skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
>Another point to consider: much of the Rus (Ruth) that russia claims to be descendent of is modern Ukraine and Belarus lands, and historically they were figthing most of the time with moscow armies.

Russia claims to be descendent of many things, from vikings to Byzantine Empire, from slavic tribes to mongols. Russia is a mix of many things, where Kiev and Kievan Rus is just one of the main starting points. Not to mention that Kiev became the capital only ofter Oleg captured it after leaving Novgorod. Not to mention that any fights between Moscow and whatever entity you are talking about have happened centuries later.

And even if we are talking about geography only: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27#/media/File:Prin...

here is the map of the Kievan Rus (1054-1132). Lands of the modern Ukraine and Belarus take less than a half of the territories as can be clearly seen. Even considering that this is a 'flat' map.
More than volume there id also a taste factor. Non sweetened produce have nice flavours and less nice ones, after a while something between your tongue and brain says 'no more'
Might be just me, but I was expecting the examples to be a bit more fleshed out than they actually are based on the title. A bit disappointed.
It's pretty opaque. My impression is that each shard (storage backend quorum) gets a roughly equal share of capacity you pay for, and items in the same partition tend to live on the same shard to keep range queries small (and local indices require one-shard partitions). They've made improvements in loaning cold shards' unused capacity to hot shards, but they still recommend avoiding hot partitions and keeping load roughly even.
Ask HN: About 2 weeks post launch, what is the opinion around Stadia?
I’ll leave mine:

240mb internet and 30mb upload, bought the premiere edition. Gaming background: when I was a teenager I was a heavy pc gamer, always with latest pc builds and playing stuff maxed out but moved to consoles for life related reasons.

It’s been working great for me. I’ve been playing very much hassle free. Experience in the browser is suboptimal compared to chromecast but I see this as being solvable my google (and sadly no iOS yet). I’m very much looking forward for the next few months and thinking about selling my ps4 and keep switch + stadia for long term
It might look complicated at first, but the parts seem reasonable too me. It might be simpler to understand when the building blocks are grouped and larger components only show top level (grouped) dependencies instead of the full graph.
It's not the same. The House of Representatives is intended to represent the people. The point of the upper house is to represent the States. There's no reason why there shouldn't be some weight thrown in based on some objective criteria like population.

The way it works in Germany is every Lander has 3 seats; they then add up to 3 extra seats based on the population. This over-represents the smaller states too, but not to the point where small states can block the whole country like in the US Senate.
Yeah, and look how well that turned out - all the bits eventually merged back together to form the oligopoly you have in broadband Internet access today.
This is a good writeup on why “it’s a republic not a democracy” is a meaningless argument:

http://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/2016/11/durr-its-a-repub...

It also explains just how terrifying the Electoral College, where technically Electors and not voters have all the power, really is.

> But a move by the electors to override the Electoral College and elect Clinton would be a disaster. Her presidency would be fatally hobbled from Day One. The potential for violence would be terrifying, and the presidential election system would be permanently broken—and the Republicans would declare any future Democratic winner an unqualified demagogue. The cure would be worse than the disease.
I think it’s pretty crazy California and Texas have the same number of senate votes as Rhode Island

When CA was admitted to the Union, it had a lower population than RI.

CA had the third-lowest population of all US states, yet nobody was saying CA didn't "deserve" two Senate seats because of that.

(Source: 1850 Census)
Case Study on Merck
Maybe later editions, but in the beginning it was troff (I just talked to Chris Espinosa about it the other day).
The (now deleted!) "Urbit overview" page on urbit.org [1] is probably clearer, but still doesn't really make sense to me.

[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20190114175600/https://urbit.org...
Scripts using ksh/bash are not very maintainable. If it's something simple that just works and never need to change, it's a really good RAD tool. It's good for initiating jobs or do stuff in between.

Anything complex, will require looking up some arcane syntax, which the next person or you in 2 years, won't understand what actually does. So will you notice subtle bugs or be able to upgrade or fix the code? The result will be bitrot or adding complexity.

The nice things with shell scripts is how fast you can pipe something through UNIX, and it's really really powerful. But regard it as temporary or throw-away code, unless it's just meant to sit there doing the same job, with the same subtle bugs that you won't notice if it's anything more complex.
I have cheap gigabit internet. Bandwidth already is not a problem. What matters the most for me is convenience. This is the proper way to stop pirating.
Usually it's the interrupt vector table that got scrambled. Enough to scramble your hard disk. I would always simply reboot after any erratic program behavior. This is why OS/2 was soooo much better for development.

Intel made a large mistake putting the interrupt table at 0000. It should have put the boot ROM there.
Lots of organized begging and pickpocketing in European cities by people from Romania, apart from the usual complaints that most European European countries got.
Assuming the people on display did not especially object to it (and I assume they didn’t because if they did they’d be a lousy and dangerous exhibit) does this sound so bad?

You have to remember that people in these days didn’t have national geographic documentaries — if you wanted to learn how people in other cultures lived, you’d have to do it from an exhibit like this. Meanwhile the people got to live in relative peace and safety compared to their home countries.
Actually, people did say that. Even the founding fathers disagreed on the composition of Congress. It’s been argued for/against since day 0.
Unsurprisingly, those evolved where they had fewer predators they needed to fly away from.
Ah, the pleasure of Object Pascal for systems programming.
A Simple Explanation of the Bag-of-Words Model
You could also think that with stronger insulation, temperatures will be more even across the globe and this in turn will reduce wind speeds.
People can use it outside work though, and then propose it at work.
Not GP but in Spain we have ton of Romanians, and it’s one of the most popular “blame the immigrant” targets. You can see how that becomes a political problem.

(I don’t agree with those views, I’ve been to the country a couple times and I think the culture and the people are beautiful)
How do they do that without accepting money from either local business or individuals (which would be problematic as soon as those individuals or businesses find themselves in court)?
Did you try with the speaker notes on? That gives a bit more detail.
It seems you cannot voice a political opinion here outside the mainstream without being at risk for getting downvotes. Have upvote from Sacha.
Too early, I think Framemaker came out in 1986.
What I kind of miss, was how Apple was into better languages for OS development (Object Pascal, Hypercard, MCL, Dylan, NewtonScript).

I guess that with Swift and Playgrounds, they are kind of back on track.
It's less useful than it might seem to post a random Wikipedia extract when the subject is highly controversial / politically charged.
Could someone respond instead of down voting. There is a reason the legal section is largest section on the Wikipedia article.
I'm not sure these slides alone will teach anything to anyone who doesn't already know what they're trying to say.

I also find it kind of funny talking about scene graphs and animations when model, mesh and texture data are already examples of data focused designs and they're much more fundamental.
Playgrounds are still buggy, almost 6 years later. Even Swift has had weird regressions where previously fine code throws runtime errors in a recent Xcode.
> In fact, according to linguist Sheila Blumstein, it's not really a foreign accent at all. Rather, it's a change in speech patterns that listeners interpret as an accent — though sometimes a bad one.

Well, that's much more plausible than suddenly being able to imitate a specific different accent perfectly. I wonder whether any Scots were involved in identifying her speech patterns as Scottish.
> the difference between innovation and invention

That seems an odd thing to learn about in philosophy of science! Your use of the terms is new to me, and doesn't seem at all how the words are generally used. So, I don't buy your description of what the paper "actually" does. That's nice if the meanings you were taught help you think about things, but I don't think that makes your meanings right and other meanings confused or wrong. And why bring money into it? ("available commercially").

There's a part near the end of the webpage that I think bears on what you wrote: (the rest of my comment is a quote)

It’s okay to not be innovative

There’s nothing wrong with a technology or product not being innovative. Indeed, a technology or product should primarily be measured as whether or not it solves real world problems (without causing more problems than it solves). Linus Torvalds, creator of the Linux kernel, has stated that a pet peeve of his is that “there is a great deal of talk about ‘innovation’ and ‘vision.’ People want to hear about the one big idea that changes the world, but that’s not how the world works. It’s not about visionary ideas; it’s about lots of good ideas which do not seem world-changing at the time, but which turn out to be great after lots of sweat and work have been applied.” Instead, the Linux kernel (which has been wildly successful) is the result of lots of small ideas contributed by lots of people over a long time.

The focus of this paper is innovation, not utility. Do not confuse innovation with utility.
Bad sign if you have to claim your product is not vaporware on your promo page
Wow, pretty impressive. Sounds like its playing own kind of music while its doing the calculations.
I think I did, but I'll be more precise. The first problem is that the FTC is reduced to a tautology. But the more serious problem is that the definite integral is _defined_ via the antiderivative. This is wrong, as the existence of integrable functions without antiderivative shows.

I'm all for simplifying material, and I'm not saying this needs to be a mathematically rigorous treatise, but it should get the basic maths right, because there is already too much confusion out there.

FWIW, I think the FTC is deeply important and used all the time, but the first part of it - the one about writing antiderivatives as integral - could probably be omitted for non-mathematicians.

It would probably enough to establish:
- Here's what differentiation is. Here's some rules.
- The inverse of that is antidifferentiation. You compute it by going in reverse, but note that this is harder than differentiation (which is mechanical)
- Then we have the integral via Riemann sums. Maybe you can show some simple example.
- Now comes the deep result: the integral can be expressed via the antiderivative, if it exists.

You don't have to go into full mathematical detail, but this presentation wouldn't be getting it wrong anymore.
They might not be perfect, but they exist and provide a much better developer experience than the PDP-11 one.
A much more nuanced story can be told about Germany, see eg https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/10/31/germans-still-do... .

When it comes to the Tesla factory, it will be right outside Berlin https://www.dw.com/en/tesla-factory-outside-berlin-to-cost-4... .
“semi” rigurously is what spooked me. The thing with Gödel’s proof is that it is very hard to do rigurously...
Very interesting, and the suspected actual effect (structural changes in how the words are formed that are interpreted as a bad foreign accent), seem consistent with some physical techniques to mimic others.
The linked Calculus One by Jim Fowler is no longer available on Coursera, but at https://mooculus.osu.edu/ you still have access to the lectures and the textbook.
It is wrong but this is big pharma we're talking about. I find it very hard to trust their "suggestions" and subtleties. That's how you go into these drugs, with someone telling you it is ok to take a pill when the day does not go according to plan.
It's certainly not "random" as you say - the subject is the founder of the project.

The entire project is politically charged. The software was literally modeled after monarchy and fascism.

IMO this doesn't belong on HN.
The Wikipedia article about FrameMaker says it was first released in 1986, and for the Mac in 1990, five years after the original Inside Macintosh books were published.

FrameMaker was used for the new Inside Macintosh series, starting in 1992. From my copy of Inside Macintosh: Overview, on one of the last pages:

THE APPLE PUBLISHING SYSTEM

This Apple manual was written, edited,
and composed on a desktop publishing
system using Apple Macintosh
computers and FrameMaker software.
Proof pages were created on an Apple
LaserWriter IIɴᴛⅹ printer. Final page
negatives were output directly from text
files on an AGFA ProSet 9800 imagesetter.
Line art was created using
Adobe™ Illustrator. PostScript™, the
page-description language for the
LaserWriter, was developed by Adobe
Systems Incorporated.

The same page acknowledges, by name, the members of the writing, editorial, and production team.
> With my commit, I'm telling other developers/my future self what I was thinking, rather than having them try to figure that out by themselves from my code.

Sure, that is the intention. But humans are very fallible in communication and communication is hard. Being later able to see what you did along with of what you explained is of obvious utility.
Romania is bigger
The line "The momentum of a photon (or anything else) is p = h/λ so, multiplying the above equation by h gives Δp.Δx > ~1"

Multiplying both sides by h, should this read "Δp.Δx > ~h" or am i missing something?
This is like saying expressways are better than sidewalks because they support a higher speed limit.

A fundamental argument for socialism was always to avoid being beholden to the infinite growth requirement of capitalism.
Indeed, this was my point.
Why is it crazy? Do you know the UN? Is it weird that countries like Benin or Qatar or Moldova have same vote in the UN general assembly as China or India or USA?
So efficient that Swift's RC implementation loses against all major tracing GC implementations.

https://github.com/ixy-languages/ixy-languages
You may be correct, though you have a lot fewer internet points than the person who was talking about downvoting ;)

Also, I was referring to a super upvote, not a downvote, sorry if this was unclear. I’m pretty sure this is a thing, I have it mentioned by an extremely high karma HNer.
Yes, I'm sure a lot of people feel that way.

Other people would like to be able to judge for themselves.

Of course the extract is about the founder (who incidentally is not part of the project anymore), that's exactly why it's controversial and politically charged—i.e. the exact situation when Wikipedia is least reliable.

Edit: for instance, the linked article has "Semi-Protected" status because:

> "there is a significant amount of disruption or vandalism from new or unregistered users, or to prevent sockpuppets of blocked or banned users from editing, especially when it occurs on biographies of living persons who have had a recent high level of media interest."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#se...
All this talk of how everyone is cared for feels so cozy. I can understand the desire for tight knit community. Everybody working for the greater good of all. Everybody equal, why should anyone dream of more? No one left behind under leadership of the great Sacha. Sure there is KGB and repression but nothing unnecessary.....

But the reality is that most humans are fundamentally competitive and fundamentally awful creatures. Only thing they will do given all this is find ways to beat the system to give themselves advantage over others.

Dear communism, it's not you, it's us.
Moldbug (whom I would distinguish from Yarvin as you would a comedian's stage persona) in advocating for neocameralism proposed rule by a CEO-king. This person like a conventional CEO would hold great personal power in their organization. Unlike a king the CEO would be elected by the board and responsible to the shareholders. You can read more in the posts about Patchwork.

>Emphasis his

If you mean to emphasize the ruler's gender, I don't think that is right. Moldbug is rather fond of Queen Victoria.
There were a lot of really cool technologies developed during the "interregnum" years between 1985 and 1997 at Apple. OpenDoc is one of the most interesting technologies to be developed during this time period. OpenDoc would have dramatically disrupted the desktop applications market; people would have bought component-based software instead of monolithic applications such as Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop. While it was canned when Steve Jobs returned (I suspect the main reason for this is because Apple desperately needed Microsoft's and Adobe's continued support for Mac OS back when Apple's situation looked precarious), something that I've pondered a lot recently is what would have happened had the free/open source software community had developed something like OpenDoc to build component-based applications for Linux, where the community could spend its time developing components, instead of imitating the Mac and Windows approaches of building large, monolithic applications, which unfortunately have resulted in a very long game of catchup (compare GIMP to Photoshop, or compare LibreOffice to Microsoft Office).
Yes, here it arrives always last.

https://github.com/ixy-languages/ixy-languages

Since the Xerox PARC workstations and Genera Lisp Machines, all hardware specific instructions for memory management have proven to be worse than doing it eventually in software.
I think crowdsourcing+Tech might allow for a new era of discovery. We only have about 1% of classical material remaining, but every year, hundreds of papyri are discovered -- mostly by looters. Why is ancient knowledge relevant?

I like to think about how "Ancient Intelligence" might intersect with artificial intelligence. Cute, I know, but bear with me. Ancient intelligence created human civilization. Artificial intelligence will transition us to what comes next. Perhaps the Ancient Intelligence can help retain our humanity as we transition?
Can we keep this smog-laced vaporware off of HN?
Those compiler optimizations need some work I guess.

https://github.com/ixy-languages/ixy-languages
LiR – Beautiful Full-Screen Break Reminder App for Windows Desktop
The question maybe is why google won't move away.
I've fasted for up to 5 days before, and for the past 6 weeks or so I haven't eaten breakfast or lunch during Mon-Fri - it's surprisingly easy to do.

I also very much dispute the oft-cited claim that "breakfast is the most important meal of the day" - my theory is that it came about as a marketing push for breakfast cereal companies looking to push their cheap carbs. It's become an ingrained, indisputable "truth" - hence some of the comments you got.

I remember being told as a kid that breakfast was really important, so I had "energy" and would be able to concentrate better.

I realise now that it's nonsense, at least if you eat a carb-laden breakfast. Eating carbs seems to start a cycle where you are going to feel hungry ~2h after eating (signalled by a blood sugar drop back to normal levels), regardless of how much you ate. I remember this from my school days too, not being able to focus because all I could think about was my next snack/meal!
I'm not for it nor do I think it makes a ton of sense, but there's an argument to break up ads market/serving from supply side (could further break apart youtube & search).
Can't you create file, unlink it and then fork as much as necessary? I think that OS will maintain reference counter for that inode and will delete it when all processes will close that handle (explicitly or implicitly with exit).
Can you be more specific? I have seen many such claims, and every time I try to reproduce the results, there always seems to be some catch.

We're trying to use TPUs to fine tune GPT-2 1.5B. The model takes up 5.8GB memory, which is well over half of a TPUv2 core (8GB). It always OOMs when I try to do a training step, due to the gradient calculations requiring memory. It even OOMs on a TPUv3, which has 16GB per core. I've tried using bfloat16 (which ought to cut memory usage in half) and using Ada optimizer (which should be no more expensive than plain old SGD). Yet if I colocate the gradients to the same core as the model, I always OOM. (Colocation just means "don't use any memory except the memory physically on this one core.") With colocation off, I don't OOM, and I do see some speed gains using all 8 cores. But it's no more than a factor of 2x, and in fact closer to like 1.15x (i.e. it's roughly equivalent to just using larger batch sizes on a single core). And I don't understand why I'd OOM in the TPUv3 case; even with float32, the model is only using 5.8GB out of 16GB. Are gradient computations really taking up more than 10GB for the optimizer? (That leads to https://github.com/cybertronai/gradient-checkpointing and such, but I haven't tried it yet.)

If I try the same experiment with a much smaller model (117M, or about 13x smaller), I can successfully colocate the gradients onto the same core as the model. And when I use all eight cores, I'm able to get 1225 tokens/sec (roughly 1 example per second, since 1 example = 1024 tokens for GPT-2), vs the standard case of around 400 tokens/sec when using only one core. But that's still "only" a 3x speedup.

So when I see "50-100x increases," alarm bells start going off. I'm missing something fundamental here. Either you are getting 100x speedups, or I am somehow missing something fundamental.

People have even started asking me for answers regarding the TPU case, and I'm forced to be like "Yeah! I expected TPUs to be so much faster too. Everyone says they're getting 100x speed gains. Yet we're 11x slower than the GPU case, and here's a notebook showing a 11x slowdown."

https://github.com/shawwn/gpt-2/issues/5

I'm suspecting that memory bandwidth is the bottleneck here for large models. This paper even pretty much says "GPUs are more flexible and faster when memory bandwidth is an issue": https://twitter.com/mosicr/status/1196749286815481856

The closest I've come to finding an actual example of a speedup to aim for is this: https://github.com/imcaspar/gpt2-ml

They used a TPUv3-512 pod to train a GPT-2 1.5B model to 99k steps in 50 hours. If you work out the math, that's about 1 example per second. We're getting about 0.08 examples per second on a single TPUv2 core. So yes, it's a big speedup (12.5x) but certainly not 50-100x. Yet it has 64x the cores as my TPUv2; why isn't it 64x faster? And we're only using 1 core; why not 512x faster?

I have also tried this on TPUv3-8, and we're getting about the same examples/sec, further increasing the plausibility of the theory that memory bandwidth is the bottleneck.
Global warming -> increased in wind speeds -> massive boom in windmill construction -> extracting energy out of the wind causes slower wind speeds -> Saves the planet from global warming.