skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
It was never really 35 years (or 50 years). Those kind of numbers come from just taking everything someone is charged with one by one, figuring the maximum sentence that is possible to come from an instance of that crime in isolation, and then adding those all up.

That almost always massively overstates the sentence for a couple reasons.

1. Federal crimes are divided into groups. If you are convicted of more than one crime in the same group, you are effectively only sentenced for one of them.

When you see an indictment with a lot of charges there usually is a lot of grouping going on and so it looks a lot more scary than it actually is.

2. Most federal crimes have a range of possible sentences, ranging up to 10 or 20 years. Most of the time the judge will determine where your sentence falls in that range by following the federal sentencing guidelines. Those basically start at the low end and then various modifiers can push it up.

The modifiers include things like how much monetary loss you caused, whether you used a weapon, whether you recruited or directed other people to help in your crime, whether you involved minors in your crime, and the seriousness of recent past crimes of yours. That's just some, there are more, and there are some that can lower the sentence.

In Swartz's case, first offense, no weapon, not part of a criminal enterprise, etc., it would really come down to the monetary loss. According to Swartz's lawyers, the prosecutors thought a sentence of up to 7 years was possible which suggests they were going to try to prove millions of dollars in damages. Swartz's lawyers thought there was a good chance he'd just get probation which suggests that they thought they could show that damages were under $10k.

There were actually two plea bargain offers. One was plead guilty to the felonies and they all agree on a 4 month sentence. The other was plead guilty and the government will argue for 6 months with the judge, and Swartz can argue for less (or probabtion).

Here's a good entertaining article on how federal sentencing works and how the numbers are greatly exaggerated in press releases [1].

Here's a two part article on the Swartz charges [2] [3]. The first looks at whether the charges individually fit the alleged facts. The second looks at, among other things, potential sentencing (and was my source for what Swartz's lawyers thought might happen).

[1] https://www.popehat.com/2013/02/05/crime-whale-sushi-sentenc...

[2] http://volokh.com/2013/01/14/aaron-swartz-charges/

[3] http://volokh.com/2013/01/16/the-criminal-charges-against-aa...
Flailing States: Pankaj Mishra on Anglo-America
Gains popularity. Suddenly a new thing that may become a better social network! Then, bought by Facebook for $2B.

The End.
> In the sense that a corporation's maximum intelligence is likely to be in the same ballpark as the smartest humans, it can't be seen as a true superintelligence.

In what sense? Certainly the ability of large groups of people to research and create new technology exceed the ability of a single individual. The R&D capabilities of a large corporation are going to vastly exceed that of a lone hermit in the woods.
Source? That would be a fascinating read.
So even if its made in the US but foreign owned it is bad. Even if the technology is superior.
What you are considering a disadvantage is seen as a strength by others (myself included): you pay only for what you use. No cross-subsidization to services you don’t need!
Same here, I think 80% of my vacations are staycations.
I have the Lenovo Legion 5. Only problem with it is the trackpad doesn't work with Ubuntu 20.04 (some kernel regression that I don't have the time to track down, so I'm using an external mouse).
Nobody among the intellectual class anticipated Trump's election in 2016. Much like physicists hypothesized dark matter to account for the apparent greater mass necessary to stabilize galaxies and such, the political intelligentsia hypothesized an enormous, hidden body of "dark Nazis" to account for their chosen candidate not winning the election. It is unfathomable to them that enough people in the center, center-right, and right could be discontent enough with being told whom to vote for and why someone running on a platform of tighter immigration controls and more jobs for Americans is evil incarnate, that they were willing to "hold their nose and vote for Trump", to swing the election in his favor.

Political intellectuals tend to lean left, and whenever a rightist scores a major political victory they start predicting stormtroopers goosestepping through American streets Real Soon Now, going back to at least Reagan. So the Nazi Revival is generally accepted as real, and if you contest the idea's truth you may be considered one of them.
American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War On America , by Chris Hedges, was published in 2007.
&String cannot, by itself, handle a substring because it has to point to an (immutable) whole String struct in memory. Any extra syntax or types to package up subslice boundaries would almost certainly end up as something similar to &str, just with potentially different syntax and likely slower.
I have emails from Italy saying it is like flu.

Those same people a few weeks later?

Our grandparents and families are dying.
Copyright laws are often some of the most user-hostile laws that regularly seem to be passed in many countries recently
That was one of the few products I saw that looked like a good deal—roughly 30% off Bose QC35 II. That seems like a legitimately good deal, and it’s a relatively low-risk sale for the consumer. You might have to pay for replacement ear cushions, but that’s about it.

There were also compelling prices on some Apple Watch accessories and certain videogames, but others had ridiculous prices.
Articles like this pop up on my news feed from time to time and I am always interested to read them to see if there is any kind of concrete action item I can take in order to reap the benefits these types of articles espouse. I'm usually disappointed.

I've tried meditation off and on for around a decade and still don't quite "get it." I know my experience is entirely anecdotal but articles like this always feel very pseudo-sciency full of quotes like "Regular meditators showed both the same types of improvements’ at the molecular level" which really turns me off to their conclusions.

With that said, I would love to take another look at meditation with an open mind so if anyone has any resources or websites to recommend that helped them, I am all ears!
Knuth – Two notes on notation (1992) [pdf]
I thought that was what HN was.
Thanks, I'll use it!
You are right. I tend to not like to lose lives on American soil or American lives overseas, but the cost of "Big Brother" while unquantifiable can be guestimated by the abuses of the CI and Federal LEO communities to date (which I also don't know how to quantify).

It makes me uncomfortable having to make calculations on sparse data, but my bias is to believe that the Feds don't need more data, because they (and the IRS) already don't deal with the data they have responsibly.
I think the difficulty with those languagrs comes more from the pure functional paradigm than type safety. And I do use scala as a day-to-day language. Also, I'm not saying I prefer rust over go after reading some documentation and playing around with toy examples. I've written real code in both, and prefer the rust experience. I think go's main advantage is it is easy to learn. That is a real advantage in some cases (like onboarding new employees/contributors), but for me and many programmers I know it is not a sufficiently compelling reason to give up a more powerful type system.
"A bug slipping through" in this case just means slipping through to where it's detected on a later push to the integration branch, or failing that, when a more complete set of tests runs when the change is merged into the main branch. In no case will poor scheduling here result in a bug making it into the final product. It's just that it's more costly in human time to detect it later, so currently the entire goal is set at detecting the problem on the first round of testing after a push.
Well, in the great depression and 19th economic mood swings they certainly more of paid a price for irresponsibility.

If there's no welfare for the poor, better that there be no welfare for the rich.
I'm fairly convinced that my body wants a 27-hour day, when external forces are removed. Being in the sun all day is certainly more tiring than indoor activity. The physical exertion seems to work well enough without the sun. I used to live in Cayman and got tons of sun daily, and still slept better after exertion.
I don't like SGX at all and wish Signal wasn't using it (they presumably could do something more like what Apple did with their HSM cluster system, which had exactly the same purpose of defeating brute-force attacks on low-entropy secrets).

But this is a weird article. The "Addendum" moots much of what precedes it, and both the main body of the article and the Addendum postdate the debate Green and Moxie had on Twitter. The whole thing appears to boil down to:

* Yes, every one of Signal's mainstream competitors store in serverside plaintext the information Signal protects with SGX, meaning that none of the microarchitectural attacks Green discusses could reduce the security of Signal below that of realistic alternatives.

* And, you can now disable PINs on Signal altogether (even before doing that, you could effectively disable them by setting and forgetting an intractable passcode, but I agree that UX would have been inadequate).

* So what we're left with is the claim that Signal could in the future enroll more data in SGX beyond contact lists.

Which of course, they can, and always could have. As the article hints early on, other messaging platforms have no qualms storing message data in places that provide something much less than end-to-end-encrypted security guarantees; Signal could for the last several years have been implementing those same user-pleasing features without SGX without risking security parity with other messengers. They didn't. Why am I meant to believe they're going to do it now?

You're in a really weird place when you're arguing that Signal, the messenger that requires people to use phone numbers as identifiers (that this infuriates every nerd on the Internet is not lost on Moxie and Trevor), that has an encrypted tunnel set up just to share GIFs to foil traffic analysis and wouldn't roll that feature out without it, that only just in the last 2 years got user profiles because of the privacy concerns --- when your core argument is that this team has somehow indicated bad faith about user privacy. I mean, it's just the opposite.

(I'm no more clued in than anyone else on this stuff but my take on Signal's excitement about contact lists is that it's a step towards providing something other than phone number identifiers, which isn't just a big deal on the order of message backups, but maybe the biggest possible deal with respect to the UX of the service. But I have nerd bias on this, because I hate using phone numbers. It's possible it's less of a big deal than I think, and that ordinary non-nerd uses DGAF about phone number identifiers, since it's how they all message already.)
.... That's like literally trillion dollar mistake
If it puts off any Alt-Right White Supremacists and drives them away from the Linux community, then that's an excellent outcome.

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/03/silicon-valley-...

>Meet Silicon Valley’s Secretive Alt-Right Followers. I investigated the role of “alt-techies” in the extremist movement emboldened by Trump.

>“The average alt-right-ist is probably a 28-year-old tech-savvy guy working in IT,” white nationalist Richard Spencer insisted when I interviewed him a few weeks before the election.
Always strikes me as somewhat bizarre than there can be "bystanders" to "1-to-1" conversations had on HN and then these folks cast "votes" on the conversation. Yet they are not taking part in the conversation.
mrustc can shorten that bootstrap, and also, many Linux distros already ship a rustc that they’ve bootstrapped as far back as they thought prudent. So yes, I can see some folks doing something like this, but I doubt that the major distros would.
This page redirects me to Facebook homepage for some reason.

I was able to see the article for a second, then it was gone.

http://archive.is/Z81so
All People in Canada are the Same Age (1997)
>> I find it jarring how you are associating the casual user with a web developer type.

> How so? Both don't require any special hard- or software environment

Because you're implying they're not professionals.

Requiring specific hardware / software doesn't make one more professional.

The entirety of Java developers are using cross platform tools. Are Java developers not professionals?

More to the point, all the major IDEs are Java based and you could run them on Linux too.
As would be any combination of increased pricing if minimum wage was increased, increased unemployment because automation becomes much more attractive, decreased earnings affecting stock prices which affect public pensions which would cause an increase in taxes to make up the shortfall.

If we increased the EITC, and raised taxes to fund it, we wouldn’t have to worry about food stamps.
> "Property rights are lovely but we're suspending them in this emergency, here are some IOU for after we raise taxes to cover this"

Gold standard + IOU is not the gold standard. I suppose they could be separate currency denominations, but then it is far from guaranteed the IOUs can be converted to goldbacks.

> Most governments struggle to deliver a balanced budget when they try.

Actually, suggesting that many rich governments should balance their budgets is financial incompetency.

> All the people who know how to make good financial decisions are in private industry making them.

OK....
Does UV light kill the new coronavirus?
Why not do both?

As you say, using your real name builds your brand. However, you must then be very careful to avoid saying stuff that damages your brand. And as you basically say, you must therefore censor yourself online.

So why not do other stuff using pseudonyms? That's exactly why I started using them. I'm retired now, so there's really nothing about my meatspace identity to protect. But when there was, having the freedom to express myself honestly online was important to me. In particular, because I had to police my meatspace behavior so carefully.
Client certificates are standardized for TLS over HTTP and most web servers and user agents support them. It's never caught on though in general usage, I've only ever used it on some highly specific B2B sites and banking a decade ago. Client certificates are usually not issued by a real CA, but rather by the site itself, so it's fundamentally similar to SSH.
Replace multiple strings, O(1) wrt number of replacements
I was using sed to do many replacements (hundreds) in a file and it was starting to be slow, running in O(num_replacemnts). I thought that this can be done with a state machine so the runtime could be independent of the number of replacements.

I googled a bit and found this amazing gem: it uses lex to create a custom C program that does just what you want. Posix compliant. All wrapped up in bash function.
You’re correct. Charging decisions are made by the DA/US Attorney and not the victim.

Colloquially, the phrase usually means that the victim will not participate or cooperate willingly. It makes a case harder to prosecute in many cases, and is a big issue for domestic violence cases in particular.
Speaking as someone else who does scientific computing all day, taking away vectorized operations would kill my performance completely.
> Networks like LinkedIn exist for the purpose of building real social capital

???

No they don't. They exist for the purpose of selling advertising. Any other purpose is either marketing copy to get you to use it or an emergent property based on people believing the marketing. Consider that LinkedIn would continue to exist if it provided no social capital whatsoever as long as it could still get ads in front of eyeballs.

Another observation: whether any specific social network "builds social capital" depends on the demographics of the audience and general "trendiness". People in high school don't care about LinkedIn, professionals in their 30s don't care about TikTok. Does this mean that TikTok should be an "identity provider" to people under 20?
I know plenty of western-born people making regular trips to China and in charge of sourcing. Not sure where this claim is coming from but it doesn’t feel grounded on the reality I observed first hand. You realize Apple has something like 50k employees in the Bay Area. There’s very large teams responsible for hammering out the deals and engineering teams responsible for finding suppliers.
While shady, it's not illegal.

Assuming the law said the car is lemon after x repair attempts and Tesla bought it back after x-1 so that lemon law would not apply and they could still resell it.
Debatable. You could implement the login with Google/Facebook/... APIs and not use their official clients, but many companies don't bother.
This is a discussion board not a circle jerk forum
The justice is sham there because the other side mostly brought forth lawyers. If both sides were being defended by vaguely similar public defenders, the result might be different.

This only shows that using lawyers is a classic game theory problem. Both people using lawyers prolly makes the system worse off overall, but neither side can defect in isolation.

Think of divorce lawyers for example so that you don't feel this is about criminals on one side and innocent people on the other. In a divorce settlement, neither side is usually the criminal, and yet they spent thousands of dollars lawyering up in a bizarre game of mutually assured destruction. cf. The Marriage Story.
> So I think x86 is here to stay, or at least that's not the Apple switch that is going to initiate a revolution.

It will, indirectly. When MacBooks offer 1.5x the performance at 2x the battery life, people using Windows or Linux will start to demand similar devices from Dell, Lenovo, HP, Acer, etc;

It makes me the saddest for AMD. They’ve just clawed back a few victories from a decade of loss, and starting within 5 years that will hardly matter.

As for the customer: this will be an amazing time, especially if we will finally get some
standardization around ARM SoCs. Apparently every single one of them (at least phones) does their own little boot quirks, instead of their being a unified BIOS or EFI or whatever to guide it all.
given the 6m disclosed G Suite customers, they only need an average revenue of $167/u/y ($13.9/u/m) to have a billion dollar business. Given their pricing structure, I'd guess they are most likely close or past that run rate.
Formerly known as "Sublevel": https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8111691
I think the [usually white and American] people pushing hardest for this insanity will use black people as a political tool, and then once a black person contradicts them will accuse them of having “internalised oppression”.

Sigh.
The classic auto industry and the ecosystem were formed around the current rules and changing them is hard. But when reinventing the car (electrifying for example) it's an opportunity to start over.

To take an example from the IT world, PCs and their OSes stayed so open because that's how they evolved when the industry first appeared. But phones and tablets offered the opportunity to lock down everything.

So I'd say that the future path of the connected smart car is closer to that of phones today.
I don't think they're trying to persuade; I think they're complaining. I'd call politicians or slave traffickers vile as well, despite that I don't expect them to be at all discouraged by it.
Show HN: Aperio Fuzzer – A mutational fuzzer for testing web APIs
As an outsider all I see is political struggle of the kind corporations create.

As an user of open source I don't see why I would be stressed out this project didn't land under the stewardship of CNCF, a foundation created just 5 years ago.
I'm approaching the limit of my simian expertise. Those are interesting questions. I know captive apes outside laboratory conditions (zoo animals, pets, entertainment) are prone to diabetes, heart disease, and other modern human medical plagues, but I don't know their sleep habits.
I had a positive experience at Glasgow airport, a gold/diamond ring left at security was available to collected for a small fee. excellent experience.
Password managers have a few problems. Sometimes they just don't work well (e.g. banking sites that partially obfuscate your username really confuse them). Sometimes websites make it hard to copy and paste passwords. Apps don't always work with password managers, requiring manually retrieving the password. But mainly, password managers are inherently a bit scary as a single point of failure. You might say that OAuth has the same problem, but I think it's better because no passwords are stored anywhere (even if encrypted), and I use a hardware 2FA key for my preferred OAuth account.

I think the concern about "data grabs" is a bit overblown. I don't believe the OAuth logins that inform you of what information is being shared is lying, and if I don't like what is being shared I won't use it.
As someone who uses Apple products occasionally (currently on MBP, used iPhones in the past) I doubt I would switch even if I went all in on the Apple ecosystem again. Their devices and software have annoyed me in the past to the point where I made the switch - anything Apple specific like this makes it a PITA move to a different platform.

Google isn't perfect either - there is a low but realistic chance that they could kill my account at any time with no support options and I'm looking in to ways to protect against this while retaining the benefits - but in practice switching between mobile platforms and all desktop OS-es works like a charm. I use sing-in with Facebook when Google isn't an option. I'm really not concerned with data tracking - it's omnipresent at this point - not worth the energy to think about personally.
A good 1/3 of Kapital is a discourse on why workers conditions are so bad, and that fits into an analysis of capitalism.

Marxism isn't a normative ideology. You could be a despotic monopoly leader and still be a Marxist. Whether worker conditions are good or bad at any instant in any place has no bearing on Marxist analysis.