skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Short of me digging through boxes of old college textbooks and such, I must wave my hands about as I struggle with memory. Here goes:

essentially the number of particle "generations" (with the first generations of leptons being the electron, the positron, the electron neutrino, and the electron anti-neutrino) has an effect on the abundance of the "light elements" like Helium-4 during the early phase of the universe. This was pointed out as a dependence in roughly the 1960s by Hoyle (yes, that Hoyle) and Tayler. Each generation would increase the density of the early universe, causing it to expand faster, and in turn the earlier the transmutations of light elements would have stopped, leaving excess neutrons to go around. This means more Helium-4. So, measure the Helium-4 abundance and you can set some error bars on the number of generations.

So the tau particle, in generation three, was predicted around 1971 and finally detected about six years later. Of course the Nobel for this discovery wasn't awarded until much later but everyone was on tenterhooks: could we find a fourth generation? Could it exist? But we didn't have the measurements of the early universe nailed down at the time.

Measurements of the abundance of these elements around the late eighties or early nineties is in line with the number of generations being three, but it could be four at the "couple of sigma" level of confidence. Indeed, originally it was thought that four was an upper limit in the 1980s.

And so here we are. For a fourth generation, the equivalent of the electron mass would be >> 45 GeV/c². Simply enormous. My guess is that further observations have pushed the confidence of "three" much much higher since then, but I haven't been paying attention.

Of course, the generations aren't confined to leptons (the "lightest" particles), but also to the quarks. So the first generation has its mirror in the up quark, the anti-up quark, the down quark, and the anti-down quark. Again, one of those symmetries I brought up.
Show HN: Cedreo easy Floor Plan Software. Instant 3D floor plans from 2D drawing
ibogaineclinic.com or search YouTube for ibogaine by David Dardashti. He is a global pioneer in using pure ibogaine which is an isolated HCL from Iboga root bark. He had a video talking about the street pressed drugs. he treated a patient who was on street pressed oxys.
That's great! Let me know if it works well for you and/or if you have any suggestions (I'm Dutch myself).
> It'll be interesting to see whether it's has much uptake.

It will. Physical media is a practical annoyance for most consumers.
EU-funded research project announces promising results for potential treatment
Their "honest government ads" are hilarious and very, very sad.
Read the wiki link I posted. It tells you why they believe it likely religious.
Oh Brad Smith. Like, only few years back he was heading Microsoft’s onslaught against Linux and open source with exactly the opposite, calling Microsoft technology “open” because they published APIs. I wonder where Republican law makers got their straight face hypocrisy and cynicism if not from companies like Microsoft.
In the BaFin's defense:

- The accusations of FT journalist McCrum as well as the initial "bombshells" of shady "researchers" (that no one ever heard of before or thereafter) weren't really red-flags but rather came across as construed (the contents of those bombshells are not necessarily tied to the missing billions)

- some of the outspoken short sellers have a shady history as well

- What else should the BaFin as well as prosecutors do if there are witnesses that claim to know about FT, or someone connected, offering them future dates of incriminating articles to be released? Banning short-selling for a limited amount of time was the reasonable thing to do.

- Simultaneously the prosecutors started investigating against WDI and the BaFin opened investigations weeks/months ago against WDI CEO and its leadership for cases of market manipulation (due to their communication in recent months), so they aren't exactly biased

OTOH:

- the aforementioned paints BaFin at least as slow to respond (I've had contacted them about other ponzi's in the past and it often took years (5+) until arrests were made).

What is clear:

- there is a high degree of criminal activity involved

- it can't be a single person pulling this off

- and at least one of them must be in the upper-echelons of WDI

Whether or not Braun is that one will make all the difference for shareholders.
Awesome, thanks. I hadn't realized SICP was structured that way.
Proposals to Amend Section 230 Share a Similar Goal: Damage Online Users’ Speech
Windows had 90% market share then.
But the difference is that the US has harsh punishment and a system that learns from its mistakes. In Germany, bad actors are usually involved with the highest political circles and nothing ever happens. See the "cum ex" scandal, which cost the tax payers something like $36b and Germany just let it continue for years after taking notice.
>China could have thousands of these sleeper drones

Why is China your example and not X? There are other countries that use killer drones, do secret killing and kidnapping operations on other countries territories etc.

I have the impression that a few years back you would have said Russia, then N Coreea and today China, like the big bad enemy is changing each few years depending on what politics need.
Breachstortion – Between the Hacks
I think their is ample evidence showing in the historical context some beliefs are referenced as religions and some as cults.

In fact especially in a historical context cult is akin to a social movement and don’t refer to religions at all. And the word cult is only aligned with religion in the modern context.
right... which is why this entire line of the thread is worthless because it's nothing at all like a faked moon landing.
Not that any of this advice is bad - a lot of it I agree whole-heartedly with - but it overestimates the amount of influence developers, let alone junior developers, have on the final design of a corporate site. If management/design want infinite scrolling then that's what they get, whatever the developers say.
It's worth noting that Epic Games isn't really making headway into the market by providing innovation. They're just dumping money into it, making everything worse for Linux users.
In 2007/8 people were buying iPhones despite them not having an app store at all.
Purely speculating, but the reason for GAEN being part of Play Services is probably that otherwise it would require an OS update to be installed, which means ~80% of the Android phones being used "out in the wild" would be incompatible (Ok, maybe a bit less in Switzerland). And (even more speculative), the reason for using GAEN instead of DP3T may be battery usage? So you could build a theoretically pure open source implementation, but then nobody would use it because it drains their battery twice as fast as normal...
AFAIK it's also against App Store policies to charge different prices in the app and outside.
>But a bad crypto implementation will work. For all intents and purposes, it will appear completely fine. Users will get their messages. The bitstream will appear completely random. At least, until somebody with expertise in breaking crypto systems digs into it.

And that applies even if they're using AES but wrong mode of operation. That applies even if they're using best practices like AES-GCM but the CPU doesn't support AES-NI and a cache timing attack allows key exfiltration.

Like Swiftonsecurity wrote:

"Cryptography is nightmare magic math that cares what kind of pen you use. Should math care what kind of pen you use to implement it? No, but Fuck You, this is Cryptography."

The attacks are incredibly subtle for even the best systems, and Telegram is so far away from even adaquate it's difficult to emphasize it so I'll try with my best restraint:

TELEGRAM FUCKING LEAKS EVERY GROUP MESSAGE TO THE SERVER WHICH IS THE EXACT EQUIVALENT OF A FUCKING BACK DOOR.

I hope that didn't leave anything unambiguous.
even office applications the web based offerings are years behind their native desktop versions. they are good for some basic work but if you need to do proper work you have to use the desktop versions in most occasions.
Except that these cloud providers are trying to undercut each other as much as possible all the time, and you really honestly don't have to use them to build your service if you don't want to.

If you want a bunch of super convenient features like elastic compute, you will, but they didn't have those features when they built their flagship products.
> I do truly hate the excessive emojis.

I am more in the camp of actually always finding them excessive. Especially in more serious, and possibly, interesting posts.
Rebol or its successor Red.

Programming in Rebol literally changed my mind, for the better. Single executable. Edit scripts with any text editor. If you want to do visual stuff, get the View edition. So easy and fun: http://www.mycode4fun.co.uk/About-Red-Programming

BITD, at my old ecom company, I wrote a 1-liner to monitor a list of webservers, and if any of them went down, it would email a list of people. So easy in Rebol!
Their graphs include "Cuckoo++" and "Cuckoo++ w/ timers".

From their GitHub repo[1] it looks like the timer feature isn't built-in by default: BLOOM is just Cuckoo++, while LAZY_BLOOM is Cuckoo++ with timers.

[1] https://github.com/technicolor-research/cuckoopp#benckmarkin...
There was no App Store for the first year, which I believe is a time when Android didn't exist. An app-less iPhone would not be able to compete with an app-store backed Android.
Sensor vs Transducer
Turkey has a unique geographic location of immense strategic value. There is a reason NATO bends over backwards to include a country that is culturally completely incompatible with the rest of the mostly European members and even openly attacking other NATO members like Greece. What you see now is heavy influence of China that wants to take complete control over Europe under the guise of something called the "Belt and Road" initiative with the heavy support of some European industrial leaders.

Assume that the leadership in Turkey is nothing more than a puppet regime fullfilling those interests.
Well there is a vaste amount of evidence and history regarding religious use of hats. It's not a stretch to assume this hat was used by a priest or someone in a leadership role, ancient Egypt has volumes of different immense hat types worn by priests and Pharaohs, Christianity does as well, the pope's various Mitre hat's for example, worn for thousands of years. High priests and priestess's of many types of religions, ancient and modern, use hats to signify rank, especially those made with gold, rare materials, and decorated with significance.
I too thought of just blaming it on Google's idiosyncrasy, but PWA has stood the test of time with multiple parties (browsers) extending their support.

Perhaps, I'm thinking other way round; May be PWA was supposed to kill traditional web apps and was intended to bring web apps to Playstore/Appstore but it didn't happen(yet).

>Android’s Instant Apps, announced a few years ago (seemingly to go nowhere?) seemed like a direct attack on the use case for web sites, but the company tolerated it.

I think android instant apps are meant for Google Assistant ecosystem, Google Smart Display have it and Fuchsia would have GA; so instant apps might come handy.
Random thoughts:

> One common mechanism was the establishment of an emergency committee— sometimes at the state level, other times at the level of the county or city— to deal with the overwhelming need for organization, communication, and cooperation among individuals, agencies, and organizations.

It's interesting they brought this up because the debate is often framed by the right as the "zippy right wing free market capitalists" versus "the slow and inefficient left." Yet from my perspective as a left-leaning individual, Republicans have tried to halt, sabotage and corrupt reasonable reform until it becomes unrecognizable -- i.e., Obamacare. Or they sabotage attempts to deal with COVID-19 reasonably.

If I'm being fair, it seems like institutional rot goes much deeper than any political ideology.

> It is striking to me how many of the old Silicon Valley builders—people of Andreeson's generation—were social outcasts in their youth. These people felt estranged from the established corsus honorum of American society.

Ironically, they were social outcasts because they spent the majority of their time focusing on stuff that mainstream society didn't understand the value of -- messing around with computers.

Now that internet-based businesses have become so profitable, upper middle class kids with sufficient aptitude are generally encouraged to mess around with computers. Someone tells their grandparents they want to be a software developer, and they're proud of them (thinking of all the people who've gotten rich off the internet), instead of saying "what the hell is that?"
It's ironic to watch non-technical gamers hoot and holler about how evil Epic is while they pour millions into a world class engine for devs, and build out the first "full house" competitor to Steam (meaning they include free unlimited backend services in addition to the store front)
Anyone out there working on affordable, autonomous, personal, portable anti-aircraft defense systems?
I had the same reaction. Constantinople fell in 1453. That's 917 years later. Justinian maybe represented the high water mark, but the empire continued to contract and expand in the centuries to follow.

So few human institutions have lasted 917 years, it's hard to compare this claim to anything. It's a little bit like arguing that the sack of Rome in 390 BC was a mere precursor to the one that took place in 410 later, or like arguing Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance helped hasten along the Italian Renaissance.
I did take a look at the article before writing my comment, and I disagree with its premise as well as conclusion. The human mind has a variety of specialized functions. Our ocular cortex does a sort of convolution on a 2D field with three color and one alpha ‘sensors’ (cones and rods). If specialization were less powerful than generality, why isn’t our brain one giant lobe with no diversity in neuron topography?

The idea that specialization is not as powerful as computation fails the most basic test of a proactive, rather than retroactive, theory. Can you make proactive claims about what works in any given domain? Is the solution to take the hungriest algorithm and apply it? What about feature engineering, cleaning, parameter tuning, analysis, etc.? Is the most power hungry solution still the most effective? In my opinion, part of the reason humans aren’t just giant computation blobs is that we thrive on constraints (physical, sexual, emotional).
I understand. Thanks for the feedback. I think about this too.

I'm not an anonymous person. I've been a Hacker News user since the very beginning. I share my contact info in my profile. My reputation is my livelihood. I've never done anything shady and don't intend to start now :-) So I'd like to believe that people see that judge for themselves whether to trust me or not.

Knowing who is behind a product, at least for me personally, makes a difference. Just a couple of days ago I started a Youtube channel to openly talk about my thoughts: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHkgOonAQd5haT8HHJhpg6g

But yeah I hear your concerns, and I respect your decision to not use my app.
It's quite beside the point what anyone claims.

The claim you're objecting to is about the lockdown policy, not claims about the lockdown policy.

More specifically: its substance and impact, not the rhetoric or stated intentions around it.
Are you the only one who works on the project? You might not notice it in that case, but the engineer who comes after you will.
I've always found HIBP in this funny conflicting situation - on hand you should never provide your email or password to a 3rd party service because it's probably malicious, but on the other hand in HIBP's case it's very evidently not malicious, so it's totally fine. But it's evident only if you follow Troy for a while to see what he's doing.

I think it's a good study in game theory at the least.
At my Starbucks (and presumably others), dogs riding in a car in the drive-through regularly receive "puppercinos," a cup of whipped cream. I noticed how the dogs immediately go to the driver-side window and begin making eyes at the baristas.
Also,

- Telegram does NOT support E2E encryption for group chats on any platform.

- Telegram does not use E2E encryption for ANYTHING by default.
to me it looks like they are overstretching their hand and will eventually snap. if AKP stays in office eventually turkey will be the next Iraq without oil
Thank you. Great points. I'll fix that.
The credit card companies found that 1-3% is all they get away with skimming from the top. That being said they have massive volumes. I wonder why everyone is so accepting of such a massive cut of the profits. We need to demand 2% and NO MORE of a cut of profits and that should go to everything from Ubers to software sales.

I think a really low percentage wave is going to disrupt these markets as new competitors that are bootstrapped, slimmed down and not VC money hungry enter the scene. All it takes is for people to start demanding they get paid for the real work and not the sale.
And I completely agree with all of that. That doesn't change the fact that "the government wouldn't defraud you" is a horrific argument. And that is one of his points.
Downloaded part 1 of your book last night and read it, as a fellow computer scientist and educator, very very solid work! I bought the book!

Are you aware of anyone who made an interactive version (eg in the browser) of the boxes and balls model? Would be really fun to mess around with it interactively.
The GDP of China is 15.27 trillion dollars. I'm pretty sure they're not throwing as much money as you think they are.
Google pushes “text fragment links” with new Chrome extension
I don't know about vast majority, but for many, yes. Where health checks come in handy for me is when my services are unreliable. I find it pretty common that my services don't crash outright, but they get into weird states that make them nonfunctional. systemd doesn't help you there, since it only cares if the process is still running.

Something like stealthcheck makes it easy to run smoke tests (or even full integration tests) and force restart the service if they fail.

Then again maybe I'm just bad at writing services.
Of course it is! For the vast majority of users, the Play or App Store is the only possible way to install software.

Of course the difficulty and headaches involved with windows package management are pretty asinine, they at least are an accessible and non-gated platform for both the developer and user, which can't be said for Android and iOS/MacOS.
You also have to factor in the feasibility of that someone being able to get away with murder, then you must factor in how valuable a couple decades in prison is worth to them, and how prone they are to taking such risks.
Innate Immune Cells
Interesting here is a documentary on this https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQ5m0Gv-xKM
Netflix dodged the Apple 30% tax in the same way Apple dodges the Google play tax. This clearly cannot be the reason nobody complains about it.

And of course a lot of people are not complaining about the commission on subscriptions, but the commission on purchases.
It can be done:

https://www.evilmadscientist.com/2016/6502/

is a minicomputer implementation of the 6502. You can also make a "soft core" than can be uploaded to an FPGA, see

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_microprocessor

Some of those are open source. Probably the simplest CPU architecture for the CPU hacker is

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_triggered_architectu...

which is not only easy to design, but lets you add custom processing units such that you can codesign the chip with the software it runs.
Please check this video presentation for a simple overview of Laplace Transform [1]. Basically Fourier Transform (FT) is a special case (subset) of Laplace Transform (LT) where the signal waveform revolves around a unit circle (real power of exponents) . Similarly, LT is basically a generalization (superset) of FT that the signal waveforms revolve off the unit circle (complex power of exponents).

The discrete FT or DFT, however, as the name clearly implied, is the discrete version of FT and similarly discrete Laplace Transform (DLT) is the discrete version of LT. The main difference is that DFT covers finite sum but DLT covers infinite sum.

The faster version of DFT (without compromising the resolution accuracy) is called FFT and it is probably the most useful and important algorithm in the 21st century! The inverse FFT is called IFFT and it was discovered around the same time of FFT. The faster version of DLT is interestingly called Chirp-Z Transform (CZT) and somehow its inverse (ICZT) discovery is at a much later date as has been reported recently [2] and also featured in HN [3]. This much later date of discovery is mainly due to the complexity of complex power exponents (pardon the pun but cannot resist).

Fun fact, CT was discovered by Lawrence Rebinar who was working at AT&T's speech processing lab (SPL) [4]. The lab is so well funded that Kernighan and Ritchie who were belong to the other lab has to scrap by the older computer of the SDL (the infamous PDP-7) where Unix was originally developed on when Multics project got canceled.

[1]https://youtu.be/n2y7n6jw5d0

[2]https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/research-news/dsp-inv...

[3]https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21230757

[4]https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1276120
I'm firmly in the camp that convictions should be difficult to get. I dislike the manipulations of the legal system that universally work against the average person and for the large entities or wealthy who can afford expertise.

Jury Nullification is one such example. Threats of life in prison (even if innocent) unless you plea down to a lesser charge is another.
Think this wouldn't be possible without the locked down part? It is far from a necessary evil IMO.
Me too, but I am focusing more on the battle than the war :)
It’s interesting that Ive had hesitations about building a product that takes the user out of reality. I also have that hesitation about VR; that is, I don’t like the fact that it takes up my entire field of vision, and I am hesitant to adopt a new screen technology when I don’t feel like I have properly reckoned with the screens I already have.

I hope that Apple will have Screen Time on this device.
Excuse my meta-pedantry, but an orbit is not defined only by a height, it requires also an appropriate velocity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit
Isn't mips dead except for IoT?
You don’t have to send the password to determine if it’s pwned... they have a hashing scheme to determine if a password was in any leaks.

See
https://haveibeenpwned.com/API/v3#SearchingPwnedPasswordsByR...
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