skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The generic drug industry in the US is pretty unique. Thanks to the Waxman-Hatch generic drug bill in 1984, it went from really hard to get a generic drug approved in the US (you had to start from scratch) to really easy (just prove your drug is the same and use the branded drugs data for approval).

As a result, the generic drug industry in the US is very competitive. When a blockbuster drug like Liptior goes generic, you have up to a dozen companies vying to be the first generic approved because that gets you 180 days of exclusivity (you're the only generic, you're cheaper, everyone switches to you). Typically the first generic is priced around 90% of the brand name price (most of it profit), but once other generic companies get approval (after 180 days), the price drop to 5-10% of the branded drug price. This is typically very close to the cost of manufacturing. There are also "generic substitution" laws in most states that require pharmacists to fill prescriptions with the generic. So once the patent runs out, the branded drug loses sales very fast.

As a result, the US usually has lower generic drug prices than the EU or Canada.[1] And generic drugs tend to get approval very quickly after the patent expires in the US.

However, on the flip side, because the market is so competitive, margins are razor thin. If you want to understand the generic drug market, read the book "The First Question" by Andrew Bodnar. He was convicted by the DOJ for anti-competitive practices as a VP at BMS and wrote the book as a part of his sentencing (book is on the public record). The quote that stuck with me was from Barry Sherman of Apotex (massive Canadian generic drug company). It was something along the lines of "I make zero profit off my drugs. All my profit comes from winning settlements from pharma companies".

As a result of the razor thin margins, weird things start to happen. The first is price fixing, as per this article. Nobody wants to compete on price in generic markets (though that's the only differentiator between identical drugs!) because their margins already suck. Allegedly, these companies colluded to not drop prices.

The other thing that happens is companies just say "screw it" and drop out of the market. Why not? The profit margin is near zero. This is especially true with companies selling sterile fill product (i.e. injectables). It's really freakin hard and expensive to run a sterile fill plant, so when something goes wrong, companies often just shut down the line.

What happens? Drug shortages. Prices rises.

Then what happens? Some small company realizes everyone else dropped out of the market. So they quietly get their generic approved and jack the price as high as they can. You'll see a drug that was $0.10 per tablet go to $10 per tablet. Then this attracts other competitors (or sometimes it doesn't), prices drop and the cycle starts again.

[1] Can't find exact study, but here's an FDA study comparing generic drug prices between US and Canada: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-you-drugs/study-us-gener...
Serious question - since Ohanian has publicly stated that he urged the board to replace him with black candidate, is there a possibility that could face an EEOC charge?

Perhaps this doesn’t apply, as there may not be “applicants” depending upon how their bylaws are set up - without applicants I’m not sure who would have standing.
Mike Ruppert
My guess is that they don't view facial recognition as an inherently bad thing, but they do view it as bad when wielded by bad actors (such as the current police environment).

The optimistic view is that this moratorium is to see if police departments truly do reform themselves over the next year to the point where they can be trusted to use facial recognition again. I hope a reevaluation takes place then.
This does nothing for a privacy point of view which is also a big reason for blocking ads. It's actually worse for privacy because you're now giving Google validated billing details instead of just the pseudonymous identifiers they use for tracking.

There's also no reason to give out 10 bucks to Google where only peanuts of that will go to the creators when you can split it across creators directly through Patreon or even a bulk donation once a year.
"Literally" talking behind someone's back, as you put it, is not talking behind someone's back, in the normal sense. So what's wild about calling it transparent?
The bottom line up front, I agree with. But I'm not sure why I would use giant ACTION KEYWORDS like "DECISION" or "COORD" in any of my subject lines, ever.

Why would you want to lend a cold, impersonal, robotic tone to your email?

I find it more effective to just write a concise subject in the form of a question. Include the question mark. No caps. If it hasn't been responded to, perhaps resend with "(second attempt)" at the beginning of the subject.
A dumb but serious question: what powers does a board of directors have? In terms of day to day operations, engineering, product, marketing and so on?
Although it is handy from a user's perspective to quickly get the answer they want, scraping the information off Wikipedia and packaging it slightly different has always felt like cheating to me. Seems like this behavior will be part of the inevitable anti-trust case against Google.
“ China's nonenforcement was probably a significant factor in its 2000s move from California to China.” one of the most anti-human organisation and arbitrary ruled organisation is the best to develop software because it is free. Are you joking.

You need to be free as a person for free software to be meaningful. Imagine gnu operate in china and run Software in campus (eg https://www.gnu.org/education/teaching-my-mit-classes-with-o...). Imagine ...
Talented singers - that's debatable.
Yeah it was way too similar to RedTube, a porn site.
Ask HN: What are the best non-tech YouTube channels you follow?
I'm trying to figure out why he's even being labeled a "hacker". It sounds like he installed a bot onto a system he already had access to as a security guard then used it to packet other kiddies. I don't see anything about remote exploits, or even breaking into a system - this is the epitome of script kiddie.

I get talking yourself up and hustling to make money, but it feels like a stretch to call this guy a hacker.
This seems like a demotion. Nothing to celebrate. Reddit is cesspool of bots, disinformation. I find 4chan more civil and interesting.

This gentleman would have been better off turning them down.
A new, open-source IoT Stack: CroMFlaG2
Adblockers broke EasyJets navigation on their website, I think they have since fixed it.
Genuine question: why?

I completely understand acquisitions that create value by providing economies of scale, monopoly power or network benefits, or diversify or complement a company's activities.

But for a European market leader to buy an American market leader in what is ultimately an extremely local business... I see no real added benefit here.

Few further economies of scale when you're already at continent-size for an ultimately "local" business, no monopoly or network benefits, and zero diversification.

If this were manufacturing or retail then benefits are pretty obvious.

But in this case, what am I missing? How on earth does this justify a 27 percent premium on GrubHub? It is purely a strategic defensive move to prevent Uber from buying it, and nothing more?
That's exactly what they're doing?

But Amazon can only control its own offerings. It can't control what any other company that offers facial recognition does, and they probably know that as soon as AWS steps back, some other AI company with less ethics (or cynically, less care of public pushback) will swoop in without hesitation. The only way to stop that is regulations.
In 2019, there were only 13 PhDs in CS granted to African Americans in the U.S. [pdf]
note this worked on all the previous models of the pi. It just wasn't ready for the pi 4 when it shipped.
You could say that to any "first X to become/do Y"
Read the article again, you’re reversing what’s happening... Alexis isn’t joining YC/HN’s board, he stepped down from Reddit and is being replaced by Michael Seibel. Michael is YC’s current CEO.
For some reason, China periodically bans and unbans websites before banning it completely. Reddit is one example of this. It looks like Zoom is moving away from the Chinese market altogether:

https://technode.com/2020/05/15/zoom-suspends-chinese-indivi...
> and letting private companies suppress speech, which is what happens in America.

Considering that private companies are now becoming more powerful than many governments/countries, maybe this is something we should take another look at.

> When the government does it, you can't express that idea anywhere.

Can't you argue that you can always move to another country, just like you can use another company?

> When private companies do it, you can still express those ideas somewhere else.

Depends on the private company and its scale/monopolistic position.
That being said please make Reddit more like HN. I deleted my Reddit account years ago. In the cases where it wasn’t a doomed echo chamber vortex it was stupid framework trend of the moment, which isn’t interesting when your primary concerns are technology and programming.
Invidious (https://github.com/omarroth/invidious) is a server-side proxy for YouTube that removes all the bullshit (ads, background play restrictions, etc) while requiring no client-side support (so no need for side loading and will work on iOS).

There is a hosted instance at https://invidio.us if you want to check it out, but for continuous usage I highly recommend deploying your own as it's much faster.
Estimates vary. This study [1] calls for ~1,700 TWh of storage globally (and proposes that synthetic methane be used for that storage, but this requires a way of separating and storing carbon dioxide out of gas turbine exhaust which doesn't yet exist). This study [2] calls for 3 weeks energy usage to reach 100% renewable energy consumption. A compromise of only 80% renewables would only require 12 hours. But that still leaves 20% unaccounted for. And even this more modest figure is still massive compared to what batteries can deliver. My numbers above weren't correct. The US consumes 4,000 TWh of energy annually [3] which works out to 11 TWh daily not 4TWh. half of that would be 5.5TWh, which is still more than 18 times the current global lithium ion battery production.

Declining cost of solar does nothing if there's no way to store that energy. Daytime energy use is already saturated in many markets. This a big reason why German emissions have remained mostly flat for the last 5 years despite substantial increases to solar power.

Energy isn't just a matter of installing X watt-hours of capacity. It's about delivering energy when it's needed where it's needed. Heat engines are the only way we know how to do this reliably (hydro and geothermal too, but those lose out on the "where" part). That's why the only country that have successfully gotten their electricity generation to mostly non-carbon sources without geographically dependent sources is France. They use heat engines, but with a non-carbon source of heat (nuclear energy).

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187661021...

2. https://pv-magazine-usa.com/2018/03/01/12-hours-energy-stora...

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States#Co...
I struggle to see any successful path for reddit that doesn’t devolve into being more like Facebook. Godspeed to the new CEO and I look forward to hearing their vision for the company.
Ethnicity stats can be seen at page 6.
They’re upset that it’s the default, not that the option doesn’t exist.
This could also be an excellent move if they're planning to expand RPAN into a proper streaming platform. There's definitely potential for it.
> do you have a PowerBook or iBook?

I have this intel based macbook: https://everymac.com/systems/apple/macbook/specs/macbook-cor...

> IIRC the Classic Environment was never supported on Intel, even in Tiger on Intel.

Nikon Scan software for MacOS will only work with MacOS that has classic environment support. I don't know all of the specifics but I can tell you that my efforts to run the software on newer versions of the OS (10.6 and up) were met with errors stating the app required classic environment.

> Also, have you tried VueScan?

Yes, I appreciate the work the software developers have done to continue supporting old scanners. I'd rather not pay for closed source software to support my scanner at the moment when I can use the software that was part of the package Nikon originally provided as part of the purchase price of the scanner. I might change my mind if the price was more appealing for the version of VueScan required to unlocked support for dedicated film scanners. I could see myself paying $20-$30 but probably not $100 when I have the option to pay nothing.
There probably aren't many sawyers on iPhone, but still I'm curious... at this point in time, why not just a PWA for something like this? Even if the other advantages are controversial, with a PWA you can use the same app on a desktop that you use on a phone.
I also wrote a lot of code in PHP back in the day - although less than you, it sounds like.

I started using PHP just before PHP 5 came around. And let me tell you - working with legacy code that used magic quotes or auto-globals is the reason I'm a die-hard strong type programmer today.

On the other hand, PHP didn't get in the way. It gave you a simple way to map a URL to a piece of code, and then let you respond to the request however you wanted - without "middleware" and "routers" - or "servlets". I sometimes miss that.
I put it in HN's second-chance pool (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11662380) after inviting maherdeeb to expand his comment. HN readers like stories about real-world businesses, and like hearing about places that run on old technology and could benefit from software. The family business angle is interesting, and it doesn't get much more real-world than selling wood. Also, Show HN is a great place to share one's work, including as a beginner, and the community here likes providing advice and mentorship to people who are learning. (Edit: for a fine example see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23484429 in this thread.)

When we put a submission in the second-chance pool, it gets a random placement on the front page. If we guess wrong about what people will find interesting, it soon falls off. This one has gotten quite a few upvotes already, though, so my guess is that I guessed right, at least for some! If you don't think it's interesting, that's fine—nothing interests everyone—but please don't post unsubstantive comments about it, especially not in Show HN threads. Those have special rules (https://news.ycombinator.com/showhn.html), because sharing one's work on the internet puts a person in a vulnerable position.

Instead, simply look at some of the other things there are to read here. If you run out, I recommend the 'past' link in the top bar. It will take you back to the major threads of recent, and not so recent, days.

Edit: there's actually another reason why this is interesting: it's unpredictable. The best things on HN are the ones that you can't predict from any existing sequence (https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...). I'd say "my family has a business selling wood products which still operates on hand-written invoices, and I decided to learn Android programming by writing some software to try to help with that" is on the one hand a classic HN story, yet on the other hand has elements that are quite uncorrelated. A good mix of familiar and unfamiliar makes for a satisfying HN story.
search is hard but ranking is harder
This story is not yet over. There’s a decent chance that Doordash or Uber will make a bid.
They are, but daylight saving time means that from April to October the time difference is 5 hours (NZT: +12, PDT: -7) and otherwise it's 3 hours (NZDT +13, PST -8). With a few weeks of a 4 hour difference at the edges since the daylight saving boundaries don't precisely align.
* They may expect to achieve efficiencies with the business that will throw off more profit.

* They may be protecting their own territory from grubhub's eventual entry.

* They may simply have extra cash (or stock purchasing power) and want to use it to secure greater future cash flows rather than just sit on it.

* They may feel more able to enter other markets via grubhub than their own brand/company.

etc.

Edit: Also, acquisition premia reflect benefits that derive from taking a business business private, including control over the timing of dividends, no worries about control/governance, a larger-than-expected reduction in hard costs of compliance, and other factors, in addition to some of the benefits I mentioned above.
It's for group calls. Jitsi worked fine one-on-one but as soon as a third person joined it became unusable.
"The end game of the race has already been reached."

I still think there's a lot farther it could still go. The fact that ads can mostly be blocked by using domain filters suggests that the "bad guys" aren't really trying yet.

I prefer the internet of today to one where all content is DRM locked.
It sounds like a lot of them have, but most still need to be configured. The commit-graph [1] is the biggest internal part of those optimizations and I believe core.commitGraph is still defaulted to off (and probably is more overhead than necessary for small to medium repositories).

[1] https://git-scm.com/docs/commit-graph
Children are more of a luxury dining experience.

Yes, we can tell sarcasm without listening to verbal inflection.
> Reddit is a lot more open and puts a higher value on free speech

I disagree in the strongest possible terms. So much of Reddit is a populist echo chamber, which is the opposite of free speech.
Anyone that remotely thinks that is an idiot. Michael is a fucking force of nature and one of the most impressive people you will ever meet. Seriously, if that thought ever comes up in your presence attack it head on because the person expressing it needs a big fucking gut check.

Honestly, even you saying this is BS.
Both link are the same
Ah missed the last bit, because I was going to complement you on how gorgeous it looked; kept in great shape!
There's a big privacy issue with that as it involves giving out validated billing details to Google which is much worse than the pseudonymous identifiers they otherwise use for tracking.
My understanding is that the main benefit is that YC firms are able to make “...is hiring” posts and have them appear on the front page, but I could be wrong.
Absolutely, don't be ridiculous. Google is not and will never be complicit to Chinese censorship in America.
This is classic whataboutism and we don't benefit from such hyperbole.
(you can also select all checks in the advanced option)
You see, this is argumentative red herring. I could do the same for the other side (maybe not the "politics" point, but honestly i don't think this is even a point...). You should do the same work against what you think, you will be less polarized.

BTW: `Do not try to distract from the core message by talking about looting or rioting.`

I'm pro-protest every time there is one, even dumb ones like Civitas or others. Riots and looting and what's destroyed are the most interesting thing to understand.
Yellow vest in France destroyed expensive and electric cars, bus stops, Velib stations. Anti-capitalists Black blocs destroyed Mcdonald's and banks. BLM destroyed small stores, community infrastructure... This is saying a lot about how they see themselves and who they're against. Do you think the same?
Great success for all of us seibel's out there! There are dozens of us!
It depends on how the board is set up, but generally they don't deal with day-to-day things. They're mainly concerned with the big picture of how the company is doing, and directly deal with things like hiring/firing/compensating executives, M&A, etc.
Are there any tablets that have open drivers for GPU and touchscreen? Problem with blobs is that such tablets are forever stuck with ancient kernels.
The board of a directors does not get involved with day to day operations.

The board of directors sets the strategy for the firm.

That is because the board of directors has the authority to hire/fire company management.

Board of directors != Advisory board.
Uber did make a bid, and these two signed an agreement. This is in the first paragraph of the article ;)
Because what makes the front page is determined by how much the people have seen it have liked to see it, and enough people have liked to see this on HN in a short enough period of time.

Almost everything is 'on-topic' if we decide it's interesting, and that's why HN is my #1 visited site by a long stretch.
The fact that so many are using monorepos points to a weakness in revision control and dependency management tools. This is a big gap where someone will invent Git’s replacement. What features will it need to replace Git?
Absolutely spot on! It's the same case with the Unity UI system as well. They seem to have stopped adding features to the existing UI system for over a year now since it's deprecated. However the replacement UIElements (the runtime version) is not expected to be ready until later this year.

Their behaviour is puzzling IMO. They treat their developer base like an in-house team for which they can change tech direction at will. They seem to think that they can simply tell their huge developer base to switch to the new tech and everyone will just do it overnight. There are tons of reasons why that's simply not possible.
Just because Ohanian asked doesn't mean they had to do it. One can therefore conclude that they still chose a suitable candidate and would have chosen a differently colored candidate could they not find a suitable black candidate.
Very little in terms of day-to-day, unless a board director decides to make it his/her mission to change something at that very low level. The board meets typically quarterly (monthly depending on the circumstances?) and is generally focused on higher level questions like the company's growth trajectory and forecasts, major problems, compensation strategy, hiring key executives, fundraising, M&A, etc.

Like I mentioned, any board member can decide to make an issue out of something, but you would expect a very legitimate reason to waste the other board members' or executives' time with a nit about a specific product feature or marketing campaign. Not to mention, a board member that meddles too much in the daily affairs of the company would draw scrutiny from both the CEO and other board members for not focusing on important strategic topics.
That’s not about Michael, we both agree on his outstanding qualifications and on the fact that he fully deserved the job.

That’s about hirings based (also) on skin color rather than merit alone.
Is Google breaking the "Attribution" requirement of CC-BY-SA?

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights
I doubt it. Anyone with the slightest knowledge about Seibel knows that he is super competent. What Reddit will judge him on will be what they perceive as hypocritical policy making; loss of subreddit and user power; and the lack of transparency.
Obama? How would that even work? Bush saying hey guys, I believe we should...

He got there on merit.
I would really appreciate an explanation for this:

(1) why does this get created

(2) why it's not deleteable.
Would you be willing to expound more on bufferbloat? I had never heard of it.
The iPad Pro + Magic Keyboard is incredible. If you can get past the astronomical cost, it’s so worth it.

The biggest difference is that the Magic Keyboard never fails. Not like it works 95% of the time or even 99% of the time. 100% of the time it types when you expect it to, connects when you want it to, disconnects easily, doesn’t double inputs or skip inputs. There’s nothing I would change about it.