skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> I have dealt with the judicial system.

Then you would be familiar with how corrupt it is.

> Where are these "lots of people" if the system is drowning in new cases all over the place?

They are everywhere, probably some in your family as well who would have told you its better to avoid the justice system.

> The definition of people losing faith in a "corrupt judiciary" would be mass protests, street judgments.

An alternative definition would be people just avoiding the justice system by not going to the court or settle the case themselves using money and muscle.

I dont really understand why you are trying to defend a corrupt system, I get it you are an Indian on HN and you dont like people telling the truth about India but you cannot put your head in the sand.
> What it comes down to is that our leadership doesn't trust us...

This seems to be the argument against UBI, as well.
> Engineers usually are happy to explain their shit

Ain't that the truth. Get us going and you'll have to beg us to stop.
> 0.9 is not equal to 1,

> 0.99 is not equal to 1,

> 0.999 is not equal to 1,

> 0.9999 is not equal to 1,

> 0.99999 is not equal to 1,

> 0.999999 is not equal to 1,

> and so on, ad infinitum.

You are correct about all of these, and all finite strings of the above form.

> Saying that if you add enough "9"s it suddenly equals 1.0 makes absolutely no sense to me, and I seriously doubt that anyone will be able to convince me that it does make sense. I've read every single post in this thread and none of you have gotten me any closer at all to believing or understanding that 0.9 repeating equals 1.

I think it's because you, and a lot of other people in this thread, are turning the question on its head. The difficulty does not so much lie in figuring out whether 0.999… is equal to 1 or not, but rather in what we mean when we write 0.999….

I know I'm repeating myself from elsewhere in the thread, but I'll try again. Try to go through these step by step, and feel free to let me know where you lose the thread.

DEFINITION: A finite decimal representation of a real number is a finite string of the form `a_m a_{m-1} … a_0 . b_1 b_2 … b_n` where each `a_i` and each `b_i` is a natural number between 0 and 9 inclusive (a digit). We say that this finite decimal representation represents the real number

a_m*10^m + a_{m-1}*10^{m-1} + … + a_0 + b_1*10^{-1} + b_2*10^{-2} + … + b_n*10^{-n}.

Note: The previous definition deals with finite strings and finite sums. I hope we can agree that these are well-defined and unambiguous concepts.

EXAMPLE: The string `12.98` has `m=1`, `n=2` with `a_1=1`, `a_0=2`, `b_1=9` and `b_2=8`. It therefore represents the real number

1*10^1 + 2*10^0 + 9*10^{-1} + 8*10^{-2}

(duh!).

Within this standard framework, there is no way to ask "what is 0.999…?. It is not yet defined, because we have only defined what finite strings mean. The standard definition for what one means by 0.999… follows. (One can obviously also define these things 0.888…, 1.999…, etc., but let's stick to one case here).

DEFINITION: Let `(c_n)_{n natural}` be a sequence of real numbers (let me know if you need a definition of sequences!). We say that the sequence has the limit x as n tends to infinity (these are words, you don't have to ascribe meaning to "infinity" in that sentence – it's just a word, like "gnarf"!) if, given any real eps>0, there exists an M such that for all m > M, |c_m - x| < eps.

Definition (this is the definition you have to wrap your head around before continuing): Consider the sequence `(c_n)_{n natural}` where `c_n` is the finite sum

9*10^{-1} + 9*10^{-2} + … + 9*10^{-n}

The string `0.999…` (which we colloquially speak of as "zero point nine nine nine with nines repeating forever") denotes the limit of the sequence `(c_n)_{n natural}` as n tends to infinity (if it exists).

"THEOREM": The limit defining `0.999…` does exist. It is `1`.

PROOF: You can fill this in. If you can't, I'm happy to do it.

As you can see, at no point in the above did feelings or beliefs matter :-)
I also really enjoyed the article linked to in the replies on the history of using fake places to spot copy cat cartographers: https://dustyoldthing.com/paper-towns-fake-places/
What's wrong with sending the link?

Why would you want to keep previewing the music while you're buying it?
Well, that depends, fakers tend to fail.

But there's something to the status thing, and I think he illustrates it: if you have any status or credibility at all, you also have the ability to set the tone.

And you probably should. The few managers and executives I've met with who can't take "I don't know" and "this was a mistake" in stride without losing their cool immediately start getting lied to and shielded from bad news.
What the F*ck Python?
A competitive product is available in midtown ny for six dollars.

Key differences are
- pita vs sourdough
- street meat vs name brand meat
- lower quality vegetables
-served in a foil sheet vs a take out bowl
- lower overhead since it comes from a cart usually operated by the owner
- they use cans, not a dispenser system

Gourmet food is a luxury, and expecting people to pay higher margins during a time of wealth contraction will only work if she can change the narrative and position her German street meat as being entirely different than NY street meat.

I think she'll need to downgrade her product
Computational Category Theory in Python 3: Monoids, Groups, and Preorders
My experience is that it’s a memory hog. There’s a ton of tiny caveats that are easy to overlook until you spend a good amount of time debugging an issue. The team and community is active and helpful. The overall experience is positive and the technology nifty.
13 minutes to the Moon

Intelligence squared

Making sense

The knowledge project
Indeed this is a great resource. I was pleased to to learn about it just now. I would be curious if you or anyone else have other suggestions for that are similar i.e great in depth *nix content and pleasant to look at like this one. Nixcraft is also good resource although not quite as in depth on each subject. Cheers.
I usually find that (within a broad range of capability) someone's actual knowledge on a given topic is inversely correlated with their self-rating on a 1-10 scale.
What was the main factor for choosing Go instead of C or Java?
The “Mail Order Brides” Test
https://geekflare.com/nodejs-monitoring-tools/
Stop treating the Earth like dirt!

More muck-racking journalism from Scientific American:

Would You Like a Side of Dirt with That?

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/would-you-like-si...

Pay Dirt: Martian Soil Fit for Earthly Life

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/martian-soil-fit-...

Eating Dirt: The Benefits of Being (Relatively) Filthy

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/food-matters/eating-dir...

Dirt Doesn’t Smell like Dirt

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/artful-amoeba/dirt-does...

Why Researchers Need Better Space Dirt

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-researchers-n...

Secrets of Life in the Soil

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/secrets-of-life-i...

How Dirt Cleans Water

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-dirt-cleans-w...

Dirt Poor: Have Fruits and Vegetables Become Less Nutritious?

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/soil-depletion-an...

How Dirt Can Clean the Air

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-dirt-can-clea...
This isn't a new phenomenon - my favorite past example of this is the FileMaker series of applications.

The biggest hurdle to building most great tools isn't the coding, it's the process of carefully thinking about the problem and designing something that fits without being overly complicated or too basic. Incidentally, learning to code often gives you some basic understanding of this issue.

No-code tools like Notion or Filemaker throw users straight into the deep end of designing their own solutions, and because of the data-agnostic nature of the tool it's difficult to build in guardrails to stop the user from over-complicating their solution.
Have you also noticed Instagram half baked dark-mode release?
I do not usually write posts like this, but I would never write an hl7 parser when things like hapi https://hapifhir.github.io/hapi-hl7v2/ exist. It is not just a parser, tones of fields in hl7 messages have not obvious meanings and implications
Who wants to get hired? (May 2020)
Pg-Basic
I don't disagree that wearing masks seems a good idea, I'm just saying 70% reduction in particles doesn't map to a 70% reduction in transmissions. Whether the reduction is 10% or 90%, it's a useful contribution, particularly because in public situations where masks are likely to be recommended (transport, shops) if someone coughs as you're walking past there's no way for contact tracers to know about that link.
Literally the only thing you need to know is that * binds tighter than + and - and that * can be omitted. Everything else is obvious - I never used / but fractions instead, exponentiation is also visually indicated, the only counterexample I guess is some made up operations when doing group/ring theory but it’s all clearly explained anyways. Using “clear unambiguous syntax” as in () would actually make all formulas much longer and much less clear.
Me, me! Pick me!
This is actually a practice I shun. I submitted commentary on behalf of most of the people in my relatively meager social circle, but at a minimum I 'asked' them if it was alright to do so, explained to them the position I was advocating and asked them if they were in alignment enough to be comfortable being included.

Scraping names/addresses and blasting comments without actually doing the footwork actually undermines the integrity of the entire thing. For both sides.

I won't deny an automated form filler script didn't pass through my mind as an option; but I have a very intense distaste for people who engage in unauthorized proxy behavior, or who subvert other's identities online. Especially now that everyone has thrown out the prevailing common sense of not linking your real life persona to your digital presence. It's one of those lines you just don't cross.

Then again, I've been called an anachronism by peers before; and with recent behavior by various large companies (Wells Fargo) taking the initiative to sign people up for things they don't ask for, maybe my brand of professional ethos hasn't aged well.
Big businesses learned long ago that if you back both sides you always win.
What makes C or Java such better options that they had to have explicit reasons to use Go?
My understanding as well, does anyone have a breakdown of estimates on marginal cost of production for various oil extraction regions? Very interesting..
Underwriters and Short Sellers Manipulate Share Prices
An embedded Rust pattern: zero sized references
It’s important to note that not all omega 3 is equal; plant derived omega 3 (ALA) is hard for the body to synthesize and use where animal derived omega 3 (EPA & DHA) is easier to synthesize for use.
> I heard about a toy store that was doing more business now than before COVID

One plausible explanation: parents desperately needing to keep kids entertained at home so they can work.

Most likely it’s multiple causes, but that’s one of several that comes to mind.
> rocket-propulsion system once thought to be impossible

I can't be the only one who read those words and for a split second thought, "They got the EmDrive working?!?!" But this is completely different.
I like the idea of the squiggle but it does appear to be trending in the correct direction from the very beginning, which would require tremendous foresight or just not really finding anything too unexpected on your journey. I think a more realistic squiggle - while still being chaotic - would trend one way for 50% of its development, then have some 90 or 180 degree hand break turns of realisation before finally having its straightening up phase in probably a completely different direction.
I helped Mom buy a new car last year. She was ready to buy a newer version of the CUV she had already owned for 7 years, but when we got to asking "What's the best price we can get on it?" they switched vehicles to a lower trim level so we were no longer talking about the same car. They had a solid sale. And screwed it up because they started playing games.

She ended up with a competitor. That dealer had a mandatory "package" they applied to every car on their lot (window tint, door edge protector, etc.) which was grossly overpriced.

Something I haven't seen the numbers on but I suspect is true, is that they make more profit on the financing rebate than they do on the sale of the vehicle. The pressure to finance with them is so high that some dealers will refuse to accept cash offers. Or they will add on $2500 as an "external finance fee" when a buyer already has financing arranged.
I agree. I haven’t used notion but the complaints are identical to my lotus notes experience. I wished I could have entered expense reports in a real program fit for purpose.
Ask HN: Best Book for Personal Finance and Investment
What is the best book for personal finance and investment? I am interested in how to construct a diversified portfolio for myself and would like know some credible resources. I'd love to hear your suggestions.
Python follows math. Other languages made up something weird.
I work at a place with mobile apps. You can't continuously release a new app update every day so a release cycle is useful for structuring when we're going to ship, when qa starts to test, and having deliverable dates in anticipation of app store/play store approvers (couple days)
There is also HD Tracks

https://www.hdtracks.com/
"traders were required to pay to offload their futures contracts in order to not take delivery of the oil"

That doesn't seem accurate, since the expiring futures rebounded to a positive value the next (and final) day, right?

It seems more like people were panicking and thought they had to unload at any price, but it was simply an error. Although I'm not knowledgeable about it.
Que vous soyez un blogueur ou un candidat politique
misleading title, they did not wait, wait means something completely different

they ground the rock up, placed it in a tube, put it in a drawer, then took it out two years later and performed some measurements

the minerals turned out to be less jagged than sterile minerals kept for the same amount of time. The scientists concluded that the bacteria ate the rock by stripping electrons.

Now a possible alternative explanation (not explored by the journalist) is that the bacteria lived off the remaining organic materials in the rock and the byproduct of their life were substances that dulled the crystals.
Here are some of my recent favorites.
Important to note, I find one good podcast out of like 5-10, most podcasts are not worthy of a listen. However here are some of my thought provoking favorites:

- The Portal with Ryan Holiday
- The Knowledge Project with Jason Calacanis
- Future Thinkers with Ken Wilber, all episodes are worth a listen, my favorite is: Clean Up, Wake Up, Grow Up, Show Up
- Future Thinkers with Bonnita Roy
- Conversations With Tyler with Ben Westhoff
Conversations With Tyler with Ted Gioia
- Y Combinator with Russ Roberts
In general, most content on YouTube is a bit pedestrian. I would like to see more serious academic resources referenced, longer and more in-depth videos, and better production values. Something like Every Frame a Painting but for other topics.
Also recommended:

"The Best and the Brightest" (https://www.amazon.com/Best-Brightest-David-Halberstam/dp/04...)

The title refers to individuals who at the time were widely admired -- including of course Robert McNamara. These individuals were of keen intellect, and had been educated at Ivy League and equivalent schools; many had PhD's. They had a reputation as successful managers and leaders who prided themselves on straight talk. And yet, these "uber-men," working together as a team with the best of intentions, gradually managed to entangle the US into the hell of the Vietnam war, by many accounts mismanaged the war, and, last but least, deceived the public about it.
NYC is 4-7$ usd
There's a whole section in the article about that. C would be a pretty obviously terrible choice so I'm not sure why you would consider that.

Java would be ok but Go is much simpler to get started with and to deploy. In general it is more lightweight and easier to use (unless you need generics, though Java doesn't really do those right either).
This is a great implementation and you have done it real quickly. Great stuff!
3. Employee "forgets" phone in desk drawer/locker when going home every evening.
This was yesterday, but we’re doing it again on June 5th and July 3rd (first Fridays of the next two months).
It's always easy to refine an abstract idea, such is trivial.

For implementing and maintaining designs, especially in software, the squiggle goes in the opposite direction.
Interesting that he chose BASIC as a programming language.
Most likely would not have been my first choice. But I guess that is also part of the beauty and power of replit, that different languages can be quickly tried out.
(Including obscure ones such Emoticon and LOLCODE, I just noticed: https://repl.it/repls/ConventionalGuiltySyndrome)
Tyler has spoken in the past about the huge amount of research he does for his podcast, and it shows. Always an interesting conversation.
In all that time, have you strictly been writing code, on computers that came set up out of the box, that runs on computers managed by other people? This is not an insult, I’m aware such things exist, but I seem to travel in different circles. It may come from a certain era of being into computers as a hobby for a long time before I could call myself a software engineer, and having to do what we now call DevOps necessarily by working for companies that didn’t have the resources to hire a fleet of system administrators. As a result I may live in a bubble where the friends and colleagues I associate with are as comfortable with a command line as they are with an IDE, and frequently jump between the two.

I mention DevOps because it is hard to think of a situation where you’re just coding Java and C# all day that truly requires awk-or-similar. But just the other day I had a situation where I copied the contents of a CD-ROM to a web server — drag and drop on my Mac — and ended up with the files all in upper case. The program I was trying to run was failing because it requested everything with lower-case URLs. There were hundreds and hundreds of files in a bunch of directories, so I fixed it with Perl in about 30 seconds.

I’m curious if that’s the sort of problem you never encounter, or if it is, what you reach for.
Hard to look down upon spending 3 weeks learning elisp and latex during undergrad! Tell your employer you did this and they'll be less kind probably :D
That’s because the language designers overloaded the arithmetic operator (+) to perform string concatenation when the operands can be cast as Strings.

Without overloading the + operator, string concatenation which is a common operation, would have been unnecessarily verbose. Your example without the + operator would look like below:

String a = new String(“a”).concat(1); // String object concat
String a = “a”.concat(1); // String literal concat
2/3 of India's population does not have smartphones, which makes even the purported use of this app completely useless.
TLDR- yes it can.

"The minerals incubated with microbes appeared ragged or pitted — as if they had been dipped in acid, not bacteria — after their 864-day incubation. The sterile control minerals, by contrast, retained sharp, smooth edges."
It is also making poor countries less poor, which in turn makes their people better off and, yes, make them contribute less to pollution (it also slows population growth).

How is that? People who are less poor –
almost per definition – consume more and hence tend to use up more resources/cause more pollution per capita.
Good technical specialist discussions of science from an explicitly left-wing perspective
http://www.scienceforthepeople.ca/

Light and amusing handling of a wide variety of moral/ethical issues
https://www.youtube.com/user/thephilosophytube

One of the few actual left-wing podcasts. Coherent, solidly-researched journalism with very high-production values.
https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/panoply/intercepted-with-je...

Excellent BBC series. There are other In Our Time subseries also. Would recommend using get_iplayer to navigate what seems to be a deliberately self-sabotaging BBC website
In Our Time: History
http://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p01dh5yg.rss
https://github.com/get-iplayer/get_iplayer

TrueAnon: deliberately rambling and speculative, provocative. Dirtbag Left.
https://soundcloud.com/trueanonpod

Excellent material both video and audio. Includes people like Judea Pearl, Patricia Churchland.
https://www.edge.org/audios

UK dirtbag left. Very loose format, intentionally unprofessional (?!) good deconstructions of Silicon Valley startup b/s
https://twitter.com/trashfuturepod
Thanks, but I feel there's more to the story. For instance, in car engines, there's a lot of attention paid to preventing detonation. And the article doesn't seem to provide any information about possible performance improvements involving numbers. This seems like a pattern with short articles about some supposed leap forward and I still find it annoying and frustrating although I expect it. I'd like to ask the author - why do you think it's groundbreaking?
Math is first and foremost a language, whose symbols are generally well-defined, although they differ between contexts in some cases. In many of those differing contexts, the symbols are re-used to give an intuitive sense. For example, re-using "x" for cross product.

Reducing math to words means English math is different from Chinese math. If I, a native English speaker, were to look at such math, I would have to more or less take it on faith that the translation I'm reading is accurate. And god forbid I'm trying to read a translation of a work done jointly by (say) a Romanian and a Chinese.

The symbols generally remove ambiguity. Consider the English word "bi-weekly." It's so muddied that it is almost useless. It means either twice a week or once every two weeks. It means, literally, both multiplication and division; and context is rarely helpful for this particular word.

You can certainly use the symbols poorly and ambiguously, as many viral "Solve this math problem!" memes exemplify. But used properly they're generally clear, concise, and well-defined.

I do, however, have one nitpick about symbols, and that's with the use of the ellipsis in math. You'll often see things like {1, 2, ..., n} which is generally intended to mean (say) the natural numbers up and including to n. But does it? Couldn't it also represent powers of 2? Or the set of fibonacci numbers? And since it is a set, order doesn't matter. Almost anything at all could be in that set. We can only be sure it's not something like "all the odd numbers" because 2 is in the set. Frustratingly, it's not even necessary in most cases, since we have set-builder notation and other tools.
It's probably because they existed when he first started learning programming.
I don’t understand why this got voted down. The parent echos my feelings on the matter well.

Streaming is convenient for some use cases, and dreadful for others. e.g. DJing.

Even Spotify fails in some of its aims: I can no longer share to, or follow now new friends IN Spotify, because I joined pre-facebook accounts and I don’t use facebook. I have to share from it via IM/email, which is exactly like if the music was on webpages/ftp/etc. So just as I have no control over the catalog, I also have no control over sharing/following friends. It is however brilliant for discovery (within the admittedly huge catalog).
Is a VPN Extremely Safe to Utilize? Here’s the Means by Which to Know