skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There's some research showing that estrogen/androgen receptor signalling plays a part in sex-differential disease severity in SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Incidentally, i love how some suggested pharmacotherapeutic agents include, like, nonsteroidal antiandrogens, GnRHa's, straight-up estradiol, and, of all things, spironolactone.

https://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/10/6/779

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5450662/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7233687/

https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajplung.001...

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.20179671v...

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/198/10/4046.full.p...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7191632/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7363620/

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11906-020-01073-x
Not sure about that. There are known genetic influences for risk aversion. If risk averse folks wear masks, and suffer less/survive more, then this potentially could be an evolutionary mechanism.
What I haven't seen is any mention of what happens to all the pilots out there. Between COVID and now this, it seems like the path of a great middle/upper middle class job that's lasted for decades is doomed. For UPS/Fedex, I would also guess that the salary of the pilot is effectively a rounding error on all of the total costs of transporting objects around the world.

What are your thoughts on this?
It actually does

I cherry picked infant mortality rate because I didn't want to pick the most embarrassing US stats, like life expectancy (lowest in the west despite the highest healthcare spending per capita) and homicide rate (4 times the Nigeria, 6 times China, 10 times Europe)

The fact that even little Estonia can handle infant mortality rate better than a superpower like USA it's kinda revealing

I'm also quite sure that if I picked China and its almost double infant mortality rate you wouldn't have though I was cherry picking

US is good at making money, but it's not a good indicator that they know how to spend them the right way

> The numbers in the U.S. are partly driven by gun deaths. From 2001 to 2010, 15-to-19-year-olds were 82 times more likely to die from gun violence in the U.S. than in other wealthy countries. Thakrar also attributes the higher U.S. child and infant mortality rates to a lack of preventative care.

Thakrar is Ashish Thakrar, medical resident at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Health System.
I don't think that the downtime of a nuclear reactor is similar to wind and solar (less often and can be scheduled).

Thanks for the explanation on CFD. One of the advantages of nuclear is its predictability, it seems unfortunate if this isn't what was bought by the UK.
I believe this is speculated to have happened with an Airbus doing a low pass or touch-and-go at an airshow. The aircraft seemed to believe it was landing, the captain was requesting TOGA thrust.

Airbus auto throttle is a nice idea when it works (once you understand it), but there's certainly something uncanny about the idea of not having direct control of the primary and secondary flight controls.

If I was coming in with one engine out, the last thing I'd want is the aircraft trying to out-think me and tell me what's right, or decide I'm at risk of stalling (2 feet above the runway), and apply power (which with only one engine available would risk skewing the landing).
We don't know that the items are clearly numbers, arrays in Javascript are untyped.

Your proposal is that Javascript's default sort algorithm should change behaviors based on whether it can do an extra O(n) loop over the entire array and check whether `typeof x === 'number'` evaluates to true for each index? I don't think that's a good idea.
> and then to heal them.

Not any more. The left used to be about what different people have in common. Now it's about what different people have different than others.

The first had healing. The second keeps the wounds open and festering.
Yeah, definitely. And thinking about it more I'm sure there are some air traffic controllers that manage 10+ airplanes fine (although they aren't as involved as the pilots, so a remote operator would have a higher workload).

I bet a fleet of commercial autonomous aircraft operation out of private facilities would also have a lot more common procedures (all their airspeeds, climb/descent rates, etc would all be the same), so it might even be easier.
The truth can be valuable in ways that aren't immediately evident.

For instance, if evidence emerges that masks have some harmful effect, an over-estimation of the protective effect of masks can lead to a skewed cost-benefit analysis that results in a net-harmful pro-mask policy remaining in place.

Lies can also undermine credibility, and sometimes necessitate more lies to cover up for the first, leading to less effective and efficient communication amongst people.
Because many of us deal with computers all day and realize deep down there is a fundamental difference between humans and computers that isn't going anywhere?
I'm curious about this too. I'm no epidemiologist, but as I've kept walking around my low-to-mid-density DC neighborhood I've wondered, if an exposure level likely to cause symptomatic illness is on the order of a minute's close contact with a sick person, then maybe it is good to get a second or two of exposure per week?
It's okay, the minor negative effects of that are never going to be more important than the ability to protest effectively.

Just like nobody blames normal traffic for killing people via doctor delays.
> The problem with this is that then you have to make the choice of app store together with the choice of the entire platform including the hardware and operating system and everything. Moreover, once you make the choice, it's hard to change because there are significant transition costs, even if the apps available in the stores change.

This is no different than buying an Xbox or a Playstation or Switch knowing that you will only have access to certain games on each platform. Yes, once you've bought the Xbox you're limited to Xbox-compatible games and it will cost a lot of money to switch to a Switch. But it doesn't mean you didn't have a choice.

> Or suppose I want an iPhone exclusively so that I'm not giving my data to Google and for no other reason. Then my choice of app store is being constrained by my choice of platforms -- basically the definition of an anti-competitive restraint.

Your choice being constrained by your personal preference is well outside the scope of antitrust law.
Isn't containing coughs and sneezes (along with hand washing, etc) one of the most fundemental parts of our understanding of how to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. The NHS has had the "catch it, bin it, kill it" motto for years as a way to prevent flu / common cold. There may not be studies specifically into covid-19 on this topic. But we do know that this is one of the primary spread vectors for basically every other similar respiritory disease. It's worth studying covid specifically just to be sure, but it would be bizarre if covid was different in this respect. And IMO it's completely wrong to say we have no evidence tht masks work.
That doesn't consider the possibly of a significant portion of the population infecting themselves. Remember, most people do not have the training to make a proper mask and use it correctly.

That's the reason we need randomized trials. How do masks work outside of the lab?

Also, it isn't accepted science that Covid-19 infects through aerosols.
A lot of communication signals developed over many hundreds of thousands of years
- U.S. Surgeon General Feb 6
> Americans should be more concerned about the flu than coronavirus [...] As surgeon general, I’m telling folks the number one way to protect ourselves is to get a flu shot.

- U.S. Surgeon General @Surgeon_General Feb 29
> Seriously people- STOP BUYING MASKS!

> They are NOT effective in preventing general public from catching #Coronavirus, but if healthcare providers can’t get them to care for sick patients, it puts them and our communities at risk!

- U.S. Surgeon General, Mar 6 [Deleted Tweet]
> Early am flight. No one with masks (they aren't recommended for general public) but noticed several people using antibacterial wipes on seats (I do this too). I'm not worried about #COVID19 - I'm worried about #flu & the guy reclining all the way back into me before takeoff. :/

"Surgeon general says administration "trying to correct" earlier guidance against wearing masks" July 12
> We're trying to correct that messaging, but it's very hard to do.

So what do we call this? Criminal negligence?

The World Health Organization played World Trade Organization and warned against banning flights from China. The U.S. General cared more about hardware stores not running out of masks, so medics could still get the masks that the government neglected to store or produce in case of a pandemic. The greatest U.S. authorities (including Azar and Fauci) did not trust the intelligence of the general public enough to promote mask usage, as they were afraid we were going to infect ourself by licking the front the mask when discarding it. "Better to just avoid sick people" they said, completely ignoring the impossibility of identifying sick people with asymptomatic spread or avoiding other people in busy cities. "Only wear a mask when you are sick" they said, condemning people who thought for themselves and read the research, and wore a mask to protect themselves and their caretakers, to the status of Leprosy sufferers.
With you on considering the possible causation in other associated mitigating behaviors, but:

> studying possible side-effects of universal, permanent mask wearing

Can you suggest a model which would imply there are likely to be any side-effects?

I'm also sortof baffled by the suggestion that there's anyone doing "permanent" mask wearing. I've been pretty fastidious about face coverings since early on but I don't think I've ever kept one on for more than 6 hours at a time, and it's hard to imagine anyone doing so outside of a long shift at work.
Unless you're doing ML/DL/etc research then what you're really doing is engineering, like always.
I am.

I got into the field because I have the aptitude for it, and it pays well. It’s honestly not more complicated than that.

I’m a backend-focused SSE working in healthcare.

I got an hourly position working on a legacy company intranet, where 99% of what I had to do was simply be able to write HTML. That was in 2005. I’ve worked my way up since then by constantly looking for new things to learn and apply to my job.

I did a bunch of stuff - stocking store shelves, retail, etc. My only other “career” type job was as an electrician, and even that seemed like a fallback even at the time.

Tips: as I said before, always be looking for new things to learn that are adjacent to your job. The more skills you acquire the higher the chance that one will “stick” and you’ll be able to move our of your current job and into one that is more closely aligned with where you want to be. Incremental progress was the key for me.
> Your limit is only for fully balanced trees. On a fully unbalanced tree your solution will crash at about 100 elements.

5E29 assumes not-quite-balanced. Yes, I'm assuming some kind of balanced binary tree data structure, not other things that are tree-like. There are some things that are much better than 5E29, like btrees. :P

If you have really deep unbalanced trees, you may want to have a smaller stack frame and/or pay the pain of doing things iteratively with your own stack. (Or have upward links in your tree and do it purely iteratively but slow).

> The compiler cannot elide away tree traversal with tail-call optimisation. Only one branch.

Yah, sorry. Just for search, not for full traversal.
My experience may be too specific to reason about productiveness with ATS when it comes to other developers. I knew some Haskell and I've already read the Idris book when I discovered ATS, and I knew some C from university courses. The proofs require the same mental model, totality check principles are the same, resource utilisation principles are the same, so for me the difference when comparing these two langauges is mostly about the things available apart from the common features: ATS prelude has many predefined constraint functions that facilitate low-level programming with pointers over unboxed data.

I haven't tried F*, but from quick googling of "aliasing", it seems that a similar kind of checks can be achieved with view-changes in ATS (but please correct me if I'm missing the point) - http://ats-lang.sourceforge.net/DOCUMENT/INT2PROGINATS/HTML/...
Mask use has been legally mandatory in Texas for 2 months now yet deaths are still high. Whatever this effect is it doesn't seem "dramatically less likely".
Not in COVID, but it's been demonstrated in other viruses. You can't do a challenge study with COVID, so the quality of evidence in COVID is going to be less.

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-07-21/masks-he...

Variolation is much safer than being exposed to smallpox in the normal way:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variolation
because wearing mask can be uncomfortable, why wear if the benefit is only minimal
Dabbled with similar photography (* not as good as Wu's), and think it would be a challenge to achieve similar results in Photoshop.

Light painting in the sky is one thing, but getting the light source to simultaneously "paint" the foreground in a realistic way -- so it's suggestive how the two physically interacted -- requires another level of PS wizardry (at least beyond me).

* https://photos.app.goo.gl/9ED17BWiRfieVrap8
I fail to understand what your point is.

Or, rather, I sincerely hope you are not suggesting that the deliberate crippling of compiled code on competitor cpu is solvable by "just make your own compiler"

That would suggest a fundamental lack of understanding regarding the whole issue to begin with.

Perhaps instead you are suggesting that if AMD doesn't wish for its users to suffer poor performance due to said issue, they should provide an alternative implementation of any library compiled with ICC?

Surely that cannot be what you mean? That would be absolutely ridiculous.
Have spent decade more or less as health tech security and privacy consultant, checking in.

Requirements come from the institutions that fund the solutions ("solutions," not products) and not the users themselves, so engagement with end users is limited. It's very waterfall, no product managers, just "business analysts," whose only leverage is their perceived relationship with "the client," who may or may not be represented by an actual user.

I've thought a lot about how to disrupt healthcare, and the only viable way I can think of doing it is selling new products into emerging markets that don't yet have ensconced bureaucracies running health. The most successful grassroots medical product I am aware of is "Figure 1," but any product going into western world healthcare is going to be %95 enterprise solution and %5 health related.

An "Uber for stitches" product would be illegal in most countries, but that's the only kind of innovation I can see driving change for most people.
It will be interesting to see how we view this in the years to come. I was here, and had certain (once reviled) views, so I remember these closely:

1. Masks don't work! -> Nope, they do.

2. You need training to make masks work! -> Nope, you don't.

3. If you don't wear your mask perfectly, you're going to get the disease. The outcome is binary. -> Doesn't look that way.

There are a few still in line to be determined, supposedly:

* This disease is novel in ways that no other disease is. So a large percentage of those who get it will experience life-long adverse effects causing substantial loss of QALYs. -> I don't think so, but we'll see. Sure, a few people here and there will have life-long breathing issues but nearly everyone will have practically identical QoL as they did before.

* Single group activities are the biggest determiners of whether there will be an increase in cases in America. -> I don't think so. I think it'll be whether we have large scale openings. i.e. protests are not as big a deal as letting people go to restaurants (the latter will dwarf the former)

* Outdoor activities are spreading the disease at a substantial rate in America. -> I don't think so. It's not the beach-goers. It's the guys mostly indoors.

We'll see. Ultimately, thinking in Bayesian terms, this virus is less likely to be novel in multiple ways than it is likely to be novel in one way. So far, that looks to have been a good assumption. Let's see what else it holds up on. There was always a lot of "We don't know enough. This could be the end of civilization" going around and I think we always knew enough. We did and we continue to.
I dislike these types headlines because I've interacted with a lot of people who see this as evidence that ML/AI is BS and destined to fail. The reality is that a project with unrealistic expectations is going to fail regardless of it being an AI project or somebody baking a loaf of bread at home.

It's important to understand why stuff fails. That's the only way to stop things from failing in the future and make sure people are on the right path to not failing. If a large number project failures are management failures, it's useful to know that. Otherwise you try to fix everything except the management structure.
The linked article seems to back it up: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-020-06067-8

> In a more recent report from a different cruise ship outbreak, all passengers were issued surgical masks and all staff provided N95 masks after the initial case of COVID-19 on the ship was detected. In this closed setting with masking, where 128 of 217 passengers and staff eventually tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via RT-PCR, the majority of infected patients on the ship (81%) remained asymptomatic, compared with 18% in the cruise ship outbreak without masking.

> A report from a pediatric hemodialysis unit in Indiana, where all patients and staff were masked, demonstrated that staff rapidly developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 after exposure to a single symptomatic patient with COVID-19. In the setting of masking, however, none of the new infections was symptomatic. And in a recent outbreak in a seafood processing plant in Oregon where all workers were issued masks each day at work, the rate of asymptomatic infection among the 124 infected was 95%. An outbreak in a Tyson chicken plant in Arkansas with masking also showed a 95% asymptomatic rate of infection.
How is icloud.com as a mail provider? It has push on iOS, right?
How is the compliance in Texas, from your own observation?
ardour.org via https://github.com/Ardour/ardour is here for you, day and night :))
This was my take on the article as well: Masks = lower initial viral load, which seems logical to me. And, this doctor isn't saying anything much past "Wear a mask, dummy!" which I'm perfectly fine with.
Yes. https://www.reddit.com/r/golang/comments/idwylv/moving_forwa...
> once they decided that, most crews could pull off the execution of that decision

That's not correct. Ditching is very hard. Mess up your angle or sink rate or roll even slightly and you'll be in pieces. Same if the water doesn't cooperate.

One interesting thing is that it happened with an Airbus. The flight computers actually modified Sully's inputs on pitch by about 2 degrees, which ensured a softer splashdown than what Sully was commanding.

But that was a very subtle adjustment. Sully was an experienced pilot, with Glider training too.
Original conversation -

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24330086
People did buy the banana. Obviously a very thin market, but that's what was paid.

https://news.artnet.com/art-world/maurizio-cattelan-banana-c...
Stop releasing software for Apple products. Release for Windows, release for Android, release for Linux where applicable but ignore Apple. If enough people do this Apple will either give in and loosen their stranglehold or they'll see their platforms loose shine. I predict they'll loosen their stranglehold to keep up sales and their stock price. This will be a good thing for both users and - in the end - the company.
I'm working through Lynch and Park's text, Modern Robotics which is available in print or online [0]. Does anyone know how this compares to it?

[0] http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/index.php/Modern_Robotics
fair, but try driving 85mph through the italian city in a giant cadillac with cow horns on the front bumper while blaring your favorite tunes and drinking something from a drive-through liquor store. ;)
I sold my side-project for $30k
Even if it is true, it does not mean the difference is dramatic. The difference in the hamster study is minor.

It is possible that you need a minimum viral load to elicit an immune response at all and if so, the virus would first need to replicate to that level in vivo.
Please note, I said social welfare spending, not welfare spending. Social welfare spending includes education, healthcare and pernsion spending.
I'll repeat myself. The definition of infant mortality is not the same across all countries. For example, if a baby is born at less than 1 lb or before 21 weeks, it's a stillbirth and not counted as infant mortality in many countries (I have no idea about Estonia). In the US, is is counted.

Regardless, let's get back to my original comment.

GDP is important. It's what pays for government services, you may not agree that the US does enough, but that doesn't change the fact GDP pays for it.
> JavaScript will forever be a very successful toy because of things like this. Types are important, and the tweet begins to expose why.

The "everything should be strongly typed" argument is not one that I'm necessarily unsympathetic to, but I also just don't feel like it's relevant here.

Javascript isn't strongly typed. What did you expect the spec authors to do, break the entire web just so that they could have a better `sort` method? They built a decent algorithm given the language and paradigms that they were building on.

Soon everyone who hates Javascript will be able to use Rust/C/C# targetting WASM, and hopefully these pointless "it's a toy language" debates will calm down once that option goes more mainstream.
> There may not be studies specifically into covid-19 on this topic.

There is only one study that looked at cloth masks and it was completed in 2015.

> And IMO it's completely wrong to say we have no evidence tht masks work.

I never said that. I'm saying that a high standard of evidence has not been met and there isn't much interest in running trials on cloth masks. The only one I could find is in Guinea-Bissau.

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04471766
Not defending the article, but cocaine use has been legally forbidden in Texas for many, many years.

Laws != compliance with laws.
To me, it seems plausible that masks protect better against large droplets (that follow something like a parabolic trajectory) than small ones (that waft around in air currents).
I still have and use an Apple ID and developer account that isn’t an email address at all: no @ and in fact has a space and a dash in it. Still works fine.
> When it comes to functional programmers, they (more than any other group) will take terseness to the extreme

You should really read about APL and other array languages then. (I don't have a good starting point, but they tend to come up on HN periodically such as [0] [1]).

0: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23055793

1: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16847641
Your clarification was less correct than what you replied to.

Vaccines are not all attenuated. Often they are killed. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine for more on that.
Or even with a computer, this should have been trivial to brute-force, no? I mean, you wouldn't know that it would work ahead of time, but I find it hard to believe that no one tried it? Or am I missing some deep complexity of this problem?