skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The article doesn't give examples, but the paper does. Here are a few examples of question overlap, for context.

Test Question: who plays max voice in a goofy movie
Train Question: who does max voice in a goofy movie
Answer: Jason Marsden

Test Question: when will the 2018 oscar nominations be announced
Train Question: when are the oscar nominations for 2018 announced
Answer: January 23 2018

Test Question: who has scored more goals in the premier league
Train Question: most goals scored by a premier league player
Answer: Alan Shearer

Test Question: where are the cones in the eye located
Train Question: where are cone cells located in the eye
Answer: retina

Test Question: who led the conquest of the incas in south america
Train Question: conquistador who defeated the incan empire in peru
Answer: francisco pizarro

It makes sense that questions like these are especially susceptible to brute memorization. These are certainly bugs in the benchmark—and, in fact, about a third of questions in each dataset have this issue.

The paper also considers answer overlap; that is, when the answer to the question also occurs in the training set. This alone does not imply memorization, but it does open the door for some shortcuts. Some examples from the paper are:

Open Natural Questions
Duplicated: Phil Simms, Brian Johnson, 8, the Indians, the 1830s
Unique: Cloves, Matt Monro, 1,020 – 1,080 kg, Hermann Ebbinghaus, Matt Flinders

TriviaQA
Duplicated: David Bowie, Battle of camlann, Heligoland, Henry VII, Niagra Falls
Unique: Death in the afternoon, Clash of the Titans, ice-cream sundae, Camshaft, Cumberland

WebQuestions
Duplicated: Harvard, Alderaan, India, 2011, Zeus
Unique: Queen Victoria, Braslia, Paddington, Tom Corbett, Gary

It's less obvious how to treat answer overlap. In particular, removing answer overlap might bias the dataset towards harder questions. Some of the reduction in model scores is presumably because models have to work harder to understand the question, as merely looking for topical similarities will be ineffective, but it also removes questions whose answers are general enough to apply to many questions, like ‘8’, ‘the 1930s’, ‘Harvard’, ‘2011’, etc. This means that reductions in the score don't clearly say how much cheating happened. However, the success of the BERT-based Nearest Neighbor model, which retrieves the answer of the most semantically similar fine-tuning sample, scores similarly to BART, which seems much too high for comfort.

It should be noted that a lot of the discussions about causal knowledge and intelligence aren't too relevant to these questions, as they are largely tests of memory or retrieval. It is expected that these models answer the questions by searching their training data or their document index. The issue is that their training data isn't meant to contain copies of the test questions, just the information sufficient to answer them.
He’s married to a native born American Chinese person FYI.
I sent their team an email two years ago with exactly that feedback, and their response was:

"Thank you for the feedback. We are working on an update that will 'save' your preferred map view when logged in on the PurpleAir website. However, it is not published yet."

See my post above how I am able to bookmark the site after I choose the settings I want and it remember these choices when I visit again.
Apple's misbehavior includes locking out competitors to their own apps. This is as if Microsoft started removing Halo competitors from the Xbox (which they don't do). Just because of that the case is much, much stronger against Apple than it might be against Microsoft.
How do you do the arrow keys and navigate the page?

When coding I seem to expend most of my keystrokes just moving around the page. I take it you just setup some short chords for each arrow key, pgup/pgdn, ctrl, alt... etc.

It is hard enough getting around a desktop with just keyboard shortcuts as it is!? I expect I would waste an inordinate amount of time fiddling with my dictionary trying to optimize keystrokes for the OS and apps that I spend the most time in.
I'd imagine that customizable landing pages are easier to implement than automatically generated ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Nitrous oxides are a by-product of fossil fuel combustion, and are a common and problematic pollutant.
Radical Markets by Glen Weyl and Eric Posner
Oh yea, love Roquefort. I remember it was quite difficult to get where I lived in the US maybe 10 years ago and then suddenly it started appearing at normal supermarkets.

I've been told unpasteurized cheese is hard to get in the US still and is somehow tastier. Haven't had a chance to confirm.
N2 isn't a pollutant but many nitrogen compounds are major pollutants, and its not so far fetched to call something like NO2 a "nitrogen product"
A group of teens purportedly using TikTok to troll the president's rally is not election campaign interference.
Yes, and text can be written in non-causal ways, which means even if you parse things in order, you can easily end up with a non-causal understanding.

“I just saw a huge fish, but then I realized I was out of worms. I should’ve bought more, but I spent $20 on gas instead.”

Here the causal order goes from last to first (minus the first clause)
Multiple inheritance was a mistake.
Hey, no problem. I might even be wrong in those values, but were the ones I found.

4-5 years ago I was working with a lot of breeders here, and they all complained that the 'low' development work was done by them, but the 'high' product as the smoked/dried hams were from spanish producers.

Portugal always had this issue where we can 'produce' the lower chain stuff, but getting into the higher chain marketplace has been an issue. It is a shame really.

But having said that, I lived in the south of Spain (andalucia) for a while, and I love you guys. Even if you pretend you don't understand us :P, it was some of the most fun and happy times I had.
Hi!

I'm following up on my application to this role. I earned my Python fluency after using the language to solve 600+ questions on Leetcode (leetcode.com/teampark). I'm confident with Python specific features such as list comprehensions, decorators, collections lib, etc.

Please let me know if you have an email I could forward my resume to. Thanks!
> Has anyone noticed a shortage of Pi Zeros recently?

It has always been like that since day one with the RPi Zero, which was years ago.
The Zero has always been produced in very small quantities and sold at a loss so they could advertise that price, but the actual users who could get it at the advertised price are a small minority of those wanting to buy it. I gave up after 2 full years, and never regretted.

Now I'd rather spend some more quid and get different (and often much more powerful) boards that I can order in 1 or 1000 units and will be available without either being bundled with unnecessary stuff to inflate the price or locked to 1 piece per order.

Here's a big list of boards complete with spreadsheet tables to compare them.

http://linuxgizmos.com/ringing-in-the-new-year-with-136-open...

It's being updated once or twice per year, however this year's pandemic could have delayed the new one.
Ruby has it beat on magic, I think. Debugging a misbehaving Rails app is an experience it's hard to get in many other languages or frameworks...
Ask HN: How do I commit to an startup/idea?
I'm finding great difficulty in finding a purpose and committing to it.

In April 2019, I stopped working full time on my previous project which was a success and makes me decent money to this day.

Since then I have worked on more than 10 ideas, mostly in software but not always. For one project, I worked full time on it for 3 months, only to eventually get burnt out and abandon.

It's been 1.5 years since I have been in this phase. Life is becoming quite bad.

I'm tired of finding a new idea, getting super excited about it for a few weeks/months, only to see its flaws and give up on it.

I'm progressing into a deadly mindset where I feel like that even if I come across a great idea, I probably will prematurely give up on it.

Nowadays all I want is to binge play video games to numb my feelings so I stop feeling bad all the time.

How do I commit to an idea? How do I stop abandoning the projects I start? I can't stop myself from seeing the flaws with an idea and giving up on it, wasting time and demotivating me even further.
> You don't miss what you don't know.

True, but I often find books by looking at cites to them in other books I have.

I found one really cool book that was simply pages and pages of schematics for vacuum tube radios and TVs. It was intended for repair shops. I ran across it as it was a prop used as part of staging a house that was for sale. I didn't buy the house :-) but I did note down the title/author, went online, and found/bought my own copy. The real estate agent showing the house thought I was very weird.
Wonder how long he disappears for this time. He is already reeling from the sunscreen fiasco.
I was wondering about that too. For those claiming that Trump is mad at TikTok[1] because kpop fans on the site sabotaged the Tulsa campaign rally by signing up for (free) tickets,

a) How do you know that said sabotage was 100% organic and not something TikTok manipulated its algorithms to encourage?

b) Even if said sabotage were 100% organic, does the fact that this was done on a Chinese platform cause concern?

c) How do your answers change if a Biden campaign were the target?

[1] Don't be too sure about TikTok's user base being anti-Trump. `#Trump2020` has received 7 billion hits, compared to 900,000 for `#Biden2020`. https://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-aims-for-a-deal-to-bu...
Coding mostly. I know by heart most of IntelliJ shortcuts. Things like find usages, type safe move and copy of code, rename of entities, etc. are F-key bound by default. I don’t customize because customization of defaults makes it harder to work on other people’s computers.

With the pandemic is kind of a non issue, but at the office it’s quite common.
Not just Australians.
This reminds me of a story that I think was about Yeager, where due to some human error on the part of a mechanic (I think in regards to fueling his plane) Yeager almost died, and after the accident he surprised everyone by asking for the same mechanic to be assigned to service his plane on his next flight. He explained his choice by saying expected that mechanic would not make the same mistake twice.

I probably butchered that story a bit.. anyone recognize it and have a link to the original?
Countries within the EU have their own regulators. For instance, France has the National Data Protection Commission (CNIL)
Definitely.

I say this a lot: in many ways, I would rather be pulled over by the police in Mexico than the United States.

In Mexico, I know what they want: money. I know about how much they want (more, because I'm a gringo), I know that if I relax, keep my hands visible, and reach for my wallet when the time comes, I'll be on my way.

In the US, who knows what the police want. I have to actively represent my social class to avoid a delay while they fetch dogs and shake down my car; I'm leaning on my pale skin to avoid all sorts of unpleasantness, and if they're behind quota, I might get an expensive ticket which I have to return to that jurisdiction to contest, or just pay.

The US has, in many ways, the worst of both worlds: corrupt, but in an illegible, confusing, class-bound, and expensive way.
God, when I was in the Ruby world it felt like other engineers would always say things like "Just type < insert magic line of text > and it'll just do this for you". I hated it. I hated it so much.
Turn rate of a CIWS varies from 50 to 115 degrees per second.

The F-22 can sustain over 30 degrees per second. The exact value, and the instantaneous value, are both classified.

That isn't way off. Limits are in place to prevent pilot blackout, but since we're discussing an AI pilot here, the limits could be removed.
You can support Chinese culture, language and people whilst not supporting their government or its policies.

No different to how the world sees countries like Israel, Russia and even the US.
Oh good, finally someone who agrees with me that every other country in the world should ban Facebook, Twitter, Reddit and so on because those country's citizens use those platforms and also participate in or sabotage political rallies. Clearly the US has been meddling in elections around the globe for a decade and needs to be sanctioned!
Taking a cut of revenue seems extreme because what you are doing is extremely commodity.

ML teams at hosting platforms like Wix or Shopify or Squarespace could offer the same as a built in or slight higher tiered premium feature, paying a tiny fixed cost instead of a share of revenue uplift.

This could even be basically an intern or a new grad project at tech companies like that, the technology for the model is very simple. The devil would be in the details of integrating with the data model backing those platforms ecommerce shop products, but you could solve once and then immediately offer it for all your customers and out of the box for new customers.

The part of your idea that makes me skeptical is the scalability of applying your recommendation approach to bespoke customers. Like, I’m sure you can do it, but with nowhere near the same reach or efficiency or price point as well capitalized major store hosting platforms.
How did you do licensing? That’s the killer for me on bare-metal.
You’re right. Even something like

jupyter notebook ~/Downloads/anything.ipynb

is a potential risk and may run “modules” in ~/Downloads
First, ad hominem attacks are discouraged by guidelines: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html

And for a good reason. I could, for example, take a quick glance at your profile and see that you spread misinformation about VS Code 7 hours ago (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24251487) but what good would it bring? I'd rather argue about the topic at hand.

--------------------------------

Now resuming the discussion about using Google services anyway because life's too short to bother:

That's just how 7 billion people think.

Out of bubbles, there's much more to worry about on a daily basis than what some web site knows about me.

Our privilege blinds us and Maslow's Pyramid gets all sorts of messed up around these parts just because we can.
d) Do you ask the same questions of American social media and its effects on other countries' politics?
You can also plug multiple wifi dongles into a usb 3.0 hub and use magic to load balance traffic across all the interfaces connected to different wifi internet APs.
At what point does sales end and marketing begins?
I bet most of Goodwill's stock comes from heirs dumping the estates of their parents. It's a little sad, and I feel like I'm rescuing the books :-)
That's assuming pi is a normal number, which has not been proven.
There is that old saw that generals fight the last war, and this article misses the modern risk of nuclear. With the development of cheap attack drones the risk of nuclear has increased over what is was. There is no effective way to completely protect against drones. Drones have already been used in an attack against a centralized energy facility.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Abqaiq%E2%80%93Khurais_at...
> The discovery comes from a team of Yale chemists who found a way to combine atmospheric nitrogen with benzene to make a chemical compound called aniline, which is a precursor to materials used to make an assortment of synthetic products.

Ok, great. This is stated in a fairly neutral way. But one wonders if we are considering the negative effects of those synthetic products. That was the problem with plastics -- although revolutionary, there was a dearth of discourse about its negative effects, which we are feeling now.
I'm learning Python for exactly this purpose (well, and for manipulating the data). Thanks, you've given me a leg up.
> Windows has/had a 255-char maximum length of the total path of a file

The actual path of file in Windows can be practically unlimited, but either requires using special network notation that can exceed 256 characters or relative addresses. Recent versions of Windows includes a setting that removes the limitation in the APIs because of development issues like node nested packages.
VeraCrypt encryption tool for one, offers hidden encrypted volumes. If I remember correctly, you would have 2 passwords for the same encrypted container. One pw for a decoy volume if forced to decrypt your files such as in this case, other pw would reveal your true data.
Yeah, this seems like one of those 'dramas' that incites bystanders more than the actual participants.
Hah, never noticed the flag at the top.
I like the science fiction which doesn’t believe in fairy tales. Homo sapiens sapiens evolution over 5 million years conditioned to life on Earth—-so what’s out there? Solaris (2002) or Expanse book series scratch that itch. The horrific is a turn back to ourselves. Everything else is the shock of planetary ecosystems we did not evolve to survive in. Stephenson’s SevenEves has that same effect just in how hard it is to get off world in a hurry.
That's a consequence of the axiom of choice, which has historically been a highly controversial axiom.
I tried to stump it with this SVG. I didn't expect it to really work, but it failed fairly spectacularly

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a4/Flag_of_the_U...
I do most of my straightforward JSON download and processing in bash. Well, in fish.

As everyone else replying to you indicated, I use jq for it. But when I type `curl http://example.com | jq .`, I'm programming in fish.

Granted, when I want to do something more complex and durable, I'm likely to reach for, yes, python. But nearly as often, I build up a moderately complex jq command, and set an alias to it.
I have been downvoted for expressing similar things, as you are (atm) the same.

The thing is, you can't. TikTok has been VERY pro censoring about thing they dont 'like' (see censoring tiannamen stuff, ugly people, disabled people). So it isn't out of though they may use it for us election interferance
Oh, much better is the "you tell us what email you told us" approach.
Soo...Chinese person...
Crossplatform will never be "right", always a compromise. I'd consider if you truly need to be crossplatform or not.

If I need it, I'd go with a webapp, preferably Blazor for wasm. For native, I'd want to use one of my preferred platforms. Windows10 for desktop, iOS for mobile.

I'd work my way down, starting with what I'd prefer to work with most.

1. Blazor WebAssembly (webapp)

2. Blazor Server (webapp)

4. WinUI/UWP (native)

3. ASP.NET MVC (webapp)

5. iOS (native)
To add to your point, I recently tried to pick up some of my favorite movies from when I was younger, only to find that they were “out of print”. Some of these may not be lost to people searching around online because the directors are well known, but you’d likely have to search first.

Inland Empire - David Lynch /
The Dreamers - Bernardo Bertolucci /
Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia - Sam Peckinpaw /
La Luna - Bernardo Bertolucci /
(I’m sure there are many more, these are just a few that I’ve hunt down on eBay this year)

The last two on this list, I watched because I made friends with a video rental store manager, who loved to recommend movies for me. The store itself often did not have things he thought I should watch so he would bring them from home and lone them to me personally. I really miss that sort of thing.

I do have a good used bookstore nearby though, and the last personal recommendation I received led to me reading every George Saunders book.
The rule is to not allow a social app owned/controlled by a communist state to gain popularity in the US.

China has its own rule that doesn't allow apps/services that promote freedom(of speech).

It looks like US realised(a bit late) that the communist state it fed got pretty fat and it became challenger at no. 1 world's super-power spot.
Burak Bulkan – 1. Soru
> What's your point about this nonstandard extension?

My point was what I said: you can have your cake and eat it too. You claimed the issue was due to a lack of a super keyword and I showed you it would not occur even if C++ had super.

> You were the one who brought up C++!

I "brought it up" to illustrate it does one particular thing better than Python. Not to claim it does everything better than Python. If you want a simple, beginner-friendly language, avoid C++ like the plague.

> What are yours?

Idk, for starters maybe produce a warning when multiple inheritance occurs and one of the __init__s in the hierarchy doesn't have an obvious call super().__init__.
I specifically meant Biden as a demented. His cognitive state is bad and it is especially obvious if one compares lucidness of his speeches with the ones, say, of 3 years older Nancy Pelosi or 1 year older Sanders.
To choose a president from two bad choices is an illustration of the condition US politics is in and is a disgrace.
I'm sure that was intentional. Effective clickbait.
To the dead thread by lcall/thefounder:

To them it's very related. "Signs of the times" giving people a 'sign of His coming'. 'The sun will darken' (most of Cali the sun is a bit more dim due to all the smoke). Among many other 'signs'. But to throw some water on the fire, depending on your POV every generation since Christ could. say. this. [1]

At the same time. As someone of a similar faith to OC (original comment), I have to mention that I'm gravely concerned that the religious people of the USA are being worked up into a frenzy. It's bizarre to me how common the attitude of the OC is. This has been going on the past year but I'm not sure if it's the pandemic is taxing people's sanity or what but there is an interesting shift happening within the religious community that is actually concerning to me. The UAE/Israel deal seems to whip up more fervor. Almost like a brainwashing/weaponization of Christianity, albeit this is par the course for American Christianity. My disdain for it remains.

My last point is that the OC is concerned about the future. That is a good thing. Start from there. Don't debate that 'Jesus isn't real' or some other else that's a non-starter. Instead, find the common ground. They are concerned about the changes. THEY SHOULD BE! And encourage them to be apart of the solution. We have one planet. Whether Jesus comes back or not, we aren't treating this planet well and it's obvious to all of us. Let's work on a solution together.

[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dates_predicted_for_ap...
> I ask because from what I understand from Google's monorepo, it should be easy for engineers to take direct dependencies on whatever they want.

Not correct. The dependency system supports visibility restrictions - you can take direct dependencies to anything only if you're in your own experimental tree. Otherwise package authors can control access.

You can see that even in the Bazel: https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/visibility.html

(google employee)
I found the "CANSAC-1.33km" California BlueSky forecast you linked to very helpful, thank you!
I recently wrote a hot reloader for Lua[0]. It's actually a port of something I had done a decade ago in Python! Last time Python hot reloading came up on HN, I asked the author about this approach, and the only problem seemed to be that it was not so great if one was accessing the values one wanted replaced from multiple threads. Lua avoids this problem only by not having a multithreaded interpreter.

[0] https://github.com/sharpobject/reload
Well, he got to eliminate competition and had a copycat tech ready in the wings. Typical business/cronyism move.
I have always seen iOS devices as consoles, or at least closer to consoles than PCs. Anything with a locked App Store and a locked boot loader is a console by definition. MacOS is a general purpose computer OS.

Considered as a console iOS is actually more open and capable than most.
Not so chinese anymore.
count me in as well