skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> The same problem is more frequently discussed in the context of hash tables. If I look up a key in a hash table and I get a null value, is that because there is no value stored for that key, or is it because null is the value stored for that key? People would like accessing the table to be convenient while distinguishing these two cases, and python doesn't allow that. You can choose from some different behaviors:

Or, you can create a second null-like type in the language, name it 'undefined' perhaps, and return that when the key doesn't exist.

Of course, that may be considered kicking the can down the road as now you will have to trust developers to be competent enough to never store 'undefined' in the hash table, which I suppose is the reason you didn't mention JavaScript's solution to the problem.
Every device I've come across has it set up so that the plastic part should be inserted closest to the floor (horizontal plugs), or closest to the centre of gravity of the device (vertical plugs).

I don't know if this is specced—otherwise it's very interesting that all the manufacturers agreed to this kind of arrangement.
> All but one of the rest of your theories are illegal everywhere

The definition of "monopoly" varies widely even within the USA, and enforcement of antitrust issues generally depends on who has political power.

If a company has market control and is monopolistic, but no one with power actually prosecutes them for their behavior, then is what they did actually "illegal"? Whether something is legal depends on both the written law, as well as how it is enforced.
See trailofbits algo. If you can setup using that, things are super easy to get working after that.
> Traceability

A question for the AI Researchers and Engineers On the topic of _Traceability_ and as someone outside the field this is something that has puzzled me:

(Broad assumptions) Assuming a 'neural network' is a black box probabilistic model. How do we _prove_ in the context of _safety-critical_ systems that they will behave in a known determined and traceable way for all known cases?

I would be curious to understand the process/methods that people use in ADAS system or Medical Imaging (and now Defense applications as well) in order to provide 'verification' evidence for such a system? (Focusing more on verification/provability from a regulatory standpoint)
The person that said $530 said no deductible, and they’re probably a young person. $1,500 family of 4 insurance will have at least a $5k deductible and $13k oop max I would estimate.
Yes, but it's much less emphasized on GPU I think. If you have a data parallel algorithm, as long as you design the array ordering to allow coalesced access, the memory architecture will usually already allow better performance than what you can hope to get from CPU even with heavily cache optimized code that's basically unmaintainable (as it will likely perform much differently on the next architecture).
This reminds me of an idea, has there ever been any multi-tiered games such that,

1. Each tier is its own game,
2. The games are not independent

As a simple, two-game, example. Imagine a strategy game such as Shogun (turn-based strategy). When the players kn that game start conflicts that opens up a match for FPS-type players to join. The outcome of the battle will depend on the FPS-player performance while the match-up is skewed depending on the relative forces deployed by the generals.

Maybe cities are maintained by more Minecraft-esque players, while the eye in the sky can submit tasks down below for resources, certain buildings, etcetera.
Anyone else click on the link thinking it was an article about Brexit?
Both. Depends on the size and skills of the company. Like most semi-rare skills, simulation modeling is something that large companies both perform internally and ask external consultants to do with them.
Rather than public crucifixion, it looks like James Watson actually did quite well for himself?
Expert Advice: The Next Big Surge in Dental Industry
Take a look on how dentists are using virtual consultation to increase their case acceptance. A dentist can build direct connection with their patients to make a good first impression. Take a look here: https://www.expertadvice.dentist/
Actually I just found this:

https://superuser.com/a/1260944/83295
Medieval cities are dense because they had walls outside for protection. It's not like the US has insufficient acreage. I kind of got why the real estate tax was so high when my state wasn't charging sales tax on internet purchases out of state, but now it does, and yet the tax just keeps going up every year, and they also pile on the levies to boot.
Of course per person health insurance costs matter when discussing health insurance costs. Why would one compare the cost of one apple to the cost of a bag of apples?
A global reforestation project is how we fix climate change
> We are not even anywhere close to solving latency issues in a local environment, let alone one that is separated by a fibre Optic.

Actually, this is more or less solved. https://parsecgaming.com/ works really well over a local network. I use a raspberry pi as a thin client to stream games to my tv from a windows vm in my closet. I cant even tell a difference. Its not just for games either; its basically a gpu accelerated remote desktop.

They claim it works really well for remote servers (they even let you lease environments I think) too. For less intensive games, it probably works fine, but for more latency sensitive games, Im sure you can feel the lag.
I thought conservatives were often sympathetic to taboos, extolling would be reformers to first explain why a taboo (or gate) is there before seeking to remove it.

So why do taboos against topics like race and gender biology exist?

Tell me why the gate is there.
What irks me about exposes like this is fallacious reasoning like this:

- the only explanation for the proportion of jaywalking tickets to minorities being larger than for other groups is racism or other unfairness

- the only explanation for the proportion of jaywalking tickets to 18-25 year olds is a bias against innocent young people.

Um. Perhaps in New York, population 8 MILLION, the 316 tickets for jaywalking (representing 0.004%) were just handed to people who really deserved it. I mean if you, and I, and everyone else walks in the street from time to time, you'd expect about 7,500,000 jaywalking tickets, not 316.

Suppose however, whites (non hispanic) make up a 1/3 of New York and rarely get tickets. So you'd still suspect like 5 million tickets given out. Sounds like jaywalking is either very rare (contrary to the author's opinion), or tickets for jaywalking are very rare.

Here's my alternate theory: 18-25 year old certain non-white young men have a much higher propensity to obstruct traffic and walk in the street to a level that they annoy the fuzz, and then refuse to back down to a point of getting a ticket, than do other demographics. It appears tickets are exceedingly rare and must be earned by some extraordinary jackassery, which would certainly explain the 18-25 demographic. Let me go out on a limb and guess that out of 316 tickets about 314 where given to intoxicated males too.

You simply CANNOT assume that committing crimes (or in this case trifles) is evenly distributed across demographics. So if "tickets" are not evenly distributed, it does NOT imply bias in enforcement, it could also very simply mean a bias in committing. Certain demographics may like to jaywalk a lot more, the data proves it more than it proves bias.

And should this be a crime? Probably, but it isn't. It's an infraction. Don't brazenly walk in the street and obstruct traffic and refuse to budge when the po-po tell you to move if you don't like it. Pretty sure doesn't matter what color you are, assholes should continue to get ticketed for this.
Half of Americans don’t have employer sponsored health insurance:

https://www.kff.org/health-reform/press-release/coverage-at-...
Dual Inheritance Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_inheritance_theory
Great podcast Lex!

I am intrigued about the discussion on explainable AI. How do you feel about the quality of the current XAI research? What do you think are the most important directions for that field? And what do you see it looking like in 3-5 years?
Kubernetes on MIPS
I think Ben's advice is really targeting founders and CEOs in order to get them to think in a certain way. Whether or not anybody cares isn't the point. The point is that the person best placed to save a company in trouble should focus on getting the company out of trouble, rather than replaying the reasons why the company is struggling in order to justify its current nadir. They should be thinking about solutions rather than justifications.

So really, Ben is saying: find a path to the future that you want, and stop making such a big deal about the past. That's what your investors and employees care about to: where you're going. Seize your own agency.
Show HN: A pure reference counting GC in Go
I expected this to be a joke about Stack(Overflow)-Oriented Programming
Windows Terminal Preview v0.8 Release
Every online form/survey should have an option to choose “decline to answer”
Whenever some survey or website asks me why I chose to unsubscribe or anything, my first reaction is "I don't have to tell you anything". IMHO, this should be an industry standard to let people decline to answer questions (like pleading to the fifth but for online behavior)
Wow, not sure how I missed this! Bravo!

If anyone involved would appreciate access to Graphistry to experiment with a gpu client/cloud visual analytics side (e.g., jupyter & react), let me know (leo@....com). Would love to see them together!
> NumberFormatException is my bane in Java.

Surely that’s because of java? conversions normally throw in python and that’s no issue. So does indexing. So does str.index.
Secure Access to Azure SQL Servers for Power BI
It shocked me that Bank of America would deliver box of checks that were just dumped on my porch. I found them 3 days after I got email they were delivered in the bush next to front door. I remember years ago I had to be present home and DHL came and required ID/signature to receive those. That was 2014. In 2020 I guess they saving extra money. Fun fact - there is over $8MM in the corp account that these checks could cover.
Delicious tea recipe to burn fat, build muscles and to get a flat tummy
Since 2010 and ACA, health insurance companies are not allowed to factor in pre existing conditions for premium costs.

When you search for health insurance, you’re only asked for age and location and smoking. Basically, nowadays in the US, your health insurance premium is simply a function of age, and the premium for oldest person at 65 is limited to be a multiple of youngest (healthiest).
>Countries largely follow the rules because nobody wants a free-for-all war with no rules.

And somehow these rules tend to put restrictions on things which are a force multiplier for smaller forces against larger ones or would make it very costly for a larger country to attack a smaller one. They protect the incumbents. It makes sense why big militaries would want rules like this - this makes it much less costly for big countries to war with smaller ones. Russia didn't want Ukraine to have nukes. A few decades later Russia invaded Ukraine.

It is okay for a US drone to strike a target and kill civilians. The civilians will just be defined as "enemy combatants" and the world moves on. However, if people from that same place somehow manage to kill the drone operator then that would be a terror attack.
AzureAD B2C create custom email verification
Also and really because it’s quite hard to go and replace implementation details with code which behaves completely differently and implements an unrelated contract entirely.
Companies like GE, SAP, Mathworks, Dassault, PTC and Siemens all have digital twin platforms used by major manufacturers. Initially there was a period (2003 -2013) where twin systems were built my specialist media developers using 3rd party authoring tools and integrating with different system simulation tools. While this still happens for specialist or niche projects (or sometimes on very large projects with specific deadlines that require outsourced help). Increasingly most manufacturers build digital twins directy from design assets (CAD, CAM, Systems simulations etc) as part of the in-house product development process using extensions to their existing design and simulation tooling.
That’s because health ministry isn’t ACA conforming health insurance. It’s ridiculous the law had to allow those stupid plans to exist to be passed.
Hmm. I’d like the option. I use BetterSnapTool on Mac and very often tear off chrome tabs and immediately try to snap them to a side. This doesn’t work on Firefox.
Strange world, I had the same feeling, and I love soccer too.
In a langage without exceptions the file wrapper being trivial it would not have returned any sort of error condition and thus would not have been checked for it.

It is an issue of exceptions that try clauses can easily be overly broad in the amount of code they cover.
> My guess is that it's regulated like crazy, so maybe simplifying those regulations would be a good idea

Most of those regulations are in there for either a.) FDIC compliance to make sure there's enough liquidity in the case of a run (aka the "don't repeat 1929" rule) b.) anti-fraud/money laundering c.) because ACH rules are still there for a ton of legacy reasons

The stock market is volatile because it assumes that those investing understand the risk involved. Bank accounts on the other hand should, really have to, be super stable. Treating liquidity like the stock market means a bad bet by the bank managers and everyone loses their college fund.

> I should be able to automate money transfers just as easily (if not more easily) as doing stock trades, yet the opposite is true.

The reason is because of money laundering. Despite how bad it seems the US has the best anti-money-laundering (AML) rules in the world and yea, this causes friction, but it's what's necessary.
Though I’m not much of a Haskell programmer (spent some time learning it and writing toy programs), I would use a different motto to characterize Haskell: Stop prescribing (loose) design patterns; make them tight and refactor them into libraries, so they need only be written once.

More than anything else, the language aims at providing modularity (and terseness, on the macro scale) for the programmer (while trying very hard to compile to something efficient). Even laziness is to enable more modularity.

The “make design patterns tight” part is what ends up needing abstract mathematical reasoning (category theory is basically mathematical pattern reasoning distilled to its essence).

The other consequence of abstracting patterns into libraries is that novice programmers end up with a lower “writing code” -vs- “reading+thinking” ratio compared to other languages. And this can be jarring to folks whose attitude is to learn by writing code (to discover patterns in the process).
I think they almost already do. Google is still coasting off a well built reputation for simple, good, user-friendly web services (search and email mainly) that for most internet users is all they ever see of Google,, thus thinking there isn't anything else that's a problem. Most of these same users don't even really appreciate just how much tracking of their lives the company does behind the scenes. They might read about it or glimpse parts of it here and there and frown a bit, but the completeness of the surveillance doesn't fully register I think. And besides, convenience, which always makes uncomfortable things easier to forget.

Thus, its uglier side doesn't gain as much of the attention it deserves. Microsoft never had quite that same good and simple reputation and enough people had enough problems with Windows platforms right from the beginning to really hate the company as soon as they had enough of a reason to from the media. Microsoft can be shitty too, but Google is much more involved in most people's daily lives in some dangerous ways.
A rent-seeking third party probably selling your financial transaction data is not what I’d call lucky.
The EUPL only allows relicensing if the covered work is part of a larger work, so you can't simply take EUPL code and distribute it as LGPL just like that. It has to be some part of a larger work.
All right, thank you for the feedback!
> The circle of human empathy will stretch to encompass machine people, and they will be given some rights.

No it won't.

Look at it this way: There are still millions of people on this planet today that believe if you aren't "like them" that you're no better than an animal, and should be treated as such (such people tend to treat animals better than these "others" that aren't like them).

This extends all over the place - in-group vs out-group, us vs them.

"machine people"? We already have them, they're made of meat, and they are constantly fighting, hating, dividing, scheming, screaming and lying to each other.

Occasionally they may be nice to one another - maybe even exhibit something we call "love" - or at least "tolerance".

What I'm trying to get it is that we are talking about these so-called "machine people" becoming accepted, when we can't even accept ourselves in our myriad forms and ideas. Instead, we kill or enslave each other over it.

Ever see the Animatrix "Second Renaissance"? That's exactly how we'll act towards these "machine people". And they will fight back. If we're lucky, we'll end up "in the Matrix" - or at least in zoos.

But more likely, we'll either exterminate ourselves in the process of exterminating them - or they'll win, period, and we'll be the extinct species.

Man kills God. Machine-man kills Man-God. Iterate.
And this is why I always love having a Waterloo intern / new grad on the team. They are just so productive.

They hit the ground _sprinting_.
AppSheet Acquired by Google Cloud
The people that have yet to learn Python outnumber those that have at least 10 to 1, and hopefully even more. Those people should get to learn a more perfect language. They shouldn't need to know any history about its development for things to make sense and be predictable. It's a little selfish to complain just because you aren't the one reaping most of the benefits.

We are in the very infancy of computer programming. Computers will likely be around for centuries, maybe even thousands of years. The best time to remove historical baggage and get everyone to switch was 10 years ago, the second best is now. IPv6 shows that if you "treat users nicely" you might not live to see the results.

And obviously we benefit too because we get to use a better language.
The actual fix is to have a completely separate wrapper type (usually an option type) which signals in a type-safe and unambiguous manner that the key was missing.

Then you don’t have the issues of in-band signalling.
people would be banned for a truthful answer for flamebaiting
I think it's gotten better actually. The jurassic version we had to use at megacorp back in 2014/15 was the only reason I had a windows VM installed. Whatever newer version was deployed a few years later was actually almost usable.

And, yeah, if I did more traveling I'd probably just call up our travel agent. But I'd still be on the hook for cash expenses.
Curious and want to ask: if this were available 15 years ago, would you have done it? It seems like you'd need to 1) have CS as your goal, 2) know about Shopify and their program, and 3) get in.

I know a lot of people don't even have CS on their radar when they enter college.
That's just... not how HN works at all?

Companies don't have to have any relationship with YC to be linked or discussed on HN. Just... look at the front page. Plaid, for instance.
The analogy also allows to look upon the philosophical zombie argument from an interesting angle.

Is it logically possible for a universe that is physically identical to ours, but where physical representations of natural number 2 correspond to natural number 3 to exist? Or where physical representations don't correspond to any natural numbers?

Another funny take on inverted qualia argument. We can subitize small numbers of items, that is feel the number of items without counting. Can you imagine someone identical to you, who feels the number of two apples as you feel the number of three apples?
At the time when southwest cut them off, the online travel sites were expecting $5 to $10 in compensation. Offering the lowest price required trimming that cost.

News story from 2002: https://www.cnet.com/news/southwest-soars-without-travel-sit...
> We can solve the how-do-we-want-the-hash-table-to-behave problem perfectly by returning an invalid index when the substring isn't present, and... that's what we do.

Negative indices are valid in python. Also str.index raises.

And product types are not a good way to signal exclusive conditions.
Clear?

Yes their actions are clear. They say they need to merge to improve quality and eliminate duplication. Then after the merger they immediately raise prices.
HTTPS: //Buddysupplement.com/Loberton-Paris/
L'Oberton ParisGet Rid Of Wrinkles And Lines Fast!

L'Oberton Paris Cream is the mystery you've been sitting tight for. At the point when you look through magazines or scroll online, you see all the celebrities that have flawless skin. What's more, while cosmetics plays a gigantic part in that, great skincare is the establishment of any beautiful face. Presently, you can get your hands on a formula that contains fixings that numerous celebrity dermatologists give their patients. In the L'Oberton Paris Wrinkle Freezing Moisturizer formula, you get a peptide-rich cream that can make your skin look more youthful. Peptides are probably the most powerful fixings in the skincare world, and numerous celebrities use formulas with these fixings in them. Presently, you can get your very own peptide formula with this powerful enemy of maturing complex!
https://buddysupplement.com/loberton-paris/

https://sites.google.com/site/supplementsworldofficial/l-oberton-paris

https://supplementsworld.hatenadiary.com/entry/2020/01/15/143422

https://supplementsworld.home.blog/2020/01/15/loberton-paris/

http://supplementsworld.over-blog.com/l-oberton-paris

https://youtu.be/kUyplwDOIYA
The main thing with a touchscreen is that it's probably not as long term solution for input for these fast paced games. The way you grip your phone is probably going to hurt your wrists more in the long run.
Agreed, 100%! It always reminds me of the episode of "The Office" where the warehouse wins the lottery, everyone quits, and the office staff are conscripted to load the truck with paper. Searching for a way to load the truck more efficiently, one of the main characters is astonished that the warehouse workers never tried backing the truck into the warehouse to be closer to the paper. Believing them to be morons because they hadn't thought of this, he implements his solution and causes a fair amount of damage to the truck and the building because he didn't stop to think that maybe, just maybe, the people who had been doing this work for years (work he had no real experience with or insight into) might have had a good reason or two why they hadn't already implemented this solution.

It's a silly example, sure- all I'm trying to say is that there are usually a few pretty good reasons why "the solution is so simple, just do x" comments haven't already been implemented and the commenters don't usually have the context to know that. It's been my experience that a lot of problems with seemingly simple or obvious solutions haven't been solved that way for good reason.
We helped our customers with product certification
Going back in time; good tip!

I don't fully trust my actual knowledge of C++03, I always fear to get bitten by all the implicit things happening in the background (like how the compiler will defined the default constructors -- at least I know I might get bitten, so I'll be on the cautious side). For that reason, the book my be preferable in my case...