skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Came here to say the same thing. An article about NULL without even a passing mention of IS DISTINCT FROM is embarrassing.

Truth table here: https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Is_distinct_from#Truth_Tabl...
What about in a thread? Are they messages, or threads (i.e. tree structure like these comments)?
A left outer join duplicates the tuple on the LHS for each tuple on the RHS. It's almost exclusively used for grouping operations, so then you need to group the LHS tuples back into a single tuple and aggregate the RHS.

But that's just weird -- in a normal programming language you would never duplicate the tuples and make this mess; you would keep a single tuple on the LHS and group the RHS into a set (or array/list). Then you'd aggregate the set on the RHS. That model is simple because an empty set is a value with known semantics (sum of an empty set is zero), whereas a half-NULL row is just a hack.

Before someone asks, this has nothing to do with declarative/imperative, and nothing to do with some purity of the relational model. You can still have a declarative relational model with values that happen to be sets (or even relations).
Sounds like the sort of resources that most governments could command but few criminals? But of course with criminals there's always just trying to bribe Intel employees.
Not sure how formal verification would have helped here. DMA access is allowed at boot up, game over.
This is true for any way of deploying, & depends on what your already know versus what you need to learn about. But different deployment approaches require you understanding different things, or different volumes of stuff.

There's also the difference between what you need to know to get started vs what you need to know to run a service reliably.

If you deploy to a platform that uses thing X for your app in production, and thing X has unhelpful defaults or will behave poorly in some situation and cause or amplify an outage, then not only do you need to learn the minimum about how to deploy, but to also learn about the pitfalls and what you need to do to overcome or mitigate them -- either proactively or reactively when production breaks and you don't understand why & don't understand how to fix it.

The amount of latter stuff you need to learn to have a reliable production system that you're able to maintain in a more complicated configurable deployment system is going to be much larger even if it happens to be quick & easy for you to get started.
I'd love to join you for a drink after work but I can't do real life stuff like that right now, I need to get home to memorize some anki cards.
This is not really a problem with NULLs though, but primarily with how SQL forces you to put any kind of result in a rectangular table-shaped resultset. Because of this, a LEFT JOIN returns a single "order" row both if there is exactly 1 order for that customer, but also when there are no orders. That's just nuts.

If a JOIN could somehow return hierarchically structured data then there would've been no gotchas here.
I don't think an economic system should be used as a blunt weapon to punish perceived immorality.
My ex-wife worked for a legal software firm. One thing to note is they were threatened with lawsuits ALL THE TIME, because, after all, their customers were lawyers. So any bug or whatever else would end up with some nasty email from some customer exclaiming, "We're going to sue!" In reality, not many (if any) actually carried through with it, but if that sort of threat makes you queasy, better be (or have) a really good lawyer yourself if you go this route, and not just as a domain expert for the software itself.
FWIW, the fittings I used in my teenage-years rockets were usually gypsum or plastic + lots of duct tape (for the rockets made from vitamin fizzle tablets containers); their pressure rating was "looks like it should survive the launch, but we'd better move back a couple meters and duck behind cover, just to be sure").
that was a fantastic reading, and it makes way more sense than most re-branding discussions I've seen.
I see where the sentiment is coming from, but I don't agree with the premise of "doing something to survive" being what people need. I think it's the relationship of the person to its community through labour that could be missing (Karl Marks writes about how capitalism fetishizes commodities and removes this relationship in Das Kapital. If you're into this subject it's an interesting read).

I know a senior lady, for example, that works fixing clothes. She doesn't need it to "survive", and sometimes work piles on and becomes another worry on top of other things she needs to think about. But she does it, in part as alternative income but also to keep herself entertained and as a way to relate to her community. She is the person you go to if you need mending, and that's a social relationship. People from the neighborhood will look need her and seek her for this. Receiving or delivering work is also an excuse to interact with people.

Would she go to a factory and fix stranger's clothes even if it were for the same amount of time and money? Probably not. She doesn't need it to survive, she needs it to relate.

So in that sense I do worry that UBI could disincentivize forming these work and exchange relationships or finding your place in a community/society. Just like kids given the choice might pick not to go to school, but eventually this would probably lead them to isolation and not growing in other ways, I wonder if a percentage of adults that haven't realized work can be better than no work could isolate themselves from social and mental growth in the same way.

In general thus I think UBI might work better as a compliment to reformed labour laws. Say, a 4 hour week. Or unionization, to push back on crappy management and predatory workplace policies. A goal should be to have as much people working as possible, but not because they are forced to in order to survive, but because they want to.
It's not. Design tools have had this kind of functionality for UIKit for years. Making views is absolutely not the hard part of mobile development.
Or have Veracrypt volumes uploaded to some service and use it from anywhere on the world when need it? Much simpler
Internal TPM is more secure for attestation. You can MitM the LPC bus with an external TPM, faking PCRs.
Wealth isn’t fungible like that. A lot of recent wealth inequality was stocks rising.

That doesn’t mean that food production went up, or that more houses get built cheaper, or that new doctors are cloned, or anything of the sort.

It just means stocks went up.

Most of the economy is people providing stuff to other people, or working to import stuff. If people don’t work, you don’t get the stuff they provide.

To a certain extent you can sell off assets abroad and import stuff using a trade deficit. But that doesn’t work forever, and you can’t import haircuts or clean floors or construction labour or nurse shifts. At a certain point work is needed.
Yeah, these are the problems with cs phd's, they are in huge demand to actually do interdisciplinary work outside of their field and usually don't get enough recognition for the value they put in the actual research.
And already reverted
You are not missing anything.

Streaming is merely a subset of "downloading" where the data is decoded and displayed on screen as it "downloads" generally without also being saved into permanent storage.

From the servers viewpoint, it is merely pushing bits to a client.

The client is merely receiving bits from a server (and receiving bits from a server is downloading).

And, yes, given a technically competent user owning the client, the client can be modified to save the downloaded stream data to storage.

Much of the streaming work is "security by obscurity" -- the systems only provide security because the end user either: 1) lacks the technical knowledge to save the data or 2) lacks the desire to do so (presuming they do possess the technical knowledge).
Don't take your financially privileged position and claim that homeless people want to be homeless.
How about this rule of thumb when it comes to the question of "Should you Kube"

How many developers in your organization?

0-10: No

10-100: Maybe

100-1000: Yes

1000+: Definitely
Software.

We have compilers and databases but those only cover a (very important) slice of the human process of going from vague idea to value to users and then revenue.

As that process scales the number of people, roles and interactions between them become very hard to manage and we have no good tools to help with that.

A transportation company relies on software to manage their processes, giving everyone involved direct access to their particular slice of the process (think an ERP where logistics, sales, billing, executives collaborate).

In software we store code, the source of truth, which is fundamentally structured information, in text files. That source of truth is not usually not accessible by PMs, designers, or copywriters, they each have their own corner in Dropbox to store their Google Docs or Sketch files. Add conflicts/versioning problems to the pile. And that’s just a taste of what needs improvement.

If the transportation company worked that way it’d be utterly dysfunctional.

In software, I believe, this translates to reliability problems, projects taking too long... in summary: less value for our users and then less revenue.

I believe there is a better way :)
I think a better framework to think about this is 'Bullshit Businesses', not bullshit jobs. A lot of companies only exist to make the owners/investors rich, provide little to no value to the world, and/or rely on dirt cheap labor for the economics to work. Think spammy call centers, Walmart, amazon warehouses, etc...

If people were not in desperate need of a paycheck and were able to negotiate/hold out for better jobs, or spend more time on career training, then a lot of the business would not exist, or would be forced to treat their employees better.
Drug metabolism is often better modeled by two (or sometimes more) different half-lifes for different stages of metabolism. So typically plasma concentration will diminish quickly but be followed by a long tail. In the case of caffeine I think this is due to enzymatic saturation.

It seems that this second half-life must be the difference for people who have more trouble sleeping long after caffeine intake. I wonder if this implies that their bodies have different maximum attainable amounts for the proper enzyme. I'm curious if anyone knows more detail about how the interplay between enzymatic saturation and genetics / gene expression works here.
Physicists Are Studying Mysterious ‘Bubbles of Nothing’ That Eat Spacetime
I have had basically the same idea, after feeling the problem myself as a parent of young kids. There is so much garbage on Google. Social science is always going to lack the consensus of a hard science, but we can do better than content farms that have assembled articles from freelancers who probably don't have children and are mustering up advice that's barely common sense. I hope for your success!
At the startup I used to work at the MD spent quite a bit of time dodging calls from Cloudinary. Every few months we needed to be on a higher tier package. We'd generally be tasked with optimising whichever metric was causing the problem a coupe of times a year (deleting / consolidating versions of various images etc).

It felt pretty shady (both his behaviour and their pricing structures).
> Is is possible to setup an independent DNS from the "official one", where registering or renewing a .org domain would be possible?

Yes, it's entirely possible. It's not even very difficult. I am part of a small group who owns and operates a "private internet", and while we don't currently operate a DNS for it, we are adding one this year.

That catch, of course, is that your own DNS infrastructure is separate and distinct from the "real" internet DNS infrastructure.
I think a better question for 2 experienced guys like you is, "What industries are overserved by software?"

That would open up a whole bunch of possibilities that no one is looking at. Much better than competing with 2000 others at the next soon-to-be-obsolete app.

I've built a great career by asking customers to consider the "low tech solution" first, then building upon it. Amazing how often they love it so much that the "building upon" step never comes.

As I sit here on a client's system with 14 useless windows open, being bombarded by skype, email, voice, chat, webex, outlook, office, text, jira, confluence, and sharepoint notifications from 14 others with their own 14 useless windows open, none of us getting any real work done, I wonder why 2 guys like you who know how to get shit done don't come in and just fix this for us.
Any small business, really.

This is what 'agile' is supposed to emulate for larger businesses.
That would seem to increase the cost of streaming quite a bit if the provider has to re-encode the content for each streamer to embed a watermark instead of just dumping pre-encoded bits on the wire. And the watermark has to survive a re-encode. All to shut down some guy's account in a foreign country.
Plenty of people can't afford to buy toilet paper in bulk. What do you recommend for them?
I’m in a similar situation and kubernetes is honestly pretty easy to use one you get. If your team is small use a managed kubernetes Like GKE of EKS

It’s worth noting that kubernetes uses containers which can be created via docket but is not dependent on docker
It's funny because the post you responded to would be better as a refutation of this post rather than the other way around

OP just explained why people (or rather, the upper middle class tech workers) of these two cities for out produce potentially thousands of people. A team of software engineers who can nail software for flipped classrooms will replace thousands of teachers AND improve educational outcomes
It's kind of revealing that there are zero replies to this, 10 hours later.
And then what about when you need to add monitoring, logging, APM, tracing, application metrics etc.

Suddenly you have gone from 3 instances to 20.
> Is there a resistance to new concepts
no more than normal.

Compared to tech, though, there is a broad consensus that we have a very large Rumsfeld problem: we know that we don't know what we don't know.

Come play in a wet lab for 5 years and see how you feel.
Show HN: I built a web app that helps freelance software developers find work
What about the ones that cost thousands to decrease productivity?
To counter,

"first lightbulb", "first automobile", "first airplane flight", "first color photograph" etc. are always arbitrary thresholds; much ink has been spilled over who, when, and where; over what exactly makes a lightbulb or whatever else. "First rocket" was probably constructed & launched around the time of gunpowder invention, i.e., in the 9th century China. That's not quite the same as reliably getting cargo & crew to the ISS.

In contrast, "first commercially successful" is about as clear-cut case of inventiveness and crossing a threshold as there can be: the product was made worth more than its costs, and thus became viable for large scale deployment. Whether by one big change or accretion of several smaller ones. Some key inventions regarded manufacturing process rather than the end product itself, and thus are easily lost on a casual observer.

Commercially viable means a fleeting dream got turned into an ever growing reality for us all. To wit, we already have had some /nuclear fusion reactors/ up and running. But we will only perceive it as a real thing when it becomes commercially viable.
It doesn't affect small children at all. Only elderly, with pre-conditions. Meanwhile the normal sesonaal flu and measels are ravaging as always and kill 100x more people.
Ask HN: What are some public resources for market research you've found useful?
Have you found any tools or public data that could help freelancers align their skills with the present needs of the market?
Hi HN

I've built a web application that helps freelance software developers find work and I've also tried to make it easy for companies to find and hire freelance talent.

I was really tired of been rejected from Upwork so I decided to build my own freelancing ecosystem. I don't have a massive user base at the moment but I am working super hard to get some companies to signup (actual on-the-ground conversations and some of them are really exciting).

Would you use an app like Freelance Factory? What is your opinion on what I have created? Do you feel it will succeed or fail? How do you feel it can be improved?

--
Bruce Blacklaws
Founder, Freelance Factory
https://www.FreelanceFactory.online
It is like UNIX.

The people who created X thought multi user graphical computing all the way through.

We may decide that should not be a thing.

I think we will struggle, some time will pass, and then it will be a thing, meaning X will just get reinvented.
Morning Routines I Wish I Knew Earlier
Paging Elon Musk...
Raw coffee or did you have sugar/cream/whipped cream in your coffee?
Using integrated ML to deliver low-latency mobile VR graphics
DATE_TRUNC('year',...) cuts out the lower-order parts of the timestamp, so I believe my query is correct. More precisely, I believe my query is incorrect in the way I intended but not in other ways ;-)
> Reducing idling time and improving routes both increase fuel efficiency without changing the airplane

Do you think idling time is a software problem? Aircraft idle for various time based on other requirements and needs, for example, spooling up the engines or inerting the fuel tanks.

Routes are already optimized by air traffic for the fastest, and cheapest route. They have no incentive to increase flight times as there would be fewer aircraft flying then.
Low key this is awesome. Enjoying pulling up the 60s in US and the UK, or Cuba.
EKS (AWS Kubernetes) has the control plane across 3 AZs.

It is very rare to have a complete region outage so it is pretty close to 100% uptime.
Buying a $5/mo subscription by accident, forgetting about it for years, and getting 0 value in return is cheaper than training on a formal purchase system, filling out a ROI sheet, and ping-ponging it back and forth in a few meetings before "responsibly" deciding not to buy.

Giving individual contributors purchase authority and then supervising spend -- the model implemented in every major cloud -- is a much better compromise, because it lets management prioritize where they spend ROI calculation cycles which are not free. Very not free!
So they are trashing their logo in the same way Instagram did
Surprisingly, no mention of Wim Hoff - The Ice Man > https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q6XKcsm3dKs
Then we'll merely go to the Moon. :-) (And LEO and the Lagrange points.)

You raise a good point IMO in re: viability of space. In the limit it may turn out that humans can't live anywhere but on or near the surface of Earth. What is certain is that living in space will suck for many years, or likely decades. It will be like living in a mine, but there are more things that can kill you and you're much much further from fresh air and safe ground. And I suspect living on Mars would suck anyway just due to the ~0.4G surface gravity. At least on the Moon you can go home (in a few days rather than lots of months) or fly like a bird under your own power if your cave is big enough. ("The Menace from Earth", Heinlein; "Welcome to Moonbase", Bova)

But even if we can't live there it's still really useful and important to go: micro-gravity manufacturing; robotic asteroid mining; science...

I hope we can live in space, I want to colonize the galaxy. (The green galaxy on the cover of "The Millennial Project" book is one of the more compelling images I've personally ever seen. A photosynthesizing galaxy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Millennial_Project:_Coloni... )

But even if we can't go at all these rockets are really important!
This might work if Google didn't have ulterior motives here, but would still amount to neutering the browser as a general-purpose computing platform.
No.

Who gets to decide what drugs are worth tax payer dollars?

Can we sue the government if a drug causes problems?

Why would we limit who can invent drugs and bring them to market to one entity?

What if a president or congress tries to stop research on an important, but controversial drug for political reasons?

Just no.
The problem is likely being unaware COALESCE exists. :)
Well, from what I understand, (aside from the most standard of legal issues which are billed as a flat-rate,) lawyers bill clients at an usually-eye-wateringly-high hourly rate for any work done in the course of working on your case.

Say a new technology allows lawyers to do the same tasks in half the time it used to take them. That sounds like it rhymes with "half the pay for the same work" to me, which might account for some of the new-tech skepticism.

That's my take anyway. I suppose it's similar to the knee-jerk reflex to automation, where you're liable to 'automate yourself our of a job.'
Isn't brake cleaner not exactly meant for skin contact?
Ah, thanks for the clarification. I was shocked at how large a number it seemed, but I only factored in how much water the plant itself displaces in its structure, not the maintenance water to maintain humidity, temperature, etc.
Nside the Bizarre, Boozy World of a Junior VC in Silicon Valley
I kind of think it's in the same vein of the millennial trend of monetizing your hobbies. We've been told over-and-over that you have to maximize every experience in order to get ahead, so there's this compulsion to do so. I used to feel this way, but eventually I realized that I'm not in grad school, and it's ok to just enjoy things as I'm reading them.
Cry me a river. It would cost a lot more if it were developed in-house.
Declarative programming languages based on formal logic.
Have a look at the Prolog programming language to get an idea.
Being a human being isn't easy, many people rich and poor struggle with deep philosophical questions, some people get devoured by questions of relative wealth even when they have very little just because they're among so many people poorer off than them.

That doesn't change the fact that being rich is easy mode for life. Yes, it isn't just a stroll in the continuous orgy park of happiness and funtimes, but there are a lot of difficulties in life that arise out of not having enough money, rich people essentially get a pass on all of these problems.

So, while I'm not saying that rich people never struggle with being a human being and all the existential doubt that can accompany that. I am saying that they never struggle to eat. I think everyone has their own struggles through life and really don't want to minimize problems that can arise in dealing with human issues like poor mental health - but seriously, everything is on easy mode for the rich, and if you don't think that's the case then you should really reach out to other communities and see what low income people have to deal with on a daily basis.
Hrmm, you’re right. This seems to be among the gratuitous differences between internal and open source tcmalloc.
Immediately made me think of Jira.
For YACC/bison yes, but for peg parser generators not. They also don't need a lexer.
Hahahaha that is such a funny anecdote. But really scary too.

Thanks for sharing
Is it because lawyers charge for their time and have zero incentive to be more efficient