skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Causal. Imagine a video. Each frame is plotted in space, so instead of a sequence of 2d images, you have a cube. The z axis of the cube shows each frame of the video in turn. This is an equivalent representation to the representation that we are used to. We have just switched the time dimension for a physical dimension. What you are reverently calling causality, is only correlation along the z spacial dimension. In the same way an image can be compressed due to the similarities across it's 2 dimensions, so can a 3d representation of video be compressed along all 3 of it's axis. An appreciation of causality is only induction and induction is only a correlation, if a then probably b. Finding correlations in one of the dimensions you are more familiar with, like the pixels of an image is no different to finding it in time.
Within language the elements of time are encoded, just as they are within the video represented as a cube. "The boy threw the ball, the ball landed and then rolled."
Just because the time dimension is represented to the neural network within the input parameters of a single iteration of the neural network, does not make it any less able to understand correlations across time.
Show HN: ThePenTool – Library of design assets
Hey HN! This is something I've been working on for the last 6 months. I'm coming from a Product Design background (I'm actually still a product designer) and I've learned a lot building this product. Pretty much everything here is #nocode and is built mostly using Webflow.

The goal of this product is to be able to cover all (or most) routine tasks that designers do for them to be able to focus on creating products and not on designing email templates (or something else).

Would love to hear you feedback, especially designers!
99.99% of the boring $lang_is_superior "discussions" is by people without throwaway accounts. These people are also often more aggressive and indoctrinated.
The word was actually coined for the purposes of mocking the concept of a 'meritocracy' in a satirical essay. Then people picked it up and started using it straight. Now it's come full circle again.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy#Etymology
>education is not a scarce goods

Education itself is not, but going to a top college is not the same as getting an education. If Bryan Caplan's idea of college being mostly about signaling[0] is true, then top colleges can't scale. They are an exclusive club and a lot of the benefits of top colleges come from being exclusive. Opening it up to more people reduces these benefits for the students.

[0] https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-caplan-education...
Not in the air and water, they're not.
Who exists to enforce the rules? Contracts? Etc. I feel like this sounds great on the surface, but is quite flawed.
The 'rm' command should complete pretty quickly. Actually freeing up space takes time since a delete is subject to delayed allocation. The default transaction commit time is 30 seconds. And if there are snapshots or reflink copies, a backref walk is needed before extents can be freed.
You know meritocracy† was coined as term to satirise the problem of promoting "greatness", which is hard to measure and results in promoting conformity and class, as opposed to finding the creative minority who bring real progress?

† https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy#Etymology
Ubisoft - Blizzard - Valve - CDPR - Microsoft - Sony - EA - Paradox

All publish their own games and either own their own platforms or are big enough to negotiate lower commissions from other platforms.
Null is only a thing for pointers, in a lot of cases you can use value types where they use a sane "zero" value for everything by default.

But did you really create a new troll account to go and represent the Rust Evangelism Squad? I mean if you really want to discuss the merits of Rust vs Go, at least have the decency to do a writeup that doesn't repeat the same - known - issues with Go.
Atmospheric nitrogen is a big source of environmental and human harm in the Low Countries. The nitrogen deposits are literally smothering what little nature is left.

It already led to a full-blown crisis in The Netherlands where construction sites were ordered to shut down. In Belgium, with the lack of effective national governance, the nitrogen problem is not being laying dormant.

This kind of innovation hopefully bodes well for Belgium which has both an abundance of nitrogen _and_ a pervasive petrochemical industry.
Why do you need the date in the reply tweet?

-

As I understand it, the premise of the method is that, at day D, you already have written the contents of tweet Tr (to be posted as a reply to T) and so you can already compute its hash and tweet the hash as part of T on day D. Then on day D+N, you tweet Tr, which hashes correctly to what you said it would, and thus is extremely unlikely to have been tampered with.

Where does the date string contained in Tr come into play?
PDF 2.0 is mostly a cleanup of the existing spec, plus a few minor new features. Adobe’s Public Patent License is similar to AOMedia’s AV1 approach to patents - the patent owners have granted royalty-free usage. However, AV1 also suffers from competing claims of patent ownership from a non-member of AOMedia. I’m not aware of any such claim relating to PDF, and as far as I know no PDF documents have any patent issues, and there are no royalties required to create PDF documents or tools.

I don’t think there’s a conflict between PDF being a publishing format and having great tools for producing that format. The editing can be done to an intermediate application file format (e.g. reStructuredText, or OpenDocument Text, or Microsoft Visio), with the result rendered to PDF.

Oh and that’s unfortunate to hear the mobile Firefox experience is poor. I note there’s a project to add pdf.js support - this is the kind of thing I mean by improving PDF support.
While there's something to be salvaged from your idea (I was amazed when some of my expensive courses were taught by a TA, and one we couldn't even understand), unis aren't just vocational schools.

One of the most important classes I took during my engineering degree was a philosophy 101 course I procrastinated until my last semester. 11 years later I somehow still periodically get to talk about Callicles (from Gorgias) with a stranger at a bar—it's happened twice—, and it's generally awakened me to reading philosophy, something I assumed was dull and impenetrable.

I have no idea how any of that could be measured on a standardized test, and it would be a shame if it was dropped from curriculum just because it can't easily be measured.

Uni is more than a vocational school that prepares us for the work camp.
As I said in my other comment just now - the GPU usage is completely broken. When in foreground, the downloader uses about 15% of my GPU, but in the background it takes over 60%. It's just written very very poorly.
Commenters bringing up "meritocracy" don't seem to realize that fair meritocracies rarely exist in society. Often, your merit allows your to accumulate more merit, making the merit function geometric rather than linear. When the merit function is geometric, all it takes is a small change of fortune to start a rapid rise or a rapid decline.

"Turning 100 dollars into 120 is work. Turning 100 million into 110 million is inevitable."
> very unlikely that everyone in NYC has been in contact with the virus

in contact doesn't mean has contracted. the last round of testing showed 21% prevalence over 3000 samples; if that was the prevalence in march anyone that had more than 15 contacts has 95% chance of having been in contact with the virus by now.

> I find very interesting that this is being downvoted.

since when his high majesty Paul has christened downvoting as a valid substitute for arguing disagreement things have gone downhill. funny because they got it right for submissions. tbf climate was less toxic back then. but still, it certainly doesn't feel not up to date with the recent society changes.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=117171
When that is the definition of meritocracy, I agree. But for me, true meritocracy implies an even playing field for everyone, and proper measures taken to correct it when it's uneven. In turn this implies: huge and long-term investments in public education, not to mention myriad other social reforms. Much more work than just giving everybody the same test and calling it a day, and calling that "meritocracy".
> Students from disadvantaged backgrounds would have a really hard time getting into college, even though many are extremely smart and have great potential to succeed at college

If they’re smart and have potential to succeed, a meritocratic measure should rank them favourably. The problems with tipping the scales too far are (1) it’s inefficient, in that the total likely production of the student body is lowered and (2) it can backfire, by visibly creating a two-tier student body between those admitted on their own merits and those admitted for other reasons.

In the United States, we tend to tip the scale towards privilege through legacy admissions and institutional advancement programs. We also tip them towards social goals through affirmative action.
NTFS is way more complicated (and feature rich) filesystem than (rather barebones) FAT32.
Reminds me of the Digicomp 1!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digi-Comp_I
Locked boot loader, locked App Store. It’s a console.
Correct. Month to month it's about the same, but no minimum subscription term.
The Golden Gate Bridge was built during the Great Depression.

Poverty may have been prevalent.
What if the percent of the people on UBI doing nothing will get to 60%? What if they vote themselves more money?

In half of my country (in Europe) people would be extremely satisfied to live on $1000 per month, it is triple of what they live on today. I know people in Western Europe that would be quite happy to get $1000 and not have to go to work for that (they earn more, but the difference does not make up for their time and effort).
> but I'm on an unlimited plan, so it seems rather pointless.

It makes sense if you read the smallprint. Your unlimited plan will have traffic controls that vary with how much you use.

For instance look at GiffGaff's current offers of £20 for 80GB and £25 for "always on" (in an unusual instance of a provider not disengenuously using the word unlimited). If you have the hotter option and go over 80GB you are throttled down to 0.3Mbps for the rest of the billing period (if you have the £20 option you instead start inviting expensive per-MB charges at your usually throughputs).

So what Three are saying is that your "unlimited" plan has traffic shaping based on how much you use (backdoor limits to "unlimited", though in the more common less honestly portrayed form) but that traffic to & from Netflix does not get added to the counters which affect those traffic shaping rules.

I've not read Three's relevant smallprint, hence using GG as my detailed example above because I have encountered their's recently, but I'm confident the above holds because that is how "unlimited" generally works in this context these days. Ah, memories of all the hoo-haa in the 00s & 10s when ISPs were scrabbling to find imaginative ways to kick off people who used too much of their "unlimited" resources workout breaking contract law...
> you're looking to cut off everyone from UBI because what, 5% would not be working

I don't believe that it would only be 5% but yes, I am.

Living in the UK means we have a welfare system. It's not fair, hopelessly bureaucratic and probably corrupt as hell but we have one.

There is no way that giving everyone (eligible?) £1000 a month will take a whole bunch of people out of poverty because managing finances is a skill that no one is taught in schools.

People who have good jobs and earn good money can't manage it as is. So by giving free money to millions of people they're likely to fritter it away or piss it away thus wasting billions.

> cash hoarding dragons

Your issue is with them. They won't pay for UBI. I will. You will. Everyone else but them will pay for it.

It will not work.[0]

[0] - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-47169549
Starting from Patrick's question, and working through the list...

It suggests that some of our market-thinking has been off mark. Free-market economic policies have tended to define things in terms of market "freeness." How much intervention, etc. This is commonly how we think politically, because it relates directly to policies.

The way these affect reality is through the market structures themselves. We can regulate or deregulate barber shops and restaurants... but within wide margins they are likely to remain pretty good market structure. Lots of choice, competition, churn, etc. Hospital services or college tuition are structurally different. If we are "laissez faire" with hospitals, and have heavy handed regulation for restaurants... Restaurants would still behave like a more free market, just because of innate structure.

It would take a truly byzantine accreditation system to make restaurants look like textbooks or pharmaceutical drugs. Someone would literally have to assign you a dinner reservation.
Impoverished regions are always going to have lower than average outcomes.

If you could afford enough teachers, with good training, on a impoverished region tax base, it would be revolutionary.
No. Did they? No.
Do you understand the concept of being cut off from 90% of the world market? They're struggling to maintain their system while being systematically targeted by the one of largest economic and military powers on the planet.
If you were looking for a mobile deal, then I think you would go for the cheapest one, so I have created the interactive map again using the data for the lowest price per US$

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vQzJcAT0HcgB...

I've removed those countries that are over $5/GB/month such as Greenland because it caused the whole map to be green due to how the data is skewed and the limitations of the geo chart in Google maps.
Using the Prime video app on my Android TV it seems like some basics aren't really attended to.

The aspect ratio on the thumbnail for film I watched was stretched the other day, which is not the lack of attention to detail I'd expect from such a rich company.

Apart from this, it just isn't a smooth experience to navigate or search in. As usual in development nobody is paying any attention to responsiveness.

There is no reason this app shouldn't work as well as the youtube app in these respects.
As the article describes, many points apply to the specific team and team culture.

One of the best things that I did (which was triggered for other reasons) was to remove my work email from my smartphone. When you only have a laptop to get work done and cannot get emails or chat on the device you carry or check throughout your waking hours, the matter of leaving work at work becomes a lot easier. Shutdown your work laptop around a specific hour everyday and you're (mostly) free.

If you're not compelled, I would strongly recommend doing the same. This doesn't mean that you will not work after working hours (there may be times when it's required), but you certainly won't be distracted by notifications and slipping into work unnecessarily when it's clearly not urgent. If you do not have a work provided smartphone and are using your personal device, then this is also safer for you since MDM policies are applied even on employee-owned devices and (depending on the OS) give a lot of information about your device/apps/usage and control on the device to your employer. I don't see any reason why I should do that with any employer.

Once you stop sending emails or responding to emails at odd hours (meaning, post normal working hours), others will usually get the hint and stop treating email with the same urgency as phone calls.
So the situation below the ground is not better than in Germany. We call the former monopolist with the violet T the "World champion in cramming data on a bell wire".
Here its also just the choice between rather slow xDSL via ancient Copper, mostly older DOCSIS with abysmal upload speeds by Vodafone (Which bought out all Cable companies and is slowly rolling out D3.1) or some vey specialized construction when you are living in a rural area.

For my Parents, I built a 7 GHz Microwave Link to a neighboring Town with goodish network access. Luckily, there is direct LoS and we get 18-25MBit of the 30 through.

I am astonished tho, as I always had the impression that your mobile network is pretty good. In fact, as I work about 300m away from the dutch border, we regularly use VodafoneNL as Benchmark Network for our RF Products, as there atleast we get full 4G and not only 3G as on the german Vodafone Network.
If one is trying to improve education given class sizes of 1 or 2 dozen students, it may not be helpful to pursue better quantitative studies for class sizes of 1 or 2 students.
Expose focuses on http and https whereas ngrok supports all kinds of protocols like SSH etc.

This makes the syntax a bit simpler
instead of "ngrok http 80" it's "expose 80".

If I added this "expose serve" feature that would be one thing it could do that ngrok can't as yet
Go is very readable. It seems I can understand what he's doing / means, even with Chinese comments!
We have lower-hanging fruit.

If a college accepts students taking government-subsidised loans, or otherwise receives any federal funding, it should not be permitted to consider legacy [1] or institutional advancement for admissions.

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_preferences
I'm reading through the links, and at first I thought this was a historical problem that was last reported in 2016/2017, but then gems like this from mid 2020 are popping up:

"When 'btrfs scrub' is used for a raid5
array, it still runs a thread for each disk, but each thread reads data
blocks from all disks in order to compute parity. This is a performance
disaster, as every disk is read and written competitively by each thread"

I have no words. Why would anyone ever think that this is a good idea? Who sat down at their computer and typed the code that does this!? How was this never tested?

You know what, thinking about it, I do actually have some rather choice words to describe the situation:

This boggles the mind to a level that requires further explanation, because the casual observer would likely fail to grasp the enormity of the failure that has occurred here. This isn't like, "oops, I forgot to up-shift gears in my car when going on the onramp", this is more like "the pilot forgot about the flaps after takeoff and the plane ran out of fuel.". There's a fundamental difference in the expectation of quality between, say, a random command line utility and a RAID filesystem.

To give some context: BTRFS was developed largely concurrent with, and in direct competition to Sun's ZFS. Unlike all previous SAN arrays, RAID cards, and filesystems, ZFS was explicitly designed for reliability. Sun famously had a 'test rig' where they abused each new build to death. Physically pulling disks. Randomly corrupting blocks. Running multiple operation types in parallel, while pulling disks. That kind of thing.

When I read ZFS whitepapers, I was amazed at how many fundamental flaws in RAID integrity protection they discovered, and then solved. Rigorously.

Meanwhile, BTRFS literally says, in 2020: Don't trust is, especially not for metadata, or data, or while scrubbing, which you had better baby-sit, otherwise say goodbye to your production environment!

More fun quotes:

- plan for the filesystem to be unusable during recovery.
- be prepared to reboot multiple times during disk replacement.
- btrfs raid5 does not provide as complete protection against
on-disk data corruption as btrfs raid1 does.
- scrub and dev stats report data corruption on wrong devices
in raid5.
- scrub sometimes counts a csum error as a read error instead
on raid5.
- errors during readahead operations are repaired without
incrementing dev stats, discarding critical failure information.
This is not just a raid5 bug, it affects all btrfs profiles.

You'd have to be nuts to use BTRFS for RAID 5 or 6, and I would question its use for any form of RAID.

PS: To the people downvoting this, please explain how you like people to be uninformed about catastrophic data corruption going ignored for 4 years below in the comments.
I'd have to say that the UK is one of those mythical countries.

Look at any of the newspapers and there will be plenty of stories of people who learned to game the system and get plenty of welfare money.

Source - I know one of them and I live in the UK.
I think they were simply trying to preempt political issues with it. Zero rating effectively gives them the ability to favor certain services over others while saying at the same time that they are committed to net neutrality.
When UBI comes up lot of people on HN ferociously debate the merits of UBI vs. negative income tax, but they are mathematically equivalent.

For example, a UBI of $1000 and 25% tax is the same as a (possibly negative) income tax of 25% above $4000. That's because:

(1-0.25)*x+1000 = x+0.25*(4000-x)

You can convert from one to the other.
They want to build technologies which bring access for everybody. There is a huge population of people who can't type easily and where speech is an important alternative. Having all input running through an ad company (Google) or requiring to buy premium products (Apple) isn't good for an inclusive society valuing privacy.

Quoting their mission statement:
"Our mission is to ensure the Internet is a global public resource, open and accessible to all. An Internet that truly puts people first, where individuals can shape their own experience and are empowered, safe and independent."
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/mission/

However Mozilla seems like it did too many wrong bets and didn't execute well (see also FirefoxOS)
Several Python Tools and Strategies for Managing Virtual Environments
What are you on about?

The whole race was about creating nukes to nuke the other nukes out of the orbit when they are attacking, so the total amount of nukes was way beyond what was required to destroy the other side.
Aren't the people who know and understand the tools they use, the same people who can install security utilities on any distro?

What is the purpose of this distro in regards to that?
Here we go with the Marxist propaganda: "The creative minority who bring real progress." What is this "real progress" you are talking about? Guess what, 99% of the "real progress" in this world was done by high IQ people coming from the "majority".
It’s all of them in one place.
You're assuming that standardized testing procedures, high school grading, and college admissions officers have the precision necessary to correctly distinguish between the 99.9997% perfect candidate and the 99.9998% perfect candidate.

All I can say is that's nuts. I got a perfect score on my ACT, and I know for a fact that I guessed on some questions. Am I really a stronger applicant than somebody else who made less-lucky guesses?

There's a garbage-in/garbage-out problem here where people who desperately want "meritocracy" are deluding themselves into believing they can accurately identify "merit" down to some extremely fine precision.
The rest of your point still stands but, plz, do your research. Vodafone did not acquire Ziggo. VodafoneZiggo is a joint-venture where Liberty Global (owner of Ziggo) and Vodafone Group are both 50% owners.
Agile vs. Scrum vs. Kanban – Which Project Management Methodology Do You Prefer?