skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> I'd be interested to know how wear scales with tyre pressure.

Apparently not in any way relevance in face of the fourth power rule, as road authorities worldwide just use the 4th power rule for road wear estimates, without accounting for minor factors (type of axles, axle arrangement, surface contact and suspension systems).
This thread is quite timely in that I just watched a great documentary about the differences between America and Sweden. If you have amazon prime it’s free to watch on prime video.

https://www.amazon.com/Sweden-Lessons-America-Johan-Norberg/...
Creative! Good work.
I can tell you that of 200,000 hospital admissions for the flu each year in the US, approximately 20,000 will die, i.e. 10%.

To put it another way, if we didn’t have extremely well established flu surveillance networks or even knew what the flu was, and people just started coming to the hospital with ILI and then dying, you would see 200,000 cases with a CFR of 10%.

But because we do have widespread, fast, and cheap testing we know that each year 30 million people get the flu and only about 1% go to the hospital, and 10% of those die, so the IFR is about 0.1%.
Thanks! We changed to that from https://techstartups.com/2020/03/06/german-researchers-ident....
The in/out network thing is a huge problem. My girlfriend went for a checkup with her primary care physician. Obviously in network.

2 months later she gets a bill for $500. Sorry your doc was not in network for that particular question. Insurance covers $0
> They’re sticking to semantic versioning now

I will believe that when I see it.

edit: to clarify, historically they've bumped the minor version number whenever they had major changes in the API, and now the major version bumps are usually non-breaking changes. I don't think the team fully understands Semver.
> Truck driver. Not quibbling, just adding nuance.

You're absolutely quibbling though.

> So you should include in your calculations that the load is spread out over eighteen tires, as above.

The fourth power rule is specifically about axle load, not about wheel load. It's also an estimate / rule of thumb (which is why it's so useful), not a precision instrument.

But hey if you want more precision than the FPR we can do more precision: https://pavementinteractive.org/reference-desk/design/design...

As the link notes, road engineers usually work in LEF/ESAL (ratio to a standardised 18000lbs axle load), and provides some conversion tables.

Assuming a relatively large 4000lbs sedan this is 2000 lbs per axle, or 2x0.0003 LEF = 0.0006 LEF.

A fully loaded truck would be ~0.3 for the 12000lbs front axle, and 1.11 for each of the rear tandem axles, for a total of 2.52 LEF.

2.52 / 0.0006 = 4200. Which shows that the fourth power rule's 4096 was pretty close but if anything underselling it.
That was the originally submitted URL. Did you mean to recommend a different one?
South Korea is composting its way to sustainability
They fitted brand new tires and called it a read world test, as if people get new tires every week. Then they measured particulate weight and compared it to ICE emission regulation as if weight was the deciding factor: 5800 ug of rubber particles vs 4.5 ug of PM soot. The rubber could be 1x 5g chunk or 1000x 1ug or whatever. New cars produce mostly small soot, so 4.5 ug can be about 10 000 000 particles¹.

I'm not saying non-exhaust emissions are irrelevant, but I am quite sure exhaust is a much bigger issue, overly so in eastern EU, where people often even remove DP filters and enforcement is lacking.

¹ PM count estimates:

coal density: 929 kg/m³

PM10 particle size: 10 um

PM10 volume: 4/3 * pi * (5um)^3 ~ 4 * (5e-6 m)^3 ~ 5e-16 m³

PM10 mass: 5e-16m³ * 1e3 kg/m³ = 5e-13 kg = 5e-7 ug = 0.5 pg

If exhaust PM was PM10, 4.5 ug would be about 4.5 ug / 5e-7 ug ~ 1e7 = 10M particles, give or take an order of magnitude.
What if that kid or his parents can't afford treatment of his depression?

Treatment for mental health problems is expensive. The underlying issues can have causes that require a lot of time to solve. Therapist trips are expensive. Some of it isn't covered by your insurance. You lose a lot on productivity as a parent of the kid. You will need to dedicate time to him unlike in other situations where you can be fine delegating the responsibilities.

A kid drops out of high school, gets depressed instead. Two years have passed, he can't afford the treatment and needs to get out but his issues aren't resolved. He is forced to work, burning himself out. He can't be productive or do critical creative work that pays well. Now he has gone 4 years without being treated, having time to recover and is in a worse position.
> I don't think anyone attempting to reach a broad consumer market has ever made big money, or even survived long term

Don't follow this market closely but sirius/xm might be one exception - not sure of their leverage position, but even if healthy one could argue to your point they don't reach consumers directly, but rather via intermediaries such as car and a/v equipment manufacturers.

My take on satellite is basically it's good for important but secondary network usage - anything that needs this should be fairly stable & constant beta provided good financials but looking for 'unicorn' style growth is probably mistaken as you mention.
Orbit – open-source design system
11 Things you may have overlooked when you made your website live
I stand by my assertion that it’s extremely impractical for most people to reconfigure their lives in this way.
No, because as I just demonstrated, they use my open-source work - society just has no mechanism to monetize it.

It is possible that I could charge support contracts for the software now - but it's just about done, and it's pretty well documented, and if anything I'd have less incentive to write public docs. And I have no mechanism to get people to fund the next thing I want to work on and think is a good idea. (Well, I could continue working at a high-paying job for a few years and then quit, of course... but the logical conclusion of that loophole is that nobody should be paid enough that they can afford to quit, else they'd be able to ignore the market, right?)
Speaking of Blokada, has anyone blocked the update to v4 due to the new UI?
Disaster preparedness spending has a 15:1 return in investment
A counterargument:

1 large, complex dependency (plus the 20 lines of wrapper code to transform your program's internal data to initialise and call the library) almost never just stays as 1 large, complex dependency (plus 20 lines of ...).
I worked for a D1 track and field team while I was in college and I found the Pent/Hep/Decathlon some of the most fascinating sports with how coaches approached which athletes to submit. Some coaches (like the one at my college) chose to submit true generalists, athletes that wouldn't usually win an individual event but would get points in most of them. But other coaches favored submitting athletes that had distinct specialties, assuming they'd win that event and then get points in a couple of the other events. It's been a while so I don't exactly remember which approach seemed to work better but I found the strategy fascinating!
There's a company nearby that we joke has 6 billion workers for them.

They do a lot of testing if it's actual honey and most of the fake honey comes from China.
Sumo tournament begins without spectators for first time
I agree. But tires do shed a lot. Consider a brand new tire has grove depth of about 8-10mm, and many drivers change tires when their groves are 0-2mm (yes, some idiots keep driving until they have slicks or "a pop").
I can confirm that it takes a bit of elbowing around, but you can get matrix-client.el to work with pantalaimon in its current state. extending the client to "know" it needs to talk to localhost rather than the server half is most of the stuff I had to hack on to make it work.
Merge Intervals and Noble Numbers – Weekly Challenge
An Indian state banned pesticides (2018)
The Business Equation
SaaS Marketing 101... on this Unstoppable Sunday
That is super weird logic, very interesting. How do you think can a smaller population change anything?
And there are probably an even smaller number of 18 year olds telling their mentors that they're going to leave behind their dreams of being a physicist to become a rock climber. Those stories stand out and get all the attention, and people really want to find ways to claim following generations are going astray, but the 100x people in gen z going on to study STEM fields and getting well paying jobs get outshadowed as people decide that the random person that wants to be a rock climber is going to define the trend. And hey, it's early days - rock climbing competitions and stuff need a winner too, and while I wouldn't expect every person that makes the call to leave a "Boring" path to become a rock climber or a musician or actor or whatever to succeed, id expect to successful ones to have stories along those lines. People had to be that way to create this generation of daredevils and movie starts, why would the next generation be any different?
I sell complete systems with hardware and software. I want to make sure that the hardware hasn't been hacked into and that (for example) my cameras or sensors are sending me real data. I could also want to prevent hardware cloning.

There are lots of legitimate cases that do not boil down to "but you want to hurt your users". My users want a system that can be trusted, too.
Inside London's £18bn new railway [video]
The attack we're talking about on this thread is people using KROOK to snoop on DNS lookups. DoH decisively addresses that threat, and DNSSEC does literally nothing about it; it doesn't even address integrity in this setting; link-layer DNS attacks will reveal QIDs that can be used to spoof AD=1 responses to DNSSEC-validated queries, and that obviously doesn't work against DoH.
It's not only about the fact that the commit message for a one char change is about a page long. It's about that all the information in that page long commit message is a useful information
The nature article makes it sound like a lot of the options listed are being tested because there's some evidence of some effectiveness Vs in the story OP posted, it sounds like the mechanism is much better understood.
Parking Policy Is Hot, Thanks to Donald Shoup (2018)
If you have a central air heating system like most houses do, you should add a filter near the fan. You won't catch all the dust, but you'll collect a lot of it, making your air healthier to live in
There's no "why", it's a rule of thumb / estimate called the "fourth power rule" (or "fourth power law" but there are other unrelated fourth power laws) established experimentally in the late 50s / early 60s by the AASHO. Basically they built a bunch of roads to the same specifications, drove streams of vehicles through and monitored pavement deterioration.
Yes, but not everyone has perfect eyesight and perfect monitors or perfect lighting conditions.
Thin font, plus a 5:1 contrast ratio (text #606f7b to white bg) isn't ideal for reading.

Original vs higher contrast, objectively, one is easier to read
https://i.imgur.com/kDMPhfx.png
> git blame was nice, until someone reformatted the entire codebase

We have a few "blame walls" in our codebase like this due to formatting changes or badly-implemented restructuring/renames. When I'm in bitbucket tracing back through the history of a particular line, I end up having to manually jump back a few commits at certain points in time, and then if the file was renamed I have to also navigate to its old location/name.
The US has unemployment insurance, but it only covers job loss (the employer typically provides the paid sick leave or workers pay a company like Aflac a small premium in their paychecks to gain it.) Are you saying a Canadian worker would file to claim the EI benefit of one day at the doctor? It appears to be more of an extended illness employment insurance benefit (up to 15 weeks.)
Experimental FCC licenses for AST & Science:

https://fcc.report/ELS/AST-Science/0908-EX-ST-2019

2207.87500000-2208.52500000 MHz FX 10.000000 W

https://fcc.report/ELS/AST-Science-LLC/0047-EX-CN-2019

2033.37500000-2033.62500000 MHz FX 10.000000 W 7100.000000 W P 0.00010000 % 250KG1W GMSK

2033.50000000- MHz FX 10.000000 W 7100.000000 W P 0.00010000 % 250KG1W GMSK

2207.87500000-2208.52500000 MHz FX 10.000000 W 7100.000000 W P 0.00010000 % 500KG1W GMSK

https://fcc.report/ELS/AST-Science-LLC/0884-EX-CN-2018

New 891.50000000-894.00000000 MHz FX 3847.000000 W 3847.000000 W M 1.20000000 % 2M50FXD OFDM

New 846.50000000-849.00000000 MHz FX 3847.000000 W 3847.000000 W M 1.20000000 % 2M50FXD OFDM
The problem with RoR is still a Basecamp Framework. Even though it is used by Github and Shopify. Things like ActionView-Component [1] couldn't be merged because it is not used in Basecamp, even though it is used in production at Github.
Auth / Devise as mentioned is another one. Active Storage problem is another one, ( which leads to Paperclip stop being maintained )

[1] https://github.com/github/view_component
I originally wrote the "zero copy" support in proto2, long before I created Cap'n Proto. What Protobuf means by "zero copy" is much more limited than what Cap'n Proto means. Protobuf's "zero copy" applies only to individual string (or "bytes") fields. The effect is that when you call the getter for that field, you get a pointer to the string inside the original message buffer, rather than a copy allocated on the heap. The overall message structure still needs to be parsed upfront and converted into an object tree on the heap (which I count as a copy).

Cap'n Proto is very different. Every Cap'n Proto object is actually a pointer into the original message buffer. Accessing one element of a large array is O(1) -- the previous (and subsequent) elements don't need to be examined at all. Similarly with structs, each field is located at a known fixed offset from the start of the struct, so can be accessed without examining other fields. Protobuf inherently cannot do this; there is no way to know where a field is located without first parsing all previous fields in the same message.
We are ever grateful to Taylor otwel and the team for developing and maintaining Laravel, ever wonder why most of us African web developers use Laravel as a web framework? Because it works and fast without much need for fancy tweaks (here a decent internet is still a luxury in most parts of the continent), Laravel allows you to spring up a decent web app fast without much hassle, you can easily set it up in the cloud and it will be up and running with need for maintenance and site reliability issues. More grease to your elbows Taylor and the rest of the Laravel team.
Great data, thanks for taking the time to format it cleanly.
>I'm saying that that is what the market is like right now and removing it causes people to see it as a downgrade.

The market's only like that because there's a lack of alternatives. 'The market' isn't an abstract entity that came into existence out of nowhere. Companies make the choice to provide only that option, people never chose this.

Removing the ability to chat with people using a username and password is the downgrade, that existed long before SMS and phone verification and tying those services to what is essentially an epehemeral number not ever actually owned by you, but the company that provides it.

There's plenty of places in the world where having a consistent phone number isn't really the norm. I've got friends i've saved multiple phone numbers for because they signed up to this or that messenger with different phone numbers.

Phone numbers are useless as an identification method.

I pointed this out in another comment, but because whatsapp and signal use this system, there are random people in my contacts list, whose profile pictures and status updates I can see, but I have no idea who they are because the people that used to have those phone numbers no longer have them and they were reassigned to someone else.
Covid-19 and Healthcare Resources, Lets talk math.
He also said something like “if we can nuke them today, why wait till tomorrow?”, referring to the Soviets.
Responding to quieththrow’s response to this comment:

1. My thinking was basically posing a question about take-home income of an American vs a Swede and to what extent a higher take-home pay can buy some of the same benefits.

2. Don’t know why choosing policies that do not force Americans to pay higher taxes in exchange for government-mandated benefits makes legislators “uneducated.” Seems like you simply disagree with the preference for lower taxes and less social benefits and are calling people who disagree with you “dumb.”

3. I’m not sure why you think traveling will make Americans think like you. Also not convinced that Americans travel less than others. Happy to look at any evidence you supply.

4. No one claimed anything about righteousness. Personally, I find left-leaning folks always speaking in moral terms “evil capitalists/rich, stealing form the poor, etc.” I’m trying to gather quantitative data (net income) to help further the discussion.
I can't imagine a situation in which a revolving cast of new bosses imposed top-down from the more fashionable parts of the nation will make anyone local less "distracted by CYA". That situation certainly doesn't exist in Wuhan right now. If China has a CDC-equivalent, they should take the lead. Hiring another ceremonial head-to-roll at the local health department would be a waste of time.
I don't think coronavirus is an integrating retrovirus? It's an RNA virus for sure, but I haven't ever heard of it causing genome integration, and it would probably be a lot more dangerous (ability to cause cancer for instance) if it did?
( https://twitter.com/LizSpecht/status/1236095180459003909?s=1... )
Yeah very much so, it was like I was in a holodeck visualizing things with my mind. My dreams are always weirdest when I'm sick too.
Semantic Segmentation in the era of Neural Networks (2019)
A thread on this project from last year: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20531541

If you're going to make a Show HN out of a new release, it would be good to add a comment explaining what's different since last time!
What I do is write them all down in an evernote note. I have 50+ ideas in there. At one point I went through and decided which was most interesting. I still add new items to the list, but at least it's out of my head and I can go back to the one I decided I'd focus on :-)
> On a per-capita basis, people who live in cities generate less externalities than rural dwellers. So I'm not quite clear on your point.

Of course there's more externalities, 3% of the population feeds the other 97%. Cities consume all the food, water and gas that those "wasteful" rural folk produce for them. Interesting that we don't account for that and just attribute the externalities to them, as if that's the whole story.

Cities are certainly more efficient per capita, but they're not self-sustaining. If we demolished all those wasteful roads between cities and rural parts of the country, the cities would starve.
> The big issue is that nothing is required

The most populous state in the country requires a minimum of 3 days paid sick leave for employees: https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/Paid_Sick_Leave.htm

Employers cant legally prevent employees from using this time. But, given that low-income people have little ability to fight violations of the law, I'd hardly be surprised to hear that people are forced (or feel forced) to work while sick.
Murphy Was an Optimist [pdf]
Ditto. [1] HN seems to have a bizarre tolerance for cryptic headlines. (And the low character limit doesn't help.)

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22519541
I do love the social history of good commit messages, and what they teach us about the process of what we do.

I will offer one nit here, which is that I always start my commit messages with one-line summaries; this makes it really easy to scan commits (and git is tooled to do this!)
Interior dimensions are all very similar. Exterior, the Model S is the largest, followed by the Camry, Model 3 then distantly the Corolla.

Shldr Hip Head Leg
Model S: 57.7 55.0 38.8 42.7
Camry: 57.7 55.4 37.5 42.1
Model 3: 56.3 53.4 40.3 42.7
Corolla: 54.0 53.9 38.0 42.0

WB Len Wdth Hght
Model S: 116.5 196.0 77.3 56.5
Camry: 111.2 192.7 72.4 56.9
Model 3: 113.2 184.8 72.8 56.8
Corolla: 106.3 182.5 70.1 56.5
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20468164
Insurers are proven to live when you call them (source: personal experience in the past).
Yes, but this doesn't create particle pollution, just potholes.
> My friends in Canada have had to wait months for things like MRIs

It seems to be dependent on urgency. I've got what's likely a minor labral tear that isn't significantly affecting my quality of life where the MRI is expected to take months. On the other hand, when I had a potential TIA I had an MRI done within a day.

Private clinics are also pretty readily available for imaging, for those with the means/will to pay.
Building a B2B SaaS app in public
https://archive.md/YnPdf
That's better than I expected! 90% of people still working but actually taking sick leave / taking time off to care for family members / taking time off to learn new skills, plus 10% of people not working (and some fraction of them working on art or other good-for-humanity things that are traditionally unprofitable, some fraction of them working on moonshot ideas, etc.) should be even better for the economy!
Some infections might be a war of attrition, but it's not something you can generalize. Fundamentally, stopping entry would just prevent the virus from infecting more cella in the body (which could worsen symptoms) - and coronavirus is more of your standard fast invasion - burn bright and strong before being eliminated style infection than a chronic slow burn, so stopping that fast invasion could help.
Surely all specialists in tech end up as generalists eventually. If you were a jQuery specialist 10 years ago, you've pivoted to something else by now. How many times does that need to happen before you become more general than special?
Don’t sell yourself short. “Art” and “woodworking” are both potentially “work.” If the worst case scenario is having too many literate artists and craftspeople, I’m not sure what the problem is. :)
If the idea is to focus on tires, then why not just look at how many tires are manufactured each year? 100% of tires end up polluting something, somewhere.

Or, again if the focus is tire wear, there must be pretty good data about how much of a tire gets worn off before replacement, and how often they're replaced. It doesn't seem like it should be very complex to calculate how much tire is being emitted due to road wear.
David Epstein's Range [0] is a great look into this seeming paradox of broad v. deep. The intro chapters of Tiger Woods with golf versus Roger Federer with tennis are the thesis: There are 'kind' learning environments and 'unkind' learning environments.

'Kind' learning environments are golf, chess, SAT prep, etc. Here, you just need to grind out the hours. The feedback is fairly quick and the objective is clear. You should specialize early on to grind out the time, like Tiger Woods.

'Unkind' learning environments are tennis, jazz, business, etc. Here you need a lot of general information to see weak patterns. You need to borrow from other domains and read a lot of unconnected stuff. The feedback is not timely and the objective is not clear. You should 'graze' on a lot of other things to become 'elite' in your chosen field. Roger Federer played a lot of sports before choosing tennis 'late' in life.

The book is very detailed yet readable, a great targeting at a general audience. The section on music is fascinating reading.

Generalist or specialist bents are both good ideas, but it depends on the environment.

[0] https://davidepstein.com/the-range/