skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Police kill about 1,000 people each year and that has not declined. Source:

https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/polic...

As well:

- According to the most recent census data, there are nearly 160 million more white people in America than there are black people. White people make up roughly 62 percent of the U.S. population but only about 49 percent of those who are killed by police officers. African Americans, however, account for 24 percent of those fatally shot and killed by the police despite being just 13 percent of the U.S. population. As The Post noted in a new analysis published last week, that means black Americans are 2.5 times as likely as white Americans to be shot and killed by police officers.

- U.S. police officers have shot and killed the exact same number of unarmed white people as they have unarmed black people: 50 each. But because the white population is approximately five times larger than the black population, that means unarmed black Americans were five times as likely as unarmed white Americans to be shot and killed by a police officer.

- When considering shootings confined within a single race, a black person shot and killed by police is more likely to have been unarmed than a white person. About 13 percent of all black people who have been fatally shot by police since January 2015 were unarmed, compared with 7 percent of all white people.

- Police reform advocates and researchers as well at The Post’s own analysis has consistently concluded that there is no correlation between violent crime and who is killed by police officers.

- A 2015 study by a University of California at Davis researcher concluded there was “no relationship” between crime rates by race and racial bias in police killings. A report released last week by the Center for Policing Equity, which reviewed arrest and use-of-force data from 12 police departments, concluded that black residents were more often targeted for use of police force than white residents, even when adjusting for whether the person was a violent criminal.
- An independent analysis of The Post’s data conducted by a team of criminal-justice researchers concluded that, when factoring in threat level, black Americans who are fatally shot by police are no more likely to be posing an imminent lethal threat to the officers at the moment they are killed than white Americans fatally shot by police.

- “The only thing that was significant in predicting whether someone shot and killed by police was unarmed was whether or not they were black,” said Justin Nix, a criminal-justice researcher at the University of Louisville and one of the report’s authors, said in April. “Crime variables did not matter in terms of predicting whether the person killed was unarmed. This just bolsters our confidence that there is some sort of implicit bias going on. Officers are perceiving a greater threat when encountered by unarmed black citizens.”
Blacks are shot and killed by police at 2.5 times the rate of whites.

Source:

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/07/1...
The comment you're replying to made no claims about "racial bias in police violence". There are actually two independent problems here: unaccountable police and institutional racism. Even if you're not personally concerned with the racism, you should at least be concerned about the unaccountability. Everyone can be murdered.
> The restaurants are barely trying to compete for customers.

That's a pretty broad brush you're using. All the restaurants in my area that I frequent don't need any help. I've ordered from them all over the phone or online through their website and haven't run into a problem that some SV 3rd party would have or could have solved. Any "improvements in experience" by yelp/grubhub is pure grift.
> This is wrong ! Plain and simple. $6.42 is probably more than the cost of the coffee.

While I think they shouldn't be charging nearly that much, that's a misleading way to look at it.

The charge is based on the average. When you step back and look at the entire month, it's going to be some negotiated percent of the total. For some orders it will be way under, and for some it will be way over, but it will balance out.

When you order just a coffee it drags down the average. Then, example numbers, the fee next month might be 3 cents lower across 200 orders. This saves $6, making the net fee $0.42
Yeah for this reason I always try to just go the company's website and call them. some redirect me to chownow, which is ok, as long as I know that you'd rather let them handle the order instead of the phone.
Ok, between this one and https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23395852, wikipedia submissions to HN have jumped the shark and we need to go back to penalizing them on HN. Generic repetition of the hottest topics is the opposite of what makes a good HN submission.

Other recent posts about Wikipedia on HN:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23249978

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23117614

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23239405

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22990237

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23089041

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23274898
Enjoy your youth! Now!
The psychology for police brutality lately seems to be pretty simple.

1.) Accuse someone of acting inappropriately, and use "corrective force". If that action is real or not, is irrelevant.

2.) Should your victim react negatively then accuse the victim of resisting. Once the accusation is made, more than likely everyone begins to believe this narrative as the truth.

3.) Once the victim and other bystanders begin to react negatively treat them as hostile targets. These hostile civilians are now rioters.

4.) You have justification to violently shut down the riot. Now that protestors are acting with hostility they are no longer peacefully protesting. They are now rioting.

5.) Ruthlessly use force to ensure that all rioters are apprehended and shut down without question.

6.) Congratulate yourselves for shutting down a riot.
How would you get data on police violence? Do you think it would willingly be given by the police who time again cover it up?

There is however plenty of data on.

1. Racial bias when it comes to “stop and frisk” policies.

2. Racial bias in traffic stops that result in tickets vs. warnings.

3. Racial bias in sentencing

4. There was even a Supreme Court case where prosecutors but a B by Black jurors to exclude them from the jury because they wanted an all white juror.

If the justice system is that bias in ways that we can collect data, why would you think there wouldn’t be any bias in ways that we can’t?
Awesome idea - can I ask how broadly how it works? I would have thought pricing up a specific order on multiple apps programmatically would be difficult considering all the bot restrictions and coupons they have in place
This isn't true. Each year about 25% of people killed by cops in the US are Black, while Black people only make up 13% of the US population. The amount of people cops have killed has not decreased, at has stayed steady at about 1,100 for six years[1][2][3].

In addition to that, 20% of the people cops shoot at are unarmed[4][5].

[1] http://useofforceproject.org/

[2] https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/national/police...

[3] https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2015/jun/...

[4] https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/xwvv3a/shot-by-cops

[5] https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/a3jjpa/nonfatal-police-s...
sounds perfect for state sponsored troll armies, who have way more money/btc/eth than any of us.
Murder is a subset of violence....
What is a simple tool to produce ASTs from code? Can it work cross-language?
Police just enforce laws.
Strongly disagree.

"Use of force" policies are how we got into this mess. Essentially it is the honor code, where police can change it on a whim without oversight or public accountability, and when they're violated there's no clear framework.

We should completely scrap "use of force" policies and create use of force LAWS, with special prosecutors and civilian oversight. Police shouldn't be policing each other. In fact police should be members of the public with limited additional powers, or "police are the public and that the public are the police" as Peel said.

Doubling down on a toxic idea is wrongheaded.
The consensus part of 'Proof of Stake' systems is crazy complicated, and there really has been no simple way of doing it determined yet. It's still very much an experiment.

Proof of work on the other hand is an order or magnitude simpler, and has worked for the past 10 years and is pretty battle hardened at this point with everyone trying to attack it. I don't know how well the 'consensus nodes' would fair under the same pressure.
This actually sounds low, from the other sources I was seeing. At one point, I could have sworn it was about half.

At any rate, this is shocking in how skewed it is. Not clear what the takeaway is. That we need a better story for an immunity later between at risk groups?

I'm still not sure, either, how this squares with the current mask story. Nursing homes bad at cleaning and isolation of sick individuals? Feels off. But not shockingly so. Regardless, hard to see how people in a mask at the grocery are somehow preventing people in long term care from getting it, at large.

Edit:. I say all of that as someone that is wearing a mask nowadays.
That happens in Europe too. Homosexuality was legalised in Ireland as the result of a decision by the ECHR, for instance. Irish people also got the right to travel for an abortion via the Supreme Court (though legalisation of abortion in Ireland was via referendum).

I don’t think it’s possible to have a democracy where the courts can’t change things in this way; the law never covers everything.
> a company that prides itself on individuals' privacy

> I know that Apple needs to defend itself but

This doesn't seem any different than Apple using Find My Phone on the phones that they still own.
Where did the author commit to a certain standard? Maybe the author knows all of this but isn't -Wpedantic. Please don't jump to conclusions and assume worst.
Fear of patents and lawsuits has often prevented me from pursuing an idea. It's difficult to find related work in patents, and anybody can start a lawsuit. Many patents are vague and way too general and can be used against you even if you think they're about something totally unrelated to what you're doing. I've made several attempts to start a business and it's scary exposing yourself to the public in that way. Marketing is also really difficult, you are literally competing with millions of other voices trying to get yours heard. Getting rich also often seems to require a willingness to climb on the backs of other people, to use them to their disadvantage to advantage yourself which I found I didn't want to do. Part of being a climber is pulling other people down, and that seems like a bad way to live. There are exceptions to all these, but many of them are typically encountered when starting a business. To get really rich it seems to me that you either have to inherit, be lucky, or be really mean and dirty.
Thanks for the update - typed from my 2013 air with 32 bit ok os(10.13). Think I'll hold on.

One fun benefit of 2013 tech is you can by a bunch and give them to your friends for the same price as a 2020 model. I've now bought 4 and given away 3. It's good that they are reliable - many other laptops don't really last 7 years.
It's a fancier way of saying "read you the Riot act" which will take a while
Nothing better captures systemic, institutional, hidden racism than the war on drugs. Why oh why can't we end that already!
> As a bonus, your new Beowulf cluster is systemd free.

Not really a bonus in my book, but I am sure it is for some folks.
Top Useless College Degree to Watch For
These are always funny statements because they sort of betray what the person thinks are normal. There's a famous one with world renowned football coach Pep Guardiola:

> My kids go to school with Indian people, black people, normal people, people from everywhere

https://streamable.com/ga3fg

It's pretty easy to forgive that but it's still funny.
Been going through the Debian Maintainer process by reading through the Debian official docs. The internalpointers blog post is hand's down more lucid than anything I read on the wiki. I think the other comments here reflect that sentiment.
It isn't, really. The command-line is a beautiful thing!
An LDR like he is using has a typical response time of up to 18ms. Better to use a phototransistor which will respond in the order of μs. [1] is $0.95.

http://lednique.com/opto-isolators-2/light-dependent-resisto...
https://www.adafruit.com/product/2831
and how does one urbit vm finds other urbits vm to establish the p2p?
People mentioned NixOps (I personally think it is weaker part of Nix, but it is still good for specific use cases)

There's also another option, nixpkgs actually has a functionality to generate ec2 image, basd on your configuration.nix[1]

You can also generate other images[2]

[1] https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/nixos/maintaine...

[2] https://github.com/nix-community/nixos-generators

edit: I believe you can use [2] even for AWS images, the raw and qcow2 should work on EC2 as well, the [1] is including some additional settings that make NixOS work better there, although there's nothing stopping you from adding these to your own configuration.nix

Also, this is not really a fault of Nix, but in EC2 if you import image it has to go through their conversion mechansim, which takes about 10 minutes :( A kind of workaround around it is to have another instance with attached extra EBS drive, use dd to write raw image on that disk. Then disconnect the EBS, create a snapshot of it and convert the snapshot to an AMI.
It's the game theory optimal choice. No surprise there.
But it's well-established that this has always been the case, from almost the beginning. And it's also common in any party-based system.
Any specific reason for the triple store vs a generic sql or graph database? What queries would you be looking for that would be better served with a triple store vs another type of database?
Can you describe how fascism has worked in the past? Can you imagine how it might be applied today with modern technology, laws, and court precedents?

This isn't fascism of the past.
This is actually what I think is most dangerous in US politics right now. Nixon resigned to avoid an inevitable impeachment. Today? He's stay in office, have impeachment defeated on a straight party-line vote and then declare victory against "fake news".

The Senate obstruction of Obama was unprecedented. The subversion of the Justice Department is unprecedented. The White House going months without a press briefing is unprecedented (in modern times). The erosion of public institutions doesn't seem to matter. Nor does the public trust in those institutions. Winning matters. Getting your agenda through no matter what matters. And that's so dangerous.

This, by the way, is why mandatory voting (as we have in Australia) is so important and so much better. In the US, the election process itself is politicized. What you have is highly organized efforts aimed at voter suppression because people are allowed not to vote so much so that the GOP had to enter into a 35 year consent decree to prevent voter suppression [1].

What a lot of liberals don't understand (for the record, I include myself in that camp) is how angry the idea of activist judges makes conservatives.

In US constitutional law you really have two major schools of thought: the "living document" school and the "literalists". The second group think the constitution says what it says. If you want to change that, there's a process for that (ie a constitutional amendment). The "living document" school thinks the constitution should be viewed through the lens of the times and it asks questions like "what would the Founders have written or meant today?" Broadly speaking, literalists are the conservatives and "living document" types are liberals.

Judicial conservatives think there was no constitutional basis for the SCOTUS decision to legalize gay marriage. They feel like "dignity" was another invented right, just like "privacy" was an invented right that legalized abortion in Roe v. Wade. And whether or not you agree with those things in principle, you shouldn't dismiss how strongly many voters feel that legislatures not judges should enact those things.

I strongly believe the combination of the SCOTUS gay marriage decision and having a black president while the candidate was HIlary Clinton was the perfect storm that was the only thing that could get Trump elected.

But here's this relates to party over democracy: by any measure, Trump is a reprehensible human being. The level of hypocrisy required for religious conservatives to stand behind him is truly astounding. But they do it because we're now in a situation where the ends justifies the means and one of those key ends is packing the courts with young Conservative judges, something that'll have a legacy for decades to come.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballot_Security_Task_Force
I guess it would be a bit better to call it “inspired” by AirDrop rather than a “clone”, as it doesn’t use AWDL for discovery (rather, it seems to use Firebase).
The answer to that is body cams and a strong body cam policy.

I live in a city with one of the 100 largest police forces in the country. All officers are required to wear and activate body cams when performing a police action. Once the video starts the officer cannot interfere with it, though they can pause audio, since it is transmitted to a precinct building and not stored on the officer or their vehicle. Access to stored videos is limited to oversight authorities.

In that case there is little to nothing a thin blue wall can do to protect police officers from misconduct, because it would require destruction of logged evidence on the part of a supervisor or oversight authority.
Maybe my knowledge isn't up to date, but I always understood (since Hotspot anyway) that not all bytecode is necessarily JIT'd to native code.

From the Hotspot Wikipedia page:

"Both VMs compile only often-run methods, using a configurable invocation-count threshold to decide which methods to compile."[1]

Also see very old discussions at StackOverflow[2][3].
Then of course there are compilers (eg. gcj) which compile to native up-front.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HotSpot#Features

[2] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7100365/why-doesnt-javas...

[3] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16568253/difference-betw...
This ignores the fact that black people commit crimes at much higher rates. You ever take a statistics class? Learn to think independently
We check them into github! (sadly...)
I think reviews should be done by grand jury and maybe a three member judicial panel.
Agreed. If you only have 64 MB of RAM to process your 329 GB, AWK's your tool. As you say, it's faster than many people think.
No, Shopify uses Ruby.
If you won’t defend specific claims, why generalize? You’re not convincing anyone.
This is pie-in-the-sky for most cities right now. Municipalities must vote for enacting community-led policing boards that set law-enforcement policies, benchmarks, goals, and hiring standards. It will take time to change their individual departments, but it will work.

See also: Michael A. Wood, Jr.

https://youtu.be/Ndg-JGmYryA

https://youtu.be/BopwzJ-9G0Y

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33293421
A dead reply to this post expressed incredulity at the disparate treatment of Bernie Madoff and countless black convicts when comparing the scale of the damage they respectively caused. They illustrated this with the erroneous "factoid" that Madoff stole more than the value of all robberies and burglaries by black people in the country's history. This is probably untrue, due in no small part to the nature of his scheme. That said, the trillions in value lost during the Great Recession, which was the result of completely unpunished malfeasance by executives and regulators across the financial industry, and which stripped black families of roughly half their wealth, almost surely eclipses whatever figure one could come up with for the proposed above. I agree with the spirit of his comment.
Those 9 deaths are over 60% higher than they would be if the murder rate matched the demographics of the US population. The numbers you cite show the exact opposite of what you claim they show.
It definitely got a lot better over the years, but it still happens sometimes. I don't know the criteria, but it is basically having some update pending install.
Laws tend to lag technological capabilities. There have been rapid developments in lethal and non-lethal methods of force. Policy is needed for when it may be difficult to update laws and more agility is needed. There's a balance.
Protesting Racism versus Risking Covid-19
That wasn’t on a constitutional issue, though. In 1992, the Irish Supreme Court found that there was a right to abortion where a person was suicidal (at the time abortion was generally illegal in Ireland), on a constitutional basis. The government attempted to amend the constitution by referendum to remove this, but that failed.
It should be said that John Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Patriot Act of their day except far worse, which were used to imprison a majority of the opposition newspaper editors using those acts' definition of sedition. Not who I would quote as a defender of democracy.
This post is crap. All of the numbers ignore the fact that black people commit crimes at much higher rates. Even without that:

1000 people killed by cops last year. 41 unarmed. Of those 41, 9 are black. Minuscule
Agree, they approached this by creating a common interface to provision VMs. The good part is that you can deploy the image to different cloud providers with minimum changes. The bad think is that it is utilizing the common components among all providers, that means you essentially can just deploy VM and that's it. No autoscaling etc.
How to ensure that your program does not run under Windows 95 (1995) [pdf]
If you're upset by Butterick linking to his own font then you're not "all for artists promoting their work". This is ridiculous. Is he supposed to pretend he doesn't make fonts in his book about typography?
Most MDTs just use LTE connections these days.
Apple owns these phones. If you owned the phone, you'd have the right to track it.
So it's fine for 2 players?
Electoral reform. Every state manages its own electoral processes, and the vast majority of states have some mechanism for direct democracy through ballot initiatives.

There are many potential improvements, from algorithmic redistricting to mail-in voting, but the big one IMO is Ranked Choice Voting (Maine has already achieved this successfully, and it's stood up against court challenges [0]). This allows us to break the R/D duopoly, and shift the incentives towards big-tent consensus-building rather than demonization and "lesser evilism", and giving independents and third parties a real path to victory.

[0] https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/upcoming/rankedchoicefaq....
Infographic about Coffee market Statistics – expectations
English Bread Regulations
From a cursory look they don't seem to control for number of crimes identified in the race chart you're referencing.
>How do racial biases play into deadly encounters with the police? Researchers wrestle with incomplete data to reach answers.

>[...] But methods and interpretations vary greatly. A pair of high-profile papers published in the past few weeks1,2 come to seemingly opposite conclusions about the role of racial biases.

>“It’s really contentious because there’s no clearly right answer,” says Seth Stoughton at the University of South Carolina in Columbia

That entire article is about how the data doesn't definitively show any bias one way or another yet, why did you think that this article supported a "clear bias"?