skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Really? Footprint of manufacturing a renewables based plant worse than building huge concrete buidling? Do you have data to support this?

As I currently do not have access to my list of sources, I'll have to get back to you on that later.

> Of course I am talking about operational waste storage.

Then nuclear wins, due to how compact the spent fuel/irradiated material is. Along with the HLW decaying rather quickly, while MLW and LLW not being hard to contain for a relatively long time (Enough to have it fall close to, or below background radiation levels)

> Rare earth mining has so much smaller scale than Uranium mining however.

I currently lack access to my bookmarks on that either.

> I honestly do not understand why are molten salt power plants not more popular. They have essentially zero pollution, they do not use anything exotic, relatively low tech, can run even during dark hours.

My guess is because you need to have either a lot of sunlight or use up quite a bit of land area to get a decent amount of energy out of it. Also frying birds that fly through it.

> We do not have energy grid which would cover whole or most of the world. Once it covers USA, Russian and China there will be no need to store renwable energy.

I don't think that is feasible in a timespan where we don't get power satellites before. And that would change the whole discussion on a fundamental level anyways. So, in my eyes it is a moot point. Along with some areas just being unable to produce enough energy to support the rest when needed. Eg.: During the northern hemisphere winter, solar output would be quite a bit lower.

And that is before even getting into the losses of transportation.
Netflix: Top Technology Skills and 10 Jobs It Wants
Can you elaborate? What are the juniors stuck on? Usually if a junior doesn't understand something it means the naming/structure is not as clear as you think. One of my favourite things as a senior is having a junior peer review my code, the places they have questions is a great sign the change needs work.
Obligatory: https://xkcd.com/978/
music action
This is how it works in European countries, e.g. France. “Race” never figures in any government documents, forms and surveys. Mentioning someone’s race considered to be somewhat rude and is regarded as a thing of the past. Not everybody is race-agnostic, but all government organizations and all businesses are required to be race-agnostic by law. This includes never asking about race, particularly in forms and surveys. Identity politics is actively _discouraged_.

I wonder why it is different in America.
What Is Flutter and Dart?
The linked document has nothing to do with climate change denial, but with climate justice, which was one of the main talking points of the school strikes last year, and also concerns the UN: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/clima.... See also https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-climate/

> We deny it’s solvable without ideological tarnishments.

No matter how you put it, climate change is completely unsolvable without politcs, because solving climate change requires, most of all, cooperation between countries.
These descriptions are way too complicated.

If I have a check account with $0 balance and you have the same we have no money. If I write a check for $100 and you deposit it suddenly you have money - created from thin air.
Stop Doing It Wrong: How to Kill Your CPU Cooler (AIO Mounting Orientation)
The advantage is that all of those divisions are clearly marked on the ruler, so it’s easy to align your line/cut with it.

In contrast, cutting a 10cm thing in thirds or quarters requires estimating the point 0.33 or 0.25 of the way between marks, which is perceptually harder.
I mean the whole point of this is to have a crawler who look for the texts in your links, index them, then you can search a link when you just vaguely remember something the page in question mentioned.
I honestly can't tell if you're being sarcastic or not. I can think of ways going for specific formula could be both better and worse. The localised error messages are also a double edged sword - if you can solve your own problem based on the message, they're better, but if you need to Google it your chances of finding a solution go down due to fewer hits.
The debate around safety in nuclear power is kind tangential to the larger issue: what do you do with all this radioactive material when you’re done with it?

This is a much trickier issue and is largely why countries like Germany have started to phase out nuclear power plants. But the US treats the whole world as their dumping ground and as long as they are the global imperial power, they can probably just dump radioactive waste in some poor part of the world.
This is good stuff. I see negative rates as the "stability tax", which is why the leader is Switzerland. As you say, the real work has to be done in fiscal policy.
Countries can be divided into two groups:

* Those with the metric system

* Those who have been to the moon.
Is it only a signup form for the waiting list? It is better to wait and submit it when you have a working implementation.
> So I suppose I put it to you that there is something special about the IOUs created by banks - they are legally allowed to used.

IANAL, but the IOUs created by Full Tilt Poker were also legal to use. When the government eventually pressed charges in the debacle, no charges were pressed against regular players of the poker site, including those who used these IOUs for small economic activity. If using these IOUs would have been illegal, then surely the government would have pressed at least some charges after spending years investigating the case?

But anyway, even if _using_ the IOUs was not illegal, creating them like a fractional reserve bank surely was illegal. So you definitely have a point that the regulatory environment creates a special status for the legal tender of the country.
In my humble opinion, the article is too complex and the topic at hand could be explained in an easier way:

-banks can create money when they issue a loan, because, if all things go well, the created money will create wealth.

-banks cannot create money when they return money to depositors, if they don't have that money, because if they did the created money would not correspond to created wealth.

I.e. fractional reserve banking exists because what can be created with money, i.e. the actual wealth, can come after money is created, and not before: first money is created out of thin air, then that is used to pay people, which create wealth. The old system with the gold standard was limited because it depended on the amount of gold that existed.
How to use ventilation and air filtration to prevent the spread of Covid indoors
Tuberculosis
> We charge 39$/month flat, no limitations on the number of users, links, lists.

Um wow. Does anyone actually pay that price?
What does that mean? Promise is an excellent one word description of the underlying phenomenon. Your language promises that the code will finish executing before the code you place in your then/error blocks allowing you to safely write some asynchronous logic in a synchronous world.
It would be such a relief if they went under, I am so tired of pinterest thumbnails (just copies of other images on the net, but low res, appearing first and unusable) polluting my image search results! Just this weekend I installed a plugin called Unpinterested to add -site:pinterest.* to all searches automatically- instant relief.
Better because of Italian, Ruby or actual technology behind it?
But how can the PlayerClass trait methods get extended in the future without opening them back up to add cases to the match expression?
Base money (both cash and central bank reserves) is often emitted through short-term repo operations. If a bank wants some base money (e.g. to put some banknotes in ATMs), it sells central bank some (usually government) bonds with promise to repurchase it after a fixed time limit (e.g. 14 days, done in periodic rounds). That is essentially a lease agreement with different legal detais.

So it is essentially an IOU for bonds, just not redeemable in retail (by individuals) but in bulk (by commercial banks). If commercial bank wants 'redeem' some cash (for bonds), then it just acquire less cash in the next round of repo operations.
I presume the Dalai Lama considers himself to be Tibetan.

Now, perhaps you would consider that we ought to demand people's "nationality" be an actual UN member state which counts them as a citizen and since Tibet isn't a member... That's a bit awkward though because the "One China" policy ensures neither the Republic (in Taiwan) nor the PRC will allow the other to be a UN member at the same time as them.

Also I find that I doubt we demand most people have documentary proof. Not taking their word for it is already a bit weird unless you're a border official. Is Samantha Bee really Canadian? I mean, she says she is so I just assumed...
> exactly the speed of light
*causality

The speed of light is variable, the speed of causality isn't.
Yes, it's a feedback loop.

If the value created from the loan covers the interest, then the whole thing is a net positive for the economy,

otherwise it's a net negative.
Ask HN: What’s an industry secret in the field you work in?
That's why rights can be broken down into two kinds: positive rights (which entail an obligation on somebody else's part to do something) and negative rights (which only entail an obligation on somebody else's part not to do something to you): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights. The nice thing about negative rights is they generally don't conflict, and freedom from unwanted medical treatment is a negative right.
Nationality: Chinese*

* verbose explanation why this might be disputed
For those also wondering how much the lease would've been:

> Pinterest, ..., said its lease obligations for the Bluxome project would have been at least $440 million.

Source: https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Pinterest-cance...
What page were you on, exactly? I can't seem to reproduce the issue that you're seeing.

Could there be an extension that is causing this?
Vercel Monorepos
>* Does anyone actually understand how money works, or are people trying to rationalize what we already have?

I would say, no.. considering the divergence of expert opinions. Limited consensus have formed around high profile economists (eg Keynes, Friedman) but generally erodes as history throws up new examples that don't fit neatly into popular theories.

Monetarism is still the working understanding behind most central banking, but japanese staglation and later events (arguably including the current covid economy) have demoted it from "a theory of the truth about money" to "a method of doing central banking."

I do think that since pure fiat currency became the norm in the 70s, our understanding of money has improved. We are forced to conclude that "the truth about money" can only be found in financial systems, because there is nothing else anymore.

It's not really a question academics are trying to answer, atm. One reason is that trying to answer "what is money" is associated with all sorts of ideological quackery with a bad reputation. Another reason is that high prestige economics deals with a more pertinent question: "what should central banks and regulator do."

The economist who answers this question becomes the next JM Keynes or M Friedman. At the least, he becomes a central bank governor. This limits the field of search to stuff a central bank can do. Economic understandings are also generally curbed by what can be measured, and this also limits the field of search.

> * All that really matters (to me) is the value is relatively stable and it doesn't create a crazy imbalance of power.

> * Money does an okay job maintaining a stable value for some stuff (e.g. food), but an incredibly lousy job for other stuff (e.g. land).

These are not universally agreed to be products of monetary systems. Stability is, under the current theories used by central banks (mostly monetarism) but the others are explicitly "out of theory."
BTRFS at this point feels a lot like a sunk cost fallacy - it proved its unreliability too many times over the years, and working on it feels like throwing good money after bad.

Understandably some people may be more interested in not losing their data than the licensing headaches it may come with, so ZFS it is.

Some, like yours truly, run FreeBSD on their NAS, where there are no license issues either, and are very happy it rebased on OpenZFS recently.
They have billions of users, it's not scalable to treat each of them individually. So, they take more scalable approaches to identify problems and assess user satisfaction. That means that an individual should expect not to have much influence over the direction the product takes and which bugs are prioritized.
It may be a bit easier to implement that rolling something completely new on your own, but why would one do that this way, mixing a binary float with a decimal one, and forcing the decimal to be in the [0,1) range, giving up about a quarter of the bits in the decimal value and, on average, I guess about 5½ bits in the float part?

For example, for positive numbers less than 1,000/1,000,000, adding those 64 bits for a double to a decimal only gets you 3/6 more decimal digits, or about 10/20 bits.

Also, with typical floats, the interval between successive representable values doesn’t get lower the larger the absolute value gets, but here, as an example, the value 2^1000+10^-25 is representable exactly in this format, but 2^1000+1 isn’t.
> But we can't ramp up production that quickly regardless.

That is, arguably, what makes this such a bonkers decision. Given that, around the world, production has started on phase 3 candidates, with no guarantee they'll ever be usable, skipping phase 3 doesn't really bring forward the time that a vaccine would see significant penetration. Doing so seems like a lot of risk for negligible benefit; it won't lead to saturation any quicker. And if anything goes wrong, the consequences, both immediate and in long-term damage to trust in the institutions, are potentially dramatic.

In fact, even if there are no negative medical effects, this could _still_ damage trust significantly. And raise significant ethical issues for medical professionals.
Also, sometimes, translations have a different (perceived) meaning.

A pet peeve of mine is "by default".

In Italian it is translated (correctly) "per difetto", and it is "fine" when other people already know the term, but otherways "difetto" is also the translation of "defect", and you will have a tough time explaining to a layman that it is not a "defect" in that other sense.

Another "queer" word (I found it in the Italian version of some database tools) is "ometti" (which is the correct translation of "omit") but that actually I normally read as "little men".

In Excel there is "MODE" (statistical function) that is translated into "MODA" which I read as "fashion" and "MOD" (modulo operation) which is translated into "RESTO" (which has a more common meaning of "change" in the sense of what a cashier gives you back when you pay besides that of "remainder").
A variety of trading systems, an online multiplayer game.
Redhat has a problem that Fedora doesn't have: they stick to a kernel version through the entire release life cycle. In other words, they are stuck with a specific kernel for at least 10 years.

Btrfs goes though a rapid development; so Redhat has to backport everything to their ancient 3.10 (RHEL7) kernel all the time. That's a lot of work.

Fedora, on the other hand, uses current kernels. They do not have to do this work.

Redhat also cannot choose ZFS while in the license limbo; that's why they push for Stratis.
Cash vaulting is fairly expensive. And once everybody starts to do it, you see a different problem - it becomes hard to get hold of the physical cash in order to store it!

This used to manifest as "hoarding specie", but economies have also hit deflationary problems of hoarding physical cash. Not sure what that would look like in a world of widespread electronic payments. You'd probably have to pay a premium to get cash from an ATM. Banks would start making it easier to deposit small business cash and harder to obtain rolls of change. Eventually at high enough negative rates people would be paying an (electronic) premium on the face value - you give me a $10 bill and I paypal you $10.50?
In which countries? The Tuberculosis vaccine is generally not even given in the US, let alone mandatory.
Ask HN: Programming Podcasts?
I’m curious to hear what other HNers listen to.

I’ll start us off with: Lex Fridman Podcast.
My mistake. I thought hectares predated their current size.
It may be expensive to develop but it need not be expensive to produce. Look at all of the technologies and products enabled by computers.

Sure, it cost a fortune to develop computers from nothing and miniaturize them to the scale we have today. But now anyone can grab a cheap RPi off the shelf and use it to build something that would’ve been amazingly difficult to do 50 years ago.

If we manage to develop drones and robots to the point where they’re mosquito sized, we could find a million uses for them. They could become so cheap weed buy them by the thousands and program them for whatever tasks we want. And of course they could be larger as well; wasp sized rather than mosquito.

I’m not expecting the cartels to develop this technology, of course. But I can envision how they’d use it and it’s pretty terrifying.
Countries that condemn China vs. those that support China on Uyghur crisis
In July 2019, 22 countries wrote a letter to UNHRC condemning China's atrocities against Uyghurs.

In response, 50 nations wrote a counter letter praising China for remarkable efforts in promoting human rights through development.

None of the 22 countries was a Muslim nation.
A Paycheck for Everyone Whether You Work or Not?
> hiding in plain site

Easy bugs hiding in plain sight, you say?
The Case for a Post-Covid Spending Boom
The EU had rules about standard sizes for most packaged food, which probably influenced this. I can't find what they were for fruit juice -- the rule was abolished in 2007 (or 2002?), since surveys showed people who cared about the price would look at the "per 100mL" indication on the shelf anyway.

Different European countries produced different fruits (citrus, apples etc), but I've not noticed that e.g. apple juice is in larger containers in Britain, and orange juice in Spain. If anything, the trend is to smaller containers, for variety and health.

https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/goods/building-blo...
America historically developed much more race-based laws (e.g. segregation laws, anti-miscegenation laws, and racially motivated immigration laws, as well as a close association between race and the institution of slavery). As a result, race has become much more entrenched as something with legal status in America than in Europe.
Thanks, instant install. This has annoyed me for years.
I actually liked the mixed language approach (keywords/library functions in english, my stuff localized) when I've learned programming (and did not speak english well):

Even then, you can learn the keywords and standard library function names easily - but to name things, that needs a different level of language knowledge.

So teaching in mixed languages is a good compromise. And it is also very helpful to immediately distinguish between things that were already there, and things have been defined in the actual program. I remember this being a helpful feature to learn language/stdlib by simply reading others code.

The more I think of it: it would be good to get back this kind of easy differentiation (maybe with IDE extension?) now...

On the other hand Scratch have localization support, and lack of syntax errors - maybe the two largest blockers for smaller children...
Maybe the issue they are doing too much dev and less contact with real users. You can unit test all your code but you can't cover all possible real data, so you need to accept user feedback. Sometime ago in one of our products there was an issue with RTL languages, as a developer it was first time I hit this concept, I got the report, I informed myself, I fixed the issue,the ticket was closed,the user was happy. In this case it is clear the developer assumed that they can always find someone picture, the assumption is wrong but probably all the TDD and good dev practices won't catch this issue until someone listens to the user reports.
Digital Innovation in a post Covid-19 world?
Indeed, the lack of proper subjunctive forms in combination with subordinate clauses isn’t something you’d expect when claiming to protect proper use of the Italian language
A Sip of Elixir – Evaluating a New Tech Stack
Really? I always understood it as "we promise you this thing but all we can give you now is the promise".
Look into Tron script (https://www.reddit.com/r/TronScript/comments/idcg0v/tron_v11...) to gain more control over updates and such. I use this on my machine and it works well.
> how it works in European countries

some European countries

Some are ahead of the curve, some are so far behind due to fairly homogenous population, that the issue of race is not something anyone making forms thinks about. (because they never expect to meet a non-Slavic person for example)
> I foresee a lot of firms reducing the offices...Perhaps something like a day or two in the office for meetings,

would you invest in wework if they become the biggest provider of these prefurnished, time-share offices?
Sorry actually it's not an extension, it's a "controller". It attaches to the debugging port of your Chrome instance.

I tried implementing it as an extension but there's a lot of (undocumented) differences to using CRDP [0] over websocket and over chrome.debugger extension API, so for now I gave up on the extension part of it.

[0]: https://chromedevtools.github.io/devtools-protocol/

[1]: https://developer.chrome.com/extensions/debugger
I list podcasts I listen to here: https://wiki.nikitavoloboev.xyz/podcasts
I also got the UBPorts Community Edition. I highly recommend installing postmarketOS or something else. Ubuntu Touch has this strange locked down approach, mounting the FS read-only and forcing a [buggy] gui on you. With pmOS I can install programs I'm familiar with from my computer, use the package manager over ssh and update everything with one command, view processes in htop, edit things in vim, etc. It's a lot of fun now, and I was rather miserable when I used Ubuntu Touch the first couple days I had it.
pmOS also supports LUKS full disk encryption at install time, which is pretty cool.
The coming Tony Hawk game remasters will rename "mute grab" with the support of the person who invented the move for a similar reason.

https://www.si.com/extra-mustard/2020/08/13/tony-hawk-pro-sk...

Sometimes it takes a long time for people to think about the words and phrases they pick up.
At present math is the only tool that works though. I would even go a bit further and say that math isn’t only a tool but it’s a device that provides a deeper understanding and intuition. A metaphor that jumps to mind is that of woodworking. Woodworking tools are not just necessary to shape the wood. They also allow you to feel the grain and other properties of the wood, providing for a deeper understanding.