skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
CP/M was rather similar to MS-DOS / PC-DOS 1.0 – no subdirectories, only a root directory per a disk.

Later versions of CP/M did add one approximation to directories, each disk contained 16 numbered user areas (0-15), you could switch between them by "USER n" command. But, all files existed in the same physical directory, the user area was just a nibble in the directory entry. Files not in the current user area were hidden.

Some versions of CP/M supported password-protecting individual files (and entire disks). If you set a password on a file/disk, the OS would prompt you for the password before allowing you to read/write it. However, there was no encryption, and the passwords were stored using trivial reversible encryption (XOR with a single byte key), so tools existed to retrieve the password.

CP/M file system did not store exact size of files, only how many 128 byte records they contained. Text files used ^Z character as end of file marker. That is why many DOS programs treated ^Z as an end of file marker, even though unlike CP/M it supported storing file sizes to the byte.

Unlike DOS, earlier versions of CP/M did not store file modification times. Later versions added this.

CP/M only supports 7-bit ASCII in file names since high bit of each file name byte is used to store file attributes (read-only, system, etc). The FAT filesystem stores file attributes in a separate byte, enabling use of 8-bit extended ASCII in filenames (diacritics for European languages, etc)

DOS tended to have friendlier commands. COPY vs PIP (Peripheral Interchange Program)

DOS copied a number of features from CP/M - 8.3 file name format, drive letters, similar system calls – Int 21h started out as a subset of CP/M system calls, but later added many more calls which were not CP/M compatible – .COM as an executable file extension, IO.SYS/MSDOS.SYS split (in CP/M called BIOS vs BDOS – the BIOS of IO.SYS is not the same thing as the system firmware BIOS.) DOS added .EXE file format and FAT filesystem. Starting in DOS 2.0, DOS gained subdirectories and a new Unix-inspired file API.

CP/M most commonly was used on 8080/Z80 systems with maximum 64KB address space, with more memory sometimes accessible through bank switching. MS-DOS ran on 8086 which is much more generous with memory. (However, there were versions of CP/M for other CPUs, including 8086 and 68000, although use of those versions was not very common.)
If you use a grepping tool like ripgrep it will automatically ignore everything in your `.gitignore`, so at least for that specific case you're covered.
This depends entirely on your city government and who they contract with.

I've seen on-call pickup of large items (2 or 3x per year), bulk trash day once per year for everything on the curb, free appointments at a central location, and "haul it to the dump yourself then pay a fee".
Clarification: researchers have been able to triangulate a physical location based on ping times to 3 widely-spread locations.
Mistake is often made that ZFC is the be-all and end-all ultimate foundation of mathematics. Unfortunately, 1st-order ZFC (often referred to as just "ZFC") is a very weak theory.

For example, if O is the type of the ordinals, then

O
Boolean // type of all functions from ordinals into type Boolean

cannot be represented in ZFC because it does not exist in the cumulative hierarchy of sets.
Can anyone explain why PBS television stations are local rather than nationwide? I don’t believe I’ve ever seen a local program on one, but they seem to have a huge extra layer of bureaucracy in order to broadcast the same programs in a hundred different locations.
There are two ways to reduce suicide - reduce the reasons to commit suicide, and increase the difficulty of committing suicide. As someone who views suicide as a bad choice - possibly the worst choice someone can make - I think the overall goal reducing suicide is good. But I don't think increasing the difficulty of suicide is the way to go about it.

Imagine a prison, where every prisoner is held within solitary confinement - no contact with others at all. A lot of prisoners commit suicide each year, and the warden needs to reduce this. Is putting every prisoner on suicide watch - removing shoelaces, toilet paper, strong sheets, anything that a prisoner could use to kill themselves - a moral option? After all, it would reduce suicide - sure, the desire for suicide might go up, but no one would be able to act on it, so suicides would go down! But to me... That's just prolonging torture, and that's NOT ok.

We've all got life sentences in this prison, and there's no hope of parole. I personally find life here on Earth to be great! But I can't support preventing people in worse situations from finding a way out. And when you reduce suicide by taking away a way out, instead of providing a better way...
Good point about visas! I'd like to add that when I went, I had difficulty getting a visa from the Chinese Embassy in Hong Kong. (I'd already used 30 days x2 entries, and I wasn't a Hong Kong resident).

Instead, I went to Forever Bright, a visa agent who take passports over to Shenzhen PSB. Sure enough, they got me a 90 day single entry tourist visa with no more questions asked.

It is also possible to get a visa on arrival for the Pearl River Delta area. That lets you visit for 5 days to do some shopping. (when I went I think it used to be 2 weeks).

https://hktravelblog.com/china/how-to-get-shenzhen-visa-on-a...

There are areas outside Shenzhen city that are quite scenic, particularly little islands. But I agree, the city isn't for tourism unless electronics shopping is your kind of thing. I did go on dates there with my ex (message me if you want to know specific ideas), but it helped a lot that she was there to translate. The things that bothered me most when living there were the firewall (no Facebook) and going to church (I could only go to the church for foreigners that's based in an international school or the official government-run Three Self Movement, not a local house church).

Another point about visiting the surrounding area is that people speak Cantonese. Shenzhen is special because everybody moved there from all over Greater China (yes, including Taiwan - there's something special about the Special Economic Zone so many companies are run by Taiwanese businessmen). So Shenzhen speaks Mandarin, but Zhongshan speaks Cantonese.

Now for a shameless plug: if you want to try to learn Chinese, I wrote Pingtype to make the parallel Pinyin and word-by-word translation. I wrote it for and used it for daily Bible reading, which improved my vocabulary significantly. I still use it to process lyrics to sing along in church, though I'm not studying as hard now I don't live in a Chinese-speaking country.

https://pingtype.github.io
> but I'm more and more coming to the conclusion that strings are evil and should be treated as opaque byte arrays, whose only available operation is rendering into a bounded area

nope. they are not byte arrays. if treating them as such, you run into many nasty bugs.
today I encountered one (C#):

if (string.Length > 60)
string.Remove(60)

this has a fucking serious bug, especially if you try to show the string afterwards or worse save it inside a database.

strings are arrays of codepoints. NEVER TREAT THEM AS BYTE/CHAR ARRAYS.
I would expect PBS, of all TV stations, to be less constrained by distribution contracts and to be able to stream their content worldwide. Instead, they choose Youtube TV which is US-only.
AI in Health Care: A Report from the National Academy of Medicine
I remember the UI change being around the time most things broke for me, and there were other users in the product forum with their various games also having issues. Maybe those type of posts were always numerous, and I never visited the forums before. For me the games that broke were Starcraft, Red Alert, and a handful of non-internet games. Perhaps the forum/customer-support tickets didn't make it down to you, but something had definitely broke around the time the UI changed.

It's likely the issues were quickly fixed and I am remembering the gradual post-2009 decline more vividly and blaming it on the time when the UI changed, which was emotionally upsetting ;)

But thanks for posting your remembrance of the events, and creating Hamachi in the first place!
What happens if you submit someone elses DNA as yourself to these products?
Across the street from me are 3 new apartment buildings which collectively house 1500-2000 people.

Down the street are two new apartment buildings which house another 1000-1500 people.

Two blocks away from that are a cluster of apartment buildings which collectively house more than 10,000 people.

And quite frankly, you are simply wrong about the statistics you are citing.

The pre-1990 figure is primarily residential single-family homes, so each structure was on average capable of housing just 4 people. Current residential construction is primarily multi-unit residences, so each structure represents residential capacity, on average, of several dozen people.

So my point stands, and I would strongly recommend you take a statistics course.
> That doesn't to seem to be characteristic of Microservices at all.

Many have their own "unique" definition, which is why "microservices" is bordering on no longer meaning anything. Some people say it and mean SOA—the characteristics you mention are pretty much characteristics of SOA when done right, though independent deployment isn't a necessity.

Martin Fowler attempted to codify a definition, and this is inline with the definition that sbellware is referring to. He (and others) refer specifically to smart endpoints and dumb pipes:

https://martinfowler.com/articles/microservices.html#SmartEn...
Clicker Training
Maybe. I've met an awful lot of people to whom such a distinction is just not obvious. People who would, for example, assert with perfect sincerity that MacOS is built on Linux, or that Solaris (or OpenSolaris, or Illumos, etc...) are the same thing as Linux. It may have been a typo, or it may not have been. The person I was directly responding to didn't seem to think so.

Anyway, that's where the sentiment is coming from.
Best Practices for Software Testing?
I'm looking for advice on how to flesh out and standardise our testing processes as our testing/DevOps team expands

I'm currently using VSTS to keep track of all of our feature requests/bugs but I'm not sure if we want to use this for testing too?
Yes, I read that report and participated in the subsequent discussion [0] where I raised a number of concerns with the study, but wasn't able to find anyone who would seriously and objectively address them.

Frustrated by the unwillingness of anyone to engage in rigorous discussion in that thread, I also contacted the authors to see if they were willing to address some of the concerns. Unfortunately, I did not hear back.

I must confess, this strange combination of group declaration that "the science is in", combined with complete refusal to discuss "the science", leaves me feeling a bit suspicious about the degree to which anyone has actually read the science, or is thinking critically on this matter.

If you could address some of the concerns I raised in [0], I would be delighted.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21708936
> your employers could get it easily anyway

I really hope that would be illegal here in the EU. It being physically possible (or even easy) doesn't make it okay. Not having the dataset easily available is one safety layer to prevent discrimination. No, it sadly doesn't help in all cases. Its unlikely there will ever be something that can, unless maybe you believe in perfectly implemented government policy reeducating us or controlling our behavior.
It doesn't need to be debunked. Bloomberg never produced any evidence. Until they produce an example board it's safe to assume the story is garbage.
No, it was not correct. You can read the executive order for yourself: https://jewishinsider.com/2019/12/exclusive-a-first-look-at-...

And I again recommend this thread from Yair Rosenberg: https://twitter.com/Yair_Rosenberg/status/120457682761800499...

I posted the relevant original excerpt and what it was changed to. It is unequivocally different, and such a substantive change almost always necessitates a clarification if not a correction.

That was only one part of the article that was changed. The article's subhed/deck was also completely changed:

https://web.archive.org/web/20191210221006/https://www.nytim...

> The president’s action will define Judaism as a nationality, not just a religion, and empower the Education Department to withhold money from institutions that tolerate anti-Israel movements.

https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010003/https://www.nytim...

> The president’s action will protect Judaism under civil rights law and empower the Education Department to withhold money from institutions that tolerate anti-Israel movements.
why would you expect that?
What about people following non traditional ways into AI? For me I graduated with my Bachelors degree . I have refined GPT 2 without going for my PHD . I hear of data scientists getting jobs even having less official education.

Top AI talent seems to be too narrow in this example.
My mistake - the Happy Birthday Sundar thing didn't happen. I was looking for a source and realized I read a different comment in this thread wrong. I'll end my original post to reflect this.
My company www.seliom.com let’s you do something similar. I have only been at it for 3 months so it is still rough around the edges. I welcome you to give it a try and let me know if it doesn’t work for you. I would be happy to discuss your use case in more detail as we are still trying to find product-market fit :)

Feel free to reach out at oliver[at]seliom.com

Since we don’t have documentation yet, I can also give you a walkthrough.
I thought ACA fixed that? (As in requiring employers to give some healthcare, even if a horrible one)
Poetry tries to help you manage your whole project while flit is just for building your library (and optionally uploading; you can always use twine to do the upload). It's all-in-one versus one-job-one-tool.
The Long, Sad History of Excalibur Almaz
Keybase is.. not ready for prime time. It's pretty janky, channel discovery is a pain as is spam, and it's still got that weird crypto half-baked nonsense.
China have also lifted loads of people out of poverty in the last few decades. They aren't all evil.
An (in)famous recent example of the Osborne effect deserves mentioning here:
https://blogs.wsj.com/tech-europe/2011/02/09/full-text-nokia...
When you have chronic (years) of decreased sensation in the limbs, coordination and balance problems, half of the throat paralyzed, constantly pissing oneself, cognitive issues, etc, and they can't find a reason for it then it's an illness with verifiable symptoms but has not been diagnosed.

People with spine issues, MS, Lyme, and Lupus for example usually refer to it as "limbo land". Neurological diseases are notoriously difficult to diagnose and often go without an official diagnoses for months, years, and even decades.
I want it tied to a good business. I’d tie my wealth to Google (when they were the same age as Uber), whether I’m the CEO there or not. It doesn’t matter because it’s a great business. If Travis is selling then he agrees it’s a bad business.
Lobbying in the US is a kind of corruption, but I don't think there's any way to lobby to have someone arrested, unless that's in slow motion, where you'd pay lobbyists to press for a law that could be used to arrest your opponent.
Tories switch to messaging app Signal after WhatsApp leaks
Show HN: Pre-Commit Hooks for Golang with Support for Modules
I mean the general warranty law (European or the country's implementation), so 2 years on new electronics for example (European law) or "however long a product may reasonably be expected to work" (Dutch implementation of that law, which makes manufacturers go 'wtf' and they tell everyone 2 years and most people don't know that they have any rights after 2 years, e.g. a TV definitely shouldn't break after 2 years).
A Guide to The Engineer's Jobsearch [pdf]
It's the opposite of what AWS is doing, but not what Amazon as a whole is doing. There was a recent article that said they're considering cost-cutting in the Alexa business unit [1].

[1] https://www.theinformation.com/articles/amazon-learns-a-new-...
"The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor. It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States..." (emphasis mine)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS
> Neither is AWS

This article lists some of the AWS services that now power Amazon.com since they moved away from Oracle. So, while it may not have been true in the past, it does now appear that AWS powers a significant portion of Amazon.com.

https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/migration-complete-amazons-...
Can anyone explain why PBS television stations are local rather than nationwide?

The stations are locally-owned. Usually by a college, school district, or local government entity.

I don’t believe I’ve ever seen a local program on one

Almost all PBS stations have local programming, even in small markets. Some of them award-winning programs.

And a lot of the "national" shows are actually productions of local stations. For example, Masterpiece is WGBH/Boston (in partnership with other broadcasters). Sesame Street started out as WNET/Newark.

Some PBS stations do a good job of providing unique programming to small markets. For example, in the 90's WVIA/Scranton aired Star Trek reruns because they weren't available in that market.
Google's Dangerous Monopoly-Based Foreign Policy
> The requirement to involve a 3rd party certificate authority is a needless power grab. Giving in ends the hope that it will ever get changed.

Genuinely curious - what alternatives do you have in mind? Are there any WoT models that interest you more?

> There is currently only one free cert provider, if there are ever issues with it, your users will see a scary error message

Isn't this the point?

> Downloading and running code from a 4th, or 5th party and giving it access to your config files is not "more secure".

Could you elaborate? Have you written your whole stack from scratch? You are running millions of lines of code that you will never read but have been implemented by other parties.

> HTTPS is needlessly complex making it hard to implement.

Isn't this done with robust battle-tested libraries and built-in support in modern languages?

---

Mainly I'm just wondering why you're letting perfect be the enemy of good. There's always room for improvement in everything, but I don't think user privacy is a reasonable sacrifice to make.

> Giving in ends the hope that it will ever get changed.

Abstaining from HTTPS won't be seen by anyone as a protest, but as incompetency, whether you find that justifiable or not.
Best Practice for Creating Indexes on MySQL Tables
The story is weirder than not just agreeing to licensing terms. Gary Kildall (of Digital Research) and IBM have wildly conflicting versions of how their meeting went. To the point that I don't think the exact circumstances will ever be clear.
The Finality of Everything
With a handheld radio and a Technician License, you can get on the air via local repeaters, work the VHF/UHF satellites, tinker with APRS (using something like this: http://www.mobilinkd.com/).

$500 will get you a good HF rig, but as another comment mentioned, you'll need to factor in the cost of a DC power supply, some decent coaxial cable and something to use for an antenna. Antennas can be dirt-cheap - just wire cut to length and lofted however you can.

/r/hamradio is a solid online resource. There's a semi-official IRC channel too.
I understand the problem with antibiotic resistance, but telling a farmer that an animal treated by antibiotics can't enter the food supply until after treatment ends doesn't really solve the problem when it comes to animals raised as food -- the farmer can treat the animal with antibiotics for nearly all of its life, only stopping the treatment just before slaughter.
I've been waiting for Qi charging as well!

I love my original MX Master, but it really annoys me when I have to deal with that charging cable. USB-C might be a marginal improvement, but I' love to be able to just put the mouse on my Qi pad when I leave the office...
from another person
> This is what happens when regulators don't promote a fair marketplace.

> Because Amazon has out priced or out delivered many local stores, we don't have those choices any more.

Original post referred to the marketplace in general, and even posited that Amazon has "out priced" local stores, so the goalposts were set to reference the market in general. You're the one moving them.
Full report: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare https://nam.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/AI-in-Health-Care...
I meant "byte array" as in "this is a bunch of binary data you should not look into". Like people already do with images. You wouldn't remove a byte from the middle of a JPEG file, and you shouldn't do it with strings either.
Simtel
Why would they have an obligation to provide the same price?
I can't stream BBC 1 in the US either though.
Sounds like fake news has made it's way into the Finnish school system
I will agree that it was the inspiration. And I think there is slow movement towards scaling kubernetes.

Note that Borg isn't a global services. There are many instances in different locations. Borg also doesn't scale globally.
They still buy syndicated content and have licenses for distributing things like BBC.
But the last two words in your quote are "United States."

PBS, like all distributors, licenses content from producers of content--sometimes PBS is the producer, often it is not--for distribution inside a defined territory.

For example, Doctor Who, Red Dwarf, Downton Abbey, and Are You Being Served are all British TV shows licensed by PBS for distribution in the US. PBS can't stream them worldwide same as the BBC can't show some of the content it distributes outside of the United Kingdom.
Can two apples a day help reduce high cholesterol?
> Severely undercutting manufacturing prices for decades, to the point that Western nations have lost the ability to manufacture many products.

Western countries have moved to products that have higher value added. China is largely industrial society, the developed world is post-industrial society.

> Devaluing the Yuan and opening trade agreements around the world to protect itself from US sanctions and tariffs

China has not been doing this for a long time.
No, I don't think completely different software "infect" each other this way.

Consider this: Canonical ships Ubuntu which is based on the GPLv3 licensed Linux kernel. Yet their distribution contains all kind of software including gplv2, Apache, BSD and even proprietary. Some are from canonical themselves, and they are in no ways "infected" by the gplv3 license.

Also, tivo-ization was about TiVo publishing a Linux code that could not be used by anyone since the hardware would reject it (due to missing signing keys). These days these issues are solved by having keys and such in the bootloader which is BSD licensed (see for example Android).
PE advisor here.

First, VC doesn't acquire businesses, PE does.

Second, I've seen NUMEROUS examples of entities acquired by financial sponsors (PE) that work out well.

If you look at Vista Equity, Thoma Bravo, Silverlake, TA Associates, Accel-KKR, etc. you'll find an incredible amount of wealth being generated.

PS - Depends on what you mean by "turned out great"...