skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The search term “insect counting device” gave me many hits, for example https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00340-019-7361-2:

“We have constructed two optical sensing systems for insects based on light attenuation and light backscattering, respectively. The systems, which were tested with the potentially dangerous Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens, were able to extract the wing-beat frequency, when they passed impinging light, derived from light-emitting diodes. We could achieve distinction between the sexes of A. albopictus and C. pipiens based on the wing-beat frequency”

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/js/2018/3949415/:

“We present a novel bimodal optoelectronic sensor based on Fresnel lenses and the associated stereo-recording device that records the wingbeat event of an insect in flight as backscattered and extinction light. We investigate the complementary information of these two sources of biometric evidence and we finally embed part of this technology in an electronic e-trap for fruit flies. The e-trap examines the spectral content of the wingbeat of the insect flying in and reports wirelessly counts and species identity“

I also would think the number of insect deaths by scientist-placed insect traps would be dwarfed by both that of traps placed just to kill insects and ‘traps’ formed by the area of car wind shields being swiped through the world.
An employee tweeted that the whole servo and security teams were axed.
Hey, I appreciate that you have an opinion on this matter, but your opinion is directly opposed with scientific evidence on the matter.

It turns out that wearing a simple surgical face mask dramatically reduces the detection of coronavirus in a closed laboratory setting over a period of 30 minutes (1). It also turns out that social distancing alone works too (2). Both reduce the R0 (reproduction number) of a disease. Masks reduce the "contagiousness" because fewer infectious droplets make it out into the open. Social distancing and quarantine measures reduce the likelihood of infectious transmission between infected and healthy individuals.

This is multiplicative.

For the sake of easy numbers, let's assume that wearing a mask captures 90% of infectious droplets and that every meter of distance results in 60% of the droplets in the air to fall to the ground. If a sick individual wearing a mask coughs out 100 starting droplets and is 2 meters away from a healthy individual, the healthy individual will be breathing in 2.5 infectious droplets (100 * 0.10 * 0.50^2).

This is multiplicative.

For what it's worth, in real-world studies, when the use of face masks and/or social distancing became enforced, the rate at which infectious transmission occurred saw a measurable drop. The introduction of mandates requiring face masks (with social distancing already in effect) saw a 2% decline in the daily growth rate of COVID (3). If you'd like to read more, there is a recent meta-paper that surveys 172 different studies and concludes that:

"The findings of this systematic review of 172 studies (44 comparative studies; n=25 697 patients) on COVID-19, SARS, and MERS provide the best available evidence that current policies of at least 1 m physical distancing are associated with a large reduction in infection, and distances of 2 m might be more effective. These data also suggest that wearing face masks protects people (both health-care workers and the general public) against infection by these coronaviruses, and that eye protection could confer additional benefit. However, none of these interventions afforded complete protection from infection, and their optimum role might need risk assessment and several contextual considerations. No randomised trials were identified for these interventions in COVID-19, SARS, or MERS." (4)

1: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0843-2

2: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3...

3: https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00818

4: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6...
While true, that's too strict. An Abelian group (like any group) needs inverses. You get distributed computation if you've got an Abelian semigroup.
yes. if there was someone like Stallman (for all its flaws he seemed to not have waste money on random capitalistic ventures) coming up and forking it, when it finally goes under, I'm happy to pitch in my 5$/month. If it's a charity for god knows what and includes a sizeable PR department: well....
Yes, a terrible solution for drivers and riders both. Back to the taxi monopolies.
These rules look silly when you know that your tight loop that waits for IO or redundantly computes things needs caching. No, you don't need to measure that, and you know that your tight loop function is going to be the bottleneck. Everyone knows that.

Now it does make sense when you introduce an entire constraint library instead of looping over 3-4 variables with a small search space. But again, you know it is a small search space. You know you don't have to optimize it.

I really don't get these rules.

Edit: Go ahead and roast me, but keep in mind I've probably been there and back.
Diet plan for autistic people (and for everyone else)
Dealing with this now, it seems like Samsung refrigerators need a monthly defrost to actually work properly.
Pretty much yeah. They're trying to extort the government.
I can find no evidence that private competitors must legally charge a higher rate than USPS. Do you have a source for that? My understanding was that USPS had to compete directly with private mail carriers.
I agree with you. But what you're talking about is completely different from what I was responding to originally.

If you need a set, use a set. But don't assume that its faster than a std::vector.

Even then, std::vector has set-like operations through binary_search or std::make_heap in C++, so it really isn't that hard using a sorted (or make_heap'd) std::vector in practice.

--------

Even if you don't plan on doing optimization work, its important to have a proper understanding of a modern CPU. The effects of L1 and prefetching are non-trivial, and make simple arrays and std::vectors extremely fast data structures, far faster than compared to 80s or 90s computers anyway. A lot of optimization advice from the past has become outdated because of the evolution of CPUs.

So its important to bring up these changes in discussion, from time to time, to remind others to restudy computers. Things change.
Not sure if this the actual rationale, but a potential explanation: https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/19/politics/osc-usps-hillary-cli...

A government investigation concluded that the United States Postal Service "improperly coordinated" with a postal workers union that supported Hillary Clinton's campaign.
That’s exactly how they operate in, for example, Croatia. Every driver owns an LLC.
I am a "contractor", but yeah, if you only work for one company for X months, you should be an employee.

If all your money comes via a single company, even if you phisically work at a different place each day, you should be an employee of that company.
how do you think the missive Tsar bomb was going to be delivered? It would need a bomber which is a vastly inferior method of delivery compared to ICBMs.
The corporation can spend money on whatever the hell. That's why they set it up.

You can infer from the foundation tax returns that most of the assets are held by the corporation: https://assets.mozilla.net/annualreport/2018/mozilla-2018-fo...

It's the assets held directly by the foundation that have implications for their tax status, and they only move assets to that status as necessary.
The USPS loses a lot of money. Even ignoring the pension pre-funding issue, it's still cashflow negative. For a supposedly 'private' company that constantly requires bailing out by the US government. The USPS is just another industry that the internet has decimated and mostly replaced. First class mail has fallen so much that only package delivery and junk mail is keeping the USPS (kinda) alive.

One of the Postal Services problems is that senior management comes from USPS career employees whose loyalty is to the postal service employees - not the business itself or even its customers. The USPS needs new blood at the top and it needs to start acting like a for-profit business and less like a business that has been captured by its union.
Best boss ever!! He even had a bottle of his best whisky refilled in a bottle called "Saurian brandy", so everyone who said that this is illegal or ohh that's "start trek" got one...well not a bottle but a glas :)
They vote for higher real-estate prices but that doesn't in general require multifamily housing, scarcity works just as well.
> Dispersed camping is allowed on public land for a period not to exceed 14 days within a 28 consecutive day period. The 28 day period begins when a camper initially occupies a specific location on public lands. The 14 day limit may be reached either through a number of separate visits or through 14 days of continuous overnight occupation during the 28 day period. After the 14th day of occupation, the camper must move outside of a 25 mile radius of the previous location until the 29th day since the initial occupation. The purpose of this special rule is to prevent damage to sensitive resources caused by continual use of any particular areas. In addition, campers must not leave any personal property unattended for more than 10 days (12 months in Alaska).

https://www.blm.gov/programs/recreation/camping

So I guess you would need two or three spots to cycle between if you wanted to do it legally, but you could continuously occupy public land like this.
"Anybody can build a good chair for $10,000 or a good PC for $100,000."

And some people can build a great PC for $1,000 that runs circles around the good PC for $100,000.

There's so much more to engineering than thinking in terms of time and cost constraints. Those are real constraints, but they're not the most important.

Engineering is design. If you have good design, good insight, you can do things that people with infinite time and budget could never dream to achieve. You can start making a product that's a hundred times more powerful for a tenth of the price in a fraction of the time. If you don't have good design, good insight, then no amount of time or budget can help you.
Underpaying your critical employees is not a good strategy long term, even though it might look good on the balance sheet short term.

Let the free market decide. At some point, other, less tangible factors would start playing, such as individual freedoms, quality of the environment, family friednliness, etc.
You have to look at the breakup of the Soviet state to modern Russia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_oligarch) and see the massive, massive profit opportunities with USPS privatization. DeJoy made his fortune from selling a logistic company to XPO, where he was an executive for a while post-acquistion, in addition to his political beliefs and alliances.
Out of Sight ≠ Out of Mind
Nice work. This answers my question about why this looks so much like Glitch.
If you let drivers decide whom to pick up, you end up with situations like black men never being picked up.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.washingtonpost.com/postever...
PyPy: Transitioning Away from a Charitable Model
> Data dominates. If you've chosen the right data structures and organized things well, the algorithms will almost always be self-evident. Data structures, not algorithms, are central to programming.

:O

Epiphany
Not having a workshop is a minor concern, I believe: plenty of people don't desire one.

I wouldn't buy an apartment in a multi-family home either though, simply because your money is tied for quite a while and it's essentially a lottery whether you have terrible neighbors or not. If they suck, you can't easily leave.

With a detached single-family home, you'll at least have a few meters and two walls between your neighbors and you, and if they can't sleep and walk about and start to sort their books, it won't keep you awake, researching the perfect crime on Google.
Keep in mind also that excluding young people is the only permitted discrimination under the FHAA (because of HOPA).
> If you've chosen the right data structures and organized things well, the algorithms will almost always be self-evident) is both true but also hard.

The problem is not the self-evident algorithm, but the delicate implementation (or god forbid, at scale).

Take in 1000 web requests per second.
The data is all strictly validated and has about 60 fields a record/req plus dealing with errors.

How does that go from webserver to (rolls dice) kafka to a (rolls dice) cassandra that can be queried accurately and timely? How much does that cost?

Oh, that's not a programmer problem. Except it is. Creating a fantasy niche of describing problems as data vs algorithm is the canonical ivory tower disconnect.
> Both relatives recounted days...

The plural of anecdote is not data. Do you have anything solid to back up your claim that it is the postal union slowing down the mail service as a political move?

That's a bold statement and requires some strong evidence for me to believe it.
Either companies will fill the gap left by Uber in a way that gives drivers a better version than they had before, or drivers will find other work.

This same faulty argument is made often to argue you shouldn’t reduce exploitative child or sex labor, especially in developing countries, but it’s not valid.

If Uber employment option is exploitative, you cannot use drivers’ own willingness to accept work via that platform as some tacit endorsement that “consenting adults” are each ok with the arrangement, because the exploitative nature creates a duress / desperation aspect that means you can’t differentiate between drivers who are fully aware of the situation they are agreeing to and are happy to do it vs people who were banking on Uber being very different and now find themselves underwater on a car loan and not making enough for health insurance and thus unable to stop driving and look for other work because of a nasty feedback loop or reinforcing problems.

Part of a governments job is to set up rules whereby such a situation cannot be entered into in the first place, given that by doing so you become stuck in it under duress (eg not having health insurance, paid rest periods, etc.).
Your website theme seems to be similar to many others lately re: the cartoon figures etc. Is this a free/paid/opensource template?
A properly used and fitted N100 or P100 respirator will, by definition, protect the user from infection through inhalation. If we're resorting to making guesses about infection profiles, intuition says these types of users have probably not picked up an infection through other means. Forcing them to downgrade to inferior masks probably puts others at a higher risk...
This reminds me of that Woody Allen joke about someone translating all the T.S. Eliot’s poems into English after some vandals had broken into the school library and translated them into French.
Instead of re-packaging various git commands, I'd like to encourage people to contribute their ideas and skills to the actual git project. Send an email to git@vger.kernel.org, volunteer to help, and ask for advice and direction. Git needs you!
That’s the law in most places in the US, too. Uber was founded because it wasn’t really true in practice. You couldn't order a taxi in most places without giving your destination, and frequently they just wouldn't show.

Uber was, and remains, a huge improvement over the pre-Uber status quo.
This looks really cool. The spaces I've found so far from the explore tab are delightfully wacky[0] and make me excited for what I can do with this.

Are there limits for how many cards can go on one space (with a subscription)? I couldn't find that in the help docs.

[0] https://kinopio.club/things-on-heads-that-do-not-belong-hpbu...
This was linked in a comment some days ago: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windshield_phenomenon
Germany.

They’ve done so well after privatization, they now operate globally and are the world’s largest courier.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Post
Does that not ignore the massive disparity in population between states. In California the risk pool would be wide enough that it wouldn't be a problem, in states with < 1 million residents that suddenly becomes very difficult indeed.
What about the ethics culture?
Not at all. Children are not able to make many legal decisions for themselves. As a society we make this distinction repeatedly from contract law to sexual intercourse. And we’ve decided that whatever economic inefficiencies arise are worth the social gains.

This however is very different. Adults (in the US) are allowed to willfully enter into mostly any sort of agreement with another consenting party. In areas where that’s not the case, there is usually some other greater fundamental social protection that we seek to prioritize (i.e. you cannot legally permit someone to murder you). This law however continues to encroach on the things that free individuals can do. If I want to work for Uber under the terms that apparently many millions of others also want to, then that is my right. The government is effectively seeking to make this illegal...for my own protection.

The issue here is that 99% of HN commentators, politicians, etc have no experience in the gig economy yet project their own ideology onto the situation. Would it be better for workers if Uber provided more benefits? Sure. But Uber loses billions every quarter. So who pays for this? If Uber doesn’t pass on the costs to consumers, it goes bust. If Uber does, there’s a good chance that consumers spend less, or use alternatives. Either way it is likely to harm drivers.

The beauty of a free market is that if Uber was legitimately a bad deal for drivers, they would have never had a business in the first place.
Specifically, "once a Mozillian, always a Mozillian."
I don't know how much we should count defense contractors as "privatized" there's bidding[1] and the contractors are financially independent[2] but, due to the nepotism of the system defense contracts are quite flush with money and it seems like most contracts end up benefiting semi-retired military folks by giving them a cushy landing (though this is anecdotal).

I think power utilities might be a better place to look at privatization - but most of those (like PG&E) end up frequently running afoul of a lack of oversight while also not really out-performing public power utilities[3].

1. Often times with insanely high barriers to entry sometimes including being "non-public"

2. To my knowledge the only defense-ish contractor folks that have gotten bailed out are the more public facing ones like Boeing which do mixed public/private work.

3. Though this industry has a terrible track record across the board for being accountable, profitable and responsible. I might point at VT Yankee https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Yankee_Nuclear_Power_P... as an example where the company just tried to dissolve itself before paying for cleanup out of its contingency fee.
But how can you then claim you're better and cheaper than a taxi company?
Ecology is incredibly difficult because everything is horrendously under-sampled. Essentially all ecology reduces to counting species over time and somehow extrapolating to huge areas. So-called total count surveys are extremely expensive.

I can only speak from a megafauna perspective (eg not insects), but there were recently some results that suggested that animal decline in Africa was overestimated. Caused quite a stir. And it makes sense when you learn how people count animals in aerial surveys - photographic interpretation is novel because most ecologists are not used to dealing with that level of data, nor the complexity in designing the camera systems, and it was impractical to do with film in the past. The gold standard is someone with a voice recorder in a plane. When you actually go through aerial photographic surveys, you spot all sorts of things that the observers missed, because they're not superhuman. That's not to say there is no decline - poaching has still decimated populations - but for some species it might not be as bad as you think. In theory the methods (things like JOLLY2) are supposed to correct for you missing a certain percentage, and distance to the animals etc, but that relies on you knowing what those uncertainties are.

I don't know how insect surveys are performed, but you have to understand that you're always trying to make sweeping assumption about "the whole of the US" based on very sparse sampling. Not to mention controlling for different environments. For example in the paper you cited, they try and control for a ton of stuff like habitat. I'm not an entomologist so I won't comment on the paper beyond that, but do be aware that "standard techniques" may well be something that we've done since the 60s and nobody questions it.
I live in the US and out of hundreds (thousands?) of purchases only one or two have made me question if they were counterfeit, and even those worked well enough and I didn't return them. There may be a selection bias in the comments you read because the countless people like me never post their experience and the 0.001% who unluckily were repeatedly sold counterfeit will likely post about it.
If the part of the city is unsafe (as some parts of some major cities are frequently nowdays) to the point the driver risks being assaulted by a mob, dragged out and beaten or shot, and their vehicle destroyed - I see no reason why they shouldn't be able to refuse such ride. No ride worth your life, and unless you're paying 1000x the Uber rates, no ride is worth your car ruined.
Yes, and the rhetoric about “preserving the character of the neighborhood” is indistinguishable from that used when this redlining was instituted. Bizarre and sad to see misguided progressives (including renters) with no understanding of economics parrot the same lines and thinking that stopping new construction will keep prices down.
https://www.targetmarketingmag.com/article/market-focus-amat... - " A survey conducted by National Family Opinion on behalf of Wood magazine found that approximately 5.5 million Americans actively participate in woodworking as a hobby"

There are approx 128.6 million US households so at most 4.2% of US households have someone who considers themselves a woodworker. There are numerous shared wood shops out there, so an even smaller percentage will have home woodshops.

I think the "missing middle" seems like a great option for the 95+% of US households who don't need a wood shop.

edit: I just realized you said "workshop" and not "woodshop" but I don't think it makes a huge difference to my argument.
> One thing I don't understand is why Google continues to try to use algorithmic solutions for content moderation.

I don't mean to sound condescending, but I think the answer to this question would be much clearer to you if you took a moment to try to comprehend the scale that google operates in.
I don't know what you're picturing, but I'm in the process of buying a two-family home in Providence and it invalidates each of your objections:

- There is a detached garage and a basement, so you have workshop options similar to any homeowner's.

- There is a yard (and this is common in most U.S. cities where two-, three-, and four-flats are prevalent).

- Of course you can modify the outside of the house? I'm confused by this objection. You own the home. You can modify its appearance within the bounds of the law, just as you can with a SFH. (Edit: perhaps you're imagining owning a unit in the home and not the home itself? That makes more sense.)

Obviously, it's not exactly like living in a SFH; it's a multi-family building, after all. But I've lived in these kinds of two-flats both as a renter and a homeowner and it's much more like owning (even as a renter) than it is like living in an apartment "complex."