skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think my takeaway lesson is that it’s very hard to introduce large, breaking changes to a language and not alienate a large proportion of existing users. I don’t know that there’s a right way.

I look at Perl, which was a juggernaut when I first used Python, and announcements of Perl 6 certainly didn’t help Perl’s slide. Often cited is the fact that Perl 6 is a totally different language unrelated by anything but creator and name. The Perl brand was not enough to carry the bulk of Perl users from Perl 5 to Perl 6. Perl 6 is now called Raku, which probably better reflects the magnitude of the change.

On the other hand Python 3 is a small but still significant departure from Python 2. If they’d called Python 3 something else, we’d probably be griping about how superficially different from Python 2 it was without bringing substantially new ideas.

Oddly my feeling is that Racket, in its departure from mainline Scheme, largely did retain its core audience, but that may have been a feature of its usage in academia.

Fast forward to last year when a prominent Racket architect announced “Racket 2” which would completely change the syntax of the language. Prominent community members reacted negatively, due to fears of Perl 6’s fate. But now they’ve decided to simply call the new research language Rhombus and have reiterated plans to continue supporting Racket. I went from feeling very negative to the change to being okay with the direction.

I’m not sure there are lessons to draw, other than noting than version bumping versus making a new language with a new name can be bad for entirely different reasons.
The very article linked shows the 3 questions.

"What did you do yesterday".

How is that not a loaded question?

JUSTIFY YOUR EXISTENCE. Every day.

Anyone encouraging standups is just contributing to the poor mental health of programmers.
TCP Tunnels and TLS for Your Kubernetes IngressController
It looks like Ogg Vorbis has theoretical support in the spec for something called "Bitrate Peeling"[1], but there is no functional implementation for this yet, and there's been an open bounty on it since 2004.[2]

This is a really neat idea though. Truncating the packet to change the bitrate per client without re-encoding.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitrate_peeling

[2]: https://wiki.xiph.org/index.php?title=Bounties&diff=196&oldi...
Another Amiga you don't want
My gut says that this must already exist.
Ask HN: How to bring in an external CEO for young/successful startup?
See title. I have bootstrapped two different businesses. Company A is doing very well ($100k/mo revenue), but it started to stagnate a couple of years ago.

At that point we started Company B. I invested nearly $2mil and 2 years into its development and we just finished building it 2-3 months ago. It currently makes $10k/mo and has a very solid business plan that we think will create a very viral growth engine for it.

We were just beginning to execute on this business plan when market changes suddenly allowed for Company A to have explosive growth. We suddenly have a vision for how we can turn Company A into a $100mil/yr company. This falls under "good problems", but as the Founder/CEO of both I also have the very painful decision that we need to basically abandon Company B to go all in on Company A.

With that being said, Company B is generating money and is almost ramen profitable, has a lot of money invested in it, and I still believe in it just as much as I did before.

I have considered trying to sell it, but I think at this point it won't get anywhere near its value, or what it would be able to get with even just a year of effort put into growing it.

So at this point, I am exploring other options, with one attractive one being to let someone else (or some other group) assume the role of CEO in return for a significant equity package (since it is bootstrapped entirely with my money, I own 100% of the company right now). That way I can personally go all in on Company A, but Company B is still left in good hands and can grow to its potential.

Is this even realistic and if so how would I even begin to go about doing this? I know how I'd go about selling Company B, but we are not in Silicon Valley (east coast), and I am not particularly well connected so I'm not sure who I'd even start talking to about such a possibility.

Basically, how do I go about finding an external CEO to run Company B or am I stuck selling it for 1/10th of its investment?
Why is nuclear waste the only waste product that requires a perfect long term solution? We don't even have temporary solutions to millions of tons of fertilizer runoff or billions of tons of CO2 emissions. Mining for rare earth metals of solar panels produces a lot of toxic waste, some of which is radioactive. Why doesn't that get as much negative press as nuclear waste?

In 2010, there was an estimated 250,000 tons of nuclear waste [1]. The oceans naturally have 4 billion tons of uranium [2]. It seems to me that even the very dumb solution of scattering our nuclear waste across the oceans would have a negligible environmental impact compared to other destructive activities.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_waste
[2] https://www.pnnl.gov/news/release.aspx?id=4514
The casual observer hasn't been able to understand the forefront of physics for a very long time. Maxwell's equations have been known for 150 years[1], but the average high school physics student hasn't the foggiest idea of what a differential equation is. At best, they have a vague understanding that electricity and magnetism are more-or-less interchangeable.

Once you get into invisible forces acting across very small distances, nothing about how the world works is 'intuitive'. The most precise description of it is... A bunch of math, and not the kind of math that people learn in their K-12.

[1] As has entropy, and the laws of thermodynamics. Yet even educated people often have no idea of what the laws of thermodynamics actually imply! You'd figure that people would take a little bit of an interest in them, given that they live in a society powered by combustion engines...
Women and men should both bear the costs. However, seeing exactly how much a newborn can cut into time a woman would otherwise spend working makes me (against my better judgement) worry about hiring women.
As unpopular it may be to say such a politically incorrect thing (admitting this is a generalization, and all the caveats that come with it) --

Men generally have the biological need to go do and wander and discover things. I don't know whether it's hormones or what. Debate all you like elsewhere (I'm not trying to debate that point here).

My point is that when they don't get an outlet to do this, they cause trouble. Idle hands are the tools of the devil. They get in trouble, they cause trouble. They create things, but also get into trouble.

And a society that doesn't provide outlets for working-aged males to go out and do things is inviting trouble.

What I observe about the US is that we are making the cost of employing people so high that we have no incremental way to put people at the low end of the skills ladder (or at the high end of aging out) to even minimal use -- and the only way to get even a low level purpose in life is to be employed by a company that goes through very constrained legal and regulatory calculus to employ someone.

In other countries, people who are unemployed can:

-- Be community volunteers next to government workers to augment local capabilities

-- Be ticket takers on buses, trains

-- Be part time informal labor / delivery people

-- Be "shop minders" who aren't fully employees but help when needed

All these things for even a paltry wage, but purpose in life.
In other countries, you notice immediately the presence of such people.

But we in the US have foreclosed the ability for people to fill these roles. I guess the last time we did this was with the WPA. The very rules we have in place to protect people (and claimed benefit of workplace standards, etc) prevent many at the bottom from being useful.

It's to our societal peril, as we can see lately.
Information is not maintained by the government. It is maintained by human beings working in a government capacity, and those human beings have no right to secrecy or privacy whilst working in that capacity.

What I said was not vague.
Yes, nothing goes through Facebook servers. The model will be run locally on the machine.
...but again, why prison specifically? Why do you need prison to achieve what you want? Why's that the first and only thing you reach for? And why are you calling for the punishment not the trial?
You will probably use someone's recommended Kubernetes stack, like k3s. It doesn't make a ton of difference in practice whether you let someone else host your control plane or do it on your own hardware, but your actual nodes you probably want instance level control on.

Over time you'll probably grow your own customizations and go-tos on kubernetes that you layer on top of k3s or what have you.
How to verify that quantum chips are computing correctly
If the jump to the next opcode is a tail call, wouldn't an arbitrarily long sequence of instructions take arbitrarily much stack space?
That's a channel-specific option though. You can set per-channel bitrate, but it's not something Discord does automatically to accommodate lower throughput clients.
Denmark Researchers Use Seaweed to Power a Car
Many pharmaceutical companies (incl. Vertex) have patient assistance programs that are need-based. I don't really know anything about how much is covered under those programs those, maybe someone else with experience can chime in
For the curious:

2019 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18897817

2017 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15466124

Related, on the TAOS operating system:

2018 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16727565

2017 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15527936

2015 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9806607 (with lots of comments by original contributors)
Debugging Through WebAssembly Is Impossible
I'd imagine it would not have to leave just this planet, but also the whole solar system not to pose any future threat
> Why am [I] doing this?

Lack of security updates past 2019 forced our hand. Did you find a way around that?
> Iphone was a huge step forward (basically having a small computer in your pocket vs having something just doing phone calls, SMSes and snake)

The iPhone wasn't the first smartphone. In fact when released it was significantly inferior to existing Symbian and Nokia offering in terms of "objectively useful" stuff like browser behavior, modem bandwidth and third party app support. Obviously it was transformatively better, in ways that the established players didn't understand enough to emulate, but it's not correct to imagine it as a first mover.

In fact the Tesla/Apple comparison seems almost perfectly apt to me.
The Past and the Future of the Earth’s Oldest Trees
Academic research finds five US telcos vulnerable to SIM swapping attacks
I would love a service that created matching subtitle tracks for dubbed audio for this exact reason
I think you are reacting & jumping to conclusions due to incomplete knowledge of what the citizenship & demonetization were about. Please educate yourself or ask specific question
Who's gonna want to marry (let alone have kids with) a man who is unemployed and isn't even looking for work?

This betrays your unfamiliarity with the segment of population under question. As it turns out, lots of women will readily have kids with those men. Along with the growth of single-man household, we observe growth of single never married women with children.

See for example "Promises I Can Keep" (https://www.amazon.com/Promises-Can-Keep-Motherhood-Marriage...) and "Doing the Best I Can" (https://www.amazon.com/Doing-Best-Can-Fatherhood-Inner/dp/05...) for some sociological view of realities about the lives of people this discussion revolves around.
I absolutely agree and we are not alone in this assessment. The MAPS project is doing wonderful work to advance this: https://maps.org/.

That said, my point was about how to get a loved one into treatment against their will. That's dangerous territory because of abuse, but it's a topic worth continual exploration.
Show HN: Saturn Work – A freelancing marketplace for caricatures
> Among economists and policy analysts who have examined these unsettling trends, the general consensus is that declining male workforce participation in modern America is mainly a structural, demand-driven problem — a matter of evaporating local jobs, and especially jobs requiring limited skills, in an increasingly dynamic and globalized marketplace.

Basically these are the men would have traditionally "built stuff"; factory workers, etc.

We don't have any factories anymore.

>If this assessment is more or less correct, it would be hard to overstate the importance of education and training as instruments for addressing our "men without work" crisis.

How would that help? We don't have jobs for them. And the few that maybe could find work, well, those jobs will soon enough be automated away.

> Third, there is America's curiously poor prime-age male labor-force participation-rate performance in comparison with other affluent never-communist democracies. Between 1965 and 2015, U.S. levels fell faster and sank lower than in any comparable country, with the exception of Italy (where official employment figures notoriously neglect "unofficial" work income). Yet America's race to the bottom in prime-age male labor-force participation is not readily explained by lackluster economic growth (which could also be called sluggish demand).

In America (USA) you ARE your job; it defines you. The American Way is to be hard working and self sufficient. If you can't do that, there are tremendous psychological effects. You can't blame these men for giving up.

We need to accept that this is the way forward and stop treating people who don't work like leaches. We need to retrain society that there will be plenty of able bodied people without work and society will need to take care of them.
-> Teams is pretty good (and I suspect partly ripped off from Discord)

I think Teams is much closer to a Slack ripoff than a Discord ripoff.
The attitude you espouse here, and which I encountered from several gay men while growing up in a pretty anti-gay area, is one of the main reasons I've been an advocate for gay marriage from a time before most here were born.

Being intolerant might feel good, but it will never win the day.
> our base k8s config is 44k lines of yaml

Something has gone horribly wrong.

> In my experience running nomad & consul is a more lightweight and simple way of doing many of the same things.

If you can replace what you're getting out of your 44k lines of yaml with those two products, then you are using the wrong tools.
> introduce large, breaking changes without major benefits

FTFY
> If CIA misbehavior was setting people free, US jails would be empty by now.

The federal government as a whole (and even moreso the CIA specifically) is not actively involved (misbehaving or otherwise) in most US criminal cases.
It’s funny, on the Mac one becomes used to constant changes, rewriting damn near everything just to stand still. Yet I designed my Mac app long ago to depend on the system “Python 2” (bound to C++), because it seemed that both the installation itself and the Python language and libraries were very stable. Looking back, this turned out to be sustainable for a remarkably long time, as “Python 2” really did evolve only additively and there was almost no reason to even touch 15-year-old code that was relying on Python 2. For the Mac platform especially, this reliability is unheard of.

More amazing to me is that in Catalina, the release famous for breaking just about everything else, “Python 2” is still there and works as it always has! Of course, Apple did announce that it will be ripped out in the next release. :)
I don’t think it’s much different at Facebook, Amazon, or Google
My favorite read on the topic: Images of Organization by Gareth Morgan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Images_of_Organization
For multi-container systems I really like Docker Compose and Swarm - a simple yaml file can define everything. It really is wonderfully simple.
The approach of doing the transition slowly over many years maybe was a mistake here, and another thing making it harder seems to have been little support from the top of the project.

I ported two projects with ~200000 Python-SLOC (about the same size as Mercurial according to sloccount) back in the early 3.x days. Doing this via more or less flag-day conversions within a few months, converting the codebases first to 2to3-able subset, and as a second step later on dropping 2to3 via common dialect of Python 2/3 with six, was not very painful in the end.
I struggle with this daily.

At the core, I was afraid to fail combine that with, as a technical person, I _really_ don't like to do things I don't like to do. But, things I don't like to do are absolutely at times necessary to do, i.e. answer a simple email from a customer; answer an angry email from an investor.

It took me about 5 years and some very large, public (to my circle) failures to realize that it is okay to fail. That I wasn't going to get better over night, over days or months - it would take me years.

I've incrementally improved and shed a lot of who I was. It was extremely hard and it's not for everyone - but if you are willing to try and take small steps, the payout is absolutely worth it.
There are two free Udacity courses I can recommend: https://www.udacity.com/course/computability-complexity-algo... and https://www.udacity.com/course/intro-to-theoretical-computer... And Tim Roughgarden's lecture series: http://timroughgarden.org/videos.html The material isn't advanced though. For advanced comp sci courses, you probably have to pay for them. At least I haven't found anything free available.
Well, that's one way to avoid answering. So what's your policy on classifying information as secret?
And it is how you should think when you join a startup, which is an investment by itself.
Thorium reactors may or may not happen, but one nice part of a LFTR is that it can continuously burn up long lived fissile isotopes into short lived ones. Part of a LFTR's operating requirements are to filter the isotopes and extract or send them back in. Perhaps one day, we can reprocess long lived nuclear waste into shorter lived waste, and this won't be such a big problem.
It's not unresolved. We can handle it just fine. 99% of the issues are political because people are uneducated about nuclear and fear some kind of nuclear bomb fallout event (which isn't the case).

Sure it would be nice if we could have infinite solar power but until then, nuclear is far cleaner and safer than anything else we have today.
That's not what cattle vs pets is. Treating your app as cattle means that it deploys, terminates, and re-deploys with minimal thought at the time of where and how. Your app shouldn't care which Kubernetes node it gets deployed to. There shouldn't be some stateful infrastructure that requires hand-holding (e.g. logging into a named instance to restart a specific service). Sometimes network partitions happen, a disk starts going bad, or some other funky state happens and you kill the Kubernetes pod and move on.

You should try to fix mem leaks and other issues like the one you described, and sometimes you truly do need pets. Many apps can benefit from being treated like cattle, however.

This article touched on the distinction and has plenty of associated links at the bottom: https://medium.com/@Joachim8675309/devops-concepts-pets-vs-c...
This story really needs another graph showing "NOT-IN-LABOR FORCE RATES FOR WOMEN AGES 25-54; 1965 TO 2019".

See https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2016/images/hipple-fig6.png

It appears that the non-participation rate for women is about twice as high as for men.
I totally agree with you, I am uncomfortable with Racket 2 having a non-Lisp syntax. As someone who has used Lisp languages to get stuff done for over 30 years, I would say NO to the syntax change.

That said, Racket is open source the maintainers have good reasons for a change based on getting a larger user base. I wish them great success.
We also support Google Document understanding API for OCR, with support for other cloud OCR vendor coming soon.

We also support pdf.js as an alternative to pdfminer.
I can't think of the name of the service, but yes it did exist around 2003ish. I don't know if it's still around.
Another example: I have an electric razor which takes up to 1A at 5V (DC). Sounds perfect for a USB charger, right? It does not have a USB connector but a proprietary thing. The one with the USB connector is labelled travel razor and costs 20 € more. It's outrageous because most likely the USB connector is even cheaper than the other because it is produced in much higher numbers.

If the charger dies before the machine itself, I will modify the cable and see how well that works.
The transition from Python 2 to 3 was one worst things that could happened to the whole community. The costs of the transition never justified the benefits. The new features were negligible at best or a regression at worst and in some cases performance got even worse. One could even assume flat out sabotage.

Let's just hope there will never be a Python 4 and the developers now finally start focusing on the greatest flaw of Python: performance.
Calling it ”overfitting” is actually you overfitting your model of how theory works on this one concept from machine learning.

The actual events of the 750 GeV peak are much closer to neural networks hallucinating, and the diversity of models created doesen’t strike me as evidence of overfitting...

Anyway, you clearly didn’t trust my summary, and I no longer trust you have an honest interest in learning more, so I’ll stop here.
I know the story is intended to be "caveman science fiction" [1], but I can't help but think that that hole is probably still an excellent way to dispose of most of the things they're disposing of, particularly nuclear waste. After all, it spends, what, a couple decades totally isolated from the rest of the world? Great place for it to decay and become less active.

1: http://dresdencodak.com/2009/09/22/caveman-science-fiction/
There’s the employer expectations, but I would also bring up access to capital for launching entrepreneurial endeavors - for this category of guys and people in general. We need to target how we can encourage more small business.
Some earlier spacecraft used thermoelectric generators powered by isotopic decay. More recently there have been some vigorous protests of this design, even though the modern versions apparently encase the radioactive material in a ceramic matrix.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_ge...

If a well designed, low yield nuclear reactor can't be launched then firing random waste into space will surely draw many more protestors.

Also I'm often surprised by the volume of waste we're talking about here. Under this umbrella you have not only fuel rods but also contaminated materials (eg, building materials, soil), and the launch costs per pound are very, very high.

I think I heard at one point someone was trying to work out if they could safely evaporate water (heat of vaporization of water being much lower than most isotopes?) and just store the residuals but even that got pushback. Hanford, if memory serves, has a rather substantial volume of liquid waste to deal with, and some of the containment vessels are past their expected lifespan.
Entrepreneurs on How Revenue-Based VCs Supercharged Their Growth
I don't think she does per se, but I can't imagine even a blog post publication with this ratio of materiality to self-promotion being received well for a white-cishet phycisist in her position, maybe its more about the times than the gender.
This came as a result of cars killing many, many people

When was this? I can find no time period in which child pedestrian fatalities were all that significant.