skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
What are you saying? One can be more specific, but there certainly is a physiologic definition of lactate threshold. It is the output (running, cycling, rowing, skiing, whatever, can be defined as performance as % of VO2max) at which blood lactate begins to rise above baseline. More importantly, maximal lactate steady state is the rate at which lactate production equals clearance. Above that and you'll blow up soon. Yes lactate can be converted back to pyruvate and used for energy, but above MLSS, it accumulates more than is reconverted, and energy stores will run out.

What science do you think is "wrong"?
My Mom’s had both knees done. And, yup, there will be no lolly-gagging at the knee replacement center. Said as soon as the anesthetic wore off, up she goes out of bed being made to walk, and home she goes the same day.

Don’t let that fool you, though. She said the whole ordeal is still awful, and if you don’t do the tearfully painful physical therapy, you pay later. Still says she’d do it again if one wears out.
Electric cars (mostly via Tesla) is a middleground to scaling battery (and eventually solar) production. All those cars displace the use of fossil fuels before EOL, and then go on to become grid storage, reducing reliance on peaker plants and making renewables even more viable.

Making battery development a cost/density competition is what will help us escape fossil fuels.
I have one, just weighed it 36g without cable, 52 with the entire cable. So real lift will be between the those two, probably closer to 40g
The big thing to add to the cost of having a human-sourced knee is being on immunosuppressant drugs for the rest of your life, which is a significant health risk (but significantly less than, say, not having a functional critical organ). There are processes to clean some transplants, but I'm not certain they work on anything other than the simplest of structures (e.g. pig heart valves)

Corneas are the exception: they don't provoke an immune response.
Low Fat Computing
I wonder if Volkswagen Group (one of the biggest carmakers, they own VW, Audi, Bentley, Lamborghini, Bugatti, Seat, Skoda) is waiting for the right moment to buy/take over Tesla... Just one stupid tweet might be all it takes.
Any info on whether it does this in a streaming manner? For small files there are a plethora of solutions, but it gets more tricky / interesting when you can't assume both files fit in memory and (ideally) you want to do it in a single pass because I/O itself is a bottleneck.
The World's Most Useful Airport [video]
Here's a probably faster/easier way for most people to compute the Doomsday for a given year.

The Doomsday is the sum of a factor determined by the century part of the year and a factor determined by year within the century.

The century factor is:

Century Factor

20xx 2
21xx 0
22xx 5
23xx 3

This pattern repeats every 4 centuries indefinitely forward, and however far back you can go in your jurisdiction before you hit whatever calendar that was used there before the Gregorian calendar. (If you want a formula for this, it is 2 + (C % 4) x 5, where C is the first two digits of the year, but since there are only 4 items in the pattern, and most people will actually only care about one or two centuries, I'd just memorize the relevant factors).

For the factor determined by the year within the century, let T be the tens digit of that year and U the ones digit.

If T is even, the factor is:

2 x T + U + LE(U)

I'll cover LE below.

If T is odd, the factor is:

2 x T + 3 + U + LO(U)

LO() and LE() are corrections to take into account leap years in years where U != 0. Leap years when U = 0 are already accounted for in the 2 x T. Here are LE() and LO().

LE(U) = 0 if U < 4
LE(U) = 1 if 4 <= U < 8
LE(U) = 2 if 8 <= U

LO(U) = 0 if U < 2
LO(U) = 1 if 2 <= U < 6
LO(U) = 2 if 6 <= U

Or in English, in even decades add 1 if U >= 4, and add another 1 if U >= 8. In odd decades, add 1 if U >= 2, and another 1 if U >= 6.

Example: 2020. Century 20 factor = 2, T=2, U=0. T is even. Doomsday is 2 + 2 x 2 + 0 + 0 = 6 (Saturday).

Here are the years used for some of the examples in the link you gave.

2019. T=1, U=9. We've got an odd T, and a leap year correction of 2. Century is still 20. That gives us 2 + 2 x 1 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 4 (Thursday). I've taken the liberty of reducing mod 7 along the way, so used 2 instead of 9 when adding in U. Note that when figuring the leap year factor you have to use the actual U, not U mod 7.

2018. 2 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 2 = 3 (Wednesday).

2017. 2 + 2 + 3 + 0 + 2 = 2 (Tuesday).

2069. 2 + 2 x 6 + 2 + 2 = 4 (Thursday).

1929. 3 for 19xx. 3 + 2 x 2 + 2 + 2 = 4 (Thursday).

1999. 3 + 2 x 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 = 0 (Sunday).

1982. 3 + 2 x 1 + 2 = 0 (Sunday).

1969. 3 + 2 x 6 + 2 + 2 = 5 (Friday).

2167. 0 + 2 x 6 + 0 + 1 = 6 (Saturday).
The IRS is always hiring software engineers [1]. You could go there and help them do it.

[1]https://www.jobs.irs.gov/careers?field_usajobs_category_ref_...
For the same reason, by default, PulseAudio uses rtkit to escalate its privileges and set its scheduler policy to SCHED_FIFO (then drop the privilege). Many people don't understand it and see it as another example of how Lennart's software is taking over the world (especially when you use a distribution like Arch that didn't already have rtkil configured for you), but it's essential for good audio latency (but the audio player needs SCHED_FIFO as well, there's nothing to help if the player itself is locking up).

> SCHEDULING

> high-priority= Renice the daemon after startup to become a high-priority process. This a good idea if you experience drop-outs during playback. However, this is a certain security issue, since it works when called SUID root only, or RLIMIT_NICE is used. root is dropped immediately after gaining the nice level on startup, thus it is presumably safe. See pulseaudio(1) for more information.

> Takes a boolean argument, defaults to yes. The --high-priority command line option takes precedence.

> realtime-scheduling= Try to acquire SCHED_FIFO scheduling for the IO threads. The same security concerns as mentioned above apply. However, if PA enters an endless loop, realtime scheduling causes a system lockup. Thus, realtime scheduling should only be enabled on trusted machines for now. Please note that only the IO threads of PulseAudio are made real-time. The controlling thread is left a normally scheduled thread. Thus enabling the high-priority option is orthogonal. See pulseaudio(1) for more information.

> Takes a boolean argument, defaults to yes. The --realtime command line option takes precedence.
What really sells me on this tool is the ability to examine the underlying awscli command and transformations. I’ll be giving this a go in the new year!
Excerpt:

"His programming style is thoughtful. He thinks about the problem a lot and writes very little code. He thinks it through again and rewrites the code. He objects to letting too much code accumulate from historic reasons and likes to rewrite. He is the most productive programmer I have ever seen yet he has only written about 15K of code in the last fifteen years. He has rewritten it a number of times. It is quite amazing and has almost no fat. The people who buy or sell six figure VLSI CAD software sometimes get very upset by his ideas of giving away his ideas and tools so that children could play a VLSI CAD game under OK on their workstation in a mouse and simulate and print state of the art chip designs."

(Note: 0K is probably a typo... the author probably meant 10K... but either way, that's small...)
If you own a Tesla the infrastructure is there. Our family regularly takes cross country trips in our Model 3. It is more convenient than our gas car because AutoPilot makes driving long distances on the highway much much easier.

Charging has never been an issue for us, Tesla's SuperCharger network is excellent and routing to chargers on long trips is seamlessly integrated into the car's software using Google Maps.

As for cost, the cost of a base model Tesla has come down more than 50% in the past decade. I highly doubt price reductions stop there. One more 50% reduction and these cars will be on par with the cheapest compact gas cars available today.
It's a biased term. Why would a walmart shopper be stupid? There's no causative connection.

>I don't think given pen and paper but no google, the average person can solve 2x-7=11 for x.

I'm pretty sure everyone on can do this.

>Anyway we clearly view people's baselines differently. Maybe you're the one who's right.

I think you're way off. Check your baseline. There is not one person in my high school who couldn't solve that expression in their head.
Super cool! Anyone recognize what this makes?

map=Array(7).fill(Array(7).fill(3)).map((a,i)=>a.map((x,n)=>[0,i>3&&n<3?1:3]));drawMap()
Chinese Scientist Accused of Smuggling Samples, Amid Crackdown on Research Theft
Is it? Then why is the Audi e-tron outselling the Tesla Model X in Europe:

https://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2019/12/europe-november-2019.h...
Google employees pay the taxes
Google shareholders pay the taxes
Google customers pay taxes

Wonder where is all that tax money going to? Just curious?
Both Chrome and Firefox on Android.
If you’re not a Musk fanboy you’re just a hater.
Satellites fall to the ground eventually unless their orbit is adjusted.
I don’t believe there is one size fits all generalisations about these bands that can be made.

Every marketing company and sociologist disagrees with you.
Freetaxusa was a very easy experience last year. Federal is free, state is $10.

I haven't read their privacy policy. Perhaps a profile of me was sold to dozens of companies - but I think they fit your criteria pretty well.
2FA is no panacea. Most of what people call "2FA", the phone text thing, is actually "3FA". 2FA is using an alternative means to verify an identity. If someone is altering your username/password combo, the go-to second factor is generally an email address. If you want to protect against email addresses being hacked by including another identification means (phone-based text messaging) than that would be "three-factor" identification.

Those implementing 3/4/5/6-factor authentication don't actually care much about security. This is about liability. They implement the system, make it optional and tricky to setup, and then wash their hands of things if the customer fails to use the service. Putting piecemeal protections on account management pages is far easier/cheaper than actual information security management. 2FA doesn't mean anything if the company isn't properly protecting the underlying data.

If they cared, they would have a flesh-and-blood person look into any account simultaneously changing its password/email, altering its default delivery address from a New Hampshire farm to a Latvian PO box, and suddenly purchasing 10,000$ world of amazon gift cars. If they cared, such red flags would be caught by the machines and addressed by real people. Instead we get text messages to our phones.
On modern Linux systems, it is impossible for SCHED_FIFO to cause system lockups. A configurable percentage of CPU cycles is reserved by the (default) scheduler for non-SCHED_FIFO threads, so even a SCHED_FIFO thread that runs "while (true){}" will not be allowed to use 100% of a core's cycles.

RLIMIT_NICE is of zero use with realtime audio.

This documentation is based on (1) the state of Linux circa 2008 or so (2) a complete misunderstanding of the role of nice values for scheduling (hint; it's only useful for altering the behavior of non-RT threads, which means threads that do not have hard or semi-hard timing deadlines).

It is a notable problem that there is so much out of date information about the use of nice with audio applications still circulating online. It was never true, and it's even less true today.
This reminds me of a Stephen Chow comedy with absurd spy gadgets -e.g. a leather shoe is actually a hair blower.
SF is hygiene disaster. I’m 100% with you on this. It is very, very sad what has happened to SF over the last decade :(
Ask HN: What to do when your side project is more fun than your job?
I'm now so immersed in a side project that my real job feels like drudgery. There's very little chance I can get management to endorse the project because it's too far from my actual job. How can u maintain the momentum without totally checking out at work?
Ask HN: Looking for Contributors for “The Gita Initiative”
Hi,

We are looking for contributors for The Gita Initiative, a not-for-profit initiative to help spread the transcendental wisdom from the Bhagavad Gita to people around the world (through the development of state-of-the-art Bhagavad Gita apps). Everyone who reads the Bhagavad Gita is welcome to contribute regardless of their level of experience. We are actively looking for developers, designers, project managers and everyone else who can contribute in some way. If you are interested, please comment below.

You can check out the Github repository here - https://github.com/gita/BhagavadGita

Thank you!
Excerpt:

Switch off the pesky MDM process

"On my laptop, a background process MDM.exe used to appear, which seemed to cause
hundreds of page faults a second even when I was doing absolutely nothing. Since I use my
machine a lot for compiling, I reckoned I could do without it.
MDM is the Machine Debug Manager, and it is installed with Internet Explorer. Like me, you
probably don't need it. Here is how to tun it off/disable it. Go to the Control Panels and click
Internet Options. Click on the Advanced tab and check the box 'diable script debugging'. This
should stop it appearing."

I've seen windows processes that cause (in my opinion) too many page faults... disabling MDM is a good start... thanks for the tip!
It's real easy to, even not being lazy, not know how to ask the question right to be able to find those tomes of knowledge.
GM golden rice gets landmark safety approval in the Philippines
> Even tough it's not super hard, it'll never be as good as the commercially available options.

Arguably, being offline and keeping your recordings off the cloud, it is already superior to commercially available options.
The US stock market appears to be directly correlated to the amount of money the FED prints.

With the current QE, there will be more dollars printed. I'm not holding my breath. However, day-to-day workers and young people will be destroyed by this asset inflation.
Use typescript and Pixi. Pretty easy to get started imo, I’m also a backend engineer, here’s my progress after one day: http://aperocky.com/prehistoric Still a long way to go but it’s quite a fast learning curve.
The numbers in [1] come from Oxfam, which gets them from a report by Credit Suisse. Here's what that report says:

Globally, the share of the top 1% has been rising since 2007 and is now close to the level in the year 2000 (45% versus 47%). But the share of the top 5% has shown little change, staying steady at 70–71%, and inequality lower down the distribution has declined. The share of the bottom 90% has risen from 11% in the year 2000 to 18% in mid-2019 according to our estimates.

So, essentially the top 1% is richer at the expense of the rest of the top 5%, not of everyone else. Billionaires eating millionaires, so to speak, not the poor.

https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us/en/reports-research/g...
It's more like being an architect and working with bricks and cement yourself. The author's argument is that sometimes an "architect" should do that. Agree or disagree, but it's certainly not a truism.
Yes, exactly. In group theory when we speak of a quotient group modulo one of its normal subgroups, we’re referring to exactly this. Z3, the integers mod 3, is isomorphic to (actually equal to) Z/3Z, the integers quotiented by all the multiples of 3.

People who haven’t studied abstract algebra aren’t used to thinking of it this way though. To most people, the modulus operator is specifically an operator that returns the remainder of Euclidean division. To think of it as a bunch of equivalence classes that split up the integers is not something most people think of right away.
Just look at the multiple engineering miracles that would be needed. I'll mention a couple here.

Note that DT fusion is a thermal power technology. It makes heat that drives a thermal cycle. It turns out that all externally heated thermal cycles have become uncompetitive for power generation, just because of the cost of the non-reactor/non-boiler components. This includes fission, solar thermal, geothermal, and coal. So even if a DT fusion reactor is delivered FOR FREE from the fusion reactor fairy, it will not be competitive. Expecting capital equipment to have zero or negative cost is a good economic analogue for a perpetual motion machine.

So, what's the alternative? It's going to have to be something using advanced fuels and direct conversion. That means all the efforts with tokamaks are ruled out (they cannot work with advanced fuels and have no place for adding putative direct conversion.) And what advanced fuels are we talking about? D-3He would require space mining of the outer planets (the much-discussed lunar resource, even if it could be mined at 10 ppb in the regolith, would only last centuries before being exhausted.) And H-11B is extremely difficult, because the energy out is only about 10x the kinetic energy of the particles, so very little loss can be tolerated. In particular, systems in thermal equilibrium will have a very difficult time reaching breakeven, due to large photon losses.

Another showstopper is the absolutely terrible power density of fusion reactors. This follows from general principles (geometry and the square cube law). If you look at all existing fusion reactor proposals, ask what their thermal power/volume is. You will discover they are terrible compared to fission reactors (ITER 400x worse, ARC 40x worse). So ask yourself: why is this going to be cheaper than fission reactors? The fusion reactors are both larger, more complex, and made of much more sophisticated materials. And fission has already lost the economic race.

The larger more complex reactors are really bad news for reliability and maintainability. Estimates for the fraction of time a fusion reactor will be up, given current estimates of MTBF and MTTR, are just a few percent. This is inadequate even for an experimental reactor. There is not much budget space for operating costs from a fusion reactor before just that becomes prohibitive.

From a hard nosed engineering point of view, fusion is just ridiculous. It piles complexity upon complexity in a large machine that will be too radioactive for hands on maintenance. How could you think this would ever make sense?
It took me stupidly long to work out how to read it, which I think was just because days don't progress in the usual way, i.e. avoided if months were swapped to the rows, and days read across.

Another improvement IMO would be to list e.g. 'June (30)', since at the moment the #days in each month is lost to compression.
A look at the financial crisis bailout circa the middle of the past decade
A Writer’s Flashback: My 2005 Interview with Brad Meltzer
Ok, we've put programming in the title above to make this distinction clearer. The author is not writing about computer-generated assembly language, such as compiler back ends.
If the files are sorted, merge in Python (`heaps.merge` or `sorted` on chunks plus `itertools.groupby`). If they’re not sorted, a single pass is mostly out of the question — you need out-of-core sorting. GNU sort with intermediate compression of temporary/intermediate files is hard to beat there for performance, but if your join keys are more complicated than can be specified in GNU sort you need a more involved pipeline. If raw IO is actually the bottleneck, that’s usually a sign you need better compression — look into Zstandard and lz4, especially for intermediate files. If IO is still the bottleneck, consider possible sharding keys (Python ‘hash’ plus modulo works well, or CRC32 etc.) that would let you divide the problem up among a large number of workers. Everything is easier if you get the data into S3 storage early.
Show HN: An Online CNC Engraving Toolpath Generator
https://truestonecoffee.com/

Great roaster out of St. Paul, MN. They know their stuff in the land of 10,000 lakes of coffee.
Glad to see someone with industrial experience on realtime processing to respond.

> a complete misunderstanding of the role of nice values for scheduling (hint; it's only useful for altering the behavior of non-RT threads, which means threads that do not have hard or semi-hard timing deadlines).

I suspect you're misreading the quoted documentation, I believe the quoted documentation is fine. To recite, "only the IO threads of PulseAudio are made real-time. The controlling thread is left a normally scheduled thread. Thus enabling the high-priority option is orthogonal (to SCHED_FIFO)".

Nice is applied to the controller responsible for other tasks, SCHED_FIFO is applied to the I/O threads, independently.

> On modern Linux systems, it is impossible for SCHED_FIFO to cause system lockups. [...] so even a SCHED_FIFO thread that runs "while (true){}" will not be allowed to use 100% of a core's cycles.

Really? The rtkit documentation mentioned,

> If processes that have real-time scheduling privileges enter a busy loop they can freeze the entire the system. To make sure such run-away processes cannot do this RLIMIT_RTTIME has been introduced. Being a per-process limit it is however easily cirumvented by combining a fork bomb with a busy loop.

> RealtimeKit hands out RT scheduling to specific threads that ask for it -- but only to those and due to SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK it can be sure that this won't 'leak'.

> In contrast to RLIMIT_RTPRIO, the RealtimeKit logic makes sure that only a certain number of threads can be made realtime, per user, per process and per time interval.

So "while (true){}" won't lock your system up, but "while (true) { fork(); }" certainly will, so the rational of only using SCHED_FIFO on trusted processes is reasonable.

I think it's still true. Is it?
Totally agree, I use 2-3 hours per day reading these sites, include HN, and I think HN is enough for most parts.
I don't use static website generators like Hugo
Not really, the government knew exactly what it was doing. That's why they complained when the EU said that they had to receive billions from Apple - they want to receive less, so that they can compete against other governments.
> People aren’t paying attention to tax bills that are getting voted on. But when they do their taxes, they’re forced to actually work out how much they’re paying the government. A bill or invoice they get in the mail wouldn’t have the same effect.

Except they’re not working it out. They just have TurboTax do it then see they get a few thousand dollars for $35+ and a few minutes of work. Most people don’t understand that a tax return is money that was already theirs; They just see it as an extra paycheck.
> Also doesn't gas cost a lot in Germany? Wouldn't that make the total cost of ownership even more compelling for EVs?

Electricity also costs a lot in Germany (for consumers at least), which offsets the savings on gas. Currently I'm paying about 30ct/kWh (Euro, so about 33.5ct/kWh in $) plus a 15€ monthly base fee. Gas is at 1.45€/l (or ~$6.14 per Gallon) right now. Last time I ran the numbers I ended up with a slightly higher cost per km with an EV compared to a normal car - before even factoring in the purchase price.

If you want to charge at a public charging prices sometimes go up 55ct/kwH, due to them having rather significant fixed costs for measuring power (each station needs to have a certified meter). This gets even more significant if you consider the fact that most people in urban environments won't have a house with a garage, which forces them to use public chargers.
Your comment is funny, since "assuming current technologies remain static" is what fusion proponents have done. They have to assume the competition doesn't get better. If solar and wind continue down their experience curves they will be delivering power at a fraction of a cent per kWh, when fusion will be lucky to deliver power at a cost 100x that.