skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> And if it isn't a simple majority then unanimity is the only resonable option.

I don't see why it's the only reasonable option. Consider if we discover that 90% agreement has the exact same false conviction rate, but a much better true conviction rate. That would justify a 90% majority over unanimity.

Maybe unanimity is maybe the only reasonable option when you don't have any other informatoin, but that bar can move once you have a better understanding of the phenomenon.
Yeah its a trade off, as the article mentions, against alienating a minority voting bloc in juries. In the US most relevantly black vs white jurors.

Juries will generally be majority white meaning the opinion of the black jurors would be discounted often.

Neither solution is ideal, and this topic interests me greatly, it seems very similar to the questions of fairness and bias in statistics / ML.
Apple's waiting to see if 5G implodes and is replaced by something else better or equivalent that doesn't cost the carriers nearly as much to deploy and maintain. It seems crazy to have to deploy 1-2 orders-of-magnitude more equipment just to provide coverage equivalent to gigabit 4G LTE, and having to deploy inside of buildings as well; it fails the common-sense "smell" test and I think it will be dead by 2024.
That's blowing my mind right now. First I thought people who can visualize to the point of actually seeing what they visualize were pretty rare. For me what I visualize takes place in a mental space: it's a clear mental image, not a literal visual image.

Have you always been able to do this, because you mention practising this skill? Also, does this only happen after focussing on something, or does it happen spontaneously when thinking? I imagine it would be pretty distracting if someone says for example, "don't think of scary thing X", and then the scary thing manifests visually for you because you are thinking about it.
Yup. One thing that I'm surprised to see hasn't happened already, but maybe has a better chance in QUIC than TLS 1.3 itself is making use of TLS 1.3 padding to exactly fill the MTU on typical 1500 byte (or so) links.

The TLS 1.3 on-wire format is weird because it needs to pass rusted-in-place TLS 1.2 only middleboxes. One of the convenient side effects is that you can add one or more bytes of padding "free". Any 1499 byte packet can be transformed into a 1500 byte packet just by adding one byte of padding whereas many naive formats couldn't do that.

So this means you could "right size" packets just before sending, so that you still send the same number of packets but they're always full, reducing the ability to distinguish their contents by length.

Signal does something more sophisticated to defeat this sort of analysis for its GIF support. The local client does two or more overlapping GETs. So maybe it needs a 14230 byte GIF but it fetches 8430 and 9401 bytes of data then throws some of it away to re-assemble the 14230 bytes needed, an adversary is left with too many possibilities. But it's probably a bit much to expect Netflix subscribers to pay extra for bandwidth just to defeat an adversary who wants to know how much of Tiger King they've seen.
Clarke and Dawe – European Debt Crisis
Thanks for clarifying. My lack of sleep may be affecting my critical thinking.
To run from a bad reputation

To expand in to a market that already has a well known company by that name

Hard to rank for it for search purposes

Brand is about a specific niche that you want to expand out of
This situation is just a special case, in which it's possible for the "good" thing to survive without being actively circulated. It may work for "gold as a store of value", because gold's value is based on scarcity and tradition. It doesn't work for other things. Gresham's law does boil to natural selection: if you iterate a system that selectively prefers one thing over the other, the preferred thing will survive. The preferred thing is usually one that's cheaper in some sense - monetary, energetically, or ethically.

(WRT. bitcoin, I don't think it's a case of "bad" fiat "driving out good" bitcoin, but more of bad bitcoin failing to compete with better fiat.)
just the ESXi hypervisor is free for non-production use.
You should note that most landlines have significantly more delay than they used to have 50 years ago.

All landlines now get digitised and packetized, and usually go over an IP network, frequently via the landline companies HQ hundreds of miles away, before heading back to your neighbours house who you were calling...

Data is the same - If I ping my next door neighbor, from my broadband connection to his, it goes via London (my ISP's headquarters) and Manchester (his ISP's headquarters) before coming back to him, with a round trip latency of >20ms. In sound terms, that delay is like him standing in the next room over.
The way static "streaming" video works is that you divide the video into a number of small segments--maybe every 10 seconds or every 2 seconds or something--and then encode each of those segments at various quality levels and store all of those files on HTTP servers. There is then a "manifest" file that lets the client learn what qualities are available and what their URLs will be for various timestamps. The client then just starts downloading chunks. If it is finding itself with free time, it starts downloading higher quality (larger) chunks in the future. If it isn't downloading them fast enough, it downloads lower quality (smaller) chunks in the future.

The issue then is that no matter what you do with the compression algorithms, the user is downloading these chunks and you can see the pattern of packets in one direction setting up requests and the packets in the other direction replying with the chunks and you can fingerprint what movie someone is watching. It isn't some kind of encoding issue, as the data is all encrypted: it is the entire concept of taking fixed length segments of a movie that will compress to some non-determinstic size. If you take the first two minutes of every Star Wars movie, divide each up into 10 second segments, and then compress those segments, the sequence of sizes of the segments will be pretty unique.

What is so great about this particular paper is that you don't even really need to analyze the TLS layer and try to pay close attention to really figure out the request/responses: they just fingerprint the TCP flow and that's sufficient, which in retrospect doesn't surprise me as what you are really looking for is some kind of rate of requests to responses for the chunks over the course of those first few minutes of watching the video, and don't really need to know for sure where the boundaries are: you have a long enough sequence and a small enough catalog (there aren't tens of millions or billions of videos on Netflix) to get a really strong fingerprint using just the relative rates.

To fix this you really need to either inject extra random traffic (such as extra packets to the server that break up the request rates) that adds so much noise that you can't figure out the signal "in time"--if it takes longer to fingerprint a movie than the length of a typical movie, that's "good enough"--or you need to destroy signal (which is a better description of what we do if the video segments are all the same size: at that point all movies are by definition the same sequence over and over again; if you then pad the length of every movie to the same 4 hour runtime and force the user to download all of the padded black video frames, you essentially 100% solve the problem ;P).
Is Network Marketing or MLM a real scam or not?
The Amish Health Care System
BackRub
also the same feeling when you hear an analogue record playing vs a digital recording.
A Ruby dev server doesn't need to be slow. Put some "craftsmanship" resources into making your dev tools tighter and your app less bloated with dependencies and startup steps.
Thanks for sharing! I've worked on similar applications - it's always cool to see other successful architectures.
> Here in Germany, as of today, many of the already few restrictions where lifted as well.

This is a misleading way to phrase (or perceive) it. Yes, most shops are open again under strict limitations. No restaurants, bars, churches, stadia, theaters, big shopping malls etc., even in the most permissive state (NRW). No gatherings even in private. At the same time, more and more German states are requiring citizens to wear masks for shopping and transportation. Travel within the country is subject to limitations. A few schools will now open to conduct final exams, but most schools and especially kindergartens will remain shut for months. With the R0 still close to 1 anything else would be madness.
Why would the size of the network possibly matter?... You do know that you can just filter the packets by IP address, right? ;P
Guide to Content-Based Recommendation Systems
To make people wonder how you are supposed to pronounce Vercel I guess.
Heidegger wrote Sein und Zeit and was a literal Nazi.
Its normally partipants with bad mics, headphones, AGC and the crappy audio support in windows.

I do a number of actual play games and it's the players trying to use the built in mics/headphones that have difficulty hearing the group conversations.

I use a high quality external sound card and don't have that problem - hangouts does seem to disconnect me when I don't speak for a while as my noise floor is so low
Show HN: Open-source collection of email tips and workflows
Sweden shows that view is wrong.
Challenges Kubernetes Users Face with Deployment
> The only realistic and honest way to assess overall impact is put a number on your total consumption. There are a million ways that can be skewed, but averages don't vary as much as you think - as an overall reality check, if you make and spend your $50K salary every year, that is going to be the order of magnitude of your environmental impact. Mostly, someone who consumes $500K worth of stuff is going to have 10x the impact, and someone who consumes $5K will have 1/10th the impact. How you spend it is second order.

I’d like to think it was this easy, but I don’t believe it is. A Manhattan apartment costs a million dollars or more, but that person can use public transport to get around. Someone in Arkansas lives in a suburb of Little Rock and drives 30 miles to work one way every day in a pickup truck they don’t need and uses fuel costing $1 per gallon or less. And their house cost $200k.

I wouldn’t be able to say the person in Manhattan is causing an order more environmental impact, especially when our world doesn’t price in externalities of fuel use at all for most of the population.
This is also partially the fault of the operating system companies for not making native development as easy and portable as it should be.

Things like SwiftUI and the upcoming "clips" (or whatever the iOS/Android "partial/temporary apps" tech is going to be called) are a step in a good direction.
NY metro is a very real mess. Were it a uniform mess it had been already modernized, automated and in general de-messed.

NYC suffers from the fact that it's currently in a local minima and no one wants to put up the insane amounts of money that would be needed to modernize the system. Sure, some parts are getting modernized, but it just means you'll have the same mismatch of various parts in a big ball of track.

(The "tragedy of the anticommons" - https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2019/11/29/penn-stati... )
Bitcoin Cash-powered message system promises unbreakable encryption
You will survive and thrive in the remote era; that said, make a note of the areas for which screen readers lack coverage (i.e., BIOS screens, stack traces and the like) so that you can work around or call out a need for said tools.

Good luck, and do reach out if you need anything; PVL is real and more people suffer from it than you'd realize at face value.
The attack is known from VoIP systems: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321888273_Classific...

Adapting the research to other non-CBR streams doesn't sound far-fetched.
The Grim Truth About the “Swedish Model”
Pretty neat project and great presentation, starred!

You could reduce the distributed CSS version even more if you used the gradient definition only once, it's always the same.

background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, currentColor 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 75%, currentColor 75%, currentColor), repeating-linear-gradient(45deg, currentColor 25%, transparent 25%, transparent 75%, currentColor 75%, currentColor);

With class composition it's easy:

.pattern-checks.xl {
background-position: 0 0, 100px 100px;
background-size: calc(2 * 100px) calc(2 * 100px);
}

But if you added a copy-paste ready snippet to the landing page, that would be great too.
Thinking with Principles
> I feel it really boils down to the preferences and approach to the programming.

That's it right there! With Go you have to get over this idea that _your_ preference has any place in Go code. Go was designed to be inflexible in style and immune to preference from the start. For those new to Go, if they can't get over that hump then it's really hard not to be frustrated with the language.
Given the direct quote

“Since my professional goal is for someone to build a quantum computer, I think my resignation is the best course of action for everyone,”

The way I interpret this is that Quantum computing is just some pipe dream that Google isn’t taking seriously. This man intends to build a real device and either he doesn’t have faith Google will allow him to make one or has any intentions of making one.

+1 for the Google Graveyard
Yeah it's touching 2k USD without RAM / storage or OS. I don't know if many homelabbers are going to buy that just for the form factor. Building a small box with 8-C Ryzen would be an interesting exercise.
My personal opinion is that every great company can have one re-brand in their lifetime, and many have. To name a few: BackRub, Cadabra, Doorbot, Justin.tv
So much this. I began a configuration program for a desktop app recently, and it's taking months of spare time to get even a rudimentary UI with Qt. Electron or Qtwebview would probably only take a few hours for a web dev like myself.

All that said desktop development is an interesting challenge, if sometimes maddening.
Total Covid-19 Mortality in Italy: Excess Mortality and Age Dependence [pdf]
This comment ought to suck less. This is baseless criticism of a cool new project someone was brave enough to build and put out there, with a free software license no less.

Nothing about an ethos for simple software suggests a lack of CJK support. Nothing on this page suggests a lack of CJK support - in fact, the explicit reference to UTF-8 suggests the opposite.
TLDR: silent hypoxia - meaning that their blood oxygen level is low.

But people don't notice it yet, because CO2 levels are not building up as they would with "normal" breathing problems.

I like that they included saturation numbers so that those of us who have oxymeters (e.g. from skydiving) can self-check.
> if anyone needs a Ruby/Rails implementation of spaced-repetition algorithm

I noticed that at the root of the repository the license is specified as Creative Commons, requiring attribution and disallowing commercial use or derivatives, so not really anyone anyone ;)

Doesn’t prevent somebody writing a SRS library in another language from taking your implementation as a good reference point, though. Thank you for sharing!
Understanding the relationship between Emotet, Ryuk and TrickBot
Louisiana got rid of their non-unanimous jury law a couple of years ago. Oregon was the last state with such laws as of yesterday's Supreme Court opinion.
The real test if a decent VC or phone system is you can sing a song with the other person, and neither think they're out of sync.

No modern system allows that. Some old ones (analogue TV) did.
You can defeat this for VoIP by using a codec in CBR (Constant Bitrate) mode. You should look for this feature in secure audio software.

Unfortunately for video CBR is generally thought to be too expensive to be acceptable. 50kbps CBR Opus wastes 22Mbytes of data in an hour if you're silent compared to a good VBR codec. A small price to pay for improved security. But a CBR Netflix encoding might move several gigabytes per hour of extra data compared to a visually similar VBR encoding, and that's going to really hurt both Netflix and quota restricted customers.
Huh, why? If you have the same private key on your devices, you can do E2E encryption on the same conversation on multiple devices, no?
There are various types of rebranding that may or may not involve renaming. However, with respect to renaming specifically, it often also comes about because your company name now bears no relationship to what you actually do.

To take a random example from a past life, NL Industries used to be the Nation Lead Company but, while they still have some involvement in pigments, they don't actually do anything related to lead any more AFAIK. (This is a major reason companies switch from a descriptive name to just some letters.)
Ask HN: Why would someone look for a female CEO?
I just got an email from someone looking for a female CEO. I'm not female, so I don't understand why I got contacted in the first place, but it made me really curious:

What is the reason that someone would specifically be looking for a female CEO? Is this normal in the US? Isn't this the same as someone looking for an [insert race here] CEO? It this even legal?

I'm sorry if this questions comes off as offensive or naive, I know it's a sensitive topic in the US, but I truly don't understand.
The problems with hard wrapping email body text
> Find a small niche of people you can satisfy with earnestly good quality content.

To do that, you need to find what's the online place(s) where they meet (forums, FB groups, subreddit, blogs...) or even create one yourself
> That's exactly what it seems you are doing, repeatedly, on this page.

I don't think that's the case. My answers are not snarky.

My overall points is that the internet as a platform, as a means of communications, has a tendency to promote heated, emotional conversations. In contract to rational, logical debates that reach conclusions of a sort.

I think this is because the internet is primarily a visual medium. By that I mean it that information is portrayed and accompanied by pictures over text. In addition to that, it is a high speed medium. This has the consequence of leaving little time for processing information.

The comparison I hold in my mind is a video essay vs. an article or books. An article is just text, there is little to attract your attention other than that (maybe the typeset matters). But a video essay provides a series of shots, that constantly change to draw your attention, the persons appearance, or the images displayed all factor into how you feel, rather than just the information.

DISCLAIMER: Trolling is bad!
The problem is relying on FB as the arbiter of truth. Ideas that sounded insane a few weeks back, and might have been censored for the sake of the confused masses, like the possibility the virus escaped from a bio-lab or that masks really help, are now respectable. FB, Google, Twitter, etc, will, by default, protect the status quo, the safe, consensual views, and censor anything else. This is very dangerous.
U.S. oil’s June contract tumbles 25% to around 21-year low
To expand on this, legislators aren't exactly known for their higher order conflict resolution strategies when lawmaking, and the "politician's fallacy" is called what it is for a reason. I was highly skeptical of their proposal from the get go simply because there wasn't anything preventing "large" players from attaining leverage other than their own sensibilities. Something which sadly is a bit fraught in the historical sense.
Don't post everything mindlessly by following the latest trends. Instead, focus on a niche you're good at, a topic that interests you and you have the experience, and you will get dedicated followers who want to follow that topic.
Latency is one issue, audio quality is, I suspect, another. Most VoIP applications have this characteristic "hyper-compressed" sound to them that I find tiresome in and of itself — sort of the same way that I find shopping mall-style lighting exhausting.
Electron is the future. Why? Developers would rather spend more of your computer's time (and other resources) than their own time. And most end users -- e.g., people who work in a Slack-based business and so NEED the Slack app -- consider the tradeoff worth it.
IIRC netflix mostly use AWS these days. So checking IPs will just check for anything AWS hosted.
We also have the tradition of jury nullification in the US where jurors are free to acquit if they feel as though the law itself is unjust. Professional jurors would no doubt shy away from that because their employment depends on the government. In addition, in the US, jurors don't make decisions on the law, just the facts.
Lot of mental gymnastics in this thread to defend some godawful AI.
That's an excellent example to show why statistical NLP outperforms discrete parsing using logical rules. That A1 and A2 means the same is something that is clear to us from the context. This is something a continuous vector space model can capture and a discrete rules based model cannot.
It's up to you how you are using the tools.
I use instagram to share the photos I took. Some people like them.
Not liking social media is not yet on the level if "I do not read books" smug superiority, but getting there.
Believe it or not there are things that are good on social media. Even on FB.
E. g. in my country a grassroot initiative to help medics with PPE started by a celebrity raised more than two million euros in a month and purchased and distributed lots of so needed equipment.

And, if you dislike social media that much, maybe you should not comment on HN either.
the Windows ESXi client has been EOL for a while now and is not supported by current versions. It's all managed through the web or the esxcli commands now.
I think this is one of those situations where statistics can't be applied because if you can't guarantee a 0% false positive rate, even one person being convicted wrongly can't be tolerated. It's not a question of which statistical measurement is better but which approach society is willig to accept.
Is your job stimulating or boring? I have a hard time expending energy learning to play games to solve fake problems, when I could be using that energy to solve real problems, including, as you note, my health. Also, raising my kids.
I think my chances of getting a job might actually go down if I impress them too much with my peerless shortcut knowledge.
yeah with a targeted attack. but I've meant big scale monitoring which person watches what.

also eme basically solves this on the audo and video side. (maybe not the best solution tough)
It is really interesting since this is one of these parameters one can check easily and cheap (OXI meters are around 100 euro). And they're still available ATM.
Why is there a racial functional difference between jurors in your mind? Why should black people be judged by black people only?
That is one of the reasons not to have professional juries (I don't think England ever had them but I see it come up once in a while). If you have a random jury you don't have enough time to gather dirt on everyone so you don't really know how to intimidate which ever one you happen to get. With a professional jury (or judge but there are other reasons to have professional judges) you know who to look at long before you are caught and so you can figure out what blackmail might work and have it ready when you need it.

Juries are often sequestered meaning that by the time you figure out what to try you can't get at them.

Of course none of the above is perfect. You can get around them if you put in enough effort. Which is why it is a tradeoff as others have said.
I can also recommend Satisfactory. Similar game with more immersion through 3d world.
Guide to Attaining Proficiency in Vuejs
Play Satisfactory then.