skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Sure, I'm pretty sure I learned the terms in middle school too. But along with matrix inverses, it's not the kind of thing that people retain, especially since it was detached from any real framework with which to orient it; many students tend to learn it by rote as a descriptor detached from any usefulness or meaning. Eg, you don't need to do any reasoning about the concept of commutativity to know that subtraction isn't commutative; much younger children are capable of subtraction without grasping commutativity as an abstract concept. Associativity as an out-of-place concept is similarly useless for lower-level math when you can just use the much more concrete PEMDAS.

Function composition is a pretty trivial concept, but I referred specifically to using ∘ to represent it; this symbol isn't IME as widely-understood to the layman as simply using f(g(x)) (by contrast with college-level and higher math, where it's very widely in use).

The gist of my point was that even the smartest quantitatively-inclined people who went to my private school in a tony part of California aren't likely to have retained familiarity with these concepts unless their college education and/or career involves theoretical math. This is leaving aside people not as smart, or less quantitatively-inclined; my friends who fall into this bucket probably didn't remember what commutativity and associativity were by the time they _entered_ college, let alone later in life. Arguably this latter group wouldn't be part of the target audience interested in reading an article about theoretical math at all, but my friends in the former group certainly would read publications like Nautilus on general mathematical topics.
I think article should free and the comment section should cost 5c to post.

Make bank.
Information is value. google/facebook/etc managed to very slowly migrate that value to their books, without having to pay for it.
This.

My experience with Python goes like this:

"I have to write a really small script... ok, not so small that I can do it with bash. I know, I'll use Python! This is going to be a small, throwaway utility anyway"

(Some weeks later, it's turned into a large monstrosity and I need to refactor something, and everything breaks because refactoring anything nontrivial written in Python is a dangerous proposition)

"Ouch! Python: never again!"

(Repeat a few weeks later)
I’ll second this. You don’t even have to go all in and spend a year programming it. Just dipping your toe into SICP/Lisp every once in a while is enough to shock you into realizing that there’s a much broader scope of possibilities in programming that has not been effectively exposed to you or the masses.

SICP really gives you a “full-stack” appreciation for software (from applications down to compilers and interpreters). It’s horizon-expanding.
Can you point to some worthy examples of this as proofs of existence? And I mean something truly novel, and not simply a different way to do something we already can do.
Sorry I misunderstood you...

I appreciate that it is real work, and I hope I don't come across as making light of that. I've spent a lot of time the past few weeks grappling with imposter syndrome while trying to set this up and constantly questioning whether I would be a net positive in this space. I hope I will. Part of shipping was to try to cultivate the relationships to do that learning and bring in resources to fund folks to do that learning, and work, full time. If you have resources that could help me ramp up, I would really appreciate them, and could use mentorship if you know of anyone. On nights and weekends, I've been sitting through days of senate hearing recordings and reading hundreds of pages of court documents over the past few weeks. I do feel that is helping, but there are definitely "meta" parts of this field I'm missing (like legal research).

I also feel policy work is different than influencing elections. Part of what we benefit from, as voters, is having representatives handle some of this policy work. When you listen to the first Senate Intelligence Committee hearing after the 2013 leaks, it's clear they are out of touch with who they are representing. When it comes to the Presidential Surveillance Program, that committee knew about it and oversaw it. They were actively involved in keeping evidence out of the courts, preventing citizens doing the policy work necessary to hold them accountable. I don't fully understand how professionals do this, but I do get the feeling these senators had a non-negligible impact on making that surveillance program a reality. Only one senator put truth to power during that hearing, everyone else defended the program and focused on "restricting access" to the database and improving reporting. Many of those senators are still sitting in their seats. An underlying goal of this project is to rally the voting population against the current representatives. I want to understand and be involved in the policy to apply that pressure correctly, but at the end of the day I want our representatives to be driving that policy change. We apply pressure to them, through a downward pressure during their election cycle, to guide them towards doing right by their citizens.
Most autoformatters are under active development, and updates to them often causes changes in their behaviour. So you have to have all devs agree on the precise version of the formatter used, and even then you still need to do regular commits that contain nothing but a run of the newest version of the formatter on the codebase, which sadly destroys long term git blame.
And it's not just the comments. Here, topics like this are flagged and removed from the front page. There, stories like this are purposefully added by a team of moderators.
> It's kinda mean to do that though - if that is the case then they're deliberately holding back the web

Kind of like the way they refuse to support open formats like WebGL2, glTF, webP, various compressed GPU texture formats and probably lots more I'm not aware of.

Apple devs always answer "we're working on it" when pressed on these issues. But after several years of seeing the same half-hearted answers these assurances start to ring hollow.
Just to chime in here. To be clear, I think dropping a vdom implementation into a page is a good middle ground between full blown “framework” and “roll your own js”. I’m not familiar with vue, but I’ve used React (a library!) to great effect on pages that require that extra bump of behavior.

It’s such a shame that many of these tools are pushed as large SPA solutions when they can just as easily be included ad-hoc over a CDN when necessary.

* And I agree that it’s just madness to wire up your own components once the use case becomes anything more than the most trivial behaviors.
Indeed, it is entirely possible that Apple is charging too much in some cases and reducing the quantity of interesting apps that might otherwise be built.
The amount of exit nodes would be insane. And I don’t think Mozilla would want the liability of running them.
I've been using JSON Schema to define shared data structures like request/response data, and QuickType to generate Go structs (back-end) and Typescript interfaces (front-end), it's been great so far.
> those stores will be owned by Google and Amazon

and Valve, and Epic, and itch.io, and...
I would love to talk to you about it. This list has given me a lot of things to think about.

If you would be interested in talking, drop a line to staff@everytwoyears.org <3
First of all, the jurisdiction of the US justice department means you need to look at the percentage market of smart phones in the US - not globally and not on non-smart phones.

But more importantly - It is no different that when Microsoft tied Internet Explorer to Windows. They didn't have a monopoly either - and you don't need one to run foul of anti-trust laws.

To break the law, you simply need to use your position to put anti-competitive pressure on your competitors, exactly by pressuring and tying products together like Apple has done.

The only reason phone manufacturers have forced users to their app store is exactly to create a little monopoly on their platform.
Somewhat confused why Superhuman doesn't seem to have this problem yet Hey does? They're both email clients that have monthly billing, yes?

Superhuman doesn't let you sign up for an account (you just sign in with Gmail), so maybe that's a difference?
A mafia can be crystal clear what their fee for 'protection' is.

We have a legislative branch of government that has ruled 'protection' fees illegal.

You and many others seem to be failing to grasp this point - just because you write something down and call it terms of use, does not mean those terms of use will not or cannot be overruled by the legislative branch of government.

They can be overruled and many people feel like they should be overruled in this specific instance.
Not defending apple, I value having the choice personally.

From Apple's perceptive allowing one vendor and not another is going to difficult, next vendor may not be as trustworthy as 37Signals, it is considerably easier to say no other system than theirs. They have never traditionally encouraged ecosystems unless they have been forced to.

I am not saying it is right, but it is consistent with their product philosophy.

Same reason they absorb features from apps into the OS itself, it sucks for the developer, but it benefits the user. For example having the flash light as OS feature than an app is considerably safer, better experience.
It's not idiomatic to force a specific type like that even so. Idiomatic code would accept any type that has the same operations (and their semantics) as int.
Isn’t the play store famously full of malware?
Perhaps if we taxed like 1955 we might build like 1955, eh?
> I can't believe that taking out the asphalt, replacing it with concrete, and then adding lighting and plants should cost that much.

Was it bid out? Did you put in a bid?
This area of research and application is fascinating and, as the article alludes, will only become more important in the coming decades.

I also read a related story[0] recently that others may find of interest: A hobbyist was able to track down a satellite whose EOL was supposed to be in _1972_ by using a beefed up HAM radio to scour the sky for its RF.

[0] - https://www.npr.org/2020/04/24/843493304/long-lost-u-s-milit...
Show HN: Benchmarking several dynamic languages on array-heavy code
> What is the motivation behind this announcement?

Justifying spending millions of dollars on more bureaucracy .
There really needs to be mandatory insurance for GEO satellites. If your satellite fails to reach the graveyard orbit, the insurance pays the towing fees.
SAR still uses waveguide arrays. My advisor did a lot with SAR in the 60’s, of course it was all analog and optical processing, but you could still get a real-time image to strips of film.
I’ve only seen a couple of repos like this, but I’ve seen enough to agree that this is totally the right answer.

To people who doubt it, keep in mind that 10 years is a very very long time. Rust is not yet 10, Go is just barely 10. React is 7 and jQuery is 13. Cloudflare is 10, Stripe is 10, Hashicorp is 8 and Docker is 7.
The realization that this permits end-to-end fullstack type safety and allows some awesome things (like surfacing breakage at compile time in response to changes to the data model) is a quietly brewing revolution.
I guess it depends on what you’re trying to accomplish (I’ve worked heavily with both R and Python).

If you’re trying to create ETL pipelines that integrate with BigQuery, Mongo, or whatever other database, I think it’s fair to say that the Python packages are generally better documented than their R counterparts.

For most other things, IMO it’s hard to really separate the two languages. Is standing up a Flask API really easier than in plumber?

For dashboarding, it’s is as quick (if not much quicker) to create a decent prototype with Shiny vs Plotly Dash or bokeh.

For simple linear and logistic model training, R’s built-in stats package has much more interpretable outputs vs sklearn, and directly inspired statsmodel. Wes McKinney has acknowledged that pandas draws heavily from R’s native dataframe. And so on and so on.

EDIT:

Also forgot to mention that with R packages like reticulate, you can also directly run Python code within an R environment now. So if there happens to be some Python package that doesn’t have an R equivalent, you can still work in R (though I’ve found the opposite situation to be far more common).
As an Australian, what sort of life have you lived where you don't think we have roads like Pine St? Have you ever left a CBD?
$10/y seems ridiculously cheap. Too cheap. I'd be worried they may go out of business.
IMHO these conveniences should just be in the language. List comprehensions, dictionary comprehensions, and short-hand for literals are the kind of syntactic sugar that have almost no downsides, save you some RSI, and make code more readable. I'm surprised comprehensions in particular haven't spread to more modern languages.
The only time I see any HDPI issues on Win10 is when running ancient apps. It certainly works great in VSCode.

I'm not sure what you mean by "nice text rendering" - are you referring to ClearType vs macOS anti-aliasing? If so, that doesn't really come up for HDPI, because you can't see the artifacts either way.
I have been rather miffed that the lack of corporate branding/identity for Linux at the time when Macintosh decided to "distinguish" itself now means that GNU/Linux machines are apparently not "personal computers" anymore.

But if PC = IBM PC, and those basically always came with Microsoft software, I guess history supports that interpretation.
Clearly Apple benefits from it too and it's mutually beneficial for Apple, developers, and users. But it's not without cost to Apple. I'm not sure how much Apple pays their app reviewers but I suspect it could easily cost more than $99 for a single review of a non-trivial app. And it's the app reviews that creates a marketplace where the users feel safe in trying and buying apps without worry of malware or complicated cancellations of subscriptions. They also make it really easy to delete apps which is pretty nice.

I think if anything the pricing structure benefits small independent developers over the bigger players.
Get More Out of Your Annotated Medical Images with Self-Supervised Learning
ReSharper's formatter is pretty good, but you do have to pay to use it in the VS IDE and it's kind of slow. The service I'm working on at present is fairly small (20k LOC) and formatting the entire solution takes about 5 minutes in the IDE or 30 minutes in CI. :/
These analogies are just all super bad. For all intents and purposes, you can have one of two mobile OSes: Android or iOS. Apple (and Google, to a lesser but still severe extent) work pretty hard to control the kind of software you can use on their OSes. It's like you can have one of two kinds of shelves, and Apple/Google tell you exactly what your book options are, but without the books the shelves just take up space uselessly.

This is why the app store isn't a grocery store, or a big box store, or whatever else. And it's why, if you're an author, you'd rightly be pissed that the shelf maker, who has a monopoly on shelves and is the most profitable company in history, is saying they're taking a 30% cut of your book sales if you want them to go on a shelf.

You're essentially saying, "well feel free to not make a mobile app". That's a ridiculous position in 2020.
A little over 20 years.
I use markdown on HN, partially out of protest, partially because it looks fine enough when rendered as plain text (by design).
I'm not sure if you've been reading up on the latest news - but both Russia and the US have been developing and deploying hypersonic nuclear armed missiles. ...capable of circumventing any ABM platforms and delivering precision low-yield nuclear weapons without early warning detection anywhere in the world.

They're totally removing the need for ballistic missiles. These are armageddon weapons because they can be launched without detection, delivered across the world in tens of minutes, and target enemy nuclear silos before they can even launch.

It reminds me of the Hunt For Red October. They're made to start a war.
It would be very hard and very expensive to build a space colony that was self-sufficient, instead of requiring constant supplies from Earth. In fact, it would be very hard and very expensive to build a self-sufficient society on Earth which was up-to-date with modern technology. The range of products and materials required is vast, and the manufacturing of certain state-of-the-art products, such as the most advanced integrated circuits, has been centralized in only a few locations.

It would probably also require a change of culture, away from treating information as property and/or trade secrets in favour of open-hardware with shared designs. Designs would be shared and manufacturing decentralised, to improve robustness.
It's probably because web devs have experienced years of pain due to MS holding back the web platform. They've made some positive changes recently but it'll take them a lot more to atone for past mistakes.
Helicopter moves ‘Into the Wild’ bus that lured Alaska travelers to their deaths
still low-key mad at them for shutting down google+ and besides it did some of what this pinterest clone is doing...
Oath! I didn't want to assume where they were from, but it's definitely not Australia haha. Canadians go alright, but they're dangerously close to USA
Maybe https://wiby.me/ ? I love surfing this on my free time.
I got it from public defenders and they seem pretty authentic about having come to this conclusion from first hand experience in the justice system.
Some names + Twitter handles: Ben Watts (http://twitter.com/benwattsdesign),
Simon Holmedal (http://twitter.com/Sholmedal), Serjan Burlak (http://twitter.com/biogenicdesign), Rohan Dalvi (http://twitter.com/RohanCreates), Tim van Helsdingen (http://twitter.com/TvanHelsdingen)
Coin Flip Decides Material’s Fate
Fastmail does support the CalDAV standard, but calendly does not: https://help.calendly.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/245299227...

That’s entirely calendly’s fault.
> If there was something like Lead Poisoning going around, information spreads so quickly we'd know about it.

The first infection with HIV-1 subgroup M is presumed to have happened in the 1920s yet it took decades until the 1981 Pneumocystis Pneumonia article in MMWR. Only then people really started looking and discovered that the virus had been circulating for decades.

HIV has an extremely long period where it slowly destroys your immune system but you personally feel mostly fine. Only years later you develop AIDS and then die from an opportunistic infection. Diseases with such long incubation periods are extremely hard to identify and it's even harder to identify their cause. We still don't know the cause for Alzheimer's disease for example.

It's entirely possible that some aspects of a technology we use today causes such a disease but we'll only discover it 20 years down the line. Admittedly it's hard to test for such effects.
It doesn't need to be expensive at all. Perboiled rice is cheap and lasts literally 15 years. Canned food can last years. ...and if you're eating food, you can naturally rotate out what you have in the basement.
"Sandbox Escape" sounded like something fun but alas
This is lovely. I'm impressed that they can choose to live in Israel and receive a pension if they so desire. That's a solid reward.
"One limitation of this system as it currently exists seems to be that you need a working i386 NetBSD host to build the filesystem."

One does not need a NetBSD host. This is not the most time/space efficient method I can think of, but it's the easiest to explain...

On Linux host:

1. Download

for x in gnusrc sharesrc syssrc src;do ftp ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-9.0/source/sets/$x.tgz&& tar xzf $x -C /;done

2. Compile toolchain

mkdir /usr/obj

PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin ./build.sh -m i386 tools

3. Make filesystem

Using makefs instead of vnconfig + mount + newfs has the advantage that makefs is part of the toolchain while vnconfig is not

makefs root.img fakecracker
The "simple" solution to this is diverse decoding-encoding. In two VMs you install two different implementations of a video transcoder. In one VM with one implementation, you decode the video, and in the other VM in a different implementation, you re-encode the decoded video.

To succeed, the vulnerability would have to work against two different software implementations of a decoder and an encoder, and predict which ones you'd use. For extra effect you could randomize what you use each time. Attacker would have to infect a whole lot of videos to finally hit on the one that you decode-encode in the right combination using an incredibly complex vulnerability.

Nobody in their right mind would ever develop this vuln, just like nobody in their right mind would implement this defense :-)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Alamo. particularly the parts about the A/B testing on steroid.
Canned foods can last a decade. It's not like you're throwing out the entire store every year. Perboiled rice lasts 15-20 YEARS if kept dry.
Xcode is free without the dev fee. And a years worth of app reviews for an active developer costs a lot more than $99.
No, I have no purpose for it, but I'm in my 40s. Twitter and Facebook are the only social media platforms I use.

To say snapchat has no basis in trading porn is to say that pornhub could relaunch itself tomorrow and say "oh sorry we're just a youtube knockoff now, we're not in the adult industry."

Well, it would still say pornhub in the URL, wouldn't it. And it would still be a site whose entire userbase was built on trading porn. That's what Snapchat built and used to grow its userbase, so trying to re-image themselves after getting the money is dubious at best.
I'm actually pretty curious to see what happens then, and don't have a great answer. Where I'm at currently is that I imagine anyone who wants a leading edge fab for geopolitical reasons will have one, but not much beyond that except the legacy cases like Samsung and TSMC. It'll still be in the ~$20B to create a fab, and for what at the end of the day? Slightly better (probably single digit) margins for what has essentially become a commodity anyways? Beyond militaries that can foot the massive bill to be assured that they're getting the chips they certified, nearly everyone else will have better options to invest in to differentiate themselves.

For instance a great question is if the EU thinks a fab is worth the effort? Probably not in today's climate, and would most likely be a sign of the end of US geopolitical domination if they do feel the need.
He also released the worst unemployment figures for years yesterday. Given the PM said this has been going on for months, its probably a nice distraction from the other possible headlines.
> But no company pays me for my commute time. If I take an extra hour commute I don't get that 15 bucks. And that commute time does not go onto GDP either. It's hard to argue the economy lost the time I was doing nothing productive.

I suppose that's true if you believe that things without a price are worth nothing.

Truly, it's a mystery why people spend time with their families and friends instead of working another job. Such a waste of time.
Windows 10 feature will fix Google Chrome’s biggest problem
Here's a pretty awesome one: https://twitter.com/qornflex/status/1195701316418490368
One simple reason these budgets get approved: Kick backs.
How to Learn Machine Learning and Deep Learning: A Guide for Software Engineers