skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Depending on the exact route, West Seattle to Ballard via Downtown will involve one or two tunnels, one regular-height bridge, and possibly one very tall bridge. If we take the "preferred EIS alternative," it's two tall bridges and one long tunnel. Plus all of the station work and the myriad extra stuff that neighborhoods and regional politicians insist on being crammed into light rail expansion.

Add on that Sound Transit, unlike most transit agencies, has pretty stout restrictions on its borrowing capability. Sound Transit cannot sell bonds to pay for the entire project, or even most of it, up front, due to a debt cap imposed by the Washington State constitution. So it borrows, builds, pays down with tax revenue, then borrows again, and so on. This form of borrowing incurs more interest expense and requires a much longer timeframe for construction because the money simply isn't available and isn't available efficiently. (Also, the voters of the Sound Transit tax district have consistently voted in favor of these tax increases over the past 21 years, so it isn't like we didn't have a say in the spending.)

Here's where I'll editorialize for a little bit, and I am sorry if this sounds like I'm personally attacking you. I promise I'm not, but I do get a little frustrated: All of this is endlessly debated, particularly in transit advocacy circles. Sound Transit isn't operating like this because someone woke up and thought "well, better do a shit job and spend 15 years building because fuck the taxpayers." We got where we are through a series of decisions made over the course of sixty years--dating back to the original votes on Forward Thrust and the freeway revolt and an earlier taxpayer revolt against public borrowing--and now we live with those consequences.

It's not fair or reasonable to point to a country with a cost of living half of Puget Sound's and a wildly different tax and public agency system. For one big example, I checked and the bulk of the Warsaw Metro's M1 €230 million expansion was financed in one big block by a consortium of investment banks and the Polish central government. The M2 €1 billion expansion is half-funded solely by the EIB. We don't have the benefit of those public banks in Washington. The closest we get is Federal Transit Agency funding from the US federal government in the other Washington, but even that is usually a third to just under half of a project's cost (and is often in the form of loans, not direct grants, that further reduce borrowing capacity). Local borrowing, a piece at a time, from tax revenue makes up the rest.

We'd love to discuss all of this with you instead of you just being mad that you feel like you're being screwed by a bunch of freeloading transit riders.

Expansion map: https://www.soundtransit.org/system-expansion/west-seattle-b...

M2 funding source article: https://www.railwaypro.com/wp/warsaw-receives-eib-funding-fo...
Fare play: Airbus will help airlines hedge volatile ticket prices
It's a lovely idea to build pandas like functionality on top of NumPy's structured dtypes, but these benchmarks comparing PandaPy to Pandas are extremely misleading. The largest input dataset has 1258 rows and 9 columns, so basically all these tests shows is that PandaPy has less Python overhead.

For a more representative comparison, let's make everything 1000x larger, e.g.,
closing = np.concatenate(1000 * [closing])

Here's how a few representative benchmark change:

- describe: PandasPy was 5x faster, now 5x slower

- add: PandasPy was 2-3x faster than pandas, now ~15x slower

- concat: PandasPy was 25-70x faster, now 1-2x slower

- drop/rename: PandasPy is now ~1000x faster (NumPy can clearly do these operations without any data copies)

I couldn't test merge because it needs a sorted dataset, but hopefully you get the idea -- these benchmarks are meaningless, unless for some reason you only care about manipulating small datasets very quickly.

At large scale, pandas has two major advantages over NumPy/PandasPy:

- Pandas (often) uses a columnar data format, which makes it much faster to manipulate large datasets.

- Pandas has hash tables which it can rely upon for fast look-ups instead sorting.
So you just walk away from the sink and let a poisonous substance sit in your mouth while you slowly but surely swallow it all?
Ask HN: What common misconceptions do people have about raising capital?
Scientists Predict Wuhan's Virus Outbreak Will Get Much Worse
You can’t pick up a dictionary and determine how difficult it is to speak a language.

One of the most difficult things about pandas is knowing how to shape your data frame before you plug it in to something. Most of my frustration comes from finding the magic incantation of symbols that will reshape my data frame the right way.
Make an infinite energy machine by having magnets on a rotor, surrounded by monopoles on a stator (or vice versa), so the rotor is infinitely accelerated with no external input energy. Hook it up to an alternator and harness the free power.
Riven was difficult, but that doesn't do the game justice in my book. To me the game is a masterpiece in how it integrates storytelling with the world design and the puzzles so tightly. I'd have to spoil parts of the game to give good examples. There's one particularly fiendish puzzle that connects the numbers puzzle with animals appearing all over the place and a series of places all over the world that have weird wooden spheres embedded in rocks. And you have to find a well-hidden secret chamber first to see that this connection might even be there.

This is also part of why the game is so difficult. It does expect the player go through a certain sequence of events to advance the plot. But all of this is in a very open world that presents you with a lot of puzzle pieces that you can't do anything with initially. This breadth of possible options makes it harder to identify those pieces that the game wants you to connect in the puzzles. I've read a long while ago that the Millers have underestimated how much this drives difficulty. They said that later Myst series titles are designed to be more sequential experiences with less interconnected pieces as a result.
Yep it cooks thru consistently, no doubt about it.

The problem is a bit like cooking a huge ham. There's some flavour on outside due to Maillard reaction, but rest is a bit boring.

Also, it's possible to overcook steak after sous-vide. Placing steak into ice bath after sous-vide before sear helps a little bit!
Can't we just stop that traveling nightmare? Now it's not only going to destroy our climate, but also bringing the Zombie Apocalypse.
Actix(rust) vs. Netty(Java) vs. Fastify(Node.js)
When I tried to find out what "Privileges and Immunities" meant, IIRC, the Supreme Court had, within a few years after passage of the 14th amendment, defined it narrowly to include the right to travel from place to place, the right to sail the navigable waters of the U.S., and not much else. Has that changed?
Extra irony: I went to try Dogpile, but got redirected to some anti-something site (seems to not like my VPN IP) that wants me to do a Google Recaptcha.
All medicines balance on a knife's edge when it comes to benefits vs side-effects. Even water is dangerous if one drinks too much. Birth control is no different. The pill made it possible for women to decide when they wanted to have children. That's an immense benefit.

What's important is that the side-effects are known by the individuals that take the medicine.
The market seems to be reacting to this. Hard to tell how serious it really is relative to the flu, but would not be surprised if China was underplaying the numbers, both infected and deaths.
The man who got rich on data – years before Google
The Flywheel of Identity
The point where she talks about statistics took an already interesting essay, and popped it through the roof. It seems a little too rare that we discover really interesting things without also identifying and taking into account what biases we may have that influence our observations of them.
> It is like saying that discrete orbits of electron say nothing about quantization of associated EM potential.

That's right, they don't. There is no such thing as "quantization of EM potential". The electromagnetic field is quantized, if you're using quantum field theory, but in QFT there is no "EM potential". In non-relativistic QM, the EM potential term in the Hamiltonian is not quantized and does not exhibit quantum properties. Even in models which add relativistic corrections, such as the models used in the late 1940s to predict the Lamb shift, the "quantization of the EM field" only applies to the "quantum electromagnetic field" external to the atom; it does not apply to the EM potential due to the nucleus.

> the paper is pretty clear that position and motion of neutrons were primarily affected by gravitational field, and as result the neutron position got quantized

No, the neutron positions were not quantized "as a result" of the gravitational field. They are already quantized in the absence of a gravitational field, as shown by numerous previous experiments. The only thing this experiment shows, as I've already said, is that under appropriate conditions, you have to include the gravitational potential in the potential term in the Hamiltonian.
Sorry wasn't worded well, and in no way am claiming calva doesn't show inline information. I have used calva extensively though not in the past year. It should have read something like this:

> does it's best to some inline information ... but doesn't support displaying inline results nearly as well as lighttable or Chlorine.

So vscode/calva just adds text formatted only information information at the end of a line. This works fine if the result is short like say "hello world". But what happens if it's a large result, say a list of 100 items? In this case it just prints out some portion of the result or perhaps even the whole result? I can't even remember exactly. And if you throw exception, it's printed out on one very, very long line of text (or was last time I used it) at the end of the line. I can recall scrolling horizontally thousands and thousands of columns and trying to interpret the long the already hard to decipher clojure errors.

What Chlorine and LightTable do/did much better is show the large/long results in a formatted block below the line, and with large data structures allow formatted expansion, because atom isn't limited to only line based decorations.

Here even is the author of calva asking for more than just simple :before and :after line decorators in vscode. https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/3220#issuecomment...

Has calva been able to better handle inline errors and large results better? If so I need to try it out again.
> The global aviation industry produces around 2% of all human-induced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Aviation is responsible for 12% of CO2 emissions from all transports sources, compared to 74% from road transport.

First result on Google...
Different countries, different rules.
>Want to join two dataframes together like you'd join two database tables? df.join(other=df2, on='some_column') does the wrong thing, silently, what you really wanted was df.merge(right=df2, on='some_column')

Simply a matter of default type of join - join defaults to left while merge defaults to inner. They use the exact same internal join logic.

>What if they're optional? pd.DataFrame({'foo': [1,2,3,None]}) will silently change your integers to floating point values.

This was a long standing issue but is no longer true.

>Want to check if a dataframe is empty? Unlike lists or dicts, trying to turn a dataframe into a truth value will throw ValueError.

Those are 1D types where that's simple to reason about. It's not as straightforward in higher dimensions (what's the truth value of a (0, N) array?), which is why .empty exists
Have you considered that Quora is failing because it's user-hostile? I do not visit Quora links on Google because I know it's going to tease me with a snippet and force me to login.
Tampa Bay Times hit by ransomware attack
Yeah, I agree: it's super straightforward. It's hard for me to understand how people could find it inscrutable / confusing. Pandas is a LIFESAVER for anyone who needs to manipulate datasets programmatically.
see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22144120
> Roberts asked him whether there was a bridge we could cross further on. He shook his head and courteously informed us, in a Devonshire accent as soft and mulchy as the ground beneath our feet, that we were on land privately owned by one of his neighbours, and that the more densely forested territory across the river was private, too, and that we technically required a permit to walk this trail

Wouldn't this be covered by the right to roam [1] [2]? What he intended to do once he found a good spot might count as camping, which isn't covered, but just walking there seems like it would be covered.

[1] https://www.gov.uk/right-of-way-open-access-land/use-your-ri...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_to_roam
I’ve actually started to resort to Bing every now and again. It’s THAT bad.

I used to be able to get very specific and find lines in source code, for instance. Well, that probably breaks emoji search or something and is near impossible.

It’s always suggesting that I’d rather see something else. Short of typos, it’s NEVER right.
Lessons in Self-Care and Building an App-Based Startup with Mind Star Founder
yeah I also think their machine learning is terrible. Their recommendation engine was so bad that I unsubscribed, it was completely overfit.
Hmm, I'd only consider that if the planet at the neutron star was either Tiny or mineral-poor; with full tech, even an IRR Small is better than the TER Tiny created by an artificial planet...
Usenet in 2020
> I would guess it's more that America's cherished spirit of individualism

I suspect that the drive at the individual level to ...

> directly benefit oneself.

... is universal. Germans, Swedes, Chinese - they're all just as self serving as Americans. In America, we've just built a mythology around that "cherished spirit" that often impedes us from doing common sense things like investing in comprehensive mass transit in places that it makes a lot of sense to do so. It doesn't hurt that the narrative of individualism has been very effectively used by the auto industry.
Thank you! I think it was Space Empire Elite! Or possibly one of the later derivatives.

Man.... now I just have to track down a binary!
You should upgrade your version of pandas if possible - that's been fixed for a few versions now.
Nicely done. I was just taking them at their word instead of looking into the archive.
> This is only the symptom of the real problem, which is way too high cost of building. Light rail construction costs are planned to be around ~$500M/mile. In comparison, whole subway line in my home town of Warsaw, finished in 2014, built 6 miles of underground subway for ~$200M/mile. Considering that subway typically costs 5-8 times more than light rail per mile, $500M/mile is simply insane.

It's worth noting that if you look at the cost of ST2's University Link Extension, I believe it was $1.9b overall (with half of that coming from the federal gov) for 3.5 miles of completely underground Link, which would make the cost about ~$540M/mile all in, by my calculations. This is, at least, as complex as a "subway", no? I don't want to come off as attacking you personally, but I don't think saying that the cost of the University Link expansion should have been "5-8x less than $200M/mi" is reasonable.

I'm no expert, but I would love to see a cost breakdown of both projects - land acquisition, construction, cost of debt services etc. There's surely some complex work to be done in tunneling under the Montlake Cut, I would be land costs more to acquire in Seattle, etc. In addition, ST is bound by some really weird debt cap rules that mean they literally can't borrow money in the most advantageous way, which definitely increases the cost.

> I agree. At the same time, I'd like everyone to internalize the cost of the options they choose. That means charging the costs of transit to transit users, and at the same time, charging drivers for congestion they cause.

Sure. Looking at Sound Transit's numbers, they estimate that ST3 costs the typical adult $170 annually: https://www.soundtransit.org/get-to-know-us/news-events/news....

If you have a more expensive house, or a more expensive car, it's bound to cost you more. This seems appropriate to me - people with more money paying more than people with less money. As someone who is fortunate to be able to afford to own a home and a nice(r) car, I'm happy to pay a greater share of that pie.

Beyond that, it's not like we do a great job of externalizing the car here either, especially when the impact to the environment is taken into account. Do you think that people who only drive should not pay for the transit that takes cars off of the road so that they can afford to? It's not a zero sum game.

I don't feel like I'm getting fleeced by the government when I pay my ST-related taxes, and I don't feel like ST is trying to 'take advantage' of me. I'm confused where that mentality comes from, honestly.
I’ve been seeing containment numbers rising in the millions on the front page of NYTimes. In the morning it was 20 million. Then hours later it was mid 20s. It increased after that again. And now I’m reading 35 million. So, there’s a good possibility that China might be underplaying the infected and death numbers.
You don't have to watch Peppa Pig. And if you do, you can (the first time through) curate episodes that are better (like the composting one) and just not repeat the really stupid ones.

Old school Sesame Street is a lot of fun for adults. The early Zelda games are great. Kiki, Ponyo, and Totoru are staples. I mean, like I said, this an incredible wealth of content from the past few decades; don't dwell on Peppa.
This has been building for years though. The tipping point in my mind was some time in early 2019 -- DuckDuckGo simply started returning more relevant results with fewer scrolls.
I wish there was a way to block all tweets from profiles that list their preferred gender. It should stop the vast majority of gender politics bickering. Nearly every tweet that makes me cringe, riled up, or shake my head, shows these preferred pronouns after a quick hover.
Update: Around 2 dozen people showed. ICANN received the petition. “Chairman Maarten Botterman said ICANN is looking at the impact of the sale and what guarantees they could obtain for dot-org registrants, though he made no promises.”

https://mobile.twitter.com/russforce/status/1220789586554523...

https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/nonprofits-worry-s...
Because like every article I tried to find was pretty much the exact same rubbish overview, here's a link to the pre-print paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.05337.pdf

As someone very not versed in physics, the paper is actually... really readable so far and short (I'm almost done). At the very least, there is more information than anything mentioned in the links/summaries I could find.
It can explain Wuhan's early ignorance, but it cannot explain the incompetence of the government after the case has been escalated since the end of December.
The other day I started to watch a pretty crappy documentary about the founding fathers. I was surprised how it could be part of prime video given its low-quality writing and filming. Now I understand, I guess Amazon is positioning the service at just above YouTube when it comes to quality.
What does "pyle" mean in this context?
this is a pneumonia infection, which usually infects three million Americans per year and kills sixty thousand. And if that is scary to you don't look up the damage influenza causes every year and has since time immemorial. I have absolutely no idea what's going on with the hysteria among the press or commenters, this is not a zombie virus.
Create a GraphQL API with Flask, SQLAlchemy and PostgreSQL
There could be unaccounted mass (dark matter) or magnified sensor error, just off the top of my head. Lots of ways to interpret this result.
+1 for yabai with skhd! I can't imagine working on macos without it and I really can't stress this enough. Hotkeys with skhd is game changer for productivity and nothing compares to yabai for a tiling window manager on macos (though you don't have to use the tiling if that's not your thing).
How does this landing page read, we provide a similar service: https://imagefix.io
To give an example of a specific estimate, here is one claim:

"Throughout the early 1650’s Cromwell’s troops practiced a policy of scorched earth in Ireland which lead to the death by starvation and other causes of at least 200,000 and possibly as many as 600,000 in a total population of 2 million."

https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=118...
What matters is to close down the fossil fuel plants for good. The output of wind is on average 45% of maximum capacity for offshore wind, meaning if you have 100% of wind during optimal conditions and 0% when the wind is still on average you get around 45%. For land based wind parks the numbers are low, around 25%.

So far there is very little investment to build out wind beyond having 100% wind in optimal conditions. Germany has almost hit that point, and if we look at neighbor Denmark then we can see what happens when it does reach 100%. Building wind beyond full capacity turns uneconomical quickly, as investors found out in Denmark.

The result is that the coal and natural gas plants will burn and continue polluting the world. The competitiveness of renewable is based on the cheap initial costs while it goes towards max capacity. The price tag does not include overcapacity, the batteries, cryogenic storage, power-to-gas and so on. It works fine as long as we don't think about the fossil fuels that get burned when the wind is still.

Nuclear plants have a linear cost. Going from 10% to 20% cost just as much as going from 90% to 100%. No overcapacity, no batteries, no conversion loss. You add 10% nuclear plants and you can demolish 10% fossil fueled plants. You build 10% additional wind farms and the same old fossil plants must remain. You demolish 10% of the nuclear plants, and you have to build the same amount of new fossil fueled plants in order to compensate when the wind is not blowing. New fossil fueled plants are going to get used, investments is going to be repaid, and political influence fill make sure that they continue to operate.

> What matters is the total CO2 released,

If people really thought so they would look at the electricitymap and look which countries does exactly that. Who has the lowest total CO2? The answer: those that can produce a constant base load without releasing CO2. Hydro or nuclear. Those that have invested most in renewable are not the ones with lowest total CO2.
Those are all irrelevant for Aurora - which is a fully hosted, natively replicated database.
This is awesome! Exactly the kind of library I’ve been looking for.

Does anyone have any suggestions on a way to start with an OpenAPI spec and end up with a mock data set? With Mirage it seems easy enough to mock our API directly from scratch, but if we could save a few steps and go from OpenAPI spec to mocked front end that would be bliss.
Signs like those famous Golden Arches can be useful.

However, when browsing the web in 20+ years I have never seen a useful paid for online add. That’s an inherent product of the medium where the only point of an add is to be less useful than the content I am looking at.

Supose your GPS added advertising. so it’s priority is not the best for you but what’s best for 3rd parties. That’s what online adds are, they take something useful and inherently degrade the experience.
That's definitely correct^. In addition, I expect that this feature is intentional, as most requests will use well-typed thrift structs or graphql to perform backend requests (I think) and I would be surprised if the mute word filters were ever applied accidentally.
What we can learn about robots from Japan