skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There is some similarity, but it is so agonizingly superficial. At their core, they're for two very different, arguably orthogonal, purposes, and they behave in two very different ways. Sum types are for composing datatypes, and interfaces are for abstracting behaviors.

In practice, that means that there's just not much overlap between their semantics. Sum types let you say, "A Widget is either a Foo or a Bar, but nothing else." Interfaces give you no way to set boundaries like that. They say, "A Widget is anything that declares itself to be a Widget." And then you can declare Widgets Foo and Bar, sure, but anyone else can come along later and create Baz and Bof.

Interfaces, on the other hand, place restrictions on behavior. You say, "A Widget must support these operations," and, if Foo and Bar are Widgets, they must support those operations. Sum types don't let you do that. A sum type Widget with elements Foo and Bar places zero restrictions on what Foo and Bar look like. They could be literally anything.

The question, "What would happen if the elements of a variant type were themselves interfaces?" leaves me wondering if the authors' consideration of variant types consisted of taking a cursory look at Scala, which does (confusingly and hackily) co-opt Java's inheritance mechanisms in its implementation of sum types. Which does lead to some serious language warts. There are plenty of other languages which have both interfaces (or typeclasses) and sum types implemented more independently, though, and it does not typically lead to confusion.

That last paragraph is also somewhat bothersome, and makes me think once again that this response is more of an offhanded dismissal than a considered answer. The full question is essentially, "Why don't you implement this feature that would greatly increase the language's type safety?" and the response is, "Because you don't need it. See, if you just abandon type safety, what you can do is..."

I suspect that the real answer, even if the FAQ authors or the people who designed the language don't realize it, is that generics are practically (if not technically) a precondition for an algebraic type system. You could implement one without generics, but it wouldn't be very useful.
The line between being willing to take enough risk to get involved in drugs and being risk averse not to get in trouble from being involved with drugs is a very thin line.

You can get rich from drugs very easily but getting rich from drugs while minimising your risk enough to live out your days comfortably is hard.

The smart way for a nerd to get rich from drugs is to formulate a short-term high risk plan that utilises the dark net to acquire and sell drugs before moving on very quickly. The problem is, if you’re making a lot of money very quickly... can you give it up? What’s one more day? What’s another week? You’ve been going 6 months — what’s 7?

Drug dealing groups are not a carefully designed and well oiled machine, there’s no knowledge passed down from generation to generation: there’s a group of people who haven’t yet been caught out by their mistakes. The people mentioned in this article made a mistake by using this app, and that mistake finally caught up to them.

The whole drug industry is predatory, the smartest people involved in drugs are the most predatory because minimising risk for yourself means offloading that risk onto others using violence and coercion.

There’s no romantic art to drug dealing: if you’re smart and willing to hurt others, you can be a millionaire before the year is out.
Facebook says 5k app developers got user data after cutoff date
> the sort of Coopers Colour Code style thinking.

... and now you've got all of us gun nuts paying attention :)
A lot of the time the enterprise architect is a project manager with technical insights, ability to talk to both the business and the development side, and, most importantly someone who has a real impact on decision making.

We use them quite a lot, to reasonable success in the Danish public sector. The real trouble starts when you get too many MBA types and no technical experts on your “architect team”, but they tend to work their way into decision making in any form in enterprise anyway, so it’s not like you can really avoid them even if you don’t use EAs.

I get the article though, architect can be so many things in IT. It can be the techie who took an MBA and now uses it to get top management on board with what IT needs to the guy who set up and maintains your office365/ADFS/Azure administration, to someone who is telling you how to build software. And enterprise architect is often the most meaningless title of all. Doesn’t mean they’re all useless, because they really aren’t, but it does mean you never know what you get until you’ve seen what they can do.
> also will compile, because integer literals are untyped until they are used

Doesn't that make them type-unsafe? In C++ or Haskell, implicitly assigning integer literals like that isn't valid.
data State = On | Off deriving (Eq, Enum)
Every single metric points to low returns, probably even negative over the next 5-10 years: CAPE, average investor allocation to stocks vs bonds, bond yields themselves, market cap / GDP, basic demographics. That is all without even considering covid and the response to covid.
Just as a curious reader, what exactly is it that makes you very much prefer Python to JS? As someone who uses both professionally I rarely if ever miss Python features in JS (or vice versa for that matter, aside from the lack of multi-line anonymous functions or block scoped variables in Python)
You are basically saying "All lives matter." I agree that it happen to everyone. But we are talking about common sexist experience that women encounter. Please bring your attention back to "Me too", "Black lives matter" and the problem that I am mentioning above that mostly specially happen to women in tech. That's how you can become a good ally.
IMO the real problem is that wages have been stagnant for decades despite the average worker becoming more and more efficient at their jobs. Complaints about the moral hazard of giving people money rings hollow given how poorly we in the US have invested in our communities and social welfare. I feel we're just reaping what we've sown.
That’s a lot of cash to burn for nothing, supposedly though the goals of their brand advertising are building goodwill? At least according to this article

https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2016/09/26/co...

This one seems to have a sales impact but it’s perhaps a more sophisticated campaign

https://www.wsj.com/articles/share-a-coke-credited-with-a-po...
Android is less open source than it used to be. I wonder what percent of the vulnerabilities in Android are in the open-source portions (kernel, system libraries) vs the framework/apps.
> But as a web-dev I dislike Apple/Safari. They have become MS/IE 2.0.

This sentiment is inexact and incorrect. MS/IE was a problem once it achieved market dominance. Safari has never achieved such dominance.

More accurate is a comparison using Netscape 1.x-4.x and MSIE =< 6. Allow me to explain.

Prior to MSIE dominating with IE 6, MS was engaged in its campaign to "embrace, extend, and extinguish" Netscape. This is similar to where Google Chrome is now.

Google Chrome rolls in not-yet-ratified web "standards" before anyone, including Safari, has a chance to respond. Thereby, Google Chrome increasingly establishes its dominance.

Safari is in the position of Netscape, with a codebase that is increasingly perceived as inadequate when compared to Google Chrome.

Of course, such a comparison can only go so far.

My main point is that Safari is not flouting or disregarding established W3C/WHATWG web standards but, rather, being very careful about how it implements ratified standards, something that takes time.

Google Chrome, on the other hand, bakes in anything and everything to secure its advantage in the browser market, just as MS did with IE when Netscape was still around.

Once Netscape died, MSIE 6 was the problem.
Calorie density is also mentioned. You have to eat an prodigious amount of kale and celery to get the same number of calories.

When I worked lower paying manual labor jobs (dishwasher, landscaper etc.), fast food was much more alluring than the idea of a salad. I suspect it's largely because I was craving a huge influx of calories, not to mention the food is engineered to hijack our taste buds.
This is totally unrelated to this post, but the one I want to comment on (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22093297), I can't. I wonder if I could get a link to the pdf for The Priceless Gift by Cornelius Hirschberg? It's a very hard to find book :)
Why is SWE undervalued in Germany?

Are other engineering disciplines valued higher?
I had this discussion with my partner while hiking last weekend!

Our consensus was that the persistence of digital information is extremely fragile compared to physical media and oral tradition.

This is kind of scary. Our biological niche is very much dependent on culture and passing on information.
What do you say to people who respond to stories about exploited labor with, "But they have a better life now than they did before!"?
OnePlus is a terrible company. I purchased one of their phones, I had some issues with the device within the 30 day return period. It was a popular issue, I think it was ghost touch but it has been a while. Anyway, in order to get a refund I had to do a charge back with my CC company.

I am pretty confident my next phone will be an Apple device. I was an Android fan, purchased all google/nexus devices starting with the G1. I had problems with many of those devices. I have switched to Samsung, but the amount of garbage on the phone still annoys me. Therefore, it is time to try iOS.
If successful, this could open huge doors in machine translation and NLP. Very cool.
This appears to be an attempt to make a Wikipedia using the semantic data from Wikidata. The semantic web ideas of Tim Berners-Lee may be catching on.
MS will ban Forza players who add the confederate flag to their digital cars
It's very complicated, some of the greatest successes in catching up to 'developed nations' have relied on open markets and others have been far more protectionist. Protectionism has huge negatives in exchange for the benefit of being able to have a local industry in an area that's not disrupted by global markets. With a few exceptions, said industry is unlikely to become globally competitive and mostly competes for the market of the country it's in which may be a tiny portion of the global market. In contrast, industries honed by competition may be able to compete in the global marketplace, but are largely restricted by the practices that make them competitive there which tend to involve cheap labour for lower prices. If there were very clear answers here we would have seen far more countries following them to develop. Unfortunately, the truth is it's an extremely complicated case by case decision where it's very hard to know the right answer in general. We tend to see a strong bias for open markets on the right and protectionism on the left, which further complicates things as neither solution seems to capture the whole problem.
How to apply themes to Snap apps on Ubuntu
Bullion. In the US (and I think UK) there's also a dense liquid version (local brand name is "Better Than Bullion") which is quite a bit tastier imo.
Of course bailouts from the Fed "make" money. When the Fed increases its balance sheet by $2T, it "made" $2T. Indeed if it devoted the entire bailout to buying paperclips or Renaissance art, or S&P500 common stock, the prices of those things would go up (or go down less). However, the question is whether the Fed is buying things that are in the public interest.
> Yet you are trying to go back 50 years instead.

I think some Linux desktop users might have issue with that statement.

> No it isn't, you just have to free yourself from POSIX chains and embrace Android APIs and architecture models.

Each app in Android runs completely isolated from every other app (and more so every day). You can embrace Android but you have to throw out literally the last 50 years of technology. And plus, Android itself is kind of awful. It's the most hacked together OS that's been created in the last few decades. New does not mean better.

Are you really expecting developers to basically recreate the last 50 years of software development tools? What makes you think that's viable?

It's not surprising that most pure Android tools suck because they can't leverage everything that has been done and is currently being done on the desktop, servers, etc. Everything has to be recreated almost from scratch or shoe-horned in and it's awful.
Buried? As the 6th post in an 8-post thread? And I don't see any flaming at all. Your comment here is far more aggressive than any in the Github issue.
I saw a great suggestion the other day -

> The npm ecosystem needs something like the distinction between Ubuntu's "main" and "universe" repositories, so that you have a smaller subset of known-good packages with harmonized transitive dependencies, stronger centralized curation, a lot more direct scrutiny, tighter control over versioning, and some party that is responsible for addressing vulnerabilities and ensuring appropriate maintainership.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23680734
Hundreds arrested as crime chat network cracked (BBC)
A can of crushed tomatoes instead of the cooking wine also yields a good stew. :)
> Why should an engineer be paid that value they produce when they assume none of the risk?

Engineers are never fired? Not even when the company shuts down?

> If the company goes bankrupt, will the engineer be willing to bail the company out?

Sometimes yes, with their (and mine) taxes.
There's some similar work out that analyses the impact on conference paper acceptance of having deanonymised arXiv versions of papers available before review. They look at ICLR papers for the last 2 years.

I've not read it in a lot of detail but it looks like there's a positive correlation between releasing papers and having them accepted. Not sure how they've controlled for confounders (you only release papers you're confident in the quality of on arXiv?) https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.00177.pdf
This article wholly misses the point. Android is not a secure OS because it enables and allows behaviors that make it leak data and protect the user poorly. Security isn't just a matter of not having memory vulnerabilities or using good encryption.

That's where Google and it's advocates have failed to understand what security is. Security is keeping something safe. And with the amount of data exfiltration Google's default platform plus the apps it allows and encourages do does not do a good job securing your information.

When a user installs an app that does behavior they didn't expect or intend to permit, that's a security issue, even if the platform APIs allowed it.

The difference in how Apple and Google approach Web APIs discussed a couple days ago highlights this: Google added a ton of APIs that lets websites do stuff with your computer, Apple decided they are risky and chooses not to implement them. Google would say the user has to give permission for those APIs to be used, so there's no security flaw if a website uses them maliciously: The user gave permission. Whereas, Apple would recognize the benefits to the user are minimal compared to the risk when the user grants permission unintentionally, which happens all the time for other web APIs like push notifications and even extension installs.

Practical security and technical security are two different things. Google does not even comprehend the former, while receiving wide accolades for their expertise at the latter, as in this article.
No doubt! I regularly use Reader view in browsers, Instapaper, and RSS readers to escape the ad strewn hellscape we've created online.
From the Dutch Public Prosecution Service (Dutch: Openbaar ministerie, OM): "De berichten van ongeveer 10.000 gebruikers alleen al in Nederland hebben zicht gegeven op ongekend grote aantallen ernstige misdrijven, waaronder grote, internationale drugstransporten en drugslabs, liquidaties, plofkraken, afpersingen, overvallen, zware mishandeling en gijzelingen."
https://www.om.nl/actueel/nieuws/2020/07/02/aardschok-voor-g...

Most probably "plofkraken" has been translated to "trashing robberies". A better translation would be something like "ram-raiding" or "ATM-raiding".
It's not any particular feature that makes a language a mess. It's the interaction between the features. It's a bit like mixing paint, it's very easy to end up with greyish poop.

Go was designed by very experienced programmers that understood the cost of abstraction and complexity well.

They didn't do an absolutely perfect job. It's probably true that Go would be a better language with a simplified generics implementation, enums, and maybe a bit more. That they erred on the side of simplicity shows how they were thinking. It's an excellent example of less is more.

Most programmers never gain the wisdom and/or confidence to keep things boringly simple. Everyone likes to use cool flashy things because it makes what can be a boring job more interesting.

But if your goal is productivity, and the fun comes from what you accomplish, then the code can be relatively mundane and still be very fun to write.
We /are/ using them. :-)
Go is like C. AKA roll your own unsafe type system at runtime with void pointers (or interface {} in Go). This isn't acceptable for a language released 10 years ago. On one hand you have a rigid type system very limited in terms of polymorphism, on the other hand with interface {} anything goes, even creating Adhoc functions at runtime.

Go should have taken cues from ADA and how it implements generics. There is enough polymorphism to solve most cases where generics are useful, but also enough limitations so that a codebase isn't cluttered with `Type A<Type B<C,D,Type E<F,G,H>>>` horrors everywhere.
What to do when a Google Core Update hits you? Nothing, do nothing
I was thinking this was going to be about mass produced fruits and vegetables and how they actually have less nutrients (vitamins, minerals) than generations past.
I don't think it ever goes away until you make peace with who you are. Accept that some days you will be less productive than others. Accept that somebody else will always appear to get more done than you.

Give a look at Scott Adams's goals vs systems. Personally, when I stick to my system I am less likely to look to something else to judge if I'm "doing enough" and as a result, imposter syndrome doesn't have a chance to creep in.
I agree completely, but a benchmark is needed, as a business owner with (currently) small reserves and no revenue you always want to pay low.

You need a frame of reference.
This is a really strange take.

Once people have gone down the avenue of earnestly reporting private information leakage, the correct answer is to investigate. DDG decided not to do this and instead dismissed the problem completely out of hand and ignored it for almost a year without taking any action.

No one asked for an apology, they asked DDG to admit fault and then to fix the problem. ie "we shouldn't have done that" not "we're sorry we did that."

You keep saying "mob" but these people didn't collect to harass, if you actually read all of the comments the vast majority are people who are (rightly!) concerned about their data privacy advocate built software leaking every visited URL.
It's exceedingly likely that other ISPs do this exact same thing. I've always, always used my own router and, when possible, my own modem.

Even if it's not a glaring security hole like this one, using the ISP's router makes it easier for them to monitor you and serve you ads using "DNS assistance"-type programs. And most of the time you pay them for it with an extra $5-$10 on your monthly bill!
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Udemy is valued at $2BN and growing exponentially - from 150 employees to 760 in the last 3 years and engineering and product orgs around 250 to date.

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udemy.com/careers
What are the advantages of an mRNA vaccine for Covid-19?
It's common for people not to know the "proper" pronunciation of the name. For a well-known example, you might have heard of the infamous case of Ghislaine Marchal.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affaire_Omar_Raddad#Ghislaine_...
How I struggled to build a Nextcloud server (and won)
Italian ski resort fights glacial melting with giant tarps
While I understand this was most likely posted in a fit of brief anger, the non-coastal areas are not a desolate wasteland.
Isnt that odd information to expect from what seems to be primary movie review?

Even if the article wants also criticise some abuse that happened, the whole "who chose to participate, what did hey know, how do they feel about their experience, why" still seems like too much information/expectation. Just getting interviews and verifying them would take awful lot of work for basically review.
How many engineers are able to directly convert their work into a revenue number? It's not like a Sales job where there are ever increasing targets and money coming in is recorded meticulously.
A bit of therapy might help. Getting off of HN and other sources that cause you anxiety would be a good start.
"Bezos et al are just not paying as much as regular people"
they are not! they might pay more at the $ value, but not more of their net worth.
If you are making $100k and pay at least $20k in taxes, your net worth should be $20M to be in the same bracket as Bezos!
Amazon scientist Matthias Seeger receives ICML “test of time” award
You've never seen someone break or add a @ignore to a unit test they don't understand in order to push out some code? Unfortunately I have, either way that isn't the only situation where a pepper is useful.
Visualizing Voting Methods and Spoiler Effect
It could be you're not used to the fiber content. I've found swapping breakfast out for some raw oats in milk or plain yogurt helped my general digestion (but of course, everyone is different).
Fixing critical vulnerabilities in Apache's remote desktop
Have you looked into low-FODMAP diets? The "full Monty" is way too restrictive, but, after a while on it, my wife tried a reduced-FODMAP diet that made a huge difference for her.

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-preventi...
Will this mean it will be like the bot generated Wikipedias (like the Cebuano Wikipedia) except it will be done by a Wikidata powered template? It might work for basic data-based facts like populations of villages but what about more complicated statements.
I would like to see Netguard add global blacklisting, e.g. to blacklist fb for all applications, not per-application.
Building Principles: Linear Method
Must watch
Experiments on Happiness - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EnPHxXKtpk
I have never had a submission flagged minutes after submitting but my link to the BBC story got flagged, what’s up with that? Edit: and now this one too!
happiness is a vague concept

as long as you're not depressed, you're fine
It seems that you are saying that properly charging for shipping to be a dark patterns? Or you mean different kind of deal? Can you elaborate? As far as I know, the shipping charge doesn't scale linearly with number of items, so to me including shipping within the items price is going to overcharge the customer.