skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Yes, relational algebra isn't a pointer machine. I was trying to give a mental image of what is going on—the resolution or lack thereof of tuples in a tuple-space.

Let me try another analogy, that might suit you better: if you think of each row-tuple in a relation in SQL as an asserted "fact" in a logic knowledge-base, e.g.

INSERT INTO parents VALUES ('x', 'y')

equates to the logical assertion:

parents('x', 'y').

...then a NULL result in SQL is the equivalent of asking your theorem-prover to look at this knowledge-base and deduce the truth-state of other fact you never told it anything about, e.g.:

?- parents('a', 'b').

...and getting back "unsat" — meaning that the theorem-prover couldn't prove your assertion true or false.

A theorem prover has the option to answer any question as Satisfied (Result) | Unsatisfied. This is what I meant by saying "a pointer to a result set, or a lack thereof." NULL is when you don't have such a pointer—which is why it's called NULL, by analogy to the DBMS's C implementation where the rowset pointer itself is likely set to be the pointer sentinel value ("NULL" or 0), rather than set to point to an empty rowset. The name NULL probably ended up in SQL after "bubbling up" from the implementations of the DBMS engines in this way.

The Weird Thing About SQL is that the grammar is phrased in terms of individual rows, whereas the query-planning occurs in terms of relations. So, when doing joins, you need a way to talk about what maps to "a join of a populated relation to an unpopulated relation", which in terms of individual rows, necessarily translates to "a real row-tuple value on one side of the join, along with some scalar sentinel row-tuple value [NULL] on the other side, standing in for 'a member of' the empty result-set."

That's the core semantics of NULL in SQL—to give you a 'scalar handle onto' the fact that there's no row on the other side of a join. That's where NULLs "come from", if you don't introduce them yourself (i.e. if you never make any of the columns in your tables nullable.) And so those semantics must be what you look at when figuring out what NULL "means." In joins, NULL doesn't quite mean "missing" or "unknown", but rather a combination of the two; it means "unsatisfied", just like in the theorem prover; it means that the query-planner has not yet been told enough to resolve your query fully.

(Yes, you can model an ingestion semantics where any row-tuple value that's not "in" a table, means that whatever predicate is represented by the presence of a value in the table should be considered to resolve false in the relation—but that's not really how SQL query-planning sees the world. It thinks of rows it doesn't have as "nobody bothered to tell me this yet"—unsatisfied—rather than "explicitly missing"—false. If you want false-ness semantics in SQL, it'd probably be better to define a view that generates rows with zero-values/false-values where the underlying table doesn't have values, and join to that instead.)
Going after the registrar is unnecessary to stop this sort of behavior, nothing would stop a scammer from creating www.facebook.route34.com/login

People are getting accustomed to complex URL parameters they don’t understand. I doubt most people are paying attention. In a few years we might start seeing web browsers without the URL bar.
The only thing that Google is significantly better at than google in location based searches in the UK i.e. local businesses. DDG map search is wrong for me about 50% of the time.

Everything else is pretty much the same as google or better in some cases (google seems to de-rank certain things). The code snippets when just quickly searching "How do I do <X> in <programming language L>" is quite nice.
Perhaps you were unemployed as well. I had (have, actually) a job, but due to absolutely hilarious (in hindsight of course) circumstances had to spend most of my money on a room I got via AirBnB.

I even started a technical blog:

https://wringing.it/

But I may not be poor enough anymore to continue writing it.
Indeed, been using DDG for a couple of years now, and since Google's redesign I've been using a lot less "!g".
No, like other people have said that's ketoacidosis. Both involve some ketones, but one is healthy and natural(ketosis) the other is very bad and you should talk to your doctor about it (or he is most likely the one to find it) that is ketoacidosis.
They don't seem to concerned about lawsuits, considering the advantages their own apps get on the platform.

They seem to enforce the guidelines purely based on politics (whether the publisher has friends at Apple and how important the app is to the ecosystem).

I do wish they'd be legally bound to treat everyone the same way (EU?).
Today I was trying to find info about Corpus Christi - a Polish film that won some awards lately. DDG gives me information about a place in Texas, including stuff from the local newspaper and attractions. I'm searching from a Poland IP btw. Anyway, the actual film was at the very end of the first page of results for me.

It certainly feels like it priotises things weirdly.

Google Maps has a similar issue though: plenty of US placenames are just stolen from European places and oftentimes I'll be trying to get directions to a nearby town and instead it'll navigate to someplace in Alabama instead. Strangely enough, not where I want to go...
Do you have United Kingdom toggled on?
Well, given that UBI studies have been promising so far (despite their limitations), there seems to be a decent chance that quite a lot of multi-generational poverty is primarily caused by... multi-generational poverty, meaning it's a self-reinforcing cycle that's difficult for people to escape. Or in other words: when you're broke, it's really hard to build wealth, so you're likely to stay broke.

Perhaps it's an over-simplification, or perhaps a lot of people have been over-complicating the problem, particularly when they're trying to prop up a pet political bias.

If we implement UBI on a large scale and it drastically increases upward mobility, I suppose this hypothesis will be more or less proven. I hope that day comes sooner rather than later so we can find out.
How We Acquired HEY.com
Electricity generation using quantum dots in glass
there was that one dude who went on a year plus water fast and lost like 300 lbs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Barbieri%27s_fast
We have lots of hard documentation about how they filter and select for what to store from the internet traffic. Nobody has ever asserted that they store 100% of internet traffic.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XKeyscore#Workings

https://daserste.ndr.de/panorama/xkeyscorerules100.txt

https://www.wired.com/2014/07/nsa-targets-users-of-privacy-s...

https://www.theverge.com/2013/7/31/4574532/xkeyscore-data-tr...

https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/07/31/prism_put_in_the_sh...

> The cover has been blown on an NSA program which collects data on “nearly everything a user does on the internet” even as the debate rages over the secretive US agency's mass surveillance of innocent people.

> The XKeyscore program covers emails, social media activity and browsing history

That's more than enough to store emails, unencrypted chats/messaging, gsm and voip phone records (metadata, and voice where available), GSM HLRs, and SMSs for all time; that's also the lower bound. Presently I'm sure it's expanded to parse and store as much metadata as possible that's ingested/processed by private data brokers as well, which as we now know are receiving copies of timestamped, precise GSM location data from many consumer apps.

https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/07/a-dozen-popular-iphone-app...

That original capacity estimate ranges up to 12EB and also was dated 2013; I would anticipate it to be at least 2-3x that by now, to be more like in the 10-40EB range.
How does working out at a high intensity work when in a state of Ketosis? I lift weights and/or do HIIT 5x per week and occasionally add running on top of that. I've always been weary of going low carb or trying a keto diet because I feel like I just won't have the energy to continue my training regimen at its current intensity. The typical advice is to eat your allocated carbs 1-2 hours prior to your workout, however I feel like by not getting the right amount of carbs post-workout I'm basically wasting my time in the gym at best, and at worst asking for an injury due to not being able to recover completely in time for the next workout.

Thoughts?
It's Lent, so I just searched for "Fish Tacos" and clicked on Map. It showed four places, none of which are anywhere near me. I click on Directions and it takes me to Bing.

Do the same thing on Google, see a dozen places in my neighborhood, and I get Google Maps navigation.

What do you get in your searches for Fish Tacos? Do you have a better experience with DDG?
I've used my FreeNAS with the same USB drive for a few years now, so seems to be fine. Most activity is against the system dataset (which is on my RAID-Z), no?
I have always had very normal cholesterol numbers. It gives you a better HDL (good chol) to LDL(bad chol, maybe) ratio and is good for lowering triglycerides (definitely bad chol) which is the worst type of cholesterol. Your information is not true and is a common misconception about the diet.
Signal doesn't know who sent most messages between friends.

Signal users have a "profile" which is encrypted, and their device can give the keys to other people. By default it'll give keys to Contacts you message on Signal, and this encrypted profile has more keys and tokens inside it that people can use to send you stuff. So when you send a Signal message to your friend Alice, what Signal sees is that somebody sent this encrypted message, which comes with a token proving Alice authorised somebody to send her a message.

Alice's device decrypts the message, and in doing so it decrypts a MAC which it can then examine to prove that this is a message from zeveb (or Alice has faked a message to herself but like, why?). Signal never learns who you were in this process.

So, if you use Signal to communicate with strangers and they haven't overridden the defaults (you can say you love strangers and don't mind spam, in which case this Sealed Sender technology works for anybody sending you messages) they would if they wanted to be able to figure out this relationship, and then monetize it. They explicitly promise not to, but I guess if you want to you could believe that Signal is the problem and we shouldn't worry about Facebook.

I definitely have a bridge for sale you should enquire about, also that big iron tower in France? I can get you a good deal on the scrap.
I just registered a domain with namecheap a few weeks ago and it definitely came up as something they didn't want to give me. It was close to another trademark name. I had to agree to accept the risk. I looked it up, and they are in a different business (and the names are really that close to a human, just to an algorithm). So I accepted the risk.

So FB can't claim they ignore this stuff. They seem to be making a good-faith effort to prevent this kind of fraud.
Handshake Airdrop for Active GitHub Users (~$1500 in Current Value)
Ask HN: Best Way to Discover Newsletters?
I often discover interesting newsletters by seeing other people tweet about them, mention them in a podcast or even link to them from another newsletter - example: https://cronyclecovid19.substack.com/p/corona-daily-280220 which is a newish Coronavirus daily update.

Is there a better way? Does anyone use a better tool to discover good newsletters? Where is the hackernews or Apple Podcasts tool for newsletters?
Eligibility:

The top ~250,000 users on github have had their SSH keys and PGP added to a merkle tree. Out of those ~250,000 users, ~175,000 of them had valid SSH and PGP keys at the time of tree creation.

If you had 15 or more followers on github during the week of 2019-02-04, your github SSH & PGP keys are included in the merkle tree.
According to this estimate[0] based on viral mutations, there were 600 cases in Seattle on March 4th. That puts the multiplier at about 20x cases per confirmed case. With an estimated doubling time of 7 days[1], that's about one month worth of spreading.

(Disclaimer: all numbers approximate, high uncertainty everywhere.)

[0] https://bedford.io/blog/ncov-cryptic-transmission/
[1] https://bedford.io/projects/ncov-phylodynamics/
Same boat here. Even for technical searches, which ddg is supposed to be good at, I would routinely find the Google results of much more accuracy and quality. Finally switched back.

Luckily, for the things I search, ads are not usually a problem.
> The physical memory dumping is abusing the fact that on iOS the physmap region, which provides direct virtual mappings of large parts of device physical memory is larger than the random ASLR shift which is applied to it. It's almost 4GB in size, but its virtual address only varies by around 1GB, leading to kernel virtual addresses which are always mapped
and which provide a window in to device physical memory.

Not the first time Apple has messed up ASLR because the thing that they’re sliding has gotten too large…
Fast and Free Music Separation with Deezer's Machine Learning Library – Waxy.org
I've only recently heard of push notifications. I feel like we are being inundated with so many notifications that we now need a super notifications. Where does this notification creep end? Normal notifications should be perfectly acceptable if things weren't spamming that method to begin with. I feel like notifications and eventually push notifications will go the way of the phone call. You won't even bother looking at them anymore because you know it has such a high chance of being nothing.

At any rate anything that puts an ad in my notifications is as good as uninstalled. I'm already unsure how to turn off the news push notifications that I'm getting now.
When I search for Fish Tacos on DDG's maps and Google, it's night and day.

DDG gave me 4 results, none anywhere near me.

Do you have a suggestion for how I could have been more effective?
> DuckDuckGo is good enough for regular use

This is news to people?
Any specific reading on how to get into ketosis that you would suggest? Something that you find scientifically sound?
I know here most gas stations have a dispenser of disposable gloves you can use at the pump.

Even with no virus kicking around holding a fuel pump is horrible, your hand stinks afterwards!
Have you tried it recently?

I generally agree that people made excuses for DDG when it was clearly worse and unusable, but today it’s good enough to use instead (I think it’s better).

I’d try it again if you haven’t for a while. Maybe your needs are different than mine, but since we’re both on HN there’s probably pretty good overlap.

Small thing, but I really like how DDG results are primarily links to websites and I can see a bunch of links on the first page without scrolling. I think with google the last search I did had 3?

I suspect the article is right about google being better about low intent searches (and just generally bad search queries from regular people which probably make up the vast majority of users), but I don’t care about that. I think DDG is probably better for more technical users.
The causality of elevated cholesterol and coronary heart disease isn't entirely proven. What we see in studies is mostly correlations. Cholesterol-reducing drugs have been shown to not lower the risks associated with high cholesterol levels, so I do think this is an area where we may not have the complete picture yet.

Dr. Jason Fung has a few interesting figures in his book, citing studies where the consumption of eggs for example decreases risks, kind of fascinating.
Lancet Article(February 22, 2020): "Reducing mortality from 2019-nCoV: host-directed therapies should be an option"

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6...

from the article:

"In most moribund patients, 2019-nCoV infection is also associated with a cytokine storm, which is characterised by increased plasma concentrations of interleukins 2, 7, and 10, ..."
I use my search engine to direct me to a source. I do not expect it to be the source. That is just how my brain sees the purpose of the engine.

I can, however, understand why anyone would like it to provide you with instant factual and reliable information! That would be a godsend.

I do not trust the instant answers most of the time. I like seeing forum answers and comments, finding age in wikipedia and stumbling upon more information, and generally getting lost in the web.
You can't get direct links to images when using Google Image Search, but you can when using DuckDuckGo Image Search. That should be enough for you to switch.
Weekly newsletter of stories not in the headlines
Is Rapper Make Out Life a Demon?
Rapper Make out life dosen‘t sleeps since 2 weeks and he is still on the #1 playlist from miami
Companion website to the Unix Hater's Handbook: https://web.archive.org/web/19981202041010/http://catalog.co...
DDG is not good for local stuff. That's in the linked article.
I have tried it recently and my co-founder and I are literally building a new search experience because we are deeply unsatisfied with the current ones.
How I teach people
I'm a die-hard DDG fan, but for some things -- particularly mapping related issues -- google maps is so superior. I append a !gm to my searches for stores and it automatically opens in google maps.
That's really bad - the guy even knew he was sick. I wouldn't have gone to a party with a fever no matter what virus I was hosting.
I can tell you this from personal experience. I can do activities with which I'm already familiar quicker, but I am far less creative due to the caffeine anxiety.
Show HN: A website builder for personal trainers
For me part of the problem is that DDG feels slow to index new results. Trying to search for anything that’s happened in the last week almost always is a swing and a miss for me.

It’s a stark contrast to google, where the results seem more or less live, including updated auto complete for things that have happened recently.

And that doesn’t seem like an issue at all related to privacy, it’s just a problem space that DDG doesn’t seem to handle well.
I really like the general idea of bridging the gap between graphical and text-based interfaces, abstracting away the differences and be able to use a mixture of both. In the realm of interactive programming (eg heavily ide assisted), people with some functional and statically typed programming background would be interested in this magnificent talk about idris2:

[Edwin Brady - Idris 2 - Type-driven Development of Idris]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRq2NgeFcO0
This would be a big improvement to the study. As part of preparation for the WoW Classic launch I and the rest of my leveling group quit caffeine for 2 weeks to help reset our tolerance. In order to play as effectively as possible we delayed using caffeine for as long we possible in our sessions so we could play longer. Being used to consuming caffeine on a daily basis it was amazing to see the difference in its effectiveness using that method.
Oh, that would explain so, so much.
'Fish Tacos [X]' where X is the name of the city - or turning on your region toggle is usually enough to solve that problem.
Twitter CEO suspends Africa move due to coronavirus, among other reasons
More than one billion Android devices at risk of malware threats
> You can only afford to raise rates for lending if you've got something better to do with the money.

A borrower can only afford to pay higher rates if they have something better to do with the money. Lenders can always afford to raise rates, as doing so increases their profit margin. The limiting factor there is competition from other lenders, but a factor like inflation affects all lenders equally. What they can't afford is lower profits in real, fixed-dollar terms due to inflation. Lower profits on lending => less money available for lending => higher prices (interest rates) for the remaining supply.
The article says in multiple places that in practice, little of the protein was converted to glucose.
Train Large, Then Compress
Four different ways to build hybrid clouds with Kubernetes
The board on the NAS died, and took out a locally attached USB backup. He had recently turned off offsite backup.

Instead of buying a replacement synology, and moving the drives (which are all fine) he dumped the data to various other devices using Linux raw LVM, and restored 100% of the data.

This seems like it worked as intended to me (not counting the simultaneous loss of the USB stick and motherboard). Anyway, any NAS that contains important data should be backed up offsite.
It might be more effective if you try it yourself. Google something you normally google, then repeat the search with &pws=0 at the end of the query string.
From the article, it sounds like Spreadshirt outsources its manufacturing. (Just guessing, but they may even do drop shipping.)

There's no specific reason to believe this isn't the real name of the manufacturer. I tried to find more information about Lan Tim to see if that's likely the case, but I couldn't, but that's not very conclusive.
DuckDuckGo is a for profit company. There are no guarantees it will not seek more profits at a later date. See: Google.

That being said, competition that hurts Google’s bottom line would likely result in better behavior.

Ddg has a long way to go to be an impactful competitor in the market, though.
Good question RE: license. I'll definitely check that!

I'll also look at mapillary right now. Thanks!
This is a net/gross carb confusion. Less than 50g including fiber, or 20g excluding fiber.
Do you have the UK toggle turned on? Improving local results internationally is a major priority for the team currently - if you find queries where this isn't working well, hitting the feedback button in the bottom right of the screen is a huge help!
> Don’t use natural language

So... its worse. People want to use natural language.
Twitter users turned 9 year-old Quaden Bayles into a scammer
Did you include the word "film" in your search? Otherwise there's no reasonable expectation for it to show up. It's like searching for "Philadelphia" and expecting the movie to show up and not the city.
Oh perfect thank you so much! I'll be in touch soon.
Discord's migration from Redshift to BigQuery: lessons learned
This also lends support to "bonk training", which is an exercise fad designed to exhaust glycogen stores and then continue working out, just as a distance runner that hits the wall continues beyond to finish the marathon, or a cyclist that bonks keeps pedaling to finish the leg.

I think the point is to get your body to make the glycogen to ketone switch more smoothly, and after the bonk every calorie you burn comes directly from fat stores. For most people, exercising in ketone-mode is absolute misery, you physically can't perform at more than about 80% of what you could do with glycogen, and you can't pass your lactate threshold. So bonk trainers do that. On purpose.
3. You can't search for "older than" results. For example, if you want news reports about Ukrainian corruption, but only from before 2015, you're out of luck on ddg, have fun reading about Trump.
A Case for Embeddings in Recommendation Problems
So does Google, "Corpus Christi" is too ambiguous.

"Corpus Christi polish film" is good enough.
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=Corpus+Christi+polish+film&t=ffab&...

"Corpus Christi film" also works, results look relevant, but knowledge graph shows the old 2014 Venezuelan movie. This is where Google is way superior, it showed me average score on imdb and even local showtimes.
> ... the British or .. some other version often isn't even in English.

There's only one regular English version of the Wikipedia, unless you're refering to the Galic one, which would be a little odd (https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%ADomhleathanach).
Question for google search users on HN: Do y'all use adblockers? I noticed less of a difference in my one-off searches after I had been using an ad blocker for a while, so I wonder if using an adblocker would be a way for people to transition away from Google.