skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
For scaling (LB) reads + HA, HAproxy + built-in replication to hot standbys is much simpler. You can use keepalived to promote a new master automatically if it dies. HAproxy can also give you two different ports on the vIP, one for read-only and one for read-write that automatically find which server is the master and which servers are replicas, using periodic banner testing. It's free, doesn't depend on someone coding a Postgres statement proxy and getting every corner-case just right, and lower latency. I suggest using LVS too so the vIP can move around if a box dies.

For scaling (LB) read&writes + HA, consider postgres-xl instead. It's FOSS w/ optional commercial support.

If you have crazy OLAP or metrics data, consider Greenplum. Freemium FOSS.
Awesome can't wait.
>The web? Bad for business, it contributes to competitors.

If that’s the case it’s just going to be dumb crap; it’s driven by business and not technology.
>>> what is the mnist digits equivalent toy problem of probabilistic programming?

I wish it were that simple! Unfortunately, the only way to really get an intuitive feel for computational probability is going through the exercises.

Before even starting PyMC3, I'd systematically go through some classic problems in probability theory such as the birthday paradox, sleeping beauty problem, 3 prisoner's, etc. And implement them directly in code, without using any dependencies.

Here, for example, is Monte Hall in Golang. You can quickly see how trivial it is to extend the game from 3 doors to 99+ doors. And how a derivation might follow:

https://play.golang.org/p/RGkJ9dToda9

Only after you get a feel for going from probability spaces to events to random variables can you begin to understand the power behind taking human error out of inference that probabilistic environments provide.

Best of luck ;)
I'm not quite following what you mean. Sure, you can change the probability and make one side arbitrarily likely to win by appropriate wording. (Heck, just take one of the existing predictions which has ~0% probability - there's plenty of them.) That doesn't change the problem that you can only win at most twice the money you put up despite locking it up arbitrarily long.
As someone running older hardware with a spinning disk drive, the comment was useful and something I might consider looking into.

At work I think I have a 2012-era ssd drive, that while speedy is probably pretty far behind modern drives. When things start thrashing in swap it's a bad time all around.
Ceph has an object-store interface (which might still account for the majority of its usage) and some people I used to work with on Gluster are now at Minio, so those are the two I'd look at if I needed something in that space.
Want to also add it's called CIDR notation - or that's what I've learned - and that term has loads of good results
it would still be an offset much less than the loss of precision by storing int milliseconds.
There are also some techniques for dealing with the time inaccuracies, although I feel those aren't widely known.
When I took an animal communication class in college, there was a formula for the value of information (not data).

I don't remember the exact formula, but it was similar Shannon's equation. Basically, the more valuable information is, the larger the change it affects in the probably of what an organisms next behavioral state is. So, if information signaling didn't change the behavior of another organism, it wasn't considered communication.
Public-private organizations, but capitalism takes all the blame naturally. It's the perfect material for selling people on pure state-run businesses to less informed citizens IMO.

Don't get me wrong though, the public/private trend of the last two decades really has been a cancer on society. I wish more market-leaning people realized this, since a ton of conservatives push it as some half-baked solution to "big government". We're all sold these benefits of "free" markets when the organization looks or operates nothing like a marketplace with legitimate competition nor with the transparency or responsibility towards externalities that public organizations bring.

It really is an opaque proxy for politicians and corrupt business leaders in the community whose only skill is working gov contract systems to have even less transparency and plunder public money. It's a worse-worse solution, gift wrapped as some more efficient pseudo-market.

We need a stronger divide between either private or public. These compromised middle grounds are a disaster. The US health market is the obvious example but there are a thousands of smaller ones in every municipality.
Or you have to keep the codebase small. I'm not convinced an OS or programming language or database needs millions of lines of code.

I'm not alone in this scepticism. Check out Alan Kay's STEPS project from a few years ago. The goal was to create a complete computing stack in 20k LoC.

My current project has a similar goal: https://github.com/akkartik/mu#readme

You mentioned tech debt. I think I have a more aggressive definition of tech debt than most: any dependency you rely on that you don't understand the internals of is tech debt. It's fine to take on in the short term, but you should be planning to pay it off in the long term. The approach modern software takes, of continually adding dependencies (each of which is itself growing monotonically complex) faster than anyone can internalize them, this approach feels utterly insane. Under this definition, my tiny tool is the least of someone's problems if say they depend on 60 Ruby Gems.

Look at my definition of x86 instructions: http://akkartik.github.io/mu/html/013direct_addressing.cc.ht... If this is tech debt, I'll stay in debtors' prison, because it's safer inside than outside.
Since i found this hard to believe too, i searched for the location, clicked through to wikipedia from the results

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devils_Hole#cite_note-NPS-1

and from there to the cited note

[2] https://www.nps.gov/deva/learn/nature/devils-hole.htm

Strange planet we live on!
> Increasing one necessarily decreases the other.

Simply not true. Encoding schemes represent a whole different set of tradeoff possibilities which you don't seem to have considered, and simple replication is worse than other options in terms of both reliability and efficiency.
I've seen this happen due to system evolution. At first some entity may have a parent record or not. So when you ask for the parent, you either get it, or null.

But then the system evolves to not be many-to-one, but many-to-many. To avoid breaking old clients, they make it so the only difference is when they return multiple related records, in which case they're given in an array.

Thus you now have: null for empty, the record it self if there is only one related, and an array of records if there are more than one related.
> January 2005
At some point, wouldn't that be like public servants blaming Gmail for people using e-mails to share pedopornography and terrorist plots?
Retired USAF General Makes Eyebrow Raising Claims About Advanced Space Tech
What are you looking at, https://predictions.global/ ? An estimate of $2.6m at stake sounds pretty good to me, compared to LB which has like $40k at stake right now.

It's also worth noting that as part of the migration to Augur 2, Augur 1 is supposed to be gradually shutting down: https://www.augur.net/blog/v2-transition-update/ https://www.augur.net/blog/v1-cutoff-update/ So that may be reducing activity.
I'm not an Apple fan but the Macbook 13 8/128 is a solid buy. Competitively priced against the other industry leaders (XPS, Surface, X1, etc).

The only reason I don't own one is because the 16/512 variant makes a silly jump in price. I think that's where the complaint should be. Not with the Mac "Pro".

Apple is not dumb. They sell the 8/128 variant to college kids and know that companies will pony up the ridiculous price jump so their developers can run VMs and local compiles on a i7 16/512.
Selection is destruction, and destruction is selection. (but not even a blackhole can destroy information?)
"I clicked on a thing and inadvertently handed off admin rights for my own FB page to someone else"

https://youtu.be/UY8tDvK0yXc?t=183
There is some material about improved build times on the apple site. I'd say that's aimed directly at programmers. Also some stuff on machine learning, but that could be in the domain of other fields. But yes, the majority of marketing material is aimed at creatives and some researchers for simulations.
Google Has $100 for Teachers Who Steer 20 Children to Google CS First
TL;DR: If drumbot.glitch.me doesn't work for you, try running it locally [2]. It's surprisingly effortless!

First attempt at trying this out: 502 Bad Gateway.

Second attempt: I thought I didn't want to mess with Node, so I downloaded Magenta Studio [0] instead. When trying to load the Max patch, my potato promptly lost its will to Live. (Ba-dum tss [1].) Maybe loading a 900MB .amxd when you only have 1GB of free RAM isn't a great idea? Anyway, I'm not keen on risking another reboot today, so I'm putting this off for now.

Third attempt: Localhosting DrumBot [2]. Five minutes ago, I didn't have Node installed (I didn't even recall ever touching Node directly at all), but now (npm install … added 247 packages from 284 contributors … found 4 moderate severity vulnerabilities … npm start) the tensors are flowing already! Whoa, Node is so easy, any idiot can use it — even musicians ;)

I peck in a simple melody:

Fly me to the moon
Let me play Fly me to

Oops, this started looping at an unexpected point. I guess I should have stuck to a 4/4 time signature? DrumBot is equally confused and lethargically bangs out wonky shit like it's attempting to cure carbon monoxide poisoning with ketamine. Meet my new band: Tourette's Horse Tranquilizer.

I start over, this time with a proper MIDI keyboard plugged in. Initially this fails: MIDI Off messages trigger notes in the same way as MIDI On messages. This is easily fixed by routing the MIDI through a DAW. (Why? No idea.) I play a standard Boogie riff, except slowed down to 100 BPM (because I can't really play keys; I just have this controller for inputting notes). DrumBot analyses this (100% correctly) as a Chicago Blues turnaround and, apparently knowing that six and two is eight, immediately channels Casey Jones[3].

Dear fellow scholars: what a time to be alive! [4]

Btw. @notwaldorf: I just had a go at routing DrumBot's output back into my DAW and obtained good results by dragging parts of my custom drum kit onto the MIDI notes that seemed most relevant. Then I changed the input and now DrumBot is hitting notes I haven't mapped yet. I guess it's using the standard GM drum map? Implementing that in its entirety would involve setting up over 40 separate instruments :/ But I'm not supposed to go quite that far, right? Is there some documentation telling every monkey how to make DrumBot king of the bongo bong? [5]

[0] https://magenta.tensorflow.org/studio/
[1] https://www.ableton.com/en/live/max-for-live/
[2] https://github.com/magenta/drumbot
[3] https://youtu.be/RSTF6GJ23LY
[4] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLujxSBD-JXgnqDD1n-V30...
[5] https://youtu.be/cfLIlP-GAmg
Probably should bring that one back to be honest...
I think people have thought the thought that perhaps everything is conscious.[1] If so, then it doesn't seem that odd to think of a machine being conscious.

[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panpsychism
I find it sad that people move to a location because of nightlife and then proceed to drive that nightlife out of business.
Don't use Instagram?
This comment makes it to my Top 3 "I know what I'm talking about" list on Hacker News. Number 1 and 2 being the guy who won the Putnam, and the guy who burned the wood from a boat.

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35079

[2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10803552
I think your overestimating the effort those tasks required. Grading for example seems like a significant administrative burden ideal for automation. However, collage administrators don’t calculate grades per student, at most their doing a quick GPA calculation based on final letter grades.

Teachers actually calculate grades, but that’s again vastly less effort than grading assignments. to the point where many just use pen and paper to record results. Many attempts at automation have increased teacher workload and require support staff.

Schools are seeing benefits from these computer systems, but they rarely reduce costs.

PS: Another consideration is collages are seasonal. Reducing the effort for some task may aid the workers. However, 100 administrators twiddling their thumbs costs just as much and schools need to staff for various crunch times not average workloads.
Google's power over those is becoming worrisome...
If you think inflation is an imaginary problem, sure. But literally all of finance would disagree with you.
aSDASDASDASDASD
Cost will very likely move in the direction of drones and not human-powered helicopters. Or, looking at another way, once Police departments are flying drones everywhere, and if that footage were accessible to citizens, then news orgs would for sure stop paying for the current system. That's a big "if", though. It just as easily might be the drones come, but the footage is locked up behind legal departments.
While the tax rates are the same the result is different since a shareholder can chose when to realize the gain. If you model dividend reinvestment vs share buy backs this taxation deferral is quite significant for the shareholder due to compounding effects. A simplistic illustration:

Tax rate on cap gains and dividends is 20%.

Inflation is zero.

Company earns 10% of its market cap yearly in profits.

Company's market cap is static over time.

Scenario A: returns profits as share buy backs.

Scenario B: returns profits as dividends on which the shareholder pays tax and reinvests the rest in company stock.

At the end of the scenario, sell all stock paying capital gains tax due (nothing to pay on scenario B since stock price has not changed.)

Even though dividends and capital gains are taxed at the same rate, scenario A beats scenario B by 10% over 10 years and 45% over 30 years.
At the End of Life, More Americans Are Dying at Home
And there are (slightly) more than 4 billion of them, of course.
There are physical laws but if you watch people they always find ways around it given enough money and time. Space travel via rockets is a nice example of that. Even the rocket equation itself has been circumvented via solar sails and magnetic propulsion.

You might think you can rely on something as simple as thermodynamics but if you are you’re going to have to be absolutely anal about where you draw the system boundary. People are really really good at getting work out of nearly anything. Don’t forget the planet is warmed by the sun and that you can just walk outside and use that for work.
HOW REPLY WORKS
I see a number of specific advantages the military has.

One is civilian oversight. You literally can write your Congressman and complain, and there is an IG office to curb some of the worst abuses. But, that's really only helping you in the worst cases.

Two, the military is a bit like an enormous union where job descriptions are so precise people are relatively interchangeable. And, unlike a union, it applies to management, too, and they will tell people to pack up and move across the world. So if your job description is large enough, your chain of command is constantly cycling as senior people come and go, often from another part of the nation entirely. It's breaking up those cozy connections that the OP was detailing, where all those people were buddies from a long way back.

Three, when senior people have all lost friends to war, suicide, or even training accidents, it injects a healthy degree of candor into every day interactions. I noticed this when I had a mess of errands to run, simply walking from the troop to a commo shop to central in-processing to finance that there was a shift in attitude, an increasing degree of "unreality". (OTOH, we could spend all day standing around with our gear laid out for inspection because our leadership was entirely insulated from the wages paid to 120 men.)

Four, there is some explicit filtering for competence. If you're in a combat arms unit in the Army, your senior leadership is almost certainly Ranger qualified, and they can fail out if their peers don't think they're a good leader. The downside is those guys are routed into the military bureaucracy, so again, it kinda sucks to not be combat arms. But, at least they're not going to bumbling around in a firefight.
>as the robot's appearance continues to become less distinguishable from a human being, the emotional response becomes positive once again and approaches human-to-human empathy levels

The gap implied by "approaches" is where the problems occur, and how that gap is dealt with is where inherent bias in the process(es) fits.

>Computer vision can process images with a higher resolution than the human eye can distinguish.

The problem is not in the resolution, but the "process" part. Also, "resolution" is not the right word to pivot the situation on, since we'd have to be comparing a digital system with an analog one.

>All models are wrong, but some are useful.

Useful I'll give you, but for life and death decisions? It's not going to help me evade downvotes, but...not so much.
The world is full of airplane incidents. Check this out: https://avherald.com/
It's definitely inspired by Literate Programming. My code instructions in OP refer to a directory called wart/literate.

> But without the documentation around it, I'm not sure I feel the same way about it. It feels harder to reason about what where why.

I don't understand this. Are you saying my approach doesn't permit documentation? I don't see why. Check out the start of the first layer: http://akkartik.github.io/mu/html/000organization.cc.html

Do you mean that the documentation doesn't look as nice as Literate systems? I think that's a good thing: http://akkartik.name/post/literate-programming. Giving important concepts in your program a good central place is the essential need of documentation. Layers give features a single consolidated place (a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_point_(game_theory) ) where you can include documentation and be confident that someone interested in the feature will find it. Next to this attribute, I think typography is almost meaningless. I think it's far more important that documentation be accessible from within my programming environment, than that it be typeset well.

> I'm assuming bugs should be fixed without using this layering.

Yup! From the final paragraph of OP:

"Codebases have three kinds of changes: bugfixes, new features and reorganizations. In my new organization bugfixes modify a single layer.."
because of inc vs. add?
In preparation for their first lousy boss (I hope that I'm not it), I advise my less experienced reports to first think hard on what's important to them about their job before acting. Since the organization might not be working from their view of what's fair or rational, they should plan around some best and worst case scenarios of acting on that belief.

For instance, if working at that company in a particular position is the most important thing to you, then standing up to your bosses is a bad tactic. They could clip your wings or worse. Or if the pay is the most important thing to you but you can get that pay somewhere else, then you should probably leave on good terms for another job. I've seen a lot of people put themselves through unnecessary drama because they just reacted.

In my case, I find bad bosses to be intellectually and emotionally offensive. So, I will work the system to either see if they can be better or manage them out. This is a terrible way to manage your career if you care about job security.

But I plan accordingly. I had to build up my savings, create a strong internal network of people across departments with similar values, deliver business results to build credibility with more senior managers and execs, etc. And most importantly, recognize that I could lose and be ok with it. There are some real downsides, but it works for who I am.

I know folks here are beating up the author for being naive or whatever, but I respect people who put skin in the game for what they believe is right, trying to build a better environment, and helping people that they care about.
There's no dairy farms in Pennsylvania huh?
George Laurer, Who Developed the Bar Code, Is Dead at 94
Sure, and I would point my source to be the very SEC filings you linked. Head to page 62. Look at “US Federal” under “Current Taxes” — you will see “(129)”. What the “()” means is that they believe the government owes them 129 Million in tax REFUND.

If you count deferred taxes they do owe money, but that’s money that hasn’t left their pockets in that tax year. Hence 0 federal taxes for tax year 2018. That is a hard fact.

Snopes gives a further summary of how to calculate it, albeit for the tax year 2017, though equally applicable as it’s the same format as the SEC filing you linked.

https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/amazon-federal-taxes-2017/
Any browser extension that lets you highlight text on web pages, persists to a centralized server, and lets you see what other people have highlighted[0] in a way that indicates highlighting popularity[1] would enable crowd-sourced "TLDR" for the entire web.

YouTube shows transcripts - though admittedly created through speech-to-text - for videos. (Click the ellipsis next to "SAVE", then "Open Transcript".)

It may be more realistic to get a critical mass of TLDRs if the service is more general, as I've described above. But there's nothing preventing YouTube-specific functionality, or even a YouTube-specific browser extension, powered by the same backend.

[0] Anonymized, of course.

[1] As a simple example, a #fff (white) background for passages that nobody has highlighted, through a #ff0 (brightest yellow) background for the most popularly highlighted passages.
Mastodon at Twitter scale could be truly hilarious to see.
I'd guess they meant to exclude the ones that are invalid? Though I'm not sure how many of them there are.
That's the wrong type of investment for a retirement account with a 50-year horizon. An account like that is (should) be invested in a diversified portfolio of stocks and bonds, such as one composed of low-cost index funds.
It's because Google is so widely used that people are not aware of how good the alternatives are/have become.
Actually a hybrid approach is the way. Nobody wants to wait hours to download GBs of new gossip to get started. Streaming the gossip is necessary to make the technology viable.
And? It has not been obsoleted, and it's marked as STD0066.
Why would a shared past equal a shared future? I mean, you don't treat twins as though they are a single person, right?
Yes, for example, there appears to be a gap in the knowledge of many native English speakers, on this issue. "You must not" is not the negative of "You must" in English. It's an oddball exception, one that native speakers don't notice because they've been hearing "You must not" since about age two. So people accusing my former colleagues of not understanding the grammar of negatives really don't get it: they understood perfectly, they just weren't aware of a very important exception.
Not mine. For those stupid or simply indifferent enough to have one of these spying, revolting, idiotically vapid machines in their home and always on, possibly. Better to not even keep a cell phone nearby for really private moments and conversations.
It's unfortunate that this almarmist technophobic slant is considered worthy journalism.