skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_on_First%3F

>The premise of the sketch is that Abbott is identifying the players on a baseball team for Costello, but their names and nicknames can be interpreted as non-responsive answers to Costello's questions. For example, the first baseman is named "Who"; thus, the utterance "Who's on first" is ambiguous between the question ("Which person is the first baseman?") and the answer ("The name of the first baseman is 'Who'").

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sShMA85pv8M

I imagine that kind of ambiguity has been 'played' with for forever, though.
But "apply a function to every object in a list" isn't the definition that the author is getting at!

Most programmers probably know "map" as being an operation takes a function and a list and returns a list of the results of the function applied to each element of the input list. However, the "map" operation can be generalized to generic types other than lists, where it has different behavior but shares certain properties. In functional programming, the idea of a functor gives a name to this pattern.

The idea is that if you have some generic type `T a` covariant in `a`, there is a function `map : (a -> b) -> T a -> T b` that can "lift" every function `f : a -> b` into a function `map f : T a -> T b`. The lifting operation respects function composition and identity.

However, what if the function has multiple arguments, e.g. `f : a -> (b -> c)`? Then, `map f : T a -> T (b -> c)` An applicative functor lets you convert that `T (b -> c)` into a `T b -> T c`. So, with applicative functors, you can individually map each parameter of a multi-parameter function.

A monad is a functor that can be "flattened." It has an operation `join : T (T a) -> T a`, as well as an operation `return : a -> T a`. A monad can be seen as generalizing the idea of flattening a list, or generalizing async/await.
Sarcasm doesn't do well on HN. Maybe for good reason.
Well, you do need capital markets, even small ones. For cultural reasons Finland really does not have them. For example, there are no local banks. The whole country has only a few large banks which all require collateral. And here, you don't really go asking for an investment from friends and families.

The main cultural difference here that failure is seemed extremely shamefull. And taking loans from friends and family more or less dubious. And if you failed, and had asked loans from friends and families, would be crushingly shamefull. Hence this creates fear, hence it's not really done.
>What does "meaningfull" mean?

Meaningful means more according to several hundred millennia of evolution as social animals that need actual proximity.

It means the person on the other end of the conversation will come to your house and help you when you're sad, desperate, sick, and not just be some alias in some other city/country who'll forget all about you just after you've stopped chatting (or give total priority to his real world friends and family).

It means common shared friendship building experiences - not just the sharing, via talk, of experiences each had in isolation in a totally different place, in another context.

It means having you back and you having theirs, which is rarely if ever the case from people in forums.

And a few other things besides.
It will only ever be compiled with clang, so as long as clang doesn't implement this behavior in a way that will cause it to be incorrect, that's fine.

If it were to be special-cased, it would probably require an attribute or a pragma or something. While it's not unheard of for compilers to automatically detect they are compiling the standard library, it's fairly rare.
Thanks, that's the term I was looking for.
Just start a simple project with Ansible and have a look at the repositories using Ansible to install Docker and deploy containers on your host afterwards.

You may want to put some effort (not that much) into managing your credentials with Ansible Vault[0] and you can try your playbooks e.g. on a Vagrant Machine[1] before applying them to a real host.

Any tutorial will do for the beginning but you should always notice what version of Ansible you are using (vs. the one used in the tutorial) as features change and also there have been some changes to the syntax to improve readability of your playbooks.

[0]: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/vault.htm...
[1]: https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/provisioning/ansible.html
Battery cost is plummeting, Tesla is at the forefront of that. They can collect all the extra margin, or drop prices as needed
If the OP doesn’t get to be a gatekeeper, why do you get to be a change agent?
Show HN: LABStack
Very interesting: this is one possible explanation for all the times I've heard someone say something that doesn't make sense to me, and I go "Can you hear yourself right now? How did that sound to you when you thought about saying it".

And I guess the answer is no: they can't. This might genuinely be the first time they've heard those words uttered.
History of 1918 Flu Pandemic
The Y will have more demand. Crossover rules the us market
And I'm feeling good (on Instagram, not so much on Twitter)
From the official documentation:

> Functors: uniform action over a parameterized type, generalizing the map function on lists.

> Is it really more complicated than "apply a function to every object in a list"?

It is defined for more data structures then just a lists. Other than that, not at all.

As far as I can tell, the only reason Haskell has both map and fmap is because "map" came first. When applied to a list, fmap and map are identical.
I remember people discussing the MIDI 2.0 standard back in 2005 and the arguments since then haven't changed. No one needed it back then and the idea that it would become a breakthrough 14 years later is beyond me because no one has needed it since.

Wikipedia talking about that the protocol having been "researched" since then, that gave me a good chuckle.

For reference in 2005 the iPhone didn't exist was two years away and people were wearing layered polo-shirts

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIDI#MIDI_2.0
It seems like the common factor enforcing the monopoly is high capital cost as a barrier to entry. That moat allows monopolizing companies to focus their resources on capturing the state to maintain their monopoly status.

The remedy would seem to be for more decisive government action - to regulate or nationalize the infrastructure, break up the incumbents as necessary, and create a robust market for services that utilize the infrastructure and pay rents and taxes to the government.
I actually didn't realize that. I think I confluated the death of Oasis with Sandstorm in general. I'll have to poke into running it:) Thanks for the correction!
I had the same. Afternoon shift was horrible. I suppose they could make it less horrible with good sun-mimicking lightning indoors.
Any individual build they're referencing there runs on a single vm (the cluster referenced there is the k8s cluster being built up and torn down on that vm to run e2e tests on). It looks like at the time they were using GCP standard-8 instances, which are 4 core/8 thread w/30GB of ram. It's hard to say exactly what the current build time is, as it looks like they do some build caching now; on my desktop a fully clean build of current kubernetes master (3.2 million loc) for linux/amd64 takes just under 2 minutes.
Ah, sorry. Your comment was just that "It's OK if nobody invests". I was responding to that in general principle.

European governments are throwing money at all sorts of dubious things. I don't think being inept about how to create new business value is the worst thing they do. At least there is funding available.

I suppose the thing that ires you is - is this funding inclusive or is it only supplied to cronies. Knowing european systems, I think, like everywhere, having connections of course helps, but in general the systems are built with some level of inclusivity in mind.
Show HN: Pay your team well by keeping track of and regularly reviewing salaries
It lost it's subtle manipulation element too. Gas lighting was causing doubt to spread, using manipulation tools the abuser thought were flying under the radar of the victim. The victim fell oblivious to the changes in worldview. It lost all connection to psychotherapy when it became a politicized term.
The Tesla semi is a whole new game in battery production. 300kwhr packs? If tech gets good, Tesla could find buyers for 1000 kwhr packs.
(In case this gets deleted)

Grandparent post:

> What is the monetization method of Community? Do they charge the celebrities who are using it?
They say in their faq they aren't data mining, using ads, or charging the fans.

Parent post:

> Yeah that's it on the blog it explains. The celebrities pay to use it. It's a cool model

Both posts made by the same (brand new) account.

This is some of the laziest astroturfing on HN I've ever seen. You didn't think we'd see though this?
For me it really depends. I have two ways of representing my speech.

1) experience the words as if I'm saying them out loud but don't vocalize them. This is similar to how a lot of people read, so I figure I'm technically subvocalizing them.

2) especially when doing math or programming I simply know what I was about to think using method 1) without any specific words springing up.

I can't figure out if method 1 is me having an auditory internal monologue or if it's non-auditory. But at least you have a second experience to contextualize with.

EDIT: I would also like to add that sometimes when programming my mind switches to a graph-like representation that I start to manipulate physically. That is, I'll actually move my fingers in the air and move around the idea of this graph to "view" it from different perspectives and at different levels "Minority Report"-stye. Yes, that is something I try not to do anywhere but at home.
I broke it in a bad way. Pattern chugged along fine and then it froze and a random white rectangle appeared. (N=3)
https://imgur.com/a/IlmdkC6
And also trading off with how easy it is to understand the system. If you have one monolith in most cases it's a single code base you can navigate through and understand exactly who calls who and why.
If you use one of the bytes for a null terminator, then you can't use it for a character in the string, so isn't that 23 characters?
Or ETL approach is all based on elixir (erlang) and it has some drawbacks, but ease of debugging is not one of them. No libraries, just code.
>Now all people do is complain

Amen, brother! For a language that has been so supremely successful in the "real world", i simply don't understand the HN crowd's disdain for it.

As an aside, "printf format strings" are actually a DSL and hence the complexity. In their book, The Practice of Programming Kernighan & Pike actually show how to implement something similar for Network Packet encoding/decoding. It is quite neat and validates the power of this approach.
Note many dynamically typed languages have static types. Objective-C, Java, TypeScript, Dart, etc. The dynamic types bring new capabilities above and beyond what is possible with static types.

(That is, the dynamic-or-static choice is a product type, not a sum type!)
Well, in the case of functors - yes, that's basically it. Except it's also "apply a function to every object in a tree", "apply a function to an optional object (if it's there)", and so on (there's a list of ones built into Haskell's standard library here [1]).

And then the real kicker is - very often stuff can use that general functor idea ("apply a function to whatever objects are inside this wrapping object, whatever it is") instead of being written against a specific, concrete kind of thing. And then you can use that stuff in all kinds of unexpected places, and combine it with other stuff written in the same way, and it all composes together and works harmoniously.

[1] https://hackage.haskell.org/package/base-4.12.0.0/docs/Prelu...
Aphantasia: It Feels to Be Blind in Your Mind
Just imagine being born deaf. At best, a sign.language monologue could happen, but it would be a completely 'visual' experience.
Whenever I am encountering an abstract concept internally, it does not appear as a clear visual representation but rather as its gestalt. Then there are two things happening. 1. most of these seem to bring their own set of keywords with them. 2. on the basis of these keywords I can further probe the concept using my internal monologue, like using a spotlight to get more details and pulling it out of the twilight of its gestalt. Step 2 is only necessary to explain the concept to others or put it in writing. All in all the transfer from gestalt concept to language sure leaves something behind but it also adds something that it could not have on its own.
NTS radio
This makes Vice look like state media. If they were capable of being real, independent journalists, they'd say "government says there were no drones", not mindlessly parroting.

>CDPS “confirmed no incidents involving criminal activity, nor have investigations substantiated reports of suspicious or illegal drone activity.” In other words, they found nothing.

This doesn't say "they found nothing." It says "they found nothing illegal."

So what if they're testing drone swarms anyways. It's inevitable.
Value of algorithmic music recommendations depends. The Discover Weekly tracks? Rarely are they great. But if I create a new playlist from a particular track I love (i.e., only one track in the playlist), and I look at the recommended tracks to add to the playlist, I often find gems. Maybe one in ten tracks will be great. Some might moan "only one in ten?" But to me that's amazing.
I kinda doubt it. That machine has 72GB of RAM and everything can fit in cache. Also, building a very much larger C++ project (e.g. Firefox) can saturate all the cores no problem.
India and China have to go full electric or global warming will be insane.

You're talking 3 billion people that all want cars.
One suggestion is to go looking for playlists with the song you like. In your case it turned up this playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/0IubbAKiMSr6tzt5Zjlmrv

Personally i have a playlist that new/interesting songs are added to, so perhaps some site where playlists could be uploaded and then searched would be useful.

Also, i can recommend the Track Radio feature of Tidal.
Show HN: I built an iOS app for tracking fitness training
The last thing I need is another landfill keyboard, and I've got dozens of spare power cables. Totally sign me up for unbundling those.
Hi HN -

Just shipped my training log side project on iOS and wanted to get feedback from anyone out there that are looking for better ways to track their running/cycling/swimming training. I built it with the following goals in mind:

- Create a calendar interface that makes it super easy to see where my training mileage/time is at for a given week and where the gaps are in my cross-training

- Makes it possible to set weekly goals across activity types for both distance and duration

- Makes it super simple to create a training plan ahead of a race right on my phone

Thanks everybody!
Too many game stores? Here’s how to get them all on Steam
I don't know how the Rust compiler is built. However, I am implementing an Ownership/Borrowing system for the D programming language, and to make it work requires Data Flow Analysis. DFA is slow. It's normally only used for optimized builds, which is why optimized builds are slow.

But when DFA is a required semantic feature of the language, it has to be done for debug builds, too, and so they're going to be slow.
I've often noticed how a founder even with millions of dollars in cash flow may not have started with any investment of other people's money, but also may not be in a situation where they can offer any of their own money as an investment in someone else's venture either.

So there's not much pure capitalism involved, financial focus is on well overcoming the cost of doing business by making money pleasing customers.

Lots of successful entrepreneurs are like this.

OTOH, a suitable venture capitalist is expected to have much greater resources first of all, intended to be put to work symbiotically where the investment leverages the founder's corporation, and the corporation thereby makes better returns for the capitalist than could generally be obtained in public markets.

The more pure the capitalist component, the more purely the financial focus can be simply on returns of some form.

Lots of succesful capitalists are like this.

And both can get together in a way which everybody wins.

Probably ideal if the inherent imbalance of strength/resources can be compensated for to make sure of it.

If the capitalist is so overwhelmingly strong and therefore more powerful, the founder might as well not consider themself a capitalist at all by comparison.

Both seem to prosper well when the capitalist not only wants healthy returns but truly also wants the founder to grow into a stronger capitalist themself, and makes it real.

That way both can focus on the retuns from a similar perspective.

Without that there's more chance of returns being made through cannibalistic activity if one beast is much bigger and gets hungry, and the way smaller species has no effective defense.
It is not possible to implement distributed locking correctly in the general case. Fencing tokens only work if your data store supports RMW operations, in which case you could just implement locking inside the data store itself.
Most of my favorite music albums from the last couple of years I discovered with sputnikmusic.com by following certain reviewers and their news and charts.

It worked really well at exploring different genres and music I otherwise would have never listened to before but can't get enough of now.
You were incorrect. Your daughter said “The W.H.O.” where as you only said “Who”
I would say I don't have an internal monologue. But that doesn't mean my mind isn't wandering all over the place. I don't talk to myself, I don't play out conversations in my head. Instead it's more like a collection of "thoughts", or "images", or visualizing myself "doing". I can get extremely caught up in this. There's also an awful lot of contemplating objects, observing features, visualizing how they interact.

Very little "words", however, unless I'm actually talking aloud or writing.

Come to think of it, I wonder if this could have anything to do with why I always found "reading comprehension" tests curiously difficult & strangely capricious in school.
Amazon Employees Share Views on Company Business
>Haskell has no null definition of type Char, at least according to this Stack Overflow answer. Python doesn't distinguish between Char and String types with single and double quotes, so empty char is empty string is an empty list. It seems weird to me that for all the typing wealth Haskell provides, this base case doesn't exist, though I personally don't know what it is.

An empty string is equivalent to an empty list []

If you want a null use the maybe monad.
This Equation will change how you see the world [video]
> a lot of subsequent development of calculus and physics happened in France.

Yes. For instance, it's almost certain that Joseph Fourier would have studied du Châtelet's work.
Martin Shkreli was doomed from the start, never underestimate the power of being the media's boogieman.

His crime was essentially using investors funds improperly, all ended paid back in full, many made decent profits.
Yeah, this.

If you can't ask questions you didn't think of in advance, you didn't collect data.
Not sure why you were downvoted. There have been lawsuits [1][2] about Indian nepotism in US companies. As always, people are quick to claim "racism".

[1] https://qz.com/india/889524/the-us-says-oracle-is-encouragin...

[2] https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/09/09/h-1b-san-jose-tech-fi...
I seriously doubt it. Now these are not a finnish examples, but Swedish, but I challenge anyone only knowing English:

What is the salary tax breaking point for 2020?

When do you need to have declared and paid VAT during 2020 if you are one a 3 month schedule?

These are basic knowledge questions for a freelancer with a Swedish Aktiebolag, easily googleable in Swedish but challenging if you don't know it.
Having compared IBM's cloud offerings against AWS, Azure and GCP... the vast majority of what IBM is calling cloud is a stretch. In my current engagement them running another companies servers in that companies datacenters == "cloud".
Hollywood is replacing artists with AI. Its future is bleak
Unique storage for multiple services sounds like a recipe for disaster.
The purpose of splitting services, at least one of, is to decouple parts of the code at a fundamental level, including storage and overall ownership thereof.
You're probably better served with a modular monolith if you really can't break storage up.
Can you elaborate on why data flow analysis is slow, necessarily? For example, does it need whole-program information, or does it do some sort of fixed point, or is the algorithmic complexity super-linear, or something else?
No movie that I know of. But there is a play Emelie: La Marquise du Châtelet Defends Her Life Tonight.
Wow that's cool !
It's like perlin noise for grownups :D
This seems to be the move for languages moving forward.
Frustratingly, when the main character did exactly this in 2001: A Space Odyssey, the audience were frustrated because it was so unrealistic that someone would survive it (-_-)
I'm not very familiar with the C++ standard, but in the C standard a load from a different union member than the last store isn't undefined behavior, it's unspecified behavior. That's a big difference. So long as the store doesn't generate a trap representation (and most architectures don't have such representations anymore) when reinterpreted as the new type, then you can rely on the behavior, it's just that you'll need to refer to compiler documentation to understand the values reliably produced.

Moreover, there are additional guarantees when reading through char types, as well as unsigned types, so depending on the precise code things may very well be totally well defined.

C doesn't disallow type punning. The gotchas mostly have to do with visibility to the compiler, otherwise the compiler may reorder loads and stores. The safest way to do type punning is through union members as the standard makes additional guarantees that restrict the types of optimizations a compiler can make.
Sigh. Technology is #3 on the list.

If you're reading this, and you're nodding in agreement, please, please read this first: http://hackeducation.com/2019/12/31/what-a-shitshow

Technology really is not a top 3 problem in the US (and I'd wager, not in any country). Vendors, politicians, and institutions have been using it as a silver bullet to address the more profound problems though.

Maybe that's what they meant? It seems you actually have to spend $10 to learn any more, and I'm not inclined...
The Fractured Future of Browser Privacy
I’ve removed a couple HN posts that were super critical of China for fear of some type of online repercussions. You never know.
He reported to both.
Eliminating C++ exceptions makes code 15% faster versus using “noexcept“
No, only one service is reading/writing, everything else just call that. Still, things get quite lost when it involves talking to multiple other teams and needing to keep everything in sync.
> The article says a "new type of coronavirus", which is presumably a misunderstanding on the reporter's part

It's ambiguous, but I think they just mean 2019-nCoV. It's the one that was discovered late 2019. As opposed to the coronaviruses that were already known for years or decades.
You’re getting downvoted, but I agree.

At least in biotech, patents drive a ton investment. How else do you get companies with billion dollar series A’s?
I don't hear anything. I just "see" my thoughts.