skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> A prediction as to how many tree languages will be in the TIOBE top-ten eight years from now doesn't change the technical merit of your project.

Agreed. What is does say is I have a lot of confidence in the technical merits. If someone spots a flaw in the technical merits, I'm all ears (i.e. prove why 2-D or 3-D languages are inferior to 1-D languages). If someone can show me a data structure that can be more efficiently (fewer parts) represented by a 1-D language—that would be great and a great argument against 2-D languages. But that hasn't happened yet, which makes me more confident in the technical merits.

> Your project necessitates re-implementing parsers, viewers, and all the other tooling that goes into a new grammar;

It's a lot of work and investment, I know. I'm funding a lot of it myself. But the potential rewards for the world are vast. Sometimes you have to do things that are hard. But the bet is that because this is simpler, the effects will compound. And the evidence so far is pointing to that. For example, the Grammar Tree Language now gives you parsers, highlighters, type checkers, visualizers, synthesizers, go to definition(new this week--thanks ZK!) etc, for a new Tree Language, in very few lines of code relative to existing 1-D languages. If you agree with the statement "software is eating the world", and I'm correct that 2/3 dimensional languages are a better type of software, then I think this could create far north of $1 Trillion worth of value annually for the world. More importantly to me it can help revolutionize medical records and then both medical research and healthcare delivery in the process.

> You say you have had meetings, yet that's not actually buy-in.

I agree! I wish I had more buy-in but it's still very early and we are working on it. The parent comment said "with little or no apparent work done toward buy-in" (emphasis added). We are indeed working toward buy-in.

> Oh and with respect to your second possibility on the long bets link, you really think C, Java, Python, SQL, PHP, JavaScript, and C++ will all fall out of the top 10?

Yes. If not from Tree Languages, from someone else's novel non 1-D languages. This isn't some shooting from the hip either, btw. We've built the world's largest database of programming languages and notations on the planet (over 10k languages, over 1k columns), so we can forecast and simulate the future.
I don't see any unusual tricks of perspective. A better name might be "paper cafe" rather than 2D cafe as it reminds me of paper dolls and paper dollhouses.

https://www.amazon.com/Qaba-Folding-Cardboard-Coloring-Playh...
>This is the essence of my argument. Why can't the database API occupy a layer similar to the OS or compilers?

>If I don't understand the underlying implementation of compilers and OSs' why do I need to understand the underlying implementation of my database? Why is the OS abstraction different from the DB sql abstraction? Can't we write abstractions that are zero cost?

Because it's closer to your application. An OS doesn't need to know how e.g. a Customer relates to a Business in order to read a file. Some of us do need to know the ins and outs of the CPU and OS because our application requires it. Yours doesn't, but it does require knowledge of how the DB works.

>I'm not talking about your responsibilities on the job. I'm questioning the current state of tech. A web developer uses an API exposed by an OS and doesn't have to understand the OS. A web developer uses an API exposed by the compiler and doesn't have to understand Assembly. A web developer uses an API exposed by a database but he MUST understand the underlying features of a database. See the difference?

Not really, no. As a web dev you are about 100 layers away from the OS most of the time, but your application logic and architecture is very much dependent upon the information store. I spent years working in digital imaging and automation and had to know what my compiler was doing and how my OS implemented all sorts of things because my application depended on it.

>SQL is a saw that breaks in half on every use. In order to use such a saw a carpenter must have the knowledge of a blacksmith to reforge the metal and combine the two halves of the saw into a single metal blade. A leaky abstraction. That is a proper analogy for SQL.

This is what irks me. I hear stuff like this all of the time from people who solve relatively trivial problems day to day, but for whatever reason think things should be better than they are. They, of course, have no idea what that would look like, but damn it if they don't have a strong opinion on the matter.

I'm not saying that's you necessarily, but if you hadn't noticed, these things are hard. This is the best we have come up with so far. Planes still crash, cars don't drive themselves, and my laptop crashed literally 30 minutes ago.

In my experience, the people who complain most loudly about poor abstractions, those who harp on you for not following "modern design patterns", and generally complain about everything write the worst code. I eagerly await your proposal for a better data store and application protocol that solves all of the problems SQL currently does without any of the warts.
The first study:

> METHODS: A cohort of 10,051 male and 160 female airline pilots [...] was followed for cancer incidence [...].

> RESULTS: Among male pilots, there were 466 cases of cancer diagnosed vs. 456 expected.

So, a heightened risk of (466-456)/10051 = 0,001% if I read this correctly.

Or am I misunderstanding something here? I guess so, because this seems close to negligible.
Let's Wage a War on Loneliness
As the only form of advertising that HN does—I think this is a totally acceptable trade-off to being able to use it for free.
When I was a kid, we drove up I15 in southern Idaho. There was one place where we topped over this rise, and the road was straight for miles. Way down there in the distance there was an overpass across the interstate. I remember wondering how my dad could aim the car precisely enough to go under that overpass way out there. Now, as an adult, I understand. He didn't aim it that precisely. He steered along the way.

But if you don't steer along the way, and you're off half a degree, say, and you go blind 10 miles out, you miss by 10 miles times sin(1/2 degree), which is 0.09 miles, which is 460 feet. I don't know what the effective radius of an anti-ship missile is, but 460 feet seems to me to be a rather long distance.

That's assuming you just have to worry about aiming accuracy. You could also have things like wind gusts. And the ship could be not just moving, but maneuvering.
"The SEC has now awarded approximately $376 million to 61 individuals since issuing its first award in 2012."

There's no way the incentives from something like this SEC program could outweigh the economics of being high up within Rentec. [No dog in this fight about theorizing fraud vs. legit, just saying the SEC gap is multiple orders of magnitude in incentives here.]
Flying at higher altitudes in lower density air also reduces lift, though [1]. A plane does get extra benefit from flying higher as drag on the fuselage is reduced, but there is a limit — the plane has to go faster to make up for the reduction in lift due to the reduction in air density. An electric plane ends up being able to fly a little higher, but not by much. See these notebooks for details:

https://github.com/gusgordon/atmosat/blob/master/atmosat.ipy...

https://github.com/gusgordon/electric_jet/blob/master/plane....

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_(force)#Lift_coefficient
Exactly.

My initial thought is highly specific human language is actually harder to write than most code, and always more verbose. Well written philosophy comes to mind.

I'd argue that this is part of the reason ORMs gained so much prominence. They solve the problem that SQL introduces by trying to emulate natural language. Most developers will gladly risk sacrificing some specificity of the query in exchange for reducing the verbosity of a SQL query. Obviously if the dev knows their ORM/SQL well, there is no lost precision.
Hello. I'm a reporter at the Wall Street Journal and I've been looking into this second attack for two weeks now. Some users from that Reddit thread have passed along some internal emails to me, and some customers have reached out with complaints as well and I've been looking to corroborate some details. Would you be willing to chat with me via Signal?
America's Housing Ghost of Christmas Past
I believe the official line is 10 with just inspections, 100 with refurbishment. If Starship's timeline and cost structure is to be believed its not likely any F9B5s will reach 10, as it will be obsolete.
> this is not going to yield a ton of money as its likely small traders

Thanks to said tax evaders keeping a public record of their evasion (and for those who used tumblers, money laundering), the investigative costs are also lower. (We also have no evidence that these are small fry.)

> they could instead just open up the Panama papers and target people and companies hiding billions

One, the IRS doesn't control the release of the Panama papers. That's the ICIJ, the consortium that collected and vetted the papers.

Two, Americans have been charged [2]. These investigations are expensive and resource-consuming. Simply having an entity in Panama doesn't mean someone is evading American taxes.

[2] https://www.icij.org/investigations/panama-papers/first-amer...
I don't think Arch is messy. Difficult to use, certainly, but architecturally it's far more clean than Ubuntu.
Presumably there would have been a giant feast afterwards because the meat doesn't keep. Would have been fun to attend.
Ships move.... Sure you can keep it on track toward open ocean.
Just like automating away cashiers, an increasingly isolated population is something Japan's been doing that the US is just starting to catch up to. A lot of it could be chalked up to cultural differences, but something feels off when you're in one of the most densely-populated cities and striking up conversations with strangers is taken as a big faux pas. I'm still a graduate student and I've been on campuses for a while, and the increasing normalization of walking while looking down at your phone is reaching preposterous levels to where I would rather bump into someone glued to their screen before I move out of the way for their sake. I fear the day that mouth masks to further shield away interactions comes to the West.
> We already phisically change completely every few years.

That is not true at all. Please don't perpetuate these old wives' tales on HN.

A lot of your cells do die and are replaced, sperm cells for example have a life span of 3 days, white blood cells about a year, but brain cells (especially relevant to the context of this thread) are with you for life.
Ask HN: Which industry will most likely produce the first trillionaire?
As a consumer, I don’t really care how cars compare to 1999 equivalents. I care how they compare now.
The fact that it didn't respond to commands as well as Zork or A Mind Forever Voyaging didn't help the case. Infocom had a pretty solid engine for "natural language" input. Too bad they couldn't adapt it well.
Honda Took Jake Gorden's JavaScript Racer and Turned It into an Ad
Scrolling through Reddit I came across a racer game ad [0]. I immediately wondered if they took it from Jake Gorden's[1] Javscript Racer game[2]. I think it is a great idea and I've been thinking about turning the game into a two player game with a Node.js game server myself. The game is hosted on cloud front. [3]. I hope they bothered to hire Jake to build for them.

[0] https://imgur.com/eBsU8MO

[1] https://codeincomplete.com/

[2] https://codeincomplete.com/games/racer/v4-final/

[3] https://d2n94wep25xhn0.cloudfront.net/
As an interesting cultural bullet. The American Cowboy tradition is heavily influenced by the Northern-Mexican Vaqueros.
> In order for a government to enforce taxation on cryptoassets, they would need to definitively prove that a person owned coins at a specific address. This is basically only possible if coins are bought/sold through an exchange following KYC laws.

It blows me away how flippantly so many cryptocurrency enthusiasts discuss criminal money laundering.
For which services? Why aren't you talking more about this?

I'd really like to know what Google is using Kubernetes for.
Mid 2014 mbp 13 here, you can easily service ssd and battery. Stuck with soldered ram.
"Sailor" is still commonly used (even in official contexts) to describe personnel on modern naval vessels.
This is not correct. Here are the formulae:

Lift = weight = 0.5 * \rho * v^2 * S * C_L

Power = drag * speed = 0.5 * \rho * v^3 * S * C_D

where \rho is the air density. A good assumption for cruise is (C_L/C_D)_max. If you do the math, you realize that for a constant weight, the power output must be proportional to:

Power \propto \rho^{-0.5}

For example, to fly a plane at 10km above sea level you need twice as much power than sea level. This is totally independent of your propulsion system.
The web is already pretty fast if you don't put too much stuff into your webpages.
Bingo. We patted ourselves on the back for killing the worst annoyances of the web (pop-ups, terrible Flash menus that were always some different, cute thing for every site, big, slow, Applets—god, those would feel responsive and light compared to even a "lean" modern "Web App") but kept a scripting language with enough power to re-create all of that, and worse. The fix is getting rid of it. We won't. Web UX is gonna generally be trash until we get rid of or reign in (esp. remove ability to make requests without user interaction, and remove ability to listen for most events) Javascript. Which, again, won't happen. So Web UX—in practice, as seen in the wild, not what a developer may make to demo light web development or what certain niche sites may do—is doomed to be terrible.
I'm a little confused about your request. What do you mean by "real-time performance statistics for the simulated system"?

Generally speaking, cycle-accurate simulators usually require a very accurate software model (or, are done by running the RTL in simulation) so it's hard to find that level of model without manufacturer assistance, and even then you'll have to extend it to beyond the CPU. Emulators like QEMU basically slow down execution on a modern system to give you the same observable performance but obviously don't model the system accurately. What's your ultimate goal?
Honestly any "rockstar" who can do this I give one piece of advice. Your hard work, your massive productivity will NEVER be rewarded appropriately in relationship to your peers. Show up, work less than everyone else and still outproduce them. Use the rest of the free time you have to other things. "Work from home". Show up to the office and grow a new skill (further compounding the value delta between you and everyone else) or make quality of life improvements to your working environment (that thing we wanna automate but never get to).

Much of work is theater, and the only time you should put on a show, should stretch your legs is when there is an emergency in production (its down and your not making money) every other "emergency" is bluster and poor planing.
I think how well a used car was treated over the years is definitely a true thing, but if you look at the stats for luxury cars, you do see that the Mercedes, BMW, Porsche & high end VW cars break down more than the equivalent Acura or Lexus cars in the first 5-10 years of life.
I can't for the life of me understand what that battery icon with the leaf superimposed over it is trying to convey.
> A Datum now has a field for each possible type it may contain, rather than having separate interface implementations for each type. There is an additional enum field that serves as a type marker, so that when we do need to, we can inspect a type of a Datum without doing any expensive type assertions. This type uses extra memory due to having a field for each type, even though only one of them will be used at a time.

> The Go templating engine allows us to write a code template that, with a bit of work, we can trick our editor into treating as a regular Go file. We have to use the templating engine because the version of Go we are currently using does not have support for generic types.

Go’s lack of an expressive type system continues to disappoint :(
Serious question: is it the same law that requires websites to give a cookie pop up?

Because I let users know I'm not going to spam them with that shit at those that enacted that law can go to hell for every site I visit having it. It's a good thing but really annoying. There has to be a better, more interesting way.
Boring, difficult, or terrifying.

One of the groups that wash out of meditation immediately are those who it turns out are afraid of being alone with their own thoughts. These could be dark thoughts, or they could just be the sort of person who always fills the silence in a conversation (for that reason or a myriad of others).

I went on a long trip with someone who thought I wouldn't make it 3 days without the internet. Turned out they were the one who needed the fix on day 3. You can't really see what's going on in someone else's head so you don't know how they will react to having to entertain themselves without props, until they do it.
It's not just that they need oxygen. Cold air is good for thermal efficiency. Even if the heat source were nuclear (as in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Pluto engines) there would be a problem with the thermal efficiency. (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_cycle and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnot_cycle for why) Air temperature rises from about 217 Kelvin to about 270 Kelvin as you climb up the stratosphere. The temperature goes back down again as you get up to around 50 km (80 miles) but that is really high altitude.

There is an upside though. Subsonic aircraft can go faster as the temperature rises because the speed of sound increases. It goes from about 295 m/s to 329 m/s. The extra 11% is nice.

Graph of the air by altitude:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Comparis...
I'd imagine if any video of that guy who didn't kill himself's alleged clients leaked somehow, anyone powerful who might be identified in a video would claim it was a deepfake.
but if they don't get interrupted, what's the cost of it vs the cost of them actually being interrupted? Did someone else spend a day trying to solve a problem they could have solved in minutes by interrupting the lone genius?
The link seems to be broken. but the website points to a github repo wich in turn has another netlify-link, this one working.

https://kind-babbage-78b799.netlify.com/

it seems to be a frontend for a google sheet.
RAM is soldered. SSD uses a proprietary connector - fortunately a low cost adapter is now available. Battery is glued to the chassis but there are removal kits available from iFixit which includes adhesive remover and new adhesive.

I've replaced my SSD with a new one using the adapter and it's working perfectly. It's about 2x as fast as the original drive.

It's not the best MacBook Pro by any stretch of the imaginative. I've also used a 2016 MBP and 2018 MBP both with Touch Bar and both are far superior.

Those were work devices and the 2015 is my personal device which I purchased due to cost. I've been very happy - it's running Catalina Beta perfectly and I've also run Window 10 using Bootcamp and recently have removed that and switched to Parallels running both W7 and W10.
Useless use of `wc` :)

<file grep -c meh
The usual computation model includes "log n sized words", so it really is O (1). You usually are implicitly using that model, otherwise any algorithm that used pointers would have an extra log n tacked on, e.g. linked lists append would be log n not constant.
Ah yes. A problem they solved 50 years ago
Good grief. What kind of bread are you buying? I can find terrible bread in Europe too. There is a lot of great bread in the US. People, in these discussions like to take the very worst example of dollar-store bread and compare it to a dedicated boulangerie in Paris, however French supermarket sandwich bread can be just as terrible as the American equivalent. But go to an American bakery and the bread is really good.

It’s popular to characterize American stuff as “bad,” but America is a huge country.

Tortillas in France are pretty terrible and good luck finding a Jalapeño or a Habenero, but in any grocery store in the US, I can find high quality ingredients to make almost anything. Try finding a spice in the average French grocery store any stronger than “hot” Paprika.

These “other countries are better than the US” arguments are ridiculous. In the US, you have access to pretty much anything you want. Mostly not true in many European countries and definitely not true outside the capitals.
When Craig Silverstein left Google somebody asked him "What was the biggest mistake you made while at Google?" His response was "Not using ECC memory."

The problem is that both the consequences and debugging time of a single random bitflip are potentially unbounded. That time that GMail lost 10% of their accounts and had to restore from tape was because of a single bitflip (due to a software bug, not a cosmic ray). Google Search lost months of engineering time in the early days from cosmic rays, back when they really could've used those engineers on other stuff.

The odds may be low, but they do happen when you have multiple computers, and the consequences are high. Not really odds I'd want to take, when ECC RAM isn't that much more expensive than non-ECC RAM.
Sorry, isn't there quite a bit of a difference between O(1) and O(log N) space?

My first inclination would be to have a counter at zero, read in a line, write out the counter then write out the line, then increment the counter.

The space complexity here is O(1), is it not?
It's called Lux Auto Brightness (I've no relation whatsoever with the developer). I prefer it to other options because with it the brightness is always very comfortable to me. Just checked the battery usage by apps, and it doesn't even appear in the list.
>To get one of the AI researchers killed, a deepfake video is created of that researcher saying something along the lines of "over the years at X corp I've seen the worst of humanity, too much evil, it's time to end it all" accompanied by him strapping on a bomb vest. The video is released and everyone freaks out. He doesn't notice, goes to work, gets surrounded by cops while holding a small black device (his phone), and the police shoot and kill him thinking it's a detonator.

To be fair, I can imagine this happening in the US without a deepfake video. Just look at all the instances where the cops are called because of a "suspicious person" and end up shooting an unarmed civilian. Random example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey
or, just use Monero.
One of the regular complaints I've pushed against AMP is that it's a hamfisted way to address page speed. Search placement should be determined by generic speed tests, not by forcing developers to use Google's technology.

This looks to me like a positive effort. I'm not thrilled with overlays like this, and I'm not thrilled with baking this kind of stuff into the browser. It feels over-engineered and weird.

But, I think it's a better direction than AMP.

There are a lot of ways this could go bad, but very cautious thumbs up from me.
The nice thing about virtual memory is you can make really big RAM disks…