skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Why are certain things getting so much more expensive?

Alex Tabarrok argues that this is largely do to Baumol cost disease [0]: "rise of salaries in jobs that have experienced no or low increase of labor productivity, in response to rising salaries in other jobs that have experienced higher labor productivity growth". He has a book about it [1]

This aligns well with Patrick's graph: healthcare, college, childcare are all labor intensive and have seen little to no productivity increase in the last 23 years.

The story for housing is different, though. We are consistently concentrating economic opportunity in the urban centers. However, through NIMBYism, we have made it very difficult to build new housing. The "surprising" result: very expensive housing. Relatedly, Matt Rognlie found out [2] that the increase in the capital share of income since 1970, as noticed by Piketty, can be mostly explained by the housing sector.

The solution to both, in my view, are related. We need to reduce barriers for labor movement. We can reduce labor cost by liberalizing immigration to the USA and by liberalizing (re-zoning) and incentivizing (via Land Value Taxation) housing production within the main US urban areas.

> Why do there seem to be more examples of rapidly-completed major projects in the past than the present?

My suspicion is institutional ossification in the USA. With time we accumulate rules / regulations / procedures that increase the complexity of the task at hand. Eventually, the marginal procedure increases complexity such that our competence is exceeded, making the task impossible.

I think the solution is related to his other question "How do you ensure an adequate replacement rate in systems that have no natural way to die?". We should have a way to replace these institutions. Market forces are a great way to do so for private endeavors, startups being the prime example. But for public institutions, it is less clear what could be the proper approach. If there was a way to have states compete for citizens in a non-violent way, that may help.

> Why don't we build nice neighborhoods any more?

I think it is a mixture of i) survivorship bias (as he suggests), ii) car-oriented development (as he suggests), and iii) the fact that attractive neighborhoods have an organic feel to them that only time can give. Thus, in the car-era we built new neighborhoods but they were car-oriented so they never aged into nice, walking neighborhoods. We are trying to rectify that with new walking-oriented developments, but they have a synthetic feel to them that will only go away with time.

> What's going on with infrastructure?

I would say this is a combination of the Baumol cost disease and the ossification of our institutions (both mentioned above).

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol%27s_cost_disease

[1] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/46013009-why-are-the-pri...

[2] https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/2015a_r...
I'll try to make sense of this.

Copyright gives the author different classes of rights.

Most of these pertain to allowing others to use the copyrighted work, e.g. licensing. In a work for hire, the author (natural person) assigns this to whoever hired him (e.g. his employer)

But in Europe (but, I believe, not in the USA), there is a non-transferable moral right on fathership (rough translation for vaderschapsrecht), the right to let the world know that you wrote the code. This right cannot be assigned to someone else. So if a European employee works for Microsoft, and writes a driver for Linux, the employee probably has the right to require his name to appear in the copyright message.

It seems this article tells authors to not claim this right and remain anonymous.

How this hinders GPL enforcement isn't clear to me. It might muddy the waters about who owns the code right now, hence removing standing - You can't generally sue someone for infringing a copyright that is not yours, the current owner has to sue.
Okay so why not focus on negative income taxes then? If they are functionally equivalent and governments already have experience with them why not do away with UBI?
In the UK we have a few more political parties, but still only 2 dominate. Those 2 parties do actually differ on something: Labour wants to borrow and spend, the Conservatives want to be fiscally responsible. Aside from that though, things like foreign policy, defence spending, mass surveilance etc, are all the same - doesn't matter who you vote for.
I could ready #1 immediately and thought "hey, I can actually read faux-cyrillic a lot better that I thought" and then I realized that you used a semi-proper transliteration.

Case in point I guess.
Sheesh, I had the 15% usage issue as well when in the foreground of the downloader (and also wondered why it was using GPU to show a basic screen). I never popped it into the background to see that. I wonder if the lack of framerate cap could be to blame, ramping GPU to max...

Quite strange, as in the tech world we normally super optimise the initial onboarding user experience. Especially when many will try FS through Gamepass, it seems strange to not focus on the "onboarding ramp" to try and convert and retain users.
The concrete example I often give is that as a conference organizer we decide to be a meritocracy. Great! As a fair meritocracy, all else being equal between speakers a tie breaker is how many talks you have already done. Experience should count right? So let's look at it in detail. Fred and Sarah both submit great talk proposals. But Fred has done ten talks and Sarah has done nine, so he gets the slot. Looking back at Fred's talk history in detail we learn that one of the conferences has a slight bias towards white men they don't even know about, and another is a committee of mostly men who agree that male speakers are just better.

By choosing Fred, you just amplified sexism. And possibly even the less qualified person (assuming all of Sarah's prior talks were thanks to a fair selection process). A true meritocracy can't really exist unless you have knowledge of all prior decisions, which is impossible.

Now imagine how much this happens over a lifetime if you live in a racist and / or sexist society. This is why a healthy amount of randomness is at the very least an interesting idea, and perhaps even has... merit.
On a copy-on-write filesystem, modification of part of a file means fragmenting it, which carries a large performance penalty. Disabling the CoW behavior means you either cannot take snapshots of the file, or that snapshots need to duplicate the file in its entirety, but it allows for quick modification of the file in-place without fragmenting.
> Microsoft used their monopoly power in the operating system market to forcibly acquire market share in the web browser market.

Apple used their monopoly power to forcibly aquire market share for their Safari browser

(If Apple has no power, how comes that they killed Flash and are stalling the adoption of PWAs?)

> Apple has no monopoly power so you cannot claim the situations are the same, sorry.

So I can make an alternative OS for an Apple smartphone or tablet?

> You seem more interested in off-topic ranting than engaging in good faith so I'm going to mov

I just don't buy bollocks
How on earth does React encourage the bad practice of “hovers in JS”? React absolutely has zero influence on this - that one is entirely on the developers.

I’m also exceptionally confused why the Pagespeed score was sitting at just 5/100 - it doesn’t sound like the dev team actually understood the result and attempted to resolve it.

It sounds like the author has found some new technology they’re happy with for now, but it sounds like all the previous problem were self inflicted and they’re bound to repeat them again.

While different tech and frameworks has an influence in the problems you’ll face, you’ve still got to do good programming.
Probably yes, but i think the comment was also about why was it implemented that way in the first place, questioning the ability and quality of the corresponding developers or how it was possible to be introduced into the filesystem code, when everybody seems to know that this is horribly broken.

Personally, i would understand if some developers tried a new approach on this raid5/6 and possibly come up with new and better solutions. I am wondering why it seems to be available in mainline. Why wasn't the patch/fork/branch rejected or why wasn't the option disabled or the code completely removed? I don't have btrfs installed but it sounds like this option is available in every btrfs release, although it is warned about to NOT USE IT. Why is it available in the first place?!
They are equivalent under certain assumptions, but there are still differences (assuming negative income tax would operationally work in the same manner as current tax systems), e.g.:

1) UBI is targeted to citizens, while income tax affect tax residents, these may be different groups of people.

2) tax refund is paid once a year, which would be problematic for people with bad money management abilities.
The Computer Chronicles (1983 – 2002)
I recently heard a podcast with Andrew Yang and Scott Galloway (professor at NYU) [1] and the summary was pretty much that he attended UCLA at a time that it was not only affordable, but also when they were willing to take on local students with less than stellar or 'good enough' backgrounds, in order to remain apt to the articles title, as the lower acceptance rate wasn't something that added to the institutions supposed prestige.

I think this underscores what happens when a supposed Social Good (which is funded as such at both a State and Federal Level) is used to primarily serve as a state-subsidized monetization scheme on it's Brand which will bend backwards to maximize its profits with International Students. I sincerely believe this is what inevitably comes when Education is centralized and is reduced to serve as an expensive commodity in the form of virtue signalling rather than serve as an actual institution of Higher Education for it's populace. And this needs to be understood before any reform to accommodate people who really shouldn't be there, which is quite honestly a large percentage of students with University degrees, before anything is undertaken.

I personally wanted to walk away when I realized what a farce University had become and I had to be talked into going back to class after I got Honors in Philosophy and told I'd get all expenses paid to debate moral ethics, all while I was a Biology major struggling to get classes to advance to Junior status and transfer to a CSU campus with more STEM based offerings only to get hit with budget and strikes when I transferred that resulted in even less course availability due to the financial crises.

Personally, I'm really enjoying seeing how quickly the disruption has occurred to Higher Education in the US, and the UK as you can now get some degrees for pre-2000s prices on Coursera. College of London offers an Online Bsc CS degree for $17k, and CU Boulder offers an MSc EE for ~$20k. I paid 65k for BSc at a CSU and graduated in 2009. And while I'd love to see a further race to the bottom in terms of pricing, I take solace in that they know that its inevitable.

CU Boulder recently allowed students to move in last week, and in that time 13 people have tested positive for COVID on campus, and one has died in the county in that time [2]. But it must be said, if you're really thinking going for the 'Campus Life' during this pandemic than I'm afraid to say no prestigious degree is going to save you from the Real World when it comes crashing down and you have no real understanding of cost-risk-benefit analysis. It must also be noted that the only classes offered on campus right now are for things like Latin according to an interviewed student.

1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gESwwG9sa2Y

2: https://www.timescall.com/2020/08/21/cu-boulder-now-up-to-13...
I don't think demand is particularly large: do you have examples of projects that used source-to-source compilation on a large scale (outside the web ecosystem, which is very much a special case). And I especially don't think they are good candidates for being open tools, especially if porting "forwards" to more modern languages, but much more likely to be inhouse tools of companies specializing in ports.
I'm from the UK, so don't have the best optics on US politics, but Biden strikes me as quite conservative, probably leaning middle-right. I would guess that Biden would be "more of the same" as pre-Trump - probably a welcome relief after the madness of Trump, but many will not welcome a return to the status quo.
Not bad for a PHP in one file guy, huh?
They round to non-infinite values (the maximum and minimum representable finite values). This is not ideal, of course, but the relative error stays bounded, unlike with rounding to infinity.

Additionally, they have a neat encoding that makes the size of the mantissa and exponent fields variable. (The whole bitsize of the number is fixed at 32 or 64 bits though.) This allows to have "tapered" accuracy at super large and extra tiny numbers, which allows for more gradual under- and overflow, and buys more accuracy where most of the calculations tend to be done, around 1.
That first quote (using JS when CSS would be faster and simpler) does remind me of being a beginner and always arriving at jQuery's animate() for all my needs.

That said, animation is hard, and React doesn't insulate you from that, so it takes some thought. In fact, being a layer of abstraction, it requires even more understanding of animation. Fading a component in is easy with regular CSS transitions. But fading a component out generically means that you have to keep the component mounted for the transition.

Perhaps anyone who has used react-bootstrap's Transition system (animate={true} on modals and tooltips) has run into those quirks where you start seeing a pattern of animate={false} fixing all sorts of random bugs.

With React, if you're grabby with 3rd-party libraries, you can end up with a russian doll of HoCs, each one from a different library, that are so generic that they kill performance and it's not even obvious why without being a profiler expert. Whereas without React, you wouldn't have found those solutions at all, so you roll your own cross-cutting solution.

That isn't necessarily a problem with React, but something that you have to resist with frameworks in general. It reminds me of Ruby on Rails, googling "rails avatars" and ending up with two libraries like carrierwave + "has_avatar" when you could have just built your own simple solution. It's a form of technical debt. After all, it's hard to justify the effort of deabstraction when you're assigned to 100 other issues.
> I'm not sure they set up code splitting

Don't think that matters. I've written (from scratch and inherited) and deployed many ClojureScript frontends, from one page ones with lots of interactivity to 30+ pages/sections, none of them reaching the size of 2.5MB minified (when using the production settings for Closure Compiler). Add in SSR and/or code splitting and the weight should be nowhere near there, leading to the guess that something is wrong in their config or they are embedding binary files into the JS asset.
> Random selection is important to know if your system actually improves anything, or if the results are only good because the input was good to begin with.

Right, this is the scientific approach. You have to disprove the null hypothesis, otherwise your theory is unsubstantiated.
If we simply cannot accept the PhD students that qualify and are willing, then maybe we are doing it wrong.
> If it's not enough to live on for free then it's not an UBI.

This is either very poor wording or just plain wrong. UBI is a cash grant policy, nothing more. The intent is to increase overall standard of living of the poorest people in the US more efficiently, not to make everyone have the same high level of standard of living for free.

It's a policy, not an ideology.

In respect to that, I already mentioned that 12k is enough money to live but your standard of living is worse enough to be visibly felt.
The health of the backup device. Restarting a backup is one thing, having to rebuild a disk is another.
What are you using to generate the static html?
Not if your target FS is corrupt.
Epic Travel Destinations for Singles
While I am no fan of Go, Rust is not a better alternative for most use cases of the average Go program. A better alternative would more likely be Java/Kotlin/Scala/C#. All with proper generics, good standard libraries/ecosystems, and fast run times.
Band Protocol Partners with DSLA as Oracle Partner and Joins Incentivized Beta
These days if you are critical of mass immigration or other far left talking points you get called an incel. Its absurd.
I think the article is talking about capturing inert N2 from atmosphere directly with benzene, not about nitrogen pollutants like NOx.
Correct. Meritocracy, when iterated over time with the effects of previous iterations brought forward, can have unintended and counter-intuitive consequences.
GradientCon: Maintaining Declarative Queries over Changing Data
People want high quality content that takes risks, but don’t want to pay for it.

I find it a lot cheaper to just pay the $2 to $20 to rent/buy the media from the various vendors since I consume so little of it.

The situation is vastly improved from my childhood when you had to deal with one company having control of delivering all the media into your home, and it was on a schedule you couldn’t control and with ads.

Now I just tap a few buttons and it’s on.
No, it's not guaranteed, it would depend on how intoxicated you were.

For the purposes of this discussion, I thought it was safe to assume we were talking about doses that could actually alter your behaviour; high doses of opioids do not make exactly for agresssive behaviour, while lower doses are unlikely to have an impact either way.
Webinarloop Review and OTO
For sites that are content-heavy I've started wondering if it makes sense to have the content server-side rendered the old-fashioned way, and use multiple React roots for the parts of the page that need to be interactive. You can still use Redux etc. for managing app state globally (though not React context), and you get most of the gains of load time, and of using React where you need it.

It seems everyone uses <body><div id="app-root"></div></body> but React is perfectly happy being scattered around the page.

It's just a thought, I haven't tried it myself yet - has anyone else?
I would've bet money if Pakistan starts building a GFW, it would be with china's help but no, they bought equipment for this from an american company called Sandvine.
All of your issues like dropdown and hover in JS can be solved by CSS, why did you choose to implement them in JS?

About complex logic, it is everywhere. I once worked at an big ecommerce company and the server-side catalog page was more then 2000 lines, nobody want to touch that page. But it would be easier with React since we can break it down to smaller components.

Your 2.5MB minified bundle is actually too big.
We need to look at it from two sides: if it’s good for developers and if it’s good for users. React was great at former and terrible at later.

React is not "bad for users". Developers build complex, fast apps with React all the time. It can be fast, but if you make mistakes with it then it's easy to make something very, very slow.

The app I work on is huge. It's ~8MB of uncompressed React + Redux in development (much smaller in production though), and pages include a lot of assets so they can weigh in at 23MB in the worst cases. A complex page can have up to 60,000 DOM nodes under React's control with thousands of event listeners. It starts in about 3s and never drops below 60fps.
Show HN: The Cheapest Share Dealing Platforms in the UK
Seems like wikipedia decided that they preferred to use the name she is most commonly known by in english sources. I found an old discussion about it https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marie_Curie/Archive_2#Req...
On average people with slightly-higher scores/grades/etc should still be smarter.

Anyway the alternative proposed here is replacing lucky question guesses with luck via a lottery.
The "problem" everywhere is streaming. 4G/5G would be a decent replacement for basically everything else. But streaming breaks every data cap, sadly.

Oh, and games. I just read that some modern games have patches(!) of over 100GB. What the hell?
Of course there are different things.

But what is merit? Take the "aptitude and the willingness" in the other reply: we cannot decide to be naturally driven or passionate about something, or being quick learners and so on.

We can only decide to put efforts into something. Unless our energy is depleted by issues that we cannot control, ranging from being concerned about financial difficulties, family issues, to physical and mental health, and so on.
Bitwarden rocks!
You can populate an ordinary web page with some react and get the best of both worlds.

Plain javascript is painful.

It’s nit necessary to throw out react to address the issues identified here.

The author comes across as fairly junior.
Even if they did that... Apple would just ban, because they can/want.

I'm not fan of Epic however if the court rules Epic as right, we are about to see an important precedent to a less monopolized market.
Electronics are still more likely I think.

Some sources claim [1] that even in the 1980s the Venera program had developed circuits capable of working outside of the probe's pressure hull, at Venus temperatures. I don't remember ever seeing any details on that. If I would have to guess, it was vacuum tube technology.

For future probes, silicon-carbide semiconductors seem promising. Some proof-of-concept electronic instruments working at 500 C have been published in recent times [2].

[1] http://mentallandscape.com/V_Venera11.htm

[2] https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012LPI....43.1259H/abstra...
> if you want to travel (outside of eu) you have to request a regular debit/credit card

The era where maestro cards were impossible to use abroad was already over ten years ago. The only thing you might need a creditcard for abroad is hotels and car rental, which you wouldn't be able to do with any kind of debit card (outside of a relatively small selection of hotels).
Talking of bundle sizes, this isn't inherent to the React point being made here but it's arguably too easy to blow up what you're serving. A common example I like to reference is Moment[1] — unpacked size is 4MB, most of which is different locales. If you _don't_ want to bundle all of those with your project, you have to do extra work, instead of making locales opt-in. Perhaps slightly less used, but a more prominent example, a widely-used table component Ag-grid[2] is 25MB before being packed down. Instead of being served as a modular set of components, it's mostly a big blob with minimal separation of concerns.

The takeaway here is twofold: we need better tooling as well as better practices for how to use those tools. It's both an educational problem as well as a toolset issue. It is possible to build lean and fast pages, but it's currently considerably harder than building gargantuan monsters. I don't see the web bloat problem going away until the dynamic here is flipped — it should be easy to ship small bundles even with minimal experience.

[1] https://www.npmjs.com/package/moment

[2] https://www.npmjs.com/package/ag-grid-community
I'm not sure how much that is, though. On the other hand, manufacture of aluminum from ore requires several kilograms of HF per ton of aluminum. So perhaps the HF usage in PV manufacture is dominated by the production of the aluminum frames for the modules.

I think the dominant consumer of HF, industrially, is in petroleum refineries, where HF is used in alkylation units.