skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Ask HN: Are we in a top down simulation?
Let’s assume for a second that the world is simulated. There are, theoretically, 2 ways to do that. The first is the bottom up approach where we design the subatomic structures and make them interact in certain way and let it all evolve as it will. The second, much more difficult to code but much less resource intensive, is the top down approach where we design the rules of reality at a specific snapshot, and the machine running the simulation simply works backwards and forewords in time.

Say you wanted to simulate human development. You would setup a world simulation as a snapshot of some 100 million years on earth with the conditions you need, and the simulation would simply compute out in all four dimensions, x, y, z, time, but with less precision with grater distance from the origin. And since we are basically fitting data to the problem at this point, there will be some rounding errors at the edges. Since the precise physics is simulated only when it can be observed in the simulation, not everything that happens in the world actually complies with precise subatomic physics. Sometimes it’s just an approximation of the subatomic physics, or, more accurately, the subatomic physics are an approximation of what would be observed if the world was not simulated.

So the inconsistencies between atomic and subatomic worlds could be just a byproduct of a top down simulation. And, if you follow the simulation theory statistical argument, than statistically speaking the less resource intensive top down type of simulations would be far more common. So it’s more likely than not that we are in a top down simulation and quantum physics is just an approximation of our reality, hence the inconsistencies.

Thoughts?
The monotonicity alone makes the required state _very_ easy. Adding (timestamp, jwt_id) pairs to a monotonic set which you occasionally switch over to a second, fresh set (checking against both, adding to one) requires zero coordination in the critical path. The only coordination required is about when the sets are switched, where you need to ensure that you leave ample time for old JWTs to expire before clearing the corresponding revocation set entries.
If people can’t figure out how to do that on their own, they aren’t going to be equipped to detect issues in the source anyway.
I like to also purposefully misspell words, or use some kind of alternative representation of letters, like use 'keeb0rd' instead of 'keyboard'.
Fascinating journey through various parsing techniques, aside from describing glush itelf. bookmarked!
Take it all the way to the Supreme Court. It's pretty clear the State will loose this as an issue of the 1st amendment.
The Inspector General’s Report on 2016 FBI Spying Reveals a Scandal
^+1 In just a few paragraphs, you summed up my frustration with online dating.
The farmers won. Why would they choose to farm if there were no advantages?

What happened was that farming was so successful that the human population boomed. When famine did occur, it caused more deaths because there were more humans.
Does it? I'm trying to think what the poison transients would be like on a core of that shape and size... In any case, I know that large commercial plants have transients that all but preclude the use case you're suggesting, since the daily periodicity of of the demand variability is much shorter than the poison transients.
There was actually some type of Gopher server built on top of HyperCard. I don’t know all of the technical details, but my first paid program was a college that asked me to port a freeware Hypercard chat app I wrote to it.
Joker is an R-rated film. Your 12-year-old niece being affected is to be expected, the rating is set for a reason.
They recently honored it for me. 20% difference.
Hah, that truly is the exception.

It's been a few years but if I recall correctly we did have a "smoke test" running on a jenkins box under someone's desk that booted a few levels with most of the game entities(they were called danger_room_1/2/3/etc) and verified that the game didn't crash. Aside from that though there wasn't much else which lead to some spectacular build breaks.

Ah the joys of "AAA" development.
The years around 1970 are one of those inflection points that is a lot like the causes of the Industrial Revolution: it can't be summed into a few easy factors.

For me the defining thing is the emergence of the USA from the postwar politics and policies and into more of an assumed administrator of the globalization project, a status that it retained until just recently.

Besides the information systems, international containerization standards were settled around this time and jet travel was becoming more affordable. A lot of pieces were in place to renegotiate trade and labor deals. And there was a break with numerous social policies; the calls from think-tanks to reinstate a stratified society started coming out at this time too. Big public infrastructure projects mostly died out in the 70's, and the narcotic drug trade from Mexico and the resulting "drug wars" picked up in the late 60's, conveniently just in time for amphetamenes to fall out of favor.

So, the move away from gold is just one of numerous things that changed in a surpisingly short time frame.
Retail stores have sold their shelf space to the highest bidder for decades.
I mean... your friend's not wrong, if by "Linux" she/he means "Ubuntu 16.04 LTS" with the caveats:

* disable Secure Boot xor create your own efi signing key pair, get friendly with `mokutil`, and pray your firmware's UEFI implementation supports that complicated custom KEK

* Ubuntu 18.04 support, but forcibly install at least one 16.04 package they couldn't be bothered to build for the latest stable release of their chosen distro --- or `patchelf` the shared object and, again, pray.

* accept that the debugging symbols they provide still bear the source paths from the Jenkins instance that packaged them

* Oh, yeah; sometimes the device is detected as USB 2.1. That's fun when it happens 2 hours into a calibration run

They're good if all you need is a flakey proof of concept. It sounds to me like you require something better.
Yeah, this is why you either need to disable the android usb driver and use default linux ones (enabling which, broke the compile for the vendor kernel on my device)

Or patch the android stuff to add HID support: https://github.com/pelya/android-keyboard-gadget
Google’s quantum supremacy algorithm has found its first practical use
I'm thinking they're getting close to the scale where you could put wings and electric motors on them.
> I'm really bad when it comes to negotiations and figuring out a good barter.

> I absolutely don't want to take the legal route and want to work something out mutually.

You know, a good lawyer is both good at listening to his client’s goals and good at negotiating. Such a lawyer would avoid a “scorched earth” outcome, if that’s what you want, and also negotiate a better deal than you could on your own. Lawyers who specialize in business transactions are sometimes called transactional lawyers (as opposed to litigators, who specialize in asserting claims in court).
When this came out I wasn’t directing IT... I had to (fucking) fight tooth and nail to get our MSP and CFO to accept it.

CFO no longer has anything to do with IT, MSP was fired... not for this, for leaving admin credentials in JSON file accessible to everyone on a shared drive.

Ah, good times!
Well, sounds like it's difficult to restart actually.
Almost every major media organization does this. For example, impeachment coverage was carried live, while the discussion of the FISA abuses was mostly ignored. If media orgs were “seeking the truth,” they wouldn’t be selectively covering hearings that boost their narrative but fail to tell the complete story. Another example: Buzzfeed “News” had one critical story on Obama out of 100 total stories. Even if you love Obama, suggesting that he was “good” 99 out of 100 times is pure propaganda. Selective editing and coverage decisions are far more sinister than reputation management firms.
Apple maps has gotten a lot better than release but it still has a long way to go imo. It's probably fine in the bay area at this point, but boy does it do some dumb shit in LA. It's worse than waze, and waze is worthless (an unprotected left across a six lane boulevard is just not happening, among other similar boneheaded moves).

Google also spoils me with multi modal options, although the transit estimates seem to be a complete stab in the dark and there are quirks like invisible buses. The bike timing is also useful, but the routing is usually junk and profoundly unsafe.

Living here has taught me that all these apps generally suck, just google maps seems to suck slightly less.
"Dolese’s ad, for example, could have reached a predominantly male audience because it featured a man, or because an interest in trucking acts as a proxy for maleness, or both. (A Dolese spokeswoman said the ad targeted categories “that would appeal to someone in this line of work.”) The settlement did not resolve the potential bias from proxies and ad content, but said Facebook would study the issue."

The "I love programming" bit is an example of the kind of proxy they're talking about. Something correlated with gender but not gender itself. The FB algorithm uses thousands of data points that might correlate in different ways. Saying that any of those variables that correlates with gender should be forbidden is crazy.
This is a great article. But it’s irrelevant to this discussion.
Their non-logging-based investigation got them to the point that they were aware the problem occurred when a companion fell from a great height while the player was on their ship:

> The only place in the game when a companion is present but not in the active party is when the player is on their ship

> Eventually we figured out that "undamageable" does not mean "invulnerable" -- they can't take damage from attacks but can still get hurt from other things

> One of those things: falling a great distance

> The problem with that is that there are no spots in the player's ship that are high enough to result in a lethal fall

> So now we had to figure out how companions were mysteriously ending up way above the level

> I looked into tons of theories

This does look like logging would have caught it. They knew exactly what they were looking for: companions reaching strange heights while the player is on their ship.
> Presenting type-level programming as a good thing

> Fetishizing Curry-Howard

These seem a bit causal :)

When you do closer and closer to dependently-typed programming (which necessitates more type-level programming because dependent types aren't present in any production language yet), Curry-Howard actually can be a nice way to ground yourself when you get confused or stuck programming at the type level.
A few potential issues I see:

1) Adjustments for cost of living geographic distribution of a college's graduates when earnings is measured. This distribution would not be the same for all colleges. E.g. Texas vs California - 100K/year in SF is not the same standard of living as 100K in Dallas.

2) Is there any adjustment for the fact that for some colleges a high percentage of 4 year degree holders go on to earn a graduate level degree. That could certainly be the case for the Pharmacy schools where I'd bet that many BS graduates go on to earn a Doctor of Pharmacy. You would end up comparing the NPV of a pharmacy degree with a BS from say CSU, San Jose.
This seems to be the default for web apps here in China, such as Taobao or JD. Either the home page or the login page presents a QR code, and the mobile app has a scan icon.
That makes a lot of sense; probably why we only see nuclear reactors on military vessels.
Tending crops is not easier than hunting. Especially in the early Neolithic when bronze hasn't even been discovered yet. But even today, farming is tougher than hunting. The difference is that farming and animal husbandry scales tremendously well. Predators regularly die off in the prey-predator cycle. Agriculture when done right and under favorable climates is predictable and scalable.
I'm not totally sure it would. Going 20+ MPH on a bike only makes the safety issues worse, without making the commute all that much faster in a way that would reduce how long I'm in the hot/cold/rain.
Only tangentially related, sorry: all of the the companions in The Outer Worlds were uninteresting, I found it much more satisfying (and challenging) to beat the game solo. Effectively, each companion was an ordinary human, with some arbitrary specialities, joining your crew because the current mission required it. That said, The Outer Worlds was a lot of fun (albeit short-lived).
or just download the data table in csv format since they wanna load all kinds of social media tracking crap along with the tool: https://cewgeorgetown.github.io/collegeROI/ROIforWeb.csv
Right.

One point to keep an eye on is, if you are using (e.g.) AWS API Gateway with a custom authorizer, it caches the authentication response for a certain time.

This is not a problem of jwt, but makes the 'logout everywhere' and every black and whitelist need some more time.
iPods Pro
Not necessarily. You could try simple variations of every single character of the password (lower/uppercase, previous/next character) and try to hash that and compare to the previous passwords. That's just ~30 hashes for a 10 letter password.
NY Times has a monthly threshold. Their obit has some nice social info the guardian does not and vice-versa. If you can use incognito mode to get round the paywall the nytimes article is worth reading. Tim Berners-Lee's mother worked with Brooker!
Grab one of these: http://bbcsfx.acropolis.org.uk/?cat=waterfalls

Play on a loop...
Nice white-noise generator :)
Except crashes~~
Baby Health
The problem for a 1.5 MW commercial reactor is that paying security guards and building physical barriers very quickly becomes cost prohibitive. If you have a 1000 MW plant, it's doable. But at 1.5 MW it's really hard to run 3 shifts of guards and operators cheaply. Some have considered significantly undergrounding nuclear plants to help deal with this, but then cost of excavation gets way up there.
While I can see why someone might think that way, the problem is this: simulating quantum mechanical systems is much, much harder than simulating classical physics. From a simulator’s point of view, throwing in QM isn’t a simplification, it changes your simulation from basically linear scaling to a horrendous exponentially scaling nightmare.

Furthermore, quantum mechanics isn’t really an “optional extra” for our universe, it’s too important, eg none of the materials or chemicals you see around you make any sense without quantum mechanics.
I heard about this several years ago and became attuned to it. I follow a few small cap companies and cryptocurrencies with google news alerts, and most of the articles sound very robotic and just put data in paragraph form. When the headline is “XYZ up 2.3% today, a 43.9% above average increase” I know it’s computer generated.
Judge Finds the Wrap's Contract with Reporter to Be Unlawful
Neat. Sounds like I’ll be jumping down the rabbit hole to figure out why carbed cars vapor-lock but airplanes are the reverse. :)
Fun fact: the creator of RSS, RDF and Schema.org is Ramanathan V. Guha, a former leader at Cycorp (currently at Google).
I tried to switch to other editors several times, but couldn't make the transitions for several reasons: ) My editing workflow now is tightly tied to Vim, for example the normal/insert mode paradigm. ) The capability to navigate using hjkl is helping with my RSI condition, because I find that it helps to offload some of the workload on the wrist of the right hand. When editing in Vim, as compared to other traditional editors, my hands get less tired. *) Other editors have their own quircks, and I don't want to spend yet another number of years to adjust.

I've decided that the next time I switch to an editor, it's going to be to one written by myself.
Request HN: Notification Bell
It would be great to get a notification when a comment or submission is upvoted or someone has replied to it.

Will it be useful - Yes/No?
Good stuff. It should be noted though that it's not really calculating NPV for the students themselves, as it can't measure what the students' earnings would have been had they not gone to college (or gone to a different college). Much of the difference in measured NPV across colleges will be due to the quality of students, not the quality of education / opportunities provided by the college.
I'm going to disagree.

When you start a business, you have no idea what it's going to grow into, or if it's going to grow. So you start simple. The design was good enough for there to one day be too many customers. That is huge.

When this happened, they started a second copy of their app, and could now handle twice as many customers. Repeat 3998 more times. Now the toy app is making some real money, so you can afford to deep-dive into the system and fix the technical problems.

They avoided the real issue that kills startups, having a customer call you because they want to buy your service and you saying "sorry, we aren't accepting any new customers right now because Hacker News comments don't like our software architectures."
Think of the term "Economies of Scale." In one sense, it means building a larger steel mill, oil refinery, aluminum smelter, etc. to lower production costs. Applied to nuclear reactors, you get large, one-of-a-kind designs, that have to go through a long approval process, complicated construction, with major financial risk, defeating any economies of scale they had (primarily higher temperatures leading to higher energy efficiency.)

Another way to look at economies of scale is to produce a lot of identical widgets, in this case modular reactors that can be manufactured in one factory and shipped on trucks to the site ready to be installed, with streamlined permitting and approval based on a proven track record with identical units.

One additional benefit is you can do the site permitting "on spec" submitting for multiple locations and then you have 10-20 years to decide where you want to build, only investing the money if it turns out the market is there.
Not OP, but… concurrency is not the same as parallelism. This is an important hair to split:

https://stackoverflow.com/a/24684037/1026671

"Concurrency" doesn't warrant scare quotes even when describing a single threaded program.

It's true that Node.js allows one task to block many others, but that's an implementation detail of Node.js, not a guaranteed result which necessarily applies to any program using only one OS thread. Other programs suffer from analogous starvation/deadlock/livelock/priority inversion problems, but those would be implementation details too, not guaranteed results from using multiple OS threads.
Comments like this make me lose faith in humanity. You don't seem like a stupid person, but are willing to believe in an unbelievably complex cover-up that would require hundreds of career public servants to lie for some unknown benefit, as opposed to the obvious scenario: Russia doesn't give the slightest damn about meddling in elections. They're willing to murder people with exotic poisons on foreign soil on a regular basis, why would election meddling be any different?
Yes, and this is the main document to read.[1]

There's some hand-waving on safety issues in Table 1.9-2. NuScale passes the buck on flooding issues to the plant owner. Also, there's some hand-waving on software safety issues: "The NuScale design applies RG 1.152, Revision 3 and IEEE Std. 7-4.3.2-2003 that it endorses. For RG 1.168, the requirements of IEEE 1012-2004 are tailored to the NuScale I&C development lifecycle, which is different from the conceptual waterfall lifecycle in IEEE 1012-2004. The applicable tasks from IEEE 1012-2004 to the I&C development are mapped. Some administrative mandatory requirements in the standard conflict with established Engineering or QA documentation requirements. The requirements of IEEE 1028-2008 are tailored to the NuScale I&C development lifecycle." This may mean "We use Agile and your outdated rules don't apply".

The key concept is that, since these plants are passively cooled and don't require pumps for cooling, many of the concerns about keeping cooling water flowing to prevent a meltdown don't apply. "For the NuScale design, the safety analysis shows that core damage does not occur during any design basis event.", says the application. What could possibly go wrong?

A big concern is that NuScale proposes to put up to 12 reactors in one connected pool. I haven't found the part yet where they discuss what happens if one leaks and contaminates the whole pool. Or the pool springs a leak and drains into the ground.

These are not small plants. A 12-unit plant is 720MW of electrical power, so it's getting close to a typical gigawatt sized plant. More small units, instead of one big one.

The history of power reactor meltdown incidents is roughly as follows:

- Three Mile Island - meltdown, big containment vessel, fully contained, expensive but not hazardous.

- Chernobyl - fire, meltdown, no containment vessel, radioactive material dispersed over large area.

- Fukishima - meltdowns, undersized containment vessels breached, radioactive material dispersed over moderate sized area.

A certain amount of skepticism about designs that "don't need" a big containment vessel is perhaps justified.

[1] https://www.nrc.gov/docs/ML1924/ML19241A398.pdf
Fixing Random, bonus episode 3
Google maps mostly avoids the cardinal sin of most navigation apps: the unprotected left across the multi lane road in heavy traffic.
This has been discussed many times and rejected.

I use https://hnnotify.xyz/ for notifications (there are several similar services).
https://rebrand.ly/healthblog
Which did Google invent vs which did they buy?
Unless it's in Math. If a Math breakthrough makes it to the popular media then it's most likely a very big breakthrough.
Other pain points include bike routing and unreliable (but still more reliable than any other app I've tried) transit times.
Setting MySQL to listen on 0.0.0.0 and grant all to ‘user’@‘%’ are not the best of ideas...
And who the cleaners and gardeners and menials are. The ones not allowed in the nice places except to clean them and get out.

Overall Google employs roughly equal number of staff and contractors, the latter are in significantly different terms of employment. The functional maintenance and service staff were an outsource, they many be an in-house now, but you would have to be in denial to pretend they are not an underclass. My visit to mountain view was an eye opener.
They were originally called UPower and changed the name. I really like the name Oklo too. When they first changed it, I thought for sure it was a reference to "little tiny reactors in Africa." So far their target market seems to be rural Alaska. Also, one of the co-founders is from Oklahoma, so I think that factored in as well.
People used to get by without insurance because robust regulation is required to make an insurance industry viable. Unregulated insurance is a scam by default if there is no way to be sure anyone will pay out in the event.
AI regulation and firm behaviour
The care instructions still mention that the handle is stainless steel. I suspect they’ve revised the design without creating a new SKU.

I do wonder why they felt the need to add metal at all though; I’ve never felt that a plain wooden spoon was lacking anything and having a heat-conductive material in a hot pot seems like a good way to get a burn. The description just says it’s a “nice accent.”
But the company has already secured permission to build its first 12-reactor plant at the Idaho National Laboratory, which may start supplying power to communities in Western states as soon as 2026.

Good plan. That's where to put it. The Idaho National Laboratory, formerly the National Reactor Testing Station, is 890 square miles of mostly empty space. For good reasons.