skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Languages with Algebraic Data Types will help you get practical knowledge on how to use these types. Basically types share an isomorphism with algebra allowing certain types to share properties with algebra, hence the name sum types and product types.

Bool has a cardinality of two. True and False. A Product type (essentially a tuple) of two bools represents a bool and another bool and has a cardinality of 4. (True, True), (True, False), (False, False), (False, True). The cardinality of a product type is essentially the product 2 * 2 of the cardinality of both individual types. Product types represent the concept of AND: a bool AND another bool. The product type in itself is a type evaluated as the product of two (or more) types. In most languages this concept is represented as a struct or a tuple.

To remove confusion for sum types let us create a type with a cardinality of 4. FuzzyBool. It has 4 instances: VeryTrue, SortaTrue, SortaFalse, VeryFalse. A sum type represents the concept of OR. Let's see a sum type of a Bool OR a FuzzyBool (Bool + FuzzyBool). The new type can either be one of: (True | False | SortaTrue | SortaFalse | VeryTrue | VeryFalse). The cardinality is 4 + 2. Hence the term sum type.

Languages are typically asymmetric in types due to the lack of the explicitly offering the user the ability to combine types to form a sum type.

The Golang return value for functions is actually the opposite of a sum type. It is a product type. Rob Pike was likely unaware that you can create a type that is either (File* or Error) and instead utilized ((File* | null) && (Error | null)) to attempt to keep error handling within the type system. It results in IO functions having a return type with Cardinality of greater than 4: (File, nil), (File, err), (nil, nil), (nil, err) and they just expect you to ignore (File*, err) and (nil, nil) and assume it will never occur even though the type system does not restrict it from occurring.

If you want to learn this stuff imperatively I would recommend Rust, however you could miss the big picture with Rust due to the borrow checker and the option to do typical C-style programming that avoids utilizing the ADT's to the full extent of their power.

I would recommend diving into something like Haskell and getting to know algebraic data types and exhaustive pattern matching. You can avoid fully understanding Monads if all you want to understand is Sum types. Haskell will force you to utilize sum types very early on via exhaustive pattern matching.
Yeah, a disc (the surface contained in a circle) is two dimensional. A circle is one dimensional because it only takes one number to decribe where you are in the circle (think rotary dial).
Interesting. Do you have any reference?
I know exactly what you feel. I am kind of in the same boat (I am a C++ developer trying out rust). One example is the lifetime specification makes it look like code from the code golf languages i.e. "&'a mut"

However, this sense is reducing every-time I see an example of some idiomatic Rust code. I appreciate that they've addressed a lot of C++ pain points.

1. Traits are awesome. (Simon Brand: How Rust gets polymorphism right - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSlBhAOLtFA)

2. The lazy pipeline styled programming is idiomatic and produces optimal assembly. (Ranges in C++20 )

3. Extremely powerful enums. Straight out of functional langs.

These are only a few of the things top of my mind but it makes me appreciate Rust more and more.
The Third Age of JavaScript
I’ve done it on and off. Some of my favourite apps: Codea, Play.js, Working Copy.
Skylake (and its derivatives) is only competitive if you disregard power usage.

For environments where performance/watt matters (e.g., servers, laptops, etc.), Skylake is significantly behind Zen 2.
> "Moreover, there is a massive danger in decoupling "value contributed to the tribe" (work) from "value received from the tribe" (income). What I think would make sense is to require that people receiving UBI still need to do some kind of work."

Yep, instead of UBI, I'd be fine with Universal Basic Employment. It needn't even be something onerous (e.g. keeping the sidewalk clean or visiting the elderly to cheer them up) if the individual has physical or health limitations as long as it's contributing to the well being of society.
> People are starting to make Fava extensions for things like envelope budgeting

I've been hearing about making extensions for envelope budgeting for years, with little progress. I haven't checked in the last 2 years though - any progress on this?

To be frank, it was fairly annoying that the author kept declaring it as "not too hard" and yet no one came up with one.
Right, my use of the plural was confusing. It's just that in general when you add a client you end up editing both the client and the server config, so both keys end up being disclosed on the screen.
Thekidszn is creating a buzz at the age of 16
Given the size of the web back then, running Altavista on a mainframe made sense. But how many exabytes can you stuff into any small collection of units today if you wanted to?

Even today, reading the specs for the unit mentioned in the linked article, I’d have a hard time imagining running the Amazon.com website off a single mainframe. The shopping cart? Sure. The funny matching like “pjama wih ft” showing me “pajamas with feet”? I’d hate to be the one who had to power a million of those per second.
Certainly true, but as the article notes, it means that you're going to need to account for a good cooling setup when you build one of these systems. Last few systems I've built (Haswell i7 and Skylake i7) have used relatively inexpensive air-coolers which have been quiet and effective. That's just not going to cut it here.
Not sure following is related to the post, but it might help a few like me who are still using High Sierra (macos), and can't use the official WireGuard GUI client (becuase it targets newer versions of macos).

You might want to check WireGuardStatusBar - https://github.com/aequitas/macos-menubar-wireguard

I like it over wg-quick (which requires sudo, and prompts for password all the time). The WireGuardStatusBar uses a privileged helper, so you only need to authorize it once and use it all the time.

Cheers.
You can learn a lot from digging into why the CCP ( chinese communist party ) hates Trump and why the are doing everything they can to block him from getting re-elected ... its really not about Biden's position or lack there of its more about realizing the putative benefits of allowing Trump to push back especially w.r.t. Intellectual Property theft which has been siphoning trillions off past/present/future earnings not only in the US but in the West generally
Slack seems to be loading just fine for me. What seems to be the issue?
>>> Listeners won’t have to pay to access the episodes

> I’m not going to subscribe to Spotify for this podcast.

You can still listen to it free.
I think the confusion is because the chip design is tied to the manufacturing process. Intel likely has IPC gains in their new architecture for 10nm, but they can't manufacture that yet, and they can't just build it on 14nm instead without significant work to port the design to the new process node.
Hash the current time in seconds, every time the first three hex digits are 000 then on average another hour and 8 minutes has passed.

It's easy, awkward, time consuming and probably pretty wrong for tracking hours. Just like regular time tracking!
I think that sums up my issues with desktop Linux: any user has at least some niche requirements. For mine they are fairly doable on MacOS/Windows, but they require hours of staring at documentation and downloading/compiling source code in Linux.

I still write code in a Linux environment because that's where the ecosystem is, but for my daily driver I've given up on desktop Linux. And I've found that WSL gets me a Linux based development environment side by side with Windows with less pain than dual booting. I've found that when it comes to using Linux smoothly, it's a lot easier to shoehorn myself into the happy paths than to bend my setup into my way of doing things.
A flashlight app asking for your contact list disagrees (don't forget about the FB SDK sitting quietly in the corner)
Interesting! Do you have any anecdotes that you can share about his recent roles at AMD and Tesla? From public information, he was the designer of the Zen microarchitecture at AMD.
That is a core selling feature of Shops:

https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2686633214905269
True. Square bought Weebly for this.
Confirmed: the go link with the machine name works but I don't want to post it on HN to be safe :)

If any Googlers are reading this: just goto go/legends and search for officespace. The first link that pops up has context as to why the video exists.
sure, but I have to do it manually for each one. Who has time for this?
It's failing with "Server Error" for me.
Interesting stuff, thanks for linking!
keep in mind that the tweaks app was a very voiced project against the gnome team. it kept fixing what they broke. it was mostly a f* you message ...that everyone must use daily, which say a lot about the message.
This isn't a loaded question, but how come people (especially the people here) don't know that?
It blocks that too on my machine.
FTC is asleep at the wheel, with Facebook.

Did you know they're doing dating, gamestreaming, classified ads....list goes on longer than my patience.
True, but also we need to also do a rethink of how the savings from decarbonization are socialized on the form of higher quality of life available at a lower cost to more people.

If most of the savings of decarbonization go to capital, we will end up just bringing our current issues with growing wealth inequality into the decarbonized economy.

Developed economies should lead the way on this by demonstrating how a high quality of life can be preserved with decarbonization at population scale.

That means not just for the wealthy to build net zero eco-mansions and drive Teslas, but for most regular people's energy bills (for both home and transportation) to drop to near amortized capital investment cost
of renewables plus the marginal cost of producing renewable energy, which should be far lower than fossil fuels.
> electricity outrages would have to last multiple days to be a problem

Ya, and that's pretty rare in most areas so it seems like a reasonable plan.

I wonder if it's worthwhile doing a small "emergency" scale solar installation or if you may as well just do a full scale system once you've installed the rest of the infrastructure. Looking for opinions...
That is not correct that in general the rich got rich by being more effective with their money. In the US social mobility is limited compared to other countries. How rich your parents are/were is more important than your intelligence.
Anyone know your typical steps for this process? I guess your first step is to contact your embassy, then look for a local lawyer, then what comes next?
I’d want Westboro Baptist Church to be able to have a YouTube channel. Cloudflare still does TLS termination and DDoS protection for their website https://godhatesfags.com so it doesn’t seem totally out of the question.
Funny serious thoughts I ran into while attending online College Zoom test
Jared's talent (if he has any) is to screw up and then convincingly claim he did a great job. Trump sees this as the apex of ability.
see this is what i mean.

every kernel has pros and cons. all of them are wonderful until you hit a con.
I've adopted a naming scheme after Pokemon. My main rig is called Raichu, whilst one of my dedicated servers is called Onix.

The main reasoning behind it was to ensure a large pool of names without having to reuse any from past machines.
But this isn't relevant to computer programming because floating point numbers don't work like this. You can't pack two floating point numbers into one of the same size without losing precision.

You could convert any two arbitrary-length datatypes into one, though, with a suitable encoding.
Aren't NASA's budget and their subsequent aerospace contracts mere drops in the ocean compared to the DoD budget and their contracts? It seems like a PR and politics problem more than a real risk of NASA bankrupting Boeing.
the whole point behind Vehicle to grid is not to sustain your house but to stabilize the grid at peaks, don't think as your car but as the whole fleet of electric cars able to do V2G, that means that the grid could use a bunch of cars to sustain a small peak and avoid the need altogether of very expensive peaker plants
> Embedded? Too many proprietary toolchains that don't run on Linux.

It's funny/surprising that you'd say that, given that Linux is the single most dominant OS in the embedded device space. What toolchains are you referring to? Here are some well known ones.

https://www.yoctoproject.org/
https://www.ptxdist.org/
https://openwrt.org/

> ML? nVidia [apparently I'm incorrect on this one].

Not only are you wrong about CUDA, but Google's custom built chip designed for ML runs soley on Linux: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor_processing_unit

ML almost exclusively runs on Linux.

> and it is only supported on Windows

Office also runs on macOS. You can also run Office in Linux using WINE.

> Alright, this is a bit subjective, but is supported by the stats that show Linux Desktop still in a distant and well deserved third place. You list a few tasks that you seem to believe are "normal user" tasks, I submit to you that you drastically underestimate the things a normal desktop computer user does with their computer, since most of the tasks you listed are now things that people do on phones and tablets.

It's really easy to say anything without providing any supportive evidence to substantiate your claims. Pray tell what tasks you are referring to that "normal users" partake that supposedly can't be done in desktop linux.
Thank you, keep in mind Metalens is only for iPhones at the moment.
iPad support is a bit lower on the priority list right now, I think it will be ready in 2 months or so.
Love this comment. Not a hardware guy but it seems to me it would be really cool to "deconstruct" bluetooth to the point where you just have a d-to-a converter periodically pump a small mutable memory region onto a tiny antenna ("shout into the void"). That memory region is written to periodically by the sensors, which are themselves tiny MEMS units that only sense and write to memory when powered; you periodically send power to them. Encryption would happen either before write or just before transmission.

To keep things really simple, you could hardcode a secret into each device, only accessible by the end-user by opening the device and looking, maybe with a microscope for extra security. Alternatively, you might set it up to repetatively broadcast the secret on first power up and then have a one-time switch that the user "crushes" to it into sensing mode. (and if you hit that switch without the secret, or lose the secret, you now have a brick).

I'm not sure how compatible this would be with bluetooth protocol, which I know is enormous, and is highly stateful (pairing, etc). One can hope.
I agree with the person I responded to - this isn't an honest view of incorrect abstractions in other languages. This is haskellers complaining that other languages are different. The meme I think accurately conveys that, and why not have a meme every now and then?
the comments thread on this is much more valuable to me than the article itself (not to say the article is not valuable) :)
Oh, dear. Another "will never happen" issue which, after not so long (in the history of mankind) takes place. And this one would not have been so complicated to fix (just enforce a limit as the author suggests).

/* this line is unreachable */
printf("You have reached unreachable code\n");

10 years later, it gets printed...
Can't read the article, but IIRC the elder Taylor's wife is from Lebanon and he spent a lot of time there, even though he is from the Boston area and has a home here.

Can't believe his lawyers didn't recommend he go to Lebanon sooner, considering the amount of information made public about this case. Japan and U.S. have extradition treaties, and they must have been aware of the risk.
So how do you define "work" in a way that covers one but not the other in a way that reliably can't be gamed on a country-level scale without spending utterly ridiculous amounts of money on it?
New Ownership Expands TUNE’s Market Position
> Firefox also seemingly blocks access to 192.168/24 and 10/8

Chrome, OTOH, will happily open a websocket to these IP ranges. Another good reason not to use Chrome.
Exploitation Exercise with Go Unsafe.Pointer: Code Flow Redirection
I get the feeling that he would be a very impressive programmer.
Outside of specialized instruction sets, I wouldn't expect major leaps in single-threaded performance from either Intel or AMD for the foreseeable future.
I'm an organist. The organ console is often placed quite some distance from the pipes—especially in the instance of remote divisions such as antiphonal stops (placed at the back of the sanctuary). In addition to distance, the mechanism of the instrument itself introduces a bit of lag. It's something that you just get used to. Choral and orchestral musicians also often deal with these sorts of issues: sometimes they have to play entirely on sight (watching the conductor's baton) rather than listening to the (delayed) sound.

I used to play Dance Dance Revolution quite regularly. One of our controllers had a lag that made it unplayable for most people. But I found my brain adjusting to it extremely quickly, and I think it's because I was accustomed to doing that already during organ playing.
Zen architecture team lead was Mike Clark, engineering lead Suzanne Plummer
There is another way of looking at this.

If an area has contained it once, they have to do it again. They have to try. They are not immune.

If the US decides to go it alone on the herd immunity approach, because they are incapable of making any other approach work, and all other countries reduce the infection rate to close to zero over the summer with the lockdown approach, that US travel ban aint getting lifted.

Most countries have attempted lockdown, opening up as and when their health services are able to cope.

If US citizens were immune but contagious, US citizens would only be free to travel within US borders.

Could end up with Lockdown, branded as freedom.

In that light it makes sense to what ever the rest of the world does.
Rolls-Royce to lay off 9k workers
Then how is Smule possible?
But I could play either Jerry Lee Lewis style, arms length from the keyboard with my head back, or Glenn Gould style, hunched over the keyboard and my head moves a metre between the two. So that's around the 3ms threshold where I (and the sound engineer above) claim to be able to detect delays, and yet I don't think I'd notice a delay between those two playing positions
Do you make the same argument for movies? books? cars?
Yes, I see that too much too, although in this case I just disabled CSS. (In other cases, I sometimes click with the mouse on the area I want to scroll and then use the arrows and page up and page down keys to scroll.)

> For this reason, I strongly recommend that websites (as distinct from web apps) avoid placing article content within a new scrolling area. Use the document scroll area.

I agree with this.
Intel's marketing isn't helping any. They have Comet Lake and Ice Lake parts all in the "10th gen" bag which is misleading at best.
I want to upgrade but there just isn't a reason to yet. I'm still on a 4930k
Server Sent Events and HTTP? With a modern setup it’s going to be sharing an HTTP/2 pipe anyway. Even handles disconnections gracefully/transparently if you’re clever about it.

Can anyone expand on why this technique isn’t more common? I’m so sick of seeing folks reinvent HTTP (poorly) on top of WebSockets. I get if extreme low latency is (allegedly) a requirement.
Prescott had one core though, this has ten. 115W was with an order of magnitude fewer transistors. Even back then, that was terrible performance.
Lesson for start-ups: Be a camel
My fiance went to middle school with Peter in a small, rural town out in nowhere Northern Massachusetts. Small world.
I really want to have kids, but I don’t feel financially capable of it. I have a very good, stable job with a high developer salary and costs of raising a child are just way, way, way too high to consider it.

I would at minimum need to be certain I have enough money to

- own a nice, safe home we cannot easily be evicted / removed from (eg due to landlord preferences), within a short commute from my workplace and any school / child care locations we need.

- have a personal savings rate that will allow me to fully pay for some child care options, school, and eventually college, and give my child some lump sum for an emergency fund when they move out on their own.

- have remaining savings rate to still achieve some of my personal goals that I’m unwilling to sacrifice over child care, like traveling / vacationing, continued education, and supporting my elderly parents when needed.

I cannot see a way to do this without earning probably upwards of $500k/year, so having children is just financially untenable for me.

If home prices near major tech centers went down, or my salary went up, then I’d love to. But as labor share of wealth stagnates and urban real estate is increasingly priced out for average families, it’s just impossible.
And give them my data: hahah fat chance.
i am not sure: you can have "quoting" without this property
1. I know Twitter adjusts salary based on location, and this practice is more common that not for US employees. So I'm leaning towards Yes.

2. This is the big question. In my opinion, they will soon add fine print to this "Permanent Remote" policy depending on how essential employee is (e.g. DevOps more likely to work FT remote versus Lead Engineers on core company product). My bet is that, when the panic calms down, it'll become a flexible hybrid policy for most workers. But I'm speculating and just generally think it's way too early to be declaring anything "permanent."
Speaking as someone who spent like a dozen hours trying to get his duel monitor setup working in Ubuntu and Fedora: no. It's not.

My experience is that Linux has significantly worse hardware support than Windows, particularly where newer hardware is concerned.
enthusiast cooling tech has advanced quite a bit, too.
Where in the terms of service does it say that third party clients are disallowed?

(It doesn’t.)
The US Federal conviction rate is only a few percentage points lower. And as a US citizen, I can assure you it is not the first in our case.
The Japanese criminal justice system is not up to first world standards.

"The litany of violations that commonly take place while the detainee is in daiyou kangoku would befit places such as China, Turkey, or the Israeli occupied West Bank. Detainees are subject to extremely long (e.g. over twelve hours) questioning sessions, designed to wear them down. Sleep deprivation is common, as is the deprivation of adequate food, and suspects are often made to stand in uncomfortable positions for hours on end. Intimidation is the order of the day, with techniques such as repeated screaming in the detainee’s ears, and, though rarer, beatings have also been known to take place."

https://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/02/japans-authoritarian...
It's not really important whether it's assigned to a variable or not. It's important that "potentially expensive" operations like memory allocation are obvious. So you either need to call to_string, or call String::new("localhost").
While true, I am still impressed by Intel engineers in terms of performance they are able to extract out without arch and process change. i9-10900k beats i7-6950x by a good margin for most tests, both being 10C CPUs.
A $150B Pile of Frozen Loans Starts to Worry U.S. Banks
Medium Earnings Analysis: Month Two
Strictly speaking, it is more like the shell of the distributed operating system.