skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I really, really dislike all the dtype wrangling and how those choices resonate throughout the API. I understand that a lot of work has been done to make that API "work", but in practice it feels like that effort would have been better avoided by changing expectations and interfaces.

Now, to be clear, that's a hard problem. Heterogenous named bags of homogenous columns with a variety of data types, storage patterns, and ideas about missingness isn't an easy domain... but instead of just trying to make everything work through hammering 6+ semi-coherent interfaces (indices, databases, mutability, immutability/chaining, numpy, dataframes) together, I'd be willing to pay a lot more in verbosity and explicitness for something simple.

pd.Series(str, [np.nan, "a"]) => ["nan", "a"] # or even an exception!
pd.Series(nullable(str), [np.nan, "a"]) => [nan, "a"]

Indexing is vastly over-designed. GroupBy is a very common API and is poorly documented and just weird in no small part due to attempts at dtype inference. Foundational useful concepts like categories feel bolted on. There's join, merge, pivot, pivot_table.

I'd chalk this all up to just being "hard", but at the same time I can go pick up R's dplyr library and get a very nice existence proof of how a nice interface could work. Not to say dplyr has it all figured out, but it's a night-and-day improvement to Pandas.

Pandas is great. It makes doing data science in Python so vastly much less of a chore than working with straight Numpy. It steals some great ideas and tries out a few interesting ones of its own... but it is far from a joy to work with.
There are some great maps[1] of the 1684 Siege of Vienna which IMHO is the most undertold story in European history.

The desperate plight of Vienna, with only 15,000 troops defending against the 150,000 strong Ottoman army. The creation of a relief coalition in only 6 days.

The arrival of the 70,000 strong Polish and allies army under Sobieski and their decision to attack immediately at daylight the next day. The attack of the Ottomans on the walls of Vienna in an attempt to breach it before they were attacked.

The day long battle, with Sobieski holding back his famed cavalry. And then, at 6:00pm the biggest cavalry charge in history - 18,000 horses led by the 3000 of the heavy Winged Hussars which had spent the past 70 developing their reputation as the best heavy cavalry in Europe.

AFIAK there isn't even a decent novelisation of this story, which I find astonishing.

[1] https://militarymaps.rct.uk/ottoman-habsburg-wars-1521-1791/...
Why not a terminal interface to calibre?
Sure, but if you could convince people to drive around in wacky science project offerings, it would be a hell of a lot cheaper, better for the environment, safer, and healthier.
Generally, that is why you'd build in redundancy and backups so that if your VPS provider, or cloud provider stopped working you could bring the service back up very quickly, however self-hosted email has proved reliable overall and there are even Helm charts for Kubernetes.
That is why one of my favorite quitting smoking jokes is: "Quitting smoking is easy! I've done it 5 times."

- 7 years without a stoge.
Superhero Triangles [video]
The guy is 41 years old and lives with his parents in the same bedroom he had as a kid. He has never been able to perform basic tasks like doing his own laundry or otherwise properly caring for himself. In addition, he spent essentially none of the money - the court case is clear on that point - and he was vulnerable enough that all of the funds were taken from him by fraudsters.
More likely is that both ends are using IPSec NAT-T (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3947), which has been widely supported for some time. NAT-T encapsulates IP packets inside UDP, with the IKE daemons (usually) as the UDP endpoints.
Kahneman – judgement, heuristics, biases and action (Mind-hacking 101)
I don’t know if you’ve used Facebook for a long time, but no matter how many times you’ve gone and managed Facebook settings, if you come back a year later you’ll find that you’ve been opted into all kinds of new garbage, you’ll find that certain options are completely gone (for example, no longer being able to opt out of public search or making your profile photo private) - even if you were a layman who did your research, you will still likely fail.
>He did say that after four or five years or so my lungs would be in the same condition they would have been if I had never smoked—but only if I quit then.

I hear statements like this repeatedly and always wondered: if given 5-10 years your lungs can really heal themselves so it's like you never smoked, does that mean you can smoke with no health consequences by stopping when you're middle aged? (before there's any real risk of contracting lung cancer)
I think by real work they mean the kind of work you do for 8 hours or more a day (or "get shit done" type of work) like using Excel on desktop with all it's bells and whistles, checking stuff on your crm and making a report based on it, programming etc. Sure even sending emails can be real work(and there are many people whose half the time at work is spent just sending emails) and you have been able to do that using symbian phones for more than a decade now. Putting the term "real work" into context makes sense here because iPad gets compared to laptops a lot but it can't even remotely be used for the breadth of work that you can get done on a desktop in a practical sense.
Note: this thread is about Kindle Unlimited, which has a different monetization/payment model than regular Kindle ebooks. KU readers do not "buy" KU ebooks, any more than Netflix users "buy" the TV shows that they are streaming.

If someone pays $10/mo for access to a library of tens of thousands of books but doesn't actually read any of them, then Amazon gets income without having to pay royalties, in the same way that Netflix still gets your money if you subscribe but don't watch anything. This is true even if you decided to subscribe to KU/Netflix because "Oh, I should get around to reading Harry Potter/watching Stranger Things" and then don't get around to actually reading Harry Potter or watching Stranger Things. This is very much legal.
Not in docker. The entire point of docker is isolation so when you use something like python3.7-slim, its fine to use the system python. Thats the whole point of using the image.

Now you still want to run and install pip packages as a non-root user of course, but you don't need a virtualenv in docker.
I am not on an iphone but I would say 10 to 15 percent more.
Lots of nimbyism, for a start.
How many billions were made off of Amazon with a bus factor of 1?
HK CO-Working Space Operator Worktech Gets US$15M, Eyes Sea Expansion
Not necessarily a bad thing, really. For billions of people cheap food, cheap gas, and a big TV is a dream.
Hey HN!
I really enjoy this type of App Security, anyone know any blogs devoted to this? Or any other places to learn more tricks like this?
For those that prefer their stories in a Swedish power metal music video format: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuJk6MDUZFM
Traveling twice as fast three times as far isn't a win.
Gems are fine-ish... they rubygems infrastructure is really slow, though. Maybe github packages will be better. And the ton or native code compilation sucks a bit, especially when compared to Go. CGO isn’t all roses, but it’s still a bit less common because you can get comparable performance with pure Go.
Top Cryptocurrency Investment Research Firms
Ask HN: Would You Pay for a Recommendation?
Would you pay for expert advice before making a purchase?

For example say you want to start playing guitar, you pay to be connected to a guitarist that gives you personalized advice on what best guitar to buy. Or for example, you are a parent, what is the best video game console + monitor you can buy for your son?
Would appreciate to hear some thoughts.
The valuation of Tesla also seems very high to me at first, but given their growth in the other segments such as energy storage and generation, I absolutely think that the valuation could be justified.

Tesla owns the entire vertical from battery cell manufacturing, using those cells to do work (automotive), home and grid energy storage, and solar generation. Throw in the rest of Elon’s companies and you also get the transportation network itself (Boring) and even the data provider for these cars that need to be highly connected (Starlink). And if you really want to believe Elon, some weird, someday a pressurized version of the Cybertruck might become the transportation off of this planet.
I get that people don't think twice about giving it away. But it's another thing for that to be the moral justification for defending the merits of facial recognition.

Pardon my take, but:

A large uprising is starting to swell in the name of privacy, but the swing voter is concerned about what is essentially the visual equivalent of the "Which Disney Princess are you?" quiz.
How does this stop someone from claiming that the displayed document was different to the one that was “signed”?
IIUC: If you hard link two files, changing one file changes the other. If you dedupe two blocks, it will copy-on-write, meaning that changing one block does not change the other.

It's not an intrinsic property of file-dedupe vs block-dedupe. It's just how it's conventionally done.
that particular feature the author talks about has been around since the ipod era. then again, stripping previously ubiquitous functionality has been apple's m/o in the later half of this decade.
> Copy/paste works between many iPad applications.

Meanwhile, on desktop I can't paste between Emacs and Confluence because Atlassian went out of their way to break it.

I know what people are trying to get at here, but I think there's also a lot of tunnel vision and selective memory.

Realistically, it's only easier to share data on the PC if the application developers made it easy to share data. There's no shortage of proprietary and undocumented file formats. Heck, there's a small industry built up just for converting CAD files between different formats.

It's really not much different on the iPad.
It looks great. Do you like it better than Slack?
Americans' Take on the U.S. Is Improved, but Still Mixed
Yep it took me a few tries as well. It didn’t help that at the time I worked with some bitter people who liked to disparage at every turn: “you never quit, you just stop for a while”. That kind of nonsense.

My doctor was a real motivator, and yet never laid a guilt trip.

Ultimately, taking some time off and feeling as terrible as I needed for few days really made a difference. Not everyone can make that time. I will say that after the first week it was mainly habits and the waning cravings but the best part is that:

It gets easier and easier and easier and then you forget you ever did.
It is a bad thing that lives for many people have been reduced to being trapped in cars, eating shitty food and watching mindless crap on tv.
Superwalking Droplets
Opt-out link:

https://www.facebook.com/settings?tab=facerec
An actual pressure tablet peripheral and desktop software beats the iPad easily. Not even a question.
Let's Destroy C
> does that mean you can smoke with no health consequences by stopping when you're middle aged?

There are many health consequences - lung health is just one
To be fair here, it kind of is the question right?

I mean, say you and I are at a neighborhood kid's birthday party with our own kids. Suppose further that you take some pictures, and then post them publicly. Maybe to your FB?

Well, I never really gave you permission to use my image on your FB. Let alone publicly. I know that I certainly would never consent to publishing images of my children publicly. Further, I suspect the birthday party's host wouldn't give you permission to post his/her family's images on FB either.

So here we are, with all of these people on your public FB. None having signed or even given verbal authorization for any sort of release. And now FB starts running FaceRec on all the information you just gave them. To top it all off, my family and I don't even use FB. Never have. So it really can't even be claimed that we consented to facial recognition via the terms and conditions of service.

I only outlined all of that to outline this, just because a person's image is in public doesn't mean that the person consented to the image being public. Especially images taken from private spaces, (like bday parties at some kid's house).
> Automotive revenue is basically flat year-over-year. Total revenue is up only 2%. So, Tesla isn't really growing.... On the plus side, Model 3 production and sales are up over 40% YoY which is excellent, but it's clear why revenue is flat: Model S/X sales are down significantly and they carry a high price tag. For every three Model 3 sales, they lost a Model S/X sale. That's certainly to be expected. The Model 3 is really nice. However, it does mean that revenue is flat.

In Q4 2018 they sold 27,607 S/X, and in Q4 2019 they sold 19,475 (-8132, 29%). In Q4 2018 they sold 63,359 M3, and in Q4 2019 they sold 92,620 (+29,261, 46%). Vehicle production over the trailing 12 months increased from ~245k to 365k (~50%).

Why didn't revenue grow? It's not just the 8,000 fewer Model S/X, because S/X doesn't cost 3.6x a Model 3. Just as important was the ASP of the Model 3 fell... about $7,500 to be precise.

> If they're pushing out around 600k cars this year, becoming 10x the size would put them in the same place as Ford and GM. A 17x increase would make them larger than Toyota. But that's going to take time. It looks like Tesla is looking to increase production capacity by 15.6% in 2020 (from their slides).

Tesla says their current production capacity is 640k vehicles (I was surprised by this - it's well beyond the promised "500k run rate by the end of 2019", so I think we're seeing the full effect of Giga Shanghai turning on here).

By mid-2020 Tesla has said they will be running at a 740k annualized production rate based on added Fremont capacity for Model Y. They have said they intend to increase Model 3 capacity in Shanghai and have at least equivalent capacity for Model Y starting in 2021. That means Shanghai + Fremont will be producing nearly 1m annually in 2021. Now, at that point Berlin will be coming online, which is planned to produce 500k units/year. The upshot I think is that production capacity is increasing at a rate of 40-50% year-over-year -- I'm not sure where you got 15.6% from.

> Even if they're the next VW (the second largest auto maker sitting just behind Toyota), VW is only a $95B company - and there's a lot of risk between now and Tesla selling 10M cars per year.

Many people confuse market cap with enterprise value. VW enterprise value is $255B vs $110B for Tesla. You have to subtract the outstanding debt, of which Tesla has very little compared to most automakers, before you get down to Market Cap, which is the value remaining for the shareholders.

All that said, it is clear that the current valuation of Tesla has ceased to be based purely on fundamentals.
> To justify their current valuation, the “bull case” is for them to dominate the entire automative industry (not just the EV segment)

Toyota has over twice the market cap that Tesla has (230 billion vs 105 billion) and considering how big the auto industry is outside of just these 2 companies, I don't know how you think an automotive company at 105 billion is vastly overvalued.
Or even using AI to moo at them to reduce their stress levels.
All three runs were on work wifi. There is some bottleneck in between my work and apartment since my apartment connection is 550 / 36. It isn’t a test of raw wireguard performance, but rather a realistic best case scenario for full internet tunneling on the go.
I keep trying VSCode and Jupiter Labs every so often and yet I keep going back to the old Jupiter Notebook web UI. It’s getting better but it’s still not as good. For example, just the way VSCode displays a Pandas dataframe when you do something like .head() just isn’t as nice as Jupiter Notebook’s output. Anecdotally I’ve been developing software for 2 decades from C, Java, all the web crap, using Vim, IDEs, etc. and I _still_ prefer Jupiter Notebooks (not Labs, it sucks) over anything in terms of just how quickly you can iterate. With Vim keystrokes plugin and Black plugin I feel very comfortable.
Thanks for answering. If you don't mind me asking, why is it important to you to minimize data leakage? (Not trying to say it's wrong, I'd like to understand your POV).
Reminds me a bit of the "put a tooth in coke for a month" experiments. I'm not sure these sorts of things mean all that much.
I really can't fathom the reasoning behind this much passion about astronomy tied to this much hatred of putting things in space.
Your parents were in their 40-50s when you were born? That's certainly not the norm.
RMS has basically single handedly tried to push "Open source can be proprietary, only free software is good" Every other orgs definition has had Open source mean the actual license is open.

"Free software" is also an absolutely awful term because for 99.9% of the population "free" means it didn't cost them any money. This will never change no matter how hard RMS tries because its a very common and understood word.
Is that supposed to be high? It's like a quarter of the Bay Area.
> this is a benefit of a CoW filesystem, not offline dedupe

It's one method of gaining CoW. And ZFS does not support CoW between files. But whatever feature you lump it under, it's an advantage Btrfs has.

> Then mount them writable,

You can't.[1] And even if you could, you can't make a hard link between subvolumes.

[1] You can 'clone' a snapshot to make a writable subvolume, but the original read-only snapshot can never be deleted while the clone exists, so this doesn't help you fix duplicates.
Kobo comes close. there are invasive analytics but it's trivial to modify the embedded Linux it runs + hostsfile it etc.
Thanks for the info - I’m a big fan and very appreciative of Wix’s RN contributions!
The point I wanted to make was that string "nan" is usually not as useful as floating point NaN when dealing with numerical data. Therefore, as default behavior it is acceptable, if one has to make a choice.
I don't think the term is defined as narrowly as going into the wilderness. For example, they say:

> only 18% of Americans played outside at least once a week

I doubt one in five Americans are driving out to national parks once a week, so "outdoor recreation" probably includes things like soccer in a city park or going for a bike ride.

That being said, I wish the article was less vague with its use of terms like "play outside" and "outdoor recreation" so we didn't have to read tea leaves to deduce the reality.
I’m not in my lane here, but I’m guessing there are a number of variables—length of habit, physical history, exercise habits, genetics, so on.

Not sure its worth wagering on it.
I'm really quite reluctant to touch it at all; on my Arch machine the installation will take up 366.38 MiB (including dependencies), which feels horribly bloated; my understanding is that it "does everything", but I prefer to subscribe to the UNIX philosophy.

Does Calibre come with a fully fledged command line interface? I wasn't able to find much in the documentation, and I'm reluctant to touch the codebase having heard various horror stories.
Yes, and not just for the recco, but for the "why you suggest this / what's the competition" discussion that compresses months or years of relevant knowledge down to say, 30min of advice hopefully tailored to your need.

The problem is, where do you find that being sold, and how can you trust the vendor, for all but a few recognized fields where such consultations are normal practice.
Both Hazard and Opportunity: On the Coromantees Enslaved in Jamaica
I see this too - see https://imgur.com/a/029OQCn if the parent's screenshots are not enough.
In fact, Deliveries exceeded Production in Q4, Q3, and Q2, and fell short of production by 14,000 vehicles in Q1 2019.

[1] - https://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesl...

[2] - https://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesl...

[3] - https://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesl...

[4] - https://ir.tesla.com/news-releases/news-release-details/tesl...
Wonder how long it take for US police to ask UK police to do a search for them?

Or if that's actually be design.
You're welcome. Even without MPPT inverters/chargers in the mix, you can take a 1,000V (maximum US NEC allowed IIRC) string of panels (obviously in series) fully black out one cell out of hundreds, and your entire system will do nothing (assuming your panels do not have bypass junction boxes and are straight-series.) That blacked out cell essentially acts like a full clog in a pipe - nothing will pass because of that 'dead' cell, until you remove that whole panel and replace it or bypass it.

We test by shading different cells at a known light level, and seeing how far the panel as a whole deviates from our expected baseline. Usually what we'll find is that a cell hadn't had its ribbon bars properly soldered while in the tab/string machine, so the shading of the cell dramatically reduces performance. You can't catch this kind of defect easily in an EL tester, as usually you've got enough contact between ribbon and cell to get the entirety of the cell to emit light, thus hiding defects from soldering. So we implemented that shading test to root out bad cells/bad soldering jobs. Quite proud of having thought of that testing methodology, because I've not seen any other company test panels in that manner.
It's not clear from the article what this really means.

Up to 40% after what time frame? By the end of the study? Was the study a few months? 5 years? Does it continue to get better or just stop at 40%?
We're using an Alpine based image while prototyping an application at work right now. I really dislike the APK, it is so limited compared to what comes with APT. I guess its a little smaller than the limited Ubuntu image available, but APK is just not any fun to work with.

Just my two cents.
I started using Julia recently. It seems like Julia has been able to take the good parts of Python and iron out the quirks. For example, I'm guessing the Julia DataFrame library is a knock off of Pandas, but the syntax more intuitive and concise - and I can remember it.

For Julia itself, the syntax is very similar to Python but doesn't have the weird lambda functions. It has the Javascript style arrow for short anonymous functions and the Ruby style "do" for longer functions. And finally, Julia is fast. I have a python/pandas script that take 3 days to run. Moving it over to Julia now.
Connect buyers with experts who have no bias towards any particular brand or product.
For the same reason apple doesn't have a cheap, low end iPhone.

Tesla cars are nice cars. Polluting that brand with a cheap bicycle is a mistake IMO.
Fun fact: the Toronto Public Library provides free subscriptions to PressReader for those who live in the city limits or work or attend school here as long as you hold a library card.

It’s worth petitioning your local libraries to do the same.
The standard we have for drugs now was paid for in lives.

Elixir Sulfonamide, Profusion of Barbiturate use in the 50's, Thalidomide (which the US missed because of our more stringent rules), Phen-Fen - I can go on.
What doing research in microgravity can teach us
Google Chrome Tests Replacing URLs with Search Queries in Address Bar
Igraph 0.8.0 released. 6 years, 1222 commits since 0.7.0
It's interesting to see the luke warm reaction to this and compare it to 10? years ago. Just the mention of Google moving into a new space back then seemed like a good send. Now... Not so much
> Not that much has changed

The short interest has declined from a high of ~44 million shares in mid-May last year to about 25 million shares currently, which is currently 18.7% of float.

[1] - https://twitter.com/ihors3/status/1222630157535588352/photo/...