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Thanks for the learned response!

I just did some research, and https://stackoverflow.com/a/367662/590534 has a good overview over undefined behaviour on the syntax level.

Oh, I don't doubt that the standard authors were smart, and worked within the constraints that were prevalent at the time. Their justified genesis doesn't make the outcomes less bizarre.

(And especially for C++, most of the later features are essentially workaround for bad ideas they had earlier.)

For the running example about unclosed string literals, I wonder why they didn't make it at least implementation defined behaviour instead?

The standards also seem a bit split in their purpose: on the one hand, they often try to codify existing behaviour. On the other hand, they often introduce new features that take compilers years to implement. (That probably applies more to C++ than C.)

With the benefit of hindsight, lots of problems could have been avoided if C had come with a module system a bit more sophisticated than automated copy-and-paste of include files via the preprocessor.

GCC has lots of flags to give you slightly different dialects of C. The Linux kernel for example tells GCC to never elide null pointer checks and to let signed integers overflow.

Haskell also has different dialects, but in addition to compiler flags, you can also specify which variant of the language you are using via pragmas at the top of your file. In most cases, you can mix and match modules written in different dialects; because they get translated to a more stable intermediate representation before they are combined.

C doesn't have that luxury with its include files.

For C++, there's a long running proposal to add modules to the language. But from all I've read, thanks to all the other complicated features in the language, modules are unlikely to work well for C++. (I'm mostly basing that on https://vector-of-bool.github.io/2019/01/27/modules-doa.html )

Enough ranting. Summary: I agree that the standard authors make the best effort given the situation. Doesn't make the languages more sensible, though.
Came here excited to see an operational spreadsheet program on Shakti ( https://shakti.org.in/ ) :)

More excited to discover ShaktiDB!

Curious to know how this relates to kona! [ https://github.com/kevinlawler/kona ]
Glad I could get you a bit more interested in this kind of approach. Your summary makes sense to me, though admittedly it is damn hard to reason about the security of these things correctly. Getting the client to do the hard work really is an added bonus, now that you mention.

I think this is an exciting field of research - if in practice little more than a curiosity at this time -, and I expect great results to come out of it in the near future.
> Because to me, the consumer, I can't think of a single time automation replacing humans has been better.

Let me mention one then: ATMs.
What's your point? Are you saying that TikTok having these guidelines is okay?

(I work at IG, but not on Explore)
How many people are 4.5% of the Internet though? Would you close a project because it only has a couple hundred million daily users? Would you cal it a failure?
One of the first articles that I read mentioned the use of autoclaves, essentially steamers used for sterilizing surgical tools, etc. I think it was a NIOSH article. These are already in use in hospitals.

That led me to the article I linked about using microwaves. Microwave ovens excite water molecules to cook and the creation of steam from the cooking process should kill the pathogens.

I have family members who need some protection from this threat and that is why I went down this rabbit hole in the first place.

Based on everything I read I am comfortable concluding that masks can be reused if they are sanitized by microwaving with a small amount of water to create steam.

The methods tested in the paper appear to show effectiveness that maintains N95 rating and kills pathogens in the process.

I am not a doctor and in fact I spend too much of my time trying to avoid ever seeing one.

Perhaps you or someone else out there can recreate these tests or conduct similar tests to determine whether this is viable.
Don’t forget robots in China
Seems to be a bit thick for a case at 1cm thickness [1] + it would probably need a screen protector itself.

1- https://i.imgur.com/dY1YHkU.png
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The standard could mark that behaviour as implementation defined instead of undefined.

But it's really a non-issue: compilers like GCC don't claim to be standards compliant in all modes and with any combination of options. They are happy enough to have some combination of command line options that make them behave according to a specified standard.
That may be true, but a lot of legit business was based around and on LB. A lot of good, honest people that would go down with it. How many of the people involved were really reaping the benefits and making the shots? We are in a similar scenario now. A few people made the wrong calls and did nothing to contain the disease. A lot of people will suffer. Why should we care this time?
https://puri.sm/posts/lockdown-mode-on-the-librem-5-beyond-h... might be worth trying?
key take aways

Default is to wear a mask in public

Body temperature is is often checked when you enter a building

Frequent hand washing and use of hand sanitizer.

Frequent cleaning of door handles/knobs and other common shared contact services.

Many events, large and small cancelled.

Schools, parks, museums all closed.

Closing paragraph:

"what I learned in Hong Kong is that the small acts add up. Fatality rates are higher in countries that don’t take as many measures to contain the virus. The closures of large events aren’t a sign of doom. They shift our lives but show we’re doing something to contain this. As strange as things are right now, life adjusts and finds a new normal — and it’s the least we can do for those around us."
> but it can't manage pressures during the other phases of ventilation (which are equally, or even more, important).

Can you please elaborate on this? What pressures and what phases are involved?
The author explicitly calls for help and input from people to make it more functional and easier to built. Maybe your concerns can be addressable and they would be helpful.
In Italy doctors have to pick who to connect ventilators as they don't have enough number of them. This thing has the potential to save at least 1 more patient if not thousands.
Let me be more precise: "how is github's app [existence] different than e.g. airbnb's?".

The grandparent asked a question, my point is that you could replace "github" with any other company that keeps both a web app and a mobile app:

> > Could someone explain to me why would someone use GitHub on their phones rather than on a desktop computer?
The wet markets have already been banned, the thing to exert pressure on now is proper enforcement.
No it's not. You just FEEL different about this.
Indeed, every new crisis shows just how fragile the EU is. It's great that Europeans can travel from country to country, live and work in whichever member state they want, and can use the same currency, but the second there's a serious crisis, it's every member state for itself.
I think it makes sense to insulate systems that respond to the issue differently.

Another example is the EU, I think. EU is not like the USA and the countries are sovereign, therefore they have very different approaches to combat the same issue so they close borders even within the union while the US states are co-ordinated from the DC so they are in the same boat and can keep the flow going.
Many governments already track and save all communication in a big graph database - in order to know who communicates with whom - so they can find "terrorists". It's just that in some places "terrorist" means people, journalists, etc, that oppose the corrupt government.
So the government already know who communicates with who. And now they also want to feed everyone's location to that database, so they can know everyone who has ever met with or talked to a "terrorist". Where I live you can be sentences to wear a tracking device instead of a prison sentence. Now everyone will be prisoners.
Read up on DeMorgan’s law.
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great job. 25 seconds wasted.
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Sure, the line is blurry. But so are so many other lines and we can't simply peer into one's mind and see things. Fatigue is a symptom of at least a few autoimmune disorders, but that line is definitely fuzzy and we can't really tell if someone is faking or not.

Body dysorphic disorder is a real thing (probably spelled incorrectly). There are people out there that feel like their limb isn't theirs - it is alien - and go to great lengths to stop it. Some folks spend lots of time and money hiding "flaws" (like their nose), even when they cannot really afford the costs every month, and avoid dating and going out because of these things. Just because it isn't a specific disorder doesn't mean the people are healthy.

And then there is another category altogether: Folks that have had accidents of different sorts. Sure, facial scars from burns or a disfigured nose might not actually cause a psychological disorder and it might not make things physically difficult, but damn it is hard to argue that fixing these things (when possible) wouldn't improve one's quality of life.
> In Italy doctors have to pick who to connect ventilators

I've read that this was exaggerated by the media. A doctor said that they _may at some point have to_ pick whom to treat, which the press has interpreted as them writing death warrants to those over 80.
Yes, it's neat in the sense of seamless (privacy violation) integration.
No placebo for the control group? no double-blind?

C'mon guys ... these kind of crisis are where strict scientific discipline is the most needed, because the risk of rushing to a false conclusion is higher.

"but we don't have time, so we'll take whatever that seems to work" would be a valid argument if Chloroquine had zero negative side-effects. Which isn't the case.
That is incorrect. The US, UK, and others were taking a mitigation strategy until the last couple of days; the change wasn't driven by delayed blind copying of China, but by this analysis, which was shared with governments as a WIP before being published:

https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/s...

There may be legitimate criticism of the broad policy approach, but “blindly following China” isn't one of them.
nim ? https://nim-lang.org/
`all(x + y) = all(x) and all(y)` even when `x, y` can be the empty list.
True, but the monetization of intellectual property only peripherally involves physical objects.
Across 100M people that's a cool trillion dollars.
Can you explain why a P100 would be worse than N95?
I'm suprised, I mean normally people themselves are already quite capable of following and watching only the most gifted, beautiful and talented individuals, or at least the ones that appear so. All to feel a little bit worse about themselves every day.

I don't understand why you would need to actively encourage this, I don't believe Twitter would ever have people with “Abnormal body shape,” “ugly facial looks,” dwarfism, and “obvious beer belly,” “too many wrinkles,” “eye disorders,” and many other “low quality” features trending.
Exactly, push right instead of pull. But it would require the systems to be designed in such a way that the user has ownership of the data they produce. GDPR should have solved that. Google location services have a complete history but it is not something I can download and share with a 3rd party which would in theory simply scan for possible encounters with infected people. We need to design systems that are interoperable, if a system is collecting data I produce, I should be able to retrieve that data at the click of a button, and share them to another service if I wish so.
Cellular triangulation is not sufficiently accurate for that. GPS signal has the same problem, and is often not available inside.
Nintendo and Android use Vulkan.
Windows supports it as well (along opengl and directX) so it's a bit more than just Linux (which powers Stadia and will likely power most Stadia-clones in the future).

This pretty much only leaves out macOS and iOS, for which a Vulkan compatibility layer exists anyways.
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Don't say it too loud, but I hear it also kills humans.
I think of it as: the minimum of an empty set is +inf as the min of a union must be the min of the mins. Similarly, the max of empty must be -inf.
I use screencast-o-matic, because it is so easy to use and very affordable, to make videos that I upload to Youtube. I have a dynamic microphone, Audio-Technica ATR2100-USB, which has been working well for years.

https://screencast-o-matic.com/tutorial/welcome-to-screencas...
That's one way to look at it, I suppose. Lots of software that's for sale also only exists because of open source work that the creators released for free. Some of it is probably even used in the movie industry.

I'm not against making a profit and it doesn't look like the movie industry has any trouble doing that.

Entitlement has nothing to do with it. I don't believe that the movie industry owes me anything. It's just that this option exists and when they make it harder (or in some cases impossible) to pay for something than it is to get it for free, what do you think is going to happen?

Suppose each grocery story required everyone who entered to submit to a body cavity search and complete an application detailing their entire credit history before anyone was allowed to shop at the store. Meanwhile, Fat Tony has some groceries that "fell off a truck" that anyone can walk up and buy. Who are people going to shop at? Again, I'm not saying it's right. I'm just saying, what do you think is going to happen when you make it harder for people to buy your stuff than it is to steal it?

Your options are

1. make it harder to steal - which doesn't really work for digital works. This is the industry's main strategy.

2. make it easier to buy. The music industry seems to have figured this out and it's no longer worth pirating compared to simply subscribing to Spotify. Once they felt that the only way anyone should get their music is by paying $20 for a CD (which was really a price-fixing cartel but that's neither here nor there). They had to come to terms with the fact that nobody is going to pay whatever fantasy price they think they can charge when it can be had for free and the movie industry is going to have to learn the same lesson.
Probably much the same. Perhaps with so many startups it will be harder to build a team of superlatively talented engineers. However, very few products since then have had the same level of ground-breaking vision. Maybe there are very few Steve Jobs-like people out there.
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"productivity of GC" is often offset by much harder management of resources other than memory due to lack of deterministic destruction.

Also benchmarks show Swift and C# are still about 2x-5x slower than Rust and C++, and that only if you're very careful and you write non-idiomatic code (e.g by avoiding heap allocations). When you're not, and you use OOP abstractions heavily, 10x worse is a much more likely outcome.
naming things is hard.

I now have this mental image of the author sat there for three hours trying to come up with a name, and then just exploding with "fuckit! I don't care what it's called! It doesn't matter. I was sat in an armchair when I thought of it, so armchair it is! If they can have strange quarks, I can have armchairs"
That stuff is usually done custom order first, for an individual setup, and remaining stock is sold on open market.

So if somebody needs some odd port setup, it's then carried on to boards sold on mass market.

Taiwanese used that "dual track" trick for a long time. Have B2B clients pay for RnD, and tooling, and then make money for free on it in OEM side of your business.
And that's what's happening in practice for some features.

GCC has a ton of options, and only a few of the myriad combinations give you a compiler that behaves strictly according to one of the C standards. And that's just fine.

In fact, compiler vendors experimenting, even in ways that are not allowed by the standard, is one of the main avenues to come up with new ideas for how to evolve the standard.

In fact, minor variations on semantics that are not allowed under the standard are probably more in spirit with C, than eg feeding the whole source file to a Python interpreter, if there's any string literal anywhere in the file that's not closed on the same line.

The former violates the standard, the latter complies.
I agree but it's also the most compelling fantasy in human history.
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Belive me - it's not. There are not that many countries that have better health systems. I'm not saying yours is good, but the majority of them suck. If you look at the countries that have "better" systems, then try looking holistically. All of them are pretty much in a state of constant stagnation. They just suck up technological advancements from the US and most of theri effort goes to keeping those oveblown social utopias. In the mean time they still have to rely on cheap labor from overboard, often times completely uninsured.
The standard could have still made that situation a syntax error, or at least implementation defined behaviour.
De Morgan's law isn't the right one for this. You want the identity ∀x.P(x) ⟺ ¬∃x.¬P(x).

∀x.P(x) is obviously true when the universe is empty -- no counterexamples exist. ∃x.P(x) is obviously not true in that case -- no examples exist.
lol when people forget the original intent behind words
I wasn't thinking of those, but they would be good examples as well.

They could be declared implementation defined behaviour without sacrificing any flexibility.
S3+CF static hosting has a great interface, they just wrapped it in nice UI and called it Amplify Console.
I agree that at current state almost all physical self-service systems suck. Royally. The only exceptions I can think of are petrol pumps, ATMs (please read on), and to a certain extent, ticket kiosks.

I would claim that ATMs are in fact a prime example of successful automation. For anything non-mundane you still need to go talk to a human, but that's the point: ATMs have removed the need to involve a human bottleneck for a bulk quantity of an extremely mundane task: withdrawing cash. I am old enough to remember when you had to go to the bank for that too.

This hits the nail on the head, though:

> The problem arises when anything requiring the least bit of thinking is attempted to be automated.

Humans are capable of judgment calls.[ß] Computers do exactly what you tell them to do, which is not necessarily what you want them to do.

ß: environments where humans are forbidden from making judgment calls are called bureaucracies.
The wisdom of this course of action depends on whether that something else produces better outcomes.
No, Firefox was off lost in the weeds and being useless at the time. I remember it well. Chrome was necessary to stop IE, utter piece of crap that it was, from dominating the world.
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>> all means "all in the array are true"

> all: "there is none in the array that is false"

You... are aware that those statements are exactly the same, right?
Or you make a database of "allowed DNA" in food.

Anything that isn't on the allowed list isn't allowed as food. Then if any new virus infects your herd of beef, you can't sell it anymore. That's a strong incentive to keep your herd isolated and not hunt random wild animals.
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A lesser known limitation of S3 is that it does not have Read-After-Write consistency for overwriting PUTS & DELETE operations. Netflix has reported observing consistency taking hours for outliers. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/Introduction...
But what makes the sequence of bits for the input and output informative? The transformation doesn't do that.
Great positive support!

Nitpick: The official information is clear, simple and plenty, albeit indeed primarily in German language:
https://www.infektionsschutz.de/coronavirus-sars-cov-2.html

This is advertised in social media anywhere.

Your site (link?) presumably links to the English documents there as they are updated regularly?
If it stinks everywhere you go maybe it's time to look under your shoe.

Dude is some anime fan and boss told him to make a video demonstrating photos so why not take a pic of his anime figure? You're overreacting to say the least.
> The problem with the post-national view is that it has to be a consensus view globally. It's a classic prisoner's dilemma.

We can and are doing this at a much smaller scale. We have trade organizations that mediates disputes. And the US has been successfully pushing variants of the DMCA everywhere.

A sovereign country could decide that copyright is no more (within its borders), but no developed country has done it.
Most countries probably pay more in copyright royalties to other countries than they get in return.

Isn't copyright also a prisoners dilemma?
On a unix like computer it should be fairly simple to pipe the audio streem via a filter before sending it to a loopback device.
This is way more nuanced than chess though. You can be smart for shareholders and still be dumb. The further he goes into the robotic visionary the more unlikable he, and Tesla, becomes. That can wreck a company that is so reliant upon a loyal following that bought the cool factor and brand. It can easily vaporize. And we have a major event that is not good for Tesla's demographics. A lot of people had no business buying Tesla's during more confident times. Competition has increased. Cool factor dwindling with so many on the road. These pressures will test them without the right leadership.

Cheap money will certainly help though.
They're not. In fact, that's what this entire article is about.
Your claim is perhaps a bit too strong?

Petrol is certainly a vital good. Yet, my example shows that Canadian laissez faire prevented queues seen in America.

Same applies for eg post WWII rationing of food in Britain, France and Germany. As countries the rationing and price controls, they solved the very food shortages that these measures were trying to alleviate. See eg https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GermanEconomicMiracle.ht...
Any form of restriction on movement will slow the spread and flatten the curve a little bit.
N95 doesn't "stop" COVID19 other unless you wear it over your eyes too.
Thanks for the links.

I read the first one in detail, and it's not Google Maps, but worse, it's cell phone location data for all phones, for up to a decade, probably more, in a database called SensorVault. So it can be used as a global surveillance database.

This is not surprising, since data companies always have a database like this, but we should have privacy laws in place to limit retention time and access.

Source: DBA.
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Hence my addition of the important qualifier of 'incompetent'.

In any case, the medical system itself provides a lot of examples of regulation driving prices in most cases.

Less regulated subsectors like Lasik eye surgery, or elective dental work, or cosmetic surgery, generally improved in quality and dropped in price in the last few decades.

(Another thing to investigate for me would be vet care. The technologies involved are similar enough; but the legal environments are radically different in most jurisdictions. If memory serves right, the evidence was mixed.)
While you can probably also find people like car mechanics that wonder why people think changing a V-belt is so complicated, this type of arrogance seems to be more prevalent among programmers.