skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think there's a mixup between what most people who have no idea what they're talking about (almost everyone including self) mean when they say fractional reserve banking and the technical meaning.

People mean:
Bank has less "hard cash/assets" than deposit liabilities
Technical meaning:
The bank is legally/practically constrained to a fixed minimum reserve fraction of liabilities to harder assets

So banks DO have a "fractional reserve" even when not practising technical "fractional reserve banking"...
I think
How to write programs that won't break in a year
I also witnesses this first hand at a Biotech company I worked at... we were using many variants of machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models of cell culture and separation processes. Problem is... the models have so many parameters in order to get a useful fit that the same model can also fit a carrot or an elephant.
We found that dynamic parameter estimation on ODE/DAE/PDE system models, while harder to develop, actually worked much better and gave us real insight into the processes.

So now my advice is others is "if you can start with some first principles equation or system of equations... start there and use optimization/regression to fit the model to the data."

AND: "if you don't think such equations exist for your problem... read/research more, because some useful equations probably do exist."

This is usually pretty straightforward for engineering and science applications... equations exist or can be derived for the system under study.

In my very limited exposure to other areas of machine learning application... I have found quite a bit of mathematical science related to marketing, human behavior, etc.
I think a reason that the EU is so well behaved is that the politicians know that they don't just compete with each other, they compete also with the non-existence of the EU.

With time, as it entrenches and everyone believes in their hearts that the EU is going nowhere, then it will be less nice.
>I absolutely hate named parameters. They’re biased towards new users of a language and quickly become painful to write once you’re familiar with the function call.

It is a fair complaint, but don't you think this is offset almost entirely by a good IDE?
> Curious. How do you know if you've added the 8001st warning that indicates that you did something ill-advised? It seems that such a huge warning count makes it very hard for the compiler to tell you things.

Well, doing a clean checkout of the master branch, noting N=number of warnings, then making your changes and comparing with N. At least that is what I did. It was not very popular, since no one ever tracked N on master at all.

> I've generally found it quite practical to get warning counts to zero with some combination of fixing the issues and disabling warnings that have a poor signal-to-noise ratio. The one exception was /analyze builds. There I added filtering so that I could treat some warning types as fatal, and others would be reported on only when they were new.

I completely agree that this is how it should be done.
I vaguely remember that this is however quite complicated to achieve in the .NET ecosystem. Something about a library A being called in another project B respecting the disabled warnings of A when compiling A and B when compiling B, so you as a client could never disable warnings yourself (?).

This was quite a while ago, and as I didn't work too much on A-type projects (only B-type projects), investigating it was never my responsibility. I just got told "It's not that simple" by the A-type employees.
Elixir already solved that problem tho :)
There's a wealth of primate resources suitable for lab testing available at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
>The only use of "per difetto" that existed before a translation of "by default" was ever needed is in the expression "approssimazione per difetto",

No, as said it is used in legal matters, example:

https://www.brocardi.it/massimario/59534.html

And you go tell this Italian professor:

http://www.diit.unict.it/users/alongheu/linguaggi/aa0910/lez...

The point is that it is actually correct in Italian, if you think about it also in "arrotondamento per difetto" (as opposed to arrotondamento per eccesso")[1] the meaning is that of "arrotondamento per mancanza", i.e. meaning #1 in the Treccani dictionary while it is much more commonly perceived as meaning #2.

[1] respectively "round down" and "round up"
Could they ever generate positive cash flow doing it? They are leasing general office space and customizing it to mark it up? If that’s ever profitable to do won’t their biggest competitors be their own landlords?

I think WeWork is one of the biggest losers of the pandemic. They have a massive amount of lease obligations, likely biggest in the world, right at the moment leased office space became far less valuable.

Even as the pandemic eases, do you think being in a shared office environment with strangers is going to be popular? I can’t count on people wearing masks at a restaurant, do I really want to share with a never masker in an open floor plan when I don’t even have a door or a wall?
No worries. It sounds like you don't have a problem with the latter part, just the former part, so we'll focus on that.

You say that it's "easy" for you to determine whether somebody is "East Asian", just by looking at a photo. What are you looking for, though? Probably some sort of appearance affected by genetics. However, no East Asian can carry the complete gene pool from their region, so no East Asian can carry a set of genetic markers which is guaranteed to produce an appearance which is reliably recognizable. (This isn't specific to East Asia, of course.) So, whatever you're seeing in that photo, it's not just their genes, but also at least some of your biases, which lead you to think that your classification rate is better than it actually is.

Phrases like "cultural aspects of race" are meant to excuse bigotries beyond racism, I think. As soon as we draw a hard line between genes and memes, and agree that they have different mechanisms of action upon people, then suddenly we need to have a very hard look at anything we do which conflates genes and memes.

I'm saying that, when chatting up a person, their genetic history is extremely irrelevant. Maybe their country of origin matters (as for spies), maybe their religious beliefs matter (as when handling dietary restrictions at a dinner), maybe their accent matters (just when trying to chat!) but their genetics, and thus any notion of race, are not germane.

Keep in mind that genes are affected by pedigree collapse but memes are not. We are one race partially because we do not have enough ancestors to have more races; however, this limitation doesn't apply to cultural knowledge.
My employer is big enough that I know we're doing a bunch of ML/AI and probably getting some value out of it somewhere.

However someone is trying to make robotic process automation the Next Big Thing - which I think is hysterically funny.
An incomplete vaccine can apply evolutionary pressure on the virus. From my understanding that's probably not so likely if just a few scientists use their own vaccine (someone more knowledgeable please correct me if I'm wrong), but may be a valid concern regarding some countries rushing through vaccines that have had limited testing. (eg. the Russia example)

I'm just repeating what I've heard, as I don't have specialist knowledge of this area, but one logical problem that occurred to me about this was whether the breadth of coverage of a vaccine is even testable. I would love to know how that gets tested in trials, because what I've heard about how vaccines are assessed has sounded a lot more primitive than anything that would indicate breadth of immunity.
For a reasonable price one can have _either_ a single-family house, _or_ an apartment close to the city centre in most European towns. Having both usually is possible for an exorbitant price.
There's a number of cross-platform GUI frameworks for Nim.
Yeah I signed up for Pinterest once and ticked "prefer not to specify" on the gender question. I also opted not to select any favourite/followed categories.

I was immediately inundated with bridal content and very little else.
People and other non-bank entities do not create money, they create and attempt to sell contracts to the bank which are supposedly backed by the value of future goods and/or services. The bank is the one which decides if a contract is worth what the seller is claiming. The seller could claim that they own a lot of user data and that this data is a valuable intangible asset and if the bank agrees with this valuation, then that person can get access to a lot of credit.

Nonetheless, this is all irrelevant, people cannot legally create money (that would be counterfeiting), they can only create assets; only banks can create money and they can cherry-pick who is allowed to get credit and who isn't using whatever rules or metrics they see fit. All the new money enters the economy through loans and government bonds. Companies and individuals who are close to the money printers get most value out of the new money since they get it first (Cantillon effect). By the time inflation kicks in, these people who are close to the money printer will be able to take another bigger loan in the future using their existing collateral which will undoubtedly be worth more due to inflation in the nominal monetary 'value' of that collateral.
Apart from Coursera's course "programming languages", are there any other courses which teach interesting concepts from different programming languages instead of zeroing on 1 language.
We totally could [0], it feels less metric though when we're limited to messing with the time in the days and the grouping of days and still have to deal with the messy remainder of roughly 5.25 days assuming we have 'metric-y' 10 day 'weeks.'

[0] Minus societal inertia and that the current calendar works well enough for all it's aesthetic messiness.
maybe named parameters only for functions with more than 2 arguments might be a good compromise?
And as long as we're being off-topic, the renderings on that page are wonderfully detailed. Someone had a bit of fun making them. On one of them, the artist has replaced Caltrain's rolling stock with something a bit more attractive.
How Fast Should Your Website Load?
> Do you guys think there is in theory, the best programming language, or will this always be subjective

I think there is only best for what it was design for. We should compare the language goals with other language with similar goals.

Elixir/Erlang's goal makes it quite possibly one of the best language for concurrency.

R is the best language, so far, for statistic and researcher implementing their latest paper in. It also have FFI for C++/C so if things are too slow.

Once you start to compare a general programming language such as Python it gets a bit harder to say "best" because it seems to want to do everything. It's much easier to do a few things correct/good than it is to do a lot of things good/correct.

With this mind set, we can just be more objective and choose right language for the right task, instead of picking the one language to rule them all.

edit/update: This is before we even account for the ecosystem and software around the language.
You're saying that asking Google which terms best describe the pic, and writing that down next to the pic, is unethical SEO? At most it's some kind of theoretical IP infringement on Google's image recog algorithm.
> What's the tiniest x86-64 code generator that can bootstrap John McCarthy's meta-circular evaluator, as it is written in his original paper. Now that's something I'd love to see.

If a C code generator will do, this will be the topic of my upcoming book.
Your post seems well considered, but I apologise that I'm struggling to ascertain the point you're trying to make.

I can comment on this bit though:

> As an aside, the same people extolling the value of the metric system's base ten nature have little problem explaining why the dimensions of A4 paper are not round numbers.

Metric isn't about round numbers -- this seems to be a common misunderstanding.

Metric users are happy to dive into sub-unit numbers (6.35mm is a number we see an awful lot).

Metric, I think, is mostly about being aligned with most of the world. A common language, as it were.

Secondly, it's about some pleasant relationships between different units (length, mass, velocity, volume, energy, etc.

Probably equal second, it's about making calculations easier.

Round numbers are irrelevant for this, of course. But base-10 is a massive boon.
> different yet practically replaceable garbage collection: RC, Mark & Sweep, Boehm, None, and a couple of deprecated ones

The new ARC (automatic reference counting) and ORC are the most promising.

No runtime, no pauses, thread-safe, verified at compile-time.
I can second this. I was planning on making a library that wraps a few C libraries with seamless async and wanted a language that would work well in that context. Tried out Rust and really struggled to get something going, switched to Nim and had something up and running within minutes. So much easier.

But as my work continued I ran into other roadblocks: bad documentation, small community. I went back to Rust, stuck with it, and now I'm very happy using Rust. But if you're looking for something low-level that you can pick up super-quickly, Nim is awesome. And the executables are crazy small, even compared to Rust.
You appear to be engaging in denialism. Would you care to further elaborate on your claim for everyone else reading?
I could see dividing the day decimally working pretty well.

Right now a typical work day is 1/3 of the day. This might be a good opportunity to drop it down to 3/10 of the day. Then you have the work day neatly dividing into thirds for a morning break and an afternoon lunch or vice versa.

Most human level scheduling currently works at a 15 minute resolution anyways so hundredths of a day would be the perfect unit for a lot of things I'd think. Instead of meeting someone at 3:45pm, you'd just meet at today.66 or something like that.
I haven't used an IDE in years. Just VSCode. Which is not really an IDE. I haven't missed it. I think that if a language depends on an IDE to be useful, it's a design smell.
Precisely; Android is a perfect example of why it's meaningful to call it GNU+Linux, because Android+Linux and busybox+Linux (Alpine and some embedded systems) are real things that are really Linux systems, but the userland is actually a pretty big deal.
The funny thing (that I'm sure you're aware of) is that 'prefer composition over inheritance' is an instance of 'prefer referential transparency', an idea from FP that you should always know what a variable is referencing. In OOP, this means that inheritance is bad because it's not always clear what functions are inherited and/or overloaded.
Google controls the Google preview, not Pinterest.
> No English person would be hurt if every English person accepted Scottish notes at par;

This is true up until the point one of the banks goes bankrupt, especially if they were found to have printed a whole lot of notes not backed by central bank reserves.

In practice, I strongly suspect the government would step in and accept the notes directly if that ever happened.
Because we're trying to turn people on to functional programming, not off

EDIT: Downvotes already? Look, Scala is NOT noob-friendly, and it's a rational argument, not a preference. Here's an example: There are at least 10 (TEN) different uses of the underscore character (_) in Scala. JFC. I can go on, such as the proliferation of bizarre operators everywhere that are impossible to Google (again, not noob-friendly), the reliance on JVM (ewww... so you end up having to be a Scala expert AND a Java expert... plus deal with JVM windup time and JVM stacktraces... Not noob-friendly), the consistent violation of POLS, etc. etc.
Mostly in .NET communities though, from what I've seen.
A cruel and dangerous conspiracy-“only 6% of Covid deaths are from Covid”
There is plenty of FP in the corporate world, the mistake that many FP advocates make is to make it a war of FP vs anything else.

Meanwhile multiple paradigm languages keep getting most of the features that actually matter to Joe/Jane developer.
So, I'm only going to try to explain my view once more to avoid a million downvotes replying to all, but I'm not intentionally being difficult.

Most places, I think, most people don't talk in precise units at all. Give me a glass of water. Put in a pinch of salt. One scoop of coffee. Handful of peanuts. It is my personal experience that this tracks pretty well across any culture. In my opinion, having these oddball measuring units is an easier mental model. A couple tablespoons is human sounding. 30ml is not, even if you have a 15ml spoon. A cup of water sounds human, a quarterliter does not. I'm not trying to insult you or your system, I'm just expressing my own opinion, which as pointed out, probably comes from my own education and experience.
I think different languages are suitable for different contexts. I'm relatively well versed in both Rust and JavaScript/TypeScript. I'd never be able to get the performance I get with Rust in JavaScript. But I'd also never want to write some front-end code to interact with a DOM in Rust, it's just total overkill.
Don’t live there if you don’t like it?
Not sure about with Firefox's built in tracker protection. But I recall reading that having ad/tracker blocking could actually make a user easier to uniquely identify, because the browser now behaves differently than most: https://panopticlick.eff.org/about.
My hope would be that built-in tracker will make ad-blocking browser traffic more ubiquitous.
Show HN: Unify-jdocs – A new way of working with JSON documents
Athens dates back before cities like Damascus and Jehrico, and probably even before Luxor. Not aware of any cities in China older than about 2000BC.
That’s just how life is my dude. You can’t have all the things, all the time.

https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/17/what-billionaire-ray-dalio-t...
You can find as big highway interchanges in Italy too, e.g.:

https://www.google.com/maps/@41.8177773,12.3911127,17z

And you can most likely find small cities with 30K people in the US too (though I had trouble finding one of this size near Houston when scrolling through Google maps because the cities there look less dense and don't appear to have a discernible center at least from the look of the grid pattern of the streets).
Sounds like a feature phone would be a much better fit for him than a smartphone. Maybe pick out 2-3 to look at and have him choose one. Bonus is they're much cheaper.
Hasn't been touched in over a year. https://github.com/KeliLanguage
Regardless of future mainstream appeal, I don't think Julia will meet the same fate as Lua in the area simply because of how simple it is to create and maintain DL libraries compared to Python. Multiple dispatch, native matrix support and high performance out of the box (plus native and composable GPU operation libraries like CUDA.jl) means anyone can write their own DL library from scratch in a few thousand lines (and there are tons of those already, even if the community converged mostly into Flux, with Knet as a second option).
Try this: 1 dim relativity https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL04B3CE7DCE67CA5D
Hi HN. I would like to show unify-jdocs – a new way of working with JSON documents without using model classes or JSON schemas. Unify-jdocs is a Java library which I have created as part of working on a new technology platform in American Express. You can work with JSON documents without using model classes. It also allows you to do away with JSON schema for validation and provides a much simpler way for structure adherence and content validations. You can read AND write any JSON path including elements of an array nested any levels deep in a single line of code. There are other features like being able to merge documents and reuse model documents.

The background behind writing this library is that we have a large number of JSON document types and many of them are quite complex in terms of structure (many paths and many nested levels). I did not want to create POJO / model classes and write read and write accessor methods for manipulating data in these documents as these can be quite challenging to maintain in the face of changing document structures. I also did not want to use JSON schema validations as they tend to get quite verbose, do not mirror the JSON data document structure and can be unwieldy to use. What I did want was 1) have the ability to read and write any JSON path in a document and know metadata information (like the number of elements in an array, index of a specific element etc.) using a single line of code, 2) the ability to do fast, accurate and exhaustive impact analysis on the usage of JSON paths over the whole code base and be able to refactor quickly in case positions of JSON paths changed in the document structure and 3) the ability to conform to predefined document structures and specify field validations which would automatically get done in the background. This library does all this and more.

Before starting work on this library, I did look around to see if something similar existed. I did find some which could be used to read and write simple JSON paths but could not handle the complex scenarios which we wanted to address. I am happy to report that the use of this library in our project has made working with JSON documents an order of magnitude easier, reduced boilerplate lines of code by nearly 90% (primarily due to no POJO / model classes, accessor methods and validations) and made it extremely easy to refactor code in case paths are updated in the document. For reference, we have over 250 JSON document types, more than 2000 JSON paths nested more than 10 levels deep in multiple documents which we have been successfully able to manage using this library.

I hope this work will help many who have experienced working with POJO / model classes and JSON schema validations to be far too tedious and challenging to maintain in the long run. This is my first creation on open source (better late than never) and I look forward to comments and feedback from the community. Thanks to my employer American Express for open sourcing this piece of work which i truly think has the potential to help a lot of people in the wider Java development community.

Disclaimer -> #ViewsMyOwn.
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How to Outsmart the Prisoner’s Dilemma – Lucas Husted
Like Leksah.
Conversely, I would wonder why anyone would simulate something so similar to their own reality. We've already seen with humans that history repeats itself endlessly. Humans haven't really fundamentally changed in thousands of years. And humans do studies of the sociology of other species all the time. I think it'd be much more entertaining to simulate a world the laws are near opposite of our own. I would want to see what a species is capable of when restraints are lifted. To limit them to a single planet seems boring.

As an aside, I think one of my personal arguments that we're in a simulation is that we live in such an interesting time. We're beyond a world with 95% farmers. Technology is advancing faster than ever before. It's such a critical time in human history and the 20th century is personally where I'd choose to start a human simulation. It's convenient that this is our shared spot in time.
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