skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> At best the author is making a technical distinction that for the most part is inconsequential.

I disagree. He explains why the technical distinction is important.

His main point is this: dopamine production alone does not indicate that an activity is addictive. He even highlights absurd conclusions drawn using this logic -- that gun ownership is addictive, for example.

To put it another way: even if dopamine release is required to produce addiction, not all dopamine release can lead to addiction.

Dopamine itself does not produce euphoria[1]; it has a variety of roles in the brain; and it is produced during many non-addictive activities (e.g. skiing or finishing a large puzzle).

As the author touches upon, and other researchers confirm in more depth[1][2][3], the reality of dopamine production is complex. Not all dopamine production is the same. It varies by brain region, quantity, and duration, all of which vary its effect on the brain.

> "However, while the acute reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse that depend on such fast DA increases are likely 'necessary' for the development of addiction, they are clearly not 'sufficient.' Repeated drug exposure causes changes in DA brain function that take time to develop because they result from secondary neuroadaptations in other neurotransmitter systems (e.g. glutamate and perhaps also γ-aminobutyiric acid (GABA)) that, eventually, affect additional brain circuits modulated by DA."[2]

1. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/feb/03/dopamine-the...

2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2948245/

3. https://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/9/3306
Walking in a Straight Line Across Wales [video]
YoY growth of gaming market was at least as much, so it makes sense that the prices didn't go up.

At the same time I wish the production quality of games went up instead of the number of games (I feel the same with movies as well though).
It's just fun to build things by hand. Woodworking requires a lot more skills, so there's always something new to learn. It also seems slightly more realistic to me to build a 35-foot tall structure using wood rather than a 3D printer (but I don't know 3D printers that well!)
I think video games are moving more towards subscription based models (i.e. PlayStation Plus, Google Stadia, etc). And from a consumer standpoint, I think it makes sense given most people only really play through a game once.

$10 per month is a far easier sell than $60-70 a pop for one individual game.
Wouldn't Apache 2 be a better license for this since it is explicit on patents?
IMHO the sticker price for video games isn't all that relevant anymore, unless you definitely want to play a game on launch day.

The only thing that's weird is that there is a standard price to begin with.

Just wait for the next sale, or until the game gets discounted after a few months, whatever comes first. Eventually the price will adjust itself to what the customers think the game is worth (of course that price will never be above the standard price, so from the seller perspective it makes sense to set a high initial price).
Diminishing marginal returns to scope, definitely.
> I started a new job in October and was able to start 'fixing' myself a bit by leaving all my electronics at the office after work, and by December I could actually feel a tangible difference in how I was thinking and making decisions.

Yup, one of the best things you can do is leave your work at work. I know that is easier said than done though especially now that our "offices" and homes are one and the same thing.
Hi, it's really cool
Thank you, but this article seems to say that the technology is used to track Uighurs (I suppose for the reason that some of them have been engaging in terrorist activities) and not to incarcerate them.

Despite the scale- which we considered worrying in itself and for understandable reasons- this seems to be an automated version of "I suddenly see a lot of mafioso-looking guys congregating here, let's keep an eye to see if there's anything dodgy going on"- which has been practiced with skilled eyes since forever. And it's a whole different thing from "if I see anyone looking Jewish I'll round them up and send them to a concentration camp".
There's some related technical background in this 2014 bug report on Firefox rejecting a TLS server certificate issued by such an intermediate CA with the problematic 'OCSP Signing' EKU: https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=991209#c7

The problem with intermediate CAs with the 'OCSP Signing' EKU being able to sign OCSP responses for any sibling certificates issued by the root CA seems to have been recognized for a while. But in this case, Mozilla allowed and ignored the 'OCSP Signing' EKU for vendor interop with existing intermediate CAs. Mozilla products would reject such OCSP responses, but the CA policy on issuing intermediate CA certificates with the 'OCSP Signing' EKU was not fixed.

Specifically, MSADCS (Microsoft software used to issue certificates) requiring the CA certificate to have the 'OCSP Signing' EKU, "by design": https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/2962991/you-cannot-...

The situation seems to be that the MSADCS policy on requiring the 'OCSP Signing' EKU on the intermediate CA certificate is incorrect, and clients validating OCSP responses signed by a delegated OCSP responder certificate do not require the 'OCSP Signing' EKUs on the issuing (intermediate/root) CA certificate(s): https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/mozilla.dev.security.p...

This is in contrast to e.g. the TLS serverAuth EKU, where these EKUs chain: a technically constrained CA certificate must have a TLS serverAuth EKU in order to issue end-entity certificates with a TLS serverAuth EKU.

The 'OCSP Signing' EKU on the intermediate CA certificate is unnecessary: the intermediate CA does not need the EKU to sign OCSP responses directly, nor to issue a delegated OCSP responder certificate with the 'OCSP Signing' EKU. The unnecessary 'OCSP Signing' EKU on the intermediate CA certificate is harmful, because it may be interpreted as a delegated OCSP responder certificate for the issuing root CA, capable of signing OCSP responses for any certificate issued by the root CA.

The workaround for MSADCS is to use an untrusted CA certificate (e.g. self-signed) with the same public key and subject DN as the intermediate CA to issue the OCSP responder certificate, adding the 'OCSP Signing' EKU to both the OCSP responder certificate and the workaround-CA. The resulting OCSP responder certificate with the 'OCSP Signing' EKU will validate as an OCSP responder certificate for the actual intermediate CA, without including the 'OCSP Signing' EKU in the CA certificate.

This BR policy violation approach seems to be an attempt to highlight the security problems and fix this long-standing issue, limiting the use of the 'OCSP Signing' EKU in order to protect clients from OCSP responses signed by intermediate CA certificates that were not intended to be delegated OCSP responder certificates for their root CAs.
> The problem is that right and left is a bit of a strange spectrum, there are a lot of people on the right that vote for right wing policies not because of economic freedom but because they instead are deeply religious and want to enforce their religions on others...

That's most of the actual right; “economic freedom” is a libertarian viewpoint more than a right-wing one, though in the US system the more-right-wing of the major parties also frequently uses libertarian rhetoric, which can confuse the issue.

From the outset of the left/right or liberal/conservative divide, the right/conservative side has been centrally about protecting the position of established elites against forces that would transfer (principally, in the case of the left, more widely distribute) power, largely justified by appeals to traditional, especially religious and nationalist, values.
No, Vietnam.
I'm not sure if this is a minority opinion, but I'm happy to pay $70+ for AAA games. I'm currently playing through Last of Us II on PS4 and will have gotten 20+ hours entertainment from it, not to mention that it's just an incredible piece of art. Alongside that, during the last 3 months of Covid lockdown I've played countless hours of Call of Duty with my friends. $70 isn't that much of an investment for so much entertainment.

Of course the real question is whether or not you'll have to pay-to-play alongside your initial $70 investment. I'd rather pay more initially to have this trend disappear (which is unlikely).

I'd be interested to hear from people with more knowledge of the industry. As someone who only returned to video games "recently" (in the last 2 years) I've been astonished at the quality now on offer, but also shocked at the revenues of some of the companies are making, in particular revenue related to in-game purchasing (if I remember correctly, Activision are making ~1.8B revenue per quarter for example, the majority of which is from susbscriptions[1]).

[1] https://investor.activision.com/news-releases/news-release-d...
That's a good point, and I completely agree that it hasn't gotten far.

I do think that if it were to be embraced as a more common standard on websites, building a more standard UI on top should be _relatively_ simple as each websites underlying data would _hopefully_ be structured the same.
Could be an early indicator that inflation is starting to really rise.
That's a legal right, not a human right. A human right is something you already have, it just cannot be restricted by someone else.

For example, free speech is a human right. You will always have it innately unless a third party deliberately infringes on that right. If they do so, they are violating your basic human rights.
Thank you Andrew, very happy to contribute to the one project that will finally make systems programming worth learning even for a lazy programmer like me.
Syntax makes a big difference! I am more familiar with Javascript, and while can program Python, I find myself looking up Python’s syntax for things frequently while writing it. It a frustrating experience.

I, for one would prefer to just use Python, but Javascript is a necessity for web programming, obviously.
Lessons learned from taking 8 AWS certification tests in 4 weeks
To be clear, board games have been extremely popular in Germany for a very long time. They just got even MORE popular. I'm not sure there was a house in post-war West Germany that didn't have at least a "games collection", something more or less like this: https://www.amazon.de/Ravensburger-01315-9-Familienspiele/dp...
Pay.

Ask them.
> Sadly, I'm no fan of COM either.

Me neither :-) A C API should still be the weapon of choice.

> Robin Gareus has already implemented the bulk of VST3

Cool! I remember I had a short e-mail conversation with Robin about the VST3 SDK last year after he kindly helped me to get his lv2vst plugin to work in my host. Looks like he started to work on the VST3 implementation shortly after that :-)
>Compression is not magic and minifying has real world performance gains in JS projects at least - I don't see how Python would be different here.

How much are the gains with minifying (factoring out compression) anyways? I'm sure they're somewhat faster, but enough to justify the step/obfuscation (assuming obfuscation isn't a goal)
I vaguely remember $60 and (a limited amount of) $70 SNES games in the mid-90s (US)
You asked for "weird", yes?

I've got a problem that's driving me crazy: find a way to present a huge amount of written (and some visual) content, through a website[1], in an interesting and accessible way.

One of my hobbies is constructing worlds. One world. I've been working on it for over 40 years now. 20 years ago I decided to share my work with the world, and built a website for it. The approach I took them was to divide the site into a homepage, with links to more-or-less self-contained subsections. The solution works, but I want something better. I just don't know how to achieve it.

A wiki-based approach[2] would seem to be the obvious choice. But my experience of wikis is that they feel too, well, fragmented. There's ways of overcoming this (portals, wikibooks, etc) but I tried building a wiki ... it didn't work for what I wanted to achieve.

Another approach could be to give up on building my own site and instead rely on a cloud provider to do all the hard work for me[3]. But I dislike this idea on every level I can think of. For a start, what happens to all my work when the host company collapses, or pivots to a more profitable idea? What happens when I want to introduce a feature - "teach yourself language X" lessons that the site architecture doesn't support?

Of course, if I had all the money in the world then I could employ many very clever people to design, build and develop content for a truly wonderful user experience[4][5][6] ... yeah. That's not gonna happen. So the solution needs to be "doable".

Any ideas on how to solve the my problem will be very gratefully received!

[1] - http://www.rikweb.co.uk/kalieda/index.php - My constructed world's current website. I used to be very proud of the site's structure and design. But I know in my hearth it can be much better!

[2] - Encyclopaedia Ardenica - https://www.otherworldproject.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Page - is a really nice example of what can be achieved with a well-thought-through wiki.

[3] - WorldAnvil - https://www.worldanvil.com - seem to be the leading example of this approach.

[4] - The Potterverse - now at https://www.wizardingworld.com/ - seemed for a while to be a Gold Standard for wonderful fantasy world websites. The Pandoran Research Foundation [5] (https://www.avatar.com/) is another excellent example. But even here, their Pandorapedia [6] (https://www.pandorapedia.com/pandora_url/dictionary.html) ... it feels like it could be so much better - but how?
>Are those different?

No. In the end you transmitted a file that has a certain size. It doesn't really matter if you save that file or just use a volatile buffer.
This would help but it's not foolproof, since there is no way to be sure the strings refer only to direct flights between the two locations.
Flight deals often involve transfers and/or complicated routings.
My opinion is that the technologists would win. That's actually one of the points he brings up at one point. That after a certain point there absolutely is no turning back. His rationale was that the sooner that system is dismantled the easier it would be (Obviously making the assumption that it's even possible).

It really all depends however. As we're seeing something as simple as a single virus is putting on our current technological system under strain. As time goes on the technological system creates tools that radicals such as Ted can more cheaply and easily utilize to attack the same system. It also depends on these radicals' ideological purity. Ted was not above using the postal service to carry out his attacks, but he did want to make the bombs himself. It's actually quite a concerning problem.
URL should be https://pfun.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
Pretty but I can't see myself using this :/
Further, if I can destroy all keys do I even need to revoke the cert? (Honest question, I’m actually not sure)
I don't know if this is hack by your standards but you can do this with pretty standard tools in linux (I think it was xinput and xkbmap)
Supreme Court: States may require pres. electors to support popular-vote winner
Why do we care about keeping frequency stable when more and more products simply put the power through a rectifier to turn it to DC? The lamps all have LED "bulbs". The computers have power bricks.

Do we really care if the compressors in the air conditioners and the refrigerators turn at a slightly different rate? Okay, maybe a rapid shift in frequency could be damaging, but a slight drift sounds okay mechanically.

Or am I wrong?
Interesting though that compared with most individual series vs motorsport as a whole, F1 has more races (or at least, this season certainly would have done), and Liberty was rumoured to even be pushing for a 25 race calendar (nudging even closer to the BTCC calendar, and they do 3 per weekend...).

If the double-headers do well this year, I can see that being how they manage that many next year.
I will accept $70 under a few conditions:

1) You can't pack a full price game with hundreds of dollars of micro transactions and DLC.

2) Stop with the gambling box nonsense.

3) Stop hacking out uninspired, yearly squeals over and over by incrementing the number on the box by 1.
The certificate is issued by Let’s Encrypt [2], and has a valid and correct intermediate chain from the server [1]. Have you knowingly altered your browser’s TLS security settings, or certificate root store settings (for example, to distrust X3), or are you running an especially old browser on an out-of-date platform? Being able to see a screenshot of which intermediate your browser is refusing to trust would be helpful [3]. (Unless you’re somehow being MITM’d, which can happen on some internet connections or with certain ‘security’ software on Windows or by mitmproxy left enabled, in which case the screenshot of the certificate chain will look nothing like Let’s Encrypt at all and help diagnose that too.)

[1] Normal LE: https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=www.mail-arch...

[2] Test site: https://valid-isrgrootx1.letsencrypt.org/

[3] In the developer console, there should be a security tab with a View Details button.
ML can barely look at a jpeg and tell me if it has boobs; I'm not optimistic that we could or should revolutionize how the world is structured around it.
NIV is a very popular version, and is copyrighted, as is NASB, ESV, etc.
There's always Formula E...
I remember certain N64 games costing $70 at launch, notably Ocarina of Time.

With inflation, this is cheaper than the 90s.
And I think a lot of people are starting to realize that "callback spaghetti" might not be the best structure to give your code either.
This energy vault device will not work for a couple of reasons.
Like the astonishingly low energy density of such a structure or the difficulty in running and maintaining the cranes to pull the weights. It is basically a mechanical version of pumped hydroelectric energy storage; just clunky and inefficient.

Flywheels store orders of magnitude more power per ton and have very low reaction times (in the order of milliseconds).

This makes them great for frequency control which just means really short term energy storage.

The power grids frequency is directly co-related with the power throughput. If there is too much demand the frequency will drop.

A flywheel can quite easily buffer very short term demands and flatten the somewhat erratic output of wind turbines or solar.
Apple Watch Series 5 GPS 44mm
The problem is that if you start pushing on a rigid structure, then this will exert a force on the person in that structure.
Here’s Waldo: Computing the optimal search strategy for finding Waldo (2015)
Yeah, it does. I got that from kubatyszko's response to my OP.
Seeing all this, I'm convinced that copyright in general and patent system in particular does more harm than good by slowing down the technical progress of the humanity as a whole for the sake of some already rich people becoming a bit richer

There are plenty of societies that don't respect intellectual property and copyright. And those societies don't innovate at the rate as those who do.

There are certainly abuses in the copyright, trademark, and patent systems. But throwing out the baby with the bathwater is not the answer. Identifying the abuses and improving the system is the answer.

Perhaps that progress won't happen at the rate you'd prefer, but it's significantly better than burning the whole thing to the ground.
I think that for 1080p there wasn't much of an improvement between h.264 and h.265. This will likely also be true between h.265 and h.266.
Discipline doesn’t work- here’s how to achieve your goals without it
yup, from the example I remember(I read it through link on HN but cannot find it in quick search, I wish I could link it),

if you film(still film no movement) the macbook pro top to bottom in h264/MP4 at 1024 p resolution and again you take a picture from your camera.

the results will be shocking,

the video of 5-10 seconds will have lower storage size than the size of single Image. but when you inspect video carefully you will see the tiny details are missing, like the edges are not as sharp for metal body, the gloss of metal is bit different, the tiny speaker holes on top of keyboard are clear in Images and can be individually examined while in video they are fuzzy pixelated and so on.

so, The end results: A 5 second video with 10s of frames per second is smaller in size than single Image taken from same camera.
You can get constant spin rate but variable energy storage / release by adjusting the moment of inertia, e.g. if you have movable weights within the rotor you can move these inboard or outboard, moving it inboard uses energy while increasing the spin rate, and moving it outboard releases energy while slowing the rate. Using this in combination with "conventional" direct axle energy input / release means you can store or release energy from the system as a whole while also keeping a constant rate (within the bounds of the total energy storage capacity of the system).
GPL is the example GP used, which is why I referenced it. It's not really important what free software license it would be (though GPLv3 does have an entire section (s11) which is all about patents -- that's why it's compatible with Apache-2.0).
Single payer is literally just health insurance, but it's provided by one entity (the government) which has a monopoly. The way they reduce costs is by rationing care.
Really they’re right though.

There’s really little reason a game can’t be art assets slurped into a pipeline like devops employs.

Engine code itself needs to be performant, but from the perspective of “shipping a game”, asset management and build pipelines look ALOT LIKE a devops pipeline but offline.

There’s no artistic or technical reason open license content and, for example, Github actions, couldn’t leveraged to build a game pipeline.

Iterate over that until the results look AAA.

Emotional capture of attention by social norms is the only thing in the way.

Here we are though, accepting inflation as a real thing. Not saying much explicitly about the pressure on our buying power, effectively deflation, that creates.

Why not deflate their profits a bit, I wonder?

Gig artists are out there. Rules for RTS, FPS, and generative algorithms are all well known and documented. There’s literally no reason an open pipeline for compiling AAA games from crowd funded content couldn’t be a thing except for how we are expected to apply attention to such things
Manchester United likely to hijack Liverpool's deal to sign Thiago
Rather than having independent language implementations of LIVR which can diverge, stop being maintained etc. etc.

What about having a common description of the supported behaviours then compile these to each supported language? Like AWS generates its language bindings

API descriptions: https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-js/tree/master/apis

https://awsfeed.com/whats-new/open-source/generate-python-ja...
> There’s many more inputs than just work-hours.

Obviously, but if you consider those to be very similar at the top of some field, wouldn't you expect work-hours to be important in predicting the outcome? I'm sure you can draw clear lines between two individuals, but when you look at many people of similar ability, how much time they put in will most likely predict their results pretty well.

> We build our institutions to guard against this.

We do? Is there a thing where you can explain that you're as smart as other people and therefore it shouldn't matter that they work 5 days a week in some area and you only work one day, and that it's unfair that they produce more results than you and get the promotion/grant/whatever you compete for? I've never heard of it.