skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Internet Archive free library to close due to copyright lawsuit
Their goal is establishing a Mars colony (1,000,000 humans). That necessitates a fully reusable rocket that can get humans to Mars and back. That means being able to enter Mars atmosphere at high speed and landing on Mars. That also means using a fuel that they can manufacture on Mars to return to Earth.

- Falcon doesn't have a reusable second stage. Starship's second stage is reusable. Starship should be more cost efficient because of this.

- Falcon doesn't have the capacity to carry enough humans and cargo to Mars. It is a trip that can take upwards of half a year. Starship can supposedly carry 100 people and 100 tons of cargo. Falcon with Crew Dragon can only carry 7 people a few days.

- Starship is designed to be able to enter Mars atmosphere. Its skin is stainless steel and some heat shielding. The stainless steel can survive much higher temperatures which means less heat shielding. Falcon is aluminum and would require more heat shielding.

- Falcon has fuel tanks for its Merlin engines that use rocket fuel (RP-1?) and oxygen. The tanks are a specific size for the burn ratios. The rocket fuel can't be readily made on Mars and its mass makes it infeasible to carry enough fuel for a return. Starship's engines (Raptor) use methane and oxygen. Methane can be readily made on Mars. Changing Falcon from Merlin to Raptor engines would mean redesigning the tanks to have different sizes.

Given all this, it makes more sense to design a new rocket than trying to redesign the existing one.
2D graphics uses coverage-based antialiasing which computes the coverage over the pixel square. https://nothings.org/gamedev/rasterize/
That pretty much explains it. Pointing out Mac+Netscape vs MS in the 90s is my simple one-liner when anyone says that $company isn't a monopoly, because $competition.
Jott – Fast, local, linked notes – free forever, until tomorrow
As an American I strongly agree with your insight, and independently arrived at it. It is an underlying cultural issue -- a lack of community spirit that is relatively widespread.

It is a universal human tendency that is strongly in effect here at the current time and place.
> your school that advertises itself as free but isn't

Tuition free, which it is.

https://www.uopeople.edu/tuition-free/what-is-tuition-free/

"UoPeople’s Tuition-Free Model is 100% real! We offer degree programs absolutely tuition-free, thanks to our generous donors who support our mission. To help support the university’s continued operation, UoPeople charges a $60 application fee, and an Assessment Fee per course completed ($100 for the undergraduate programs, and $200 for the graduate programs). That’s it. No annual enrollment fees, and no cost for course material. For those who cannot afford these fees, scholarships are available to help support their studies."

> advertises itself as accredited but isn't.

Nationally accredited, which it is. Here's what the US Department of Education says: "Accredited since (01/16/2014)"

https://ope.ed.gov/dapip/#/institution-profile/233675

> I don't consider WGU prestigious.

UC Berkeley is fairly prestigious, no?

https://www.ecampusnews.com/2016/04/22/uop-partners-with-uc-...

Sure, new account could be a shill. I understand the skepticism, but I think I've provided enough throughout my various comments here to demonstrate that I'm a student while also maintaining my privacy.

You don't have to agree, but at the very least you can stop spreading misinformation about the school.
What really surprised me is that the bicycles weren't made using 3D modelling, it looks like he used something like Photoshop to compose the images.
They haven't even decided what they're going to build Starship out of yet. Current prototypes were built of 301 Stainless Steel, they're currently switching to 304L, and they've indicated that they'll probably end up using a fully custom alloy.

But I still believe in the headline. They're building a new prototype every 2 weeks, and they currently have 3 prototypes stacked. This in an industry which usually takes years to build a single prototype. Their velocity is insane.
> If this is the sort of "growing and learning" you're talking about.

No, it's not. The key phrase is "growth mindset" [1]. That does not mean throwing away knowledge or blindly accepting the shiny new objects. I think that's where we're disconnected?

[1] https://www.brainpickings.org/2014/01/29/carol-dweck-mindset...
Thanks :) it's very limited yet compared to other file managers but will hopefully gain more features soon.
I blame the Software as a Service
model. Clearly, you should just downgrade to the old version of google docs (or whatever) that used 10% as many resources, and had a better UI.

Since you don’t get to control which version you use, teams don’t have to compete with last year’s version. Therefore their management doesn’t need to worry about extreme regressions in functionality, so they don’t take action to avoid them.

Since the service provider is the development team, you’re locked in, and won’t switch.

Usage metrics look good, management gets credit for shipping ${feature}, and gets their promotion. This happens a thousand times, and everyone wishes the irreparably broken ${megacorp} would just go out of business already.

This pattern doesn’t play out to the same extent with hardware, where people have to pay big lump sums to upgrade, and can hold on to older models / switch vendors instead.
> I often see many people show immediate solidarity with Amazon as soon as the ideas of anti-trust or monopoly are brought up. If the government is allowed to break up a large corporation then where does it stop? Will they come after my small business next?

If the govern doesn't go after Aamzon, Amazon will probably come after your small business.
Dwarf Fortress Creator Explains Its Complexity and Origins – Noclip Interview
> People just used the nice phrases sarcastically, and repeatedly.

As an avid player of rocket league, this happens. For example, if one team scores a goal, if they want to be mean they can spam "What a Save!" quick chat. Making fun of the other team for not saving the ball. The same for "Nice Shot!" when the opposing team misses, or "Great Pass!" if the other team makes a bad pass.

But it is still a decent system. People who abuse it are always gonna find ways to abuse things.
The Great CSV Showdown: Julia vs. Python vs. R
I wonder what the end game is. The police is not going to disband. People asking for that don't understand how States work. You cannot have a State without a monopoly on violence. America disbanded police once, in 2003, in a city called Baghdad. That turned out wonderfully.

I suspect they'll all just get bored at some point.
They are clamoring for their slowness though; they just don't know that the reason for being slow and heavy is that they're a web browser running a web page.
> A better remedy for eye strain would be to enable night light on your operating system, which will reduce the your screen’s blue light output.

When I got my current Android phone (a year and a half ago), I was so confused as to why my screen got a blue hue at night. After finding out what it was, I figure it would be good to leave on, and I even set it up on my Ubuntu machine. Holy cow do I depend on it now. If I look at a screen late in the day without a blue light filter, I notice a serious difference. I don't know if I've just gotten used to the blue light filter, or if it really is helpful, but I've become a dedicated fan.
Ranger is pretty nice to work with as far as TUIs are concerned -- bulk rename, N-split panes, tabs, image previews... it does a lot, and the default view is surprisingly usable to look for a file.

The only thing I miss with it is a "goto" shortcut, à la vim sneak. Ironically, Dolphin or Explorer go to a file when you start typing its name. Don't get me started on GNOME searching files.
Tech companies are fighting antitrust efforts with front groups
Obviously a pitch for yourbike.io, YC’s Winter 2021 batch. It’s one of the better BAAS ploys (Bicycles As A Service)!
> The conversion between RGB and CIELAB is almost meaningless (according to wikipedia) or perhaps there is a still a way to do that and helpful?

As I understand it, that line is really talking about coming up with formal conversions. That is, some color spaces are effectively not well-enough defined (neither in relation to reality nor to each other) to be scientifically useful.

It's like how you might say converting from length in pixels to centimeters is "meaningless" because there isn't truly a consistent physical relationship between them, but people still get plenty of use out of making such a conversion every day.

> Interesting. Perhaps this information is not available with the images? or are they.

It's rare for images to use these colorspaces or gamuts. They are complex and cumbersome, and RGB makes for a damn good "pipe wrench" of bluntness and utility. Plus very few developers are aware of how deep color science is, and assume RGB is (pretty close to) the ground truth.
Yeah, if simply asked to draw a bicycle most people are probably happy to just sketch something that represents the concept well enough to, say, work as a Pictionary clue. Would be interesting to see the results of being asked to draw as accurate a picture as possible. And not just the results, but the drawing process itself—I'd wager that having to think about it would elicit more "wait a minute, this doesn't go here after all" type realizations.
Really well done! The content looks like a great balance. I'm an engineer working a bit in data engineering, and I find the content of the book relevant to me.

I like how you explain why the methodologies of the pre-cloud era still have lessons learned to apply to today, but implementation best practices have changed thanks to the cost model of the cloud.

The section that stood out the most to me, strangely, was not anything to do with the technology or analytics stack. It was in Chapter 3 – Data Modeling Layer and Concepts where you discuss the dynamic between the CEO and the data analyst and the data. This really articulated quite well how our own dynamic functions at our current company. Even with our current data warehouse, our BI team is a bottleneck, and it is something becoming more and more apparent to me. It is my primary motivation in seeking out how best to re-architect our analytics stack.
Then you make it law that it becomes required.
> Why do they need to develop new engine for instance?

"Need" is interesting. There are two key goals with the Raptor engine. #1- Switch to Methane burning. Methane is available much more easily everywhere in the solar system- Mars especially. So we can make fuel wherever we are instead of bringing it. #2- Make it much more resilient to re-use. Those Merlin engines are great, but they need a lot of work to get them ready to go again. Lots of inspection. Raptor is a Full-flow staged combustion engine[0]. Everyday Astronaut does a great write-up (and video) on the topic[1].

> why they didn't just iterate on the Falcon design and what necessitates a "full stack" clean slate approach

Falcon is big, but it isn't huge. It's got a 3.7m diameter. Starship has a 9m diamater, almost 2 and a half times wider (meaning more than 5 times larger circumference). When you scale up that much, you're basically starting over.

This size increase also means Starship should be able to lift something like 6 times more to orbit. And because it's so huge, it won't need a booster to launch itself from Mars or the Moon.

Materials also matter. Falcon is made of carbon fiber: carbon fiber is expensive and hard to work with. It's slow. Iteration is slow. If you want to blow up 1 rocket per month in testing, that's going to get expensive and take a lot of work to make happen, especially given the larger size. Steel, on the other hand, is cheap and fast. So Starship is based on steel.

Starship is also fully reusable. Falcon 9 isn't- the second stage is expended. They looked into how they might bring those back, but it just wasn't worth the R&D effort.

When it's all done, Starship is going to be a fully-reusable system that is cheap to build, cheap/easy to operate, can be refueled easily, anywhere (like Mars), can launch itself from the Moon or Mars without a booster. It will be cheaper to launch per kg than any other launch system out there by probably an order of magnitude. It will dominate the competition and likely claim a monopoly on the private launch market until someone gets their shit together and competes.

[0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staged_combustion_cycle#Full-f...

[1]https://everydayastronaut.com/raptor-engine/
Then they don't get hired.
He had an ax to grind when he left Oracle too. There's history here.
> The point of coroutines is absolutely to make my code execute faster.

I think rather the point is to make your APPLICATION either finish in less time, or to not take MORE time when given more load.

The code runs as fast as it runs, coroutines notwithstanding.
He was saying this in the context of "why do people still use C++ at all".
Americas version of democracy is next level messed up.

Start voting for people you want in power.

Stop voting for the lesser evil.

Yes you cant always avoid it but a functioning democracy involves a forcing of ideologies to work together through multi party systems and the resulting coalitions.
Can we have this reminder posted on every ratio'd post? (Given the circumstances) things have gotten a lot more political on HN as of late (yes, my opinion, not driven by facts) and I find myself not making my daily lunch-time visit because of that.
> Seattle police chief

But what did the CCP say? What's Trump's report of on-the-ground conditions?
Don't break Amazon up. Nationalize Amazon. Use all the data they collect to make supply chains more effective/efficient, move us closer to a planned economy.
Fun fact: Amazon has argued in litigation that it would take over 5,000 hours to collect sales information on a couple of thousand products. When they want to restrict data from their own teams, they can easily. Anyone who's ever dealt with a database understands that this kind of query wouldn't take more than a couple of hours if you had access to the database. Amazon clearly built a system to limit the amount of access their legal team has, presumably to avoid having to give out significant amounts of data. If the retail team needed this data to improve their algorithms or something there's no question they'd have been able to get it without putting 5,000 man-hours into it.

https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.427726...

>As a result, I estimate that producing responsive information to Plaintiffs’ request for sales data for 5,376 ASINs from October 1, 2011 to the present will take between 5,376 and 8,064 hours of Amazon paralegal time. Assuming a 40 hour work week, based on these estimates it would take one paralegal working full time 2.5 to 3.8 years to collect just the sales data Plaintiffs are seeking from Amazon. I calculated this based on my estimate of 60-90 minutes per ASIN for 5,376 ASINs.
It's like we're watching Animal Farm play out in real time.

All animals start off equal, but some animals will eventually grow to be more equal than others.
You can test pretty much any kind of concurrent system using Jepsen: in-memory data structures, filesystems, databases, queues, APIs, services, etc. Not all the tooling is applicable to every situation, but it's pretty darn general.
We’ll be deeper into a Cold War at that point where our allies will need to make decisions about who they’re siding with.
If, at that point, there's no domestic competition, then you create a vacuum and a problem for the entire economy that depends on those Chinese companies.

See the tariffs the past couple years and their impact on US manufacturing.
Interesting

I love workplace and hate that I have to use Slack at my current gig
>guns
"There is no reason why on the street today a citizen should be carrying loaded weapons" - ronald reagan
>religion, family
There squirming to ignore trump on matters like these show how well in line the party walks that's definitely true
>low taxes
Lotsa say a, do b there
They have been very keen to push up deficits tho the focal points where they like to increase spending are different.

They're not really consistent at all but their messaging and party policing has been more strict

>What does the left stand for
>for a long time liberalism was about free speech but now we want to regulate speech with safe-spaces and trigger warnings.

it's funny watching americans sprinkling around left, liberal, etc as political terms whilst defining the weird mix that ends up under the wings of the two parties.
Some (self-proclaimed) libertarians & conservatives, protectionists & free market hardliners standing under the same republicans umbrella with radically clashing beliefs.
Free market liberals fighting with leftists who are laughing at social progressives under the umbrella of the democrats.

>Part of this probably evolves from the fact that Liberals are introspective and willing to challenge their beliefs to their own disadvantage in a way that the GOP never has been

I'd say with growing inequality and declining social mobility it's hard for the mainstream core of democrats to really push a broader platform that the party fully aligns with, differs from the republicans and rings well with their base.
They don't really roll with protectionist stances a la bernie or trump, they don't really align with unions or workers anymore as they've dropped them for an upper middle-class educated focus whilst at the same time still keeping some actual more left wing remnants under their wing that they try to suppress and retain at the same time
They have started less invasions but aren't really against global force projection at all.
They don't really clash with conservatives on stock buybacks, markets, banking, what have you whilst at the same time still pushing cushioning programs like obamacare to give at least a sense of direction there.
So when on a lot of those fronts you're not really united or notably different from the opposition what's left? Social issues. Social equality when it comes to sex, race or what have you. So pushing those makes sense.
ShellExView from Nirsoft
Maybe there needs to be a new concept of union. A police union is different from a writer’s guild.
You likely have your display's brightness set higher than it needs to because the dark mode pixels let less light into your eyes. Secondly, the initial dark-to-light switch is always jarring, and usually more jarring than switching from light to dark (which isn't always jarring, even). But that effect is temporary, and usually disappears by the next day.
> Instead, foster competition by handing out grants to competitors on the condition that they can't be sold to the Big Co for 10 years, and provide mentoring to those startups.

With what goal? More gigantic conglomerates? Or after ten years, they get rolled up into an existing one? To me, this sounds like it would make the problem worse.

What is your concern with negative reinforcement? Pretty much our entire legislation is based on the concept of fines and punishment.
Thank you for this comment that gives credit where it's due, this is a very impressive set of threads to read through.

And I agree. For me, one of the most important measures of the reliability of a system is how that system responds too information that it might be wrong. If the response is defensiveness, evasiveness, or persuasive in any way, i.e. of the "it's not that bad" variety, run for the hills. This, on the other hand is technical, validating, and prompt.

Every system has bugs, but depending on these cultural features, not every system is capable of systematically removing those bugs. With logs like these, the pg community continues to prove capable. Kudos!
Yeah except nodejs will beat flask in this same exact benchmark. Explain that.
China's 996 working hour system
I've always made it a point to stand up once an hour and walk out side for 5 minutes and come back, or go get coffee or a snack.

I started working from home in January due to the virus so my hours have gone from 10am - 6pm to 8am - 10pm. Working with lights off. Getting up less. :(
Of course. rustc has the "-C overflow-checks" flag. Cargo turns it on by default for debug builds. To turn it on for release builds, just put "overflow-checks = true" in the [profile.release] section of your Cargo.toml.

Or better yet, the Rust standard library exposes all the relevant LLVM intrinsics for the primitives, so you have the {Integer}::checked_, {Integer}::saturating_, {Integer}::wrapping_, {Integer}::overflowing_ (inlined) functions to do all your integer math in an error-free fashion.
> What if one is being laid off and the company offers them a severance package of X weeks pay for signing some papers?

That's not crazy -- they're compensating you for the inconvenience.

Whether that's a good idea or not is a different story, and would depend on how easily you could get a job, what it would pay you if/when you got it, and how much/how long the compensation would be.

In the oil industry it's not uncommon to see 1- or 2-year non-competes... with 100% compensation for the same amount of time.
Now that’s an impressive achievement: https://www.reddit.com/r/CapHillAutonomousZone/comments/h7km...

“Black lives matter” art painting in the street.

Splendid!
> Wait. So. "Multiple studies show that light mode is better" trumps my actual experience, with my eyeballs, in my office environment?

Of course. All you are measuring is how comfortable you feel, which is irrelevant. What they are measuring is how well people actually perform on tasks while using dark mode. Just because dark mode feels better to you doesn't imply anything about the latter question.
A bicycle is a complicated object that has many forgettable parts. Everyone knows that there are two wheels (bi-cycle) and that there's a triangle formed from the down tube, top tube, and seat tube. Except, the triangle has a 4th side to hold the steerer and fork (the head tube). Then there are the other details. The handlebars attach to a stem, which attaches to a steerer tube, which goes through the head tube with bearings on each side, and finally tapers at a "rake angle" to actually hold the hub of the front wheel. There is also the rear triangle that consists of the seat stays and chainstays (and the seat tube). You have to put the saddle somewhere, that's attached to a seatpost that goes inside the seat tube and is secured by clamping it in there. With all those in place, the rest is easy -- where the wheels, pedals / bottom bracket, and chain end up are all very natural.

The problem is how often the bicycle is extolled as a simple triangle with some handwaving and two wheels. Turns out all that handwaving is quite complicated. The triangle becomes a shape with 4 edges. There are actually two triangles. And there are complicated details in joining the seat and fork to the bike.

So... I don't think these people are dumb. They have been mislead by "it's just a triangle" when it's actually nothing like a triangle. The devil is in the details.
Relevant Rossman https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVAmnV65_zw
The issue with emitted light is that it can be too bright and/or be at a vastly higher brightness than ambient.

When you read a book or a newspaper the brightness naturally fits with ambient light.
It's hard on the eyes to read a book on the beach because of the brightness (same effect as a snowy landscape under the sun).

Dark modes usually lower the brightness overall and reduce the contrast with ambient light as well.