this conclusion. If you're a programmer, I think you may appreciate this situation when others talk about your work.

I can address some parts of this.

"HFT works by reacting faster than another market participant"

- There are a bunch of different HFT strategies. In this case, we're usually talking about market making, which means you are placing limit orders at a price where you don't believe it will execute immediately. You can react to many things - price movements, events, anything.
- In placing a resting order, where is there an assumption that another participant was willing to do the same trade? Sometimes (pretty often) all the orders on a price level are HFT participants, and if you look at the market feed it's pretty easy to tell.
- In that case (which I claim is pretty common), the liquidity was not already there.
- If we consider that average spread sizes have reduced significantly with electronification and HFT, then you also disprove this assumption that "the liquidity was already there". Liquidity is not just the willingness to buy or sell, it's also the willingness to buy and sell at a competitive price. Otherwise, I mean, I'm always willing to pick up TSLA at $.01, and I'm always willing to sell TSLA at $500k. Doesn't mean I'm providing liquidity.

"They won't do a trade if there's no one to instantly sell to"

- That's simply not true. If you've taken a look at the order book, the fact that an HFT order is resting on the book (and not executed) means that there was nobody to instantly sell to.
- Are you suggesting that HFT firms all know that someone is going to come through and buy at a price level, and hop in? Flash Boys suggests this (and it's possible to infer some "whale" actions if they route their orders poorly), and that type of inference is possible sometimes, due in part to the way the US Equities ecosystem is set up. But I'll also ask you - have you thought about the order of operations in which someone might "know that there is someone to instantly sell to?" Consider the CME (futures exchange), where there's a ton of HFT, and for which there are no other markets. How is your sentence supposed to work?
- Also, perhaps empirically, that was simply not true for my firm, which was (and still is) a pretty successful one.
I don't know, I feel like

> A legislator's primary goal is to get reelected

is the more pressing problem to issue first. Is their "primary goal" not to legislate first? Pandering to the court of public opinion in order to secure re-election seems like it would also cause all sorts of conflicting incentives.
I usually explicitly tell devs to not worry about React internals. Let React decide when to re-render or how to batch state updates. React's API is small, developer time is better spent understanding the API than wondering how React works under the hood.

That said it's still a mental shift. Sometimes I feel like I'm writing React and not writing JavaScript.
This article of his I found particularly profound: https://thebaffler.com/salvos/whats-the-point-if-we-cant-hav...

> Why do animals play? Well, why shouldn’t they? The real question is: Why does the existence of action carried out for the sheer pleasure of acting, the exertion of powers for the sheer pleasure of exerting them, strike us as mysterious? What does it tell us about ourselves that we instinctively assume that it is?

For anyone who was influenced by Dawkins in high school it's a breath of fresh air, our world doesn't have to be bound to dogmatic religion or even dogmatic selfishness.
Apple to delay privacy change threatening Facebook, mobile ad market
That’s an oversimplification, if nothing else because you can spend money to save money. Likewise you can make a monetary expenditure to prevent other more environmentally costly expenditures.
I don't think that's necessarily a very good or helpful approximation. It's very cheap to send vaste chemicals into the sea. It's more expensive to capture them -- and while it might pollute to build a good capture system, it'll _very_ quickly be outweighed by not sending the stuff into the sea.
I know I work at Microsoft and this is going to sound bad but...at what stage is it other companies doing EEE?
OK let's look at reality here. Anything on this earth can be formalized into a mathematical theory. That doesn't mean every formalization is accepted and accredited by academia.

This book has like three reviews on amazon and in general a formal theory doesn't exist. You won't find a formal theory about OOP calculi on wikipedia.

There are thousands of people in academia and of course at least one of them will attempt to formalize OOP. But largely said and done, overall there is no formal theory that is well accepted. Just random arbitrary attempts at formalization.
Whole building climate control doesn't mean all units are set to the same temperature! The discussion is specifically about a zoning hvac systems and billing for them.

HVAC systems unfortunately don't work as nicely as you describe. You can't run the HVAC for just one unit, typically buildings are broken down into floors and either the system for the floor is on or off. This is how you see multi-tenant offices designed -- each floor is submetered and the cost is divided proportionally among the tenants on that floor based on square footage. The zoning works by controlling airflow in the ducts. So while your billing system is clever it would be absolute murder if you were the only one running AC/Heat and you would be much better off with a smaller individual unit.
I thought it was roughly to the 4th power of the vehicle? At least that's what this chart [1] suggests and I've heard in a few engineering podcasts

[1] https://streets.mn/2016/07/07/chart-of-the-day-vehicle-weigh...
I have no idea if it's true, it was just one of those comments that you don't forget reading.
At the time I posted I didn't see much shade being thrown at the author.

As for votes I see no reason to interpret them in any particular way.
It isn't the expansion but the loss of control. Large government is fine as long as it serves the people. Large government doesn't also have to mean millions of rules.

Civil society also doesn't have to be tied directly to government. America's biggest problems is that we are shedding norms faster than we acquiring them.

I had a conversation with a business ethics professor, and every one of her students for the most part want to work at Amazon and they have favorable opinions about Amazon's means and methods. Corn pone and all that. The lust for money has too large of an effect on our society.
I disagree with the statement that "all is on you is caused by you" (_or maybe it's not your direct point_) although that's what it is in reality when dealing with bullying, from the bully point of view.

I agree completely that countries are not bound by law or any centralize law or government/authority (_Jokes on you UN_), I don't mean countries having human emotions, after all, they have their interest, as long as their interest is met, they do what they can do, be it US, UK, Iran or any other country, even their mutual alliance is for their own interest (_which could be with compromises as well, such as JCPOA accepted by Iran_)

As an ordinary citizen, I'm outraged by the situation (_that's so far I can do_) and how it has affected my life and loved ones. Was I looking at Iran government and say "why our gov is not friend and doesn't do what they say so it's could be blue sky and peaceful life?", I did but later looking more closely and looking at events and see how thing turned out to be it was clear I can't say "Iran/we deserve it because we don't do what they telling us to do."

Like many others I had great hopes with JCPOA and I witnessed how it fallen apart by US unilaterally. Tell me honestly, buying commercial airplanes risks the global security while people in Iran have to fly with +40 years old commercial planes ?

> Arab-states and Israel is a direct response to Iran as well.

Yes, exactly, isn't nice that both countries joined together to counter the "bogeyman" that has been created ?

If I keep telling you Mexico will someday take all American jobs and all the drug dealers are Mexicans, eventually someone gonna take advantage of the situation and gonna come and say, "let's build a wall" and many will vote for him to do that.

The greatest mistakes Iranian did was to do a revolution and have new government, suddenly all the universe hated them and we have our neighbor knocking on the door and invade us :D

I agree with you, it's unfair, it's what it is and how it is right now in the current time and all I'm saying is, well, it's unfair and I hate it that many people point out "If Iran doesn't like it, they can change and submit", niet, it hasn't ever happened and will not happen.

The oppressed will be always to blame by the _oppressor_. Fun fact, "De oppresso liber", taught to 65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade of Iran by their long ago American friend and has been with them ever since.

Take care you good sir ;)
Call-for-Code/Al-Wasl.Connect
Ada's type system allows you to separate the high-level specification of a type (which models a problem) and its low-level representation (size, alignment, bit/byte order, etc.). The language also requires explicit conversions for two different types even if their underlying representation on the hardware is the same.

Example 1:

type Byte_Count is range 1 .. 4
with Static_Predicate => Byte_Count in 1 | 2 | 4; -- Aspects are Ada 2012

type Component_Count is range 1 .. 4;

V1 : Byte_Count := 3; -- compiler error: expression fails predicate check
V2 : Component_Count := V1; -- compiler error: requires explicit conversion

For these two types I'm not really concerned about how they are represented by the hardware, but I could if I needed to.

Example 2:

Extra constraints added to some pre-defined types:

subtype String8 is String
with Dynamic_Predicate => String8'Length <= 8;

subtype Even_Integer is Integer
with Dynamic_Predicate => Even_Integer mod 2 = 0,
Predicate_Failure => "Even_Integer must be a multiple of 2";

Example 3:

Use big-endian for some network packets:

type Packet_Type is record
Header : Header_Type;
Data : Data_Type;
end record;

Low-level representation (placed in the private part of a package spec):

for Packet_Type use record
Header at 0 range 0 .. 255;
Data at 0 range 256 .. 1855;
end record;

for Packet_Type'Bit_Order use System.High_Order_First;
for Packet_Type'Scalar_Storage_Order use System.High_Order_First;
for Packet_Type'Size use 232 * System.Storage_Unit;
lol, no, that's the future of democracy.
All that fresh water can certainly cause problems.
I'm labeling specific content based on reason, not using weakly defined identity as a flag for concern.

So, similar concerns, different approaches that yield very different results.
Oh man, I've wanted to do something like this for a while, but I didn't know the software to do it had already been written, and also I don't have a VR headset.

So you can have it render an object which shows different colors to different eyes, while rendering the rest of the scene normally?

What software supports this?
The title you submitted ("Florida is a police state") badly broke the HN guideline against editorializing in titles:

"Please use the original title, unless it is misleading or linkbait; don't editorialize."

Accounts that do that eventually lose submission privileges, so please don't do that. If you want to offer your interpretation of the article or the facts, that's totally fine, but do it in the comments, so your view is on a level playing field with everyone else's. On HN, being the one to submit a story doesn't confer any special rights over it. This is important because titles have by far the biggest influence.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
The state has forfeited responsibility for the well being of citizens in its devotion to corporate interests, and capital doesn't give a shit because it will always be more profitable to build enclaves for the rich than limit any production.