skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
One other thing you might want to measure is how quickly you can do a write to disk. On some 2.5" WD Black drive I was benchmarking years back, I got a ~2 ms minimum time between uncached writes. Keep in mind it's 8.333 ms per rotation on a 7200 RPM drive. The simplest methodology is to perform a write at sector zero, wait until it's acked, then perform one at sector N, and see how low you can set N. It was a bit less than a quarter the way around the track.

So if you wanted to optimize your file system for some sequential fsync workload (which iirc affected Firefox performance at some point), well, you might want strategically placed regions around disk for updating your write-ahead log.

That drive burnt 230 μs just doing a cached write, which only took 30 μs (or 60?) on an Intel SSD, so there was a lot of fluff going on.
His rhetoric and promises during campaigns
Effective regulation is possible, sure. Is effective regulation likely? And is it made more or less likely by transparency?

Heck, as I think about this further--wouldn't transparent models help realize those reasonable profits? If everybody's cards are on the table, doesn't that encourage the market to move towards perfect competition?
Copenhagen: The City That Cycles with the Young, the Old, the Busy and the Dead
Rhetorical questions don't require an answer.

Questions like, "How can we have an audit trail for this solution, in case we have to diagnose problems?" demand an answer.

"This is a stupid idea and let me tell you why." invites a rebuttal, not a compromise or a re-think.
Come on; what was the physical constant?
> credit scores for women skew lower than for men.

Which is crazy, because for most of my guy friends (myself included), saying that their significant others/women make significantly better financial decisions is putting it far too lightly. I basically wasn't making decisions at all (besides savings) until my s/o set me right.

This discrimination is tragic and disgusting.
If those people are in a state where cannabis is illegal then they have every incentive to deny having consumed it
As a mathematician, I admire the mindset of someone who uses a list of falsehoods to test his or her beliefs.
It would help if we quit using that and had one field for the full name and then another one for "how do you want to be addressed".
Yes. Just based on numbers :)
In theory it corrects the problem too, as Apple would lose customers. In practice, Apple has customers no matter how badly they screw up.
So, if that's the concern, Europeans are free to pass regulation that requires credit companies to extend the same credit line to husband and wife. Naturally, that will potentially have unforeseen consequences with regard to modeling risk, buyer beware.

Seems like my initial comment was on point then.
Yes, but sometimes also: https://vimeo.com/226508728
Quotes don't matter when it doesn't help the argument I'm making on the internet.* Meanwhile projections are used extensively in major engineering projects. The fact error rates exist in probabilities doesn't make them useless.
> I'm also not sure where you got the idea that alpha emitters are the worst kind of radioactive substance; alpha radiation is easily shielded.

Ahah! I considered making an appendix especially for this one because I expected some people to make this mistake, so here we are. Notice that if you're French, the mistake isn't yours but it's the official physics course for French high-schoolers which is to blame.

First of all, alpha rays are helium nucleus, they are really heavy compared to electrons (beta rays) and thus, much more energetic (energy of an order of magnitude of a few MeV vs hundreds of keV), and gamma rays in the case of radioactivity are even lower (40 keV in case of iodine for instance).

If you stand in front of a radioactive source, the radiations comes from in front of you, you can really easily shield against alpha rays (because they are big!), but you can't really shield against gamma rays (because they are just photons), then gamma rays are the most dangerous in that specific context.

But most people aren't physicists or nuclear workers, and you don't usually end up being irradiated by a radio source (the incident you talked about earlier is a good counter example though). The major risk faced by a population is not direct irradiation, it's contamination: that means, you eat food or drink water which contains some radioactive element. And now you get the radioactive source right in your body (let say the thyroid, if we're talking about radioactive iodine). Here, there is no possible shielding, so the total energy is what matters. And regarding the different kinds of rays and their ability to pass through matter, gamma rays have some chance to exit your body without ionizing a single cell, beta have less chance, and alpha have zero chance to go out.

So yes, in terms of radio protection of populations, you fear alpha rays way more than others. And if you operated a plant you are actually allowed to release a little (and subject to regulations of course) amount of beta-emitters (tritium is released in low quantities quite often for instance) but you aren't allowed to release any single atom of alpha emitters.

Also, the list you quote contains fission products (from krypton to C14) as well as activation products. Under normal conditions (I mean, no critical accident like TMI, Chernobyl or Fukushima), most fission products stays in the fuel rod, and then they won't remain in the decommissioned plant.

Zn65 and Fe59 decay quickly, Tritium will be slowly released in the water nearby (yes, that's the normal procedure and it's happening during all the plant's life) and then you have Co60.
In many ways Germany's renewable infrastructure was first of its kind, because Germany paid for the entire industry to get kickstarted.

Just like semiconductors needed ridiculously overpaid government contracts to get started at the beginning of Silicon Valley, solar needed a massive government funded effort to kick start the beginnings of the industry.

And unlike nuclear, which never got cheaper as we built more, solar is plummeting in price on a consistent schedule.

And whether or not it is a first of kind, the estimated for the FOAK build were wildly off and inaccurate, whereas with solar, Germany knew exactly the amount of financial risk they were taking by buying high.
You can't really fake some of the inputs. Income, number of loans, stuff like that.

You can manipulate them of course, by taking out a cheap loan that you don't necessarily need and things like that. Plenty of people use a credit card for a few expenses (say fuel) just to establish a history.
it doesn't tell us in about us who the people behind it are.
bash, grep, awk, are all gnu tools
I agree completely. I work for a small ISP and we sometimes do the same thing for significant bad actors abusing our network. A phone call to the NOC of the ISP hosting the abuser or the NOC of their upstream transit providers usually gets the ball rolling pretty quickly.

That approach is obviously not very effective in a DDoS scenario, but as I understand it these robocalls typically originate from a handful of different VoIP termination services -- as opposed to tens of thousands of hosts in a DDoS scenario.
Idiomatic dynamicly typed code looks rather different from idiomatic statically typed code.

Dynamic is like only using untagged unions and primitives.
Studies haven't shown vaping to be more effective than other techniques
They back-port "high-impact" bugs such as security issues (your example), severe regressions and bugs causing loss of user data. They do not back-port other bug fixes or new features. The result is that you often find the version included in your Ubuntu release is stale. See https://wiki.ubuntu.com/StableReleaseUpdates#When
Good startup idea then to build an escrow service for this? I.e. buy discount cards for 80% of face value, sell them for 90% of face value, and then act as the trusted middle man to verify that the card is good and that payment was made.

Not sure if any KYC/AML or other banking regulations would make this less economically viable.
Not always. They will spoof legitimate numbers that they don't own. If you call them back you'll usually get some very confused person who just got a bunch of calls accusing them of making spam calls.
There are two arguments here: A. "is the credit limit algorithm sexist" and B. "we should be able to know how an algorithm decides things and/or we should be able to see the algorithm".

You can't determine A, simple as that. The only way would be if Apple/GS comes out and says something like "he capped out the household credit limit", which Apple/GS would probably only tell him anyways.

B is a different issue, one with lots of room to actually converse over. But it's one which the author seems to pivot to after some reasonable arguments are presented as to why her credit limit was literally $57, making his argument for A very weak.
On the other hand, the inability to be blunt is a serious deficiency and indicates you're sacrificing honesty somewhere.
So .. it is possible to google the names of double agents now?
I mean, you can google the designer of the lotus esprit, but secret missions are still secret missions, so you can still try to be a con artist.
Cloud agnostic Cloudscript
Part of the confusion comes from the fact that there are several different points do be discussed, and they're easy to mix up. For instance: software trust in general, web server security vs repository security, reproducibility, etc.

In this case, even "curl is dangerous" has at least two variations. The first is not knowing what the server is sending, the second is that the server can change what it is sending. My complaint is with the latter.

For example, a file in a repository somewhere or uploaded to a compromised web server is static. Everyone who downloads the file gets the same thing.

A file served by `curl | bash`, however, isn't. The server could send different files at different times of day, or only send malicious payloads to certain IPs (like known TOR exit nodes), or certain geographic locations, etc. which is something no repository I know of is even capable of.

Archives, packages, and installers downloaded from a server (instead of a repository or FTP server or S3 bucket where the attacker controls the file but not the server) share this weakness, so that alone doesn't make curl uniquely dangerous.

Where `curl | bash` differs from installers, however, is that it's interactive, so the server can alter its behavior on the fly. This is dangerous because, with installers, the attacker must commit to sending either a clean or infected payload before the installer can tell them if it's being run or not. In this way, even archives serve as a kind of a poor zero-knowledge proof of what the software is, since the attacker needs to commit to a version before knowing what the user intends to do. There's normally also a file left on disk as well.

With `curl | bash`, however, the server has the unique opportunity to get a callback from the installer before it has finished sending it, which means the server doesn't have to commit to sending malicious code blindly and hoping it's not being saved by someone who intends to audit it. Also, `curl | bash`, by default, leaves no trace, further frustrating auditing/reverse-engineering attempts. (Adding insult to injury, there's no way to check the malicious payload before running it, since running it is what causes it to appear. Even if run inside a VM, this can also be abused by an attacker to try to cover their tracks in real time)

In this way, `curl | bash` allows for obfuscation/anti-debugging techniques that no other method I know of offers. Hence, my opinion that `curl | bash` is "uniquely" dangerous.

Edit: Thinking about this more, this generalizes to any installer that interacts with the network, since all the attacker needs is a way to detect execution and some way to avoid leaving artifacts. In this way, curl is indeed not quite "uniquely" dangerous, since it's tied with other network-based installers. However, since the other popular installation methods don't have the ability to obfuscate their initial payload like this, I think the point still stands. (Obviously feel free to correct me if I overlooked something)
It's also now illegal for insurers to do this in the EU since the ECJ reasoned that discriminating on gender, even if as a result of such a correlation, was prohibited.

Anecdotally I've been told that (British car) insurers don't care very much about your real actuarial risk, they're focused more on whether you'll actually pay their premiums. Specifically I was told that work to integrate with credit checking services was a priority whereas an integration with the UK Government's service which gives them access to driving offences and other records related to a driving license was back-burnered.

The reason I was given was that in practice they'd found if you require drivers to give their license details, it causes a big drop in purchases, if you make the license details _optional_ lots of people fill them in, and you can just give all those people a better price even though you don't use the details to actually check anything automatically.
Reminds me of the time I was found out for changing my colleague’s desktop wallpaper to My Little Pony, which is standard punishment for leaving your machine unlocked.

Disk not ejected properly

Eject "STEVE" before disconnecting or turning it off.
(1) Heme-iron is really the only good way to get iron and it's only in meat
(2) You're not really going to get carnitine from vegetables
(3) You're going to have a really hard time eating enough calories and having balanced ratios of macro-nutrients. Beans and rice which have protein also have tons of carbs and no fat. Good luck with that.

I've seen literally dozens and dozens of videos and posts of really really malnourished people advocating veganism.
It's pretty much too hard to execute for the average person.
Who do you think you are, saying I did stuff?
The problem is that the ease of discovering private information based on one "loose lips" friend is magnified by about several orders of magnitude by social media.
Perhaps because this exact approach of a candid private question can be abused to support litigation or corporate espionage.
>We have no idea if vaping is safe. We still have no idea if vaping is safe, except we explicitly know it is unsafe (to the point of acutely poisoning you) if it involves this chemical.

Sure. In other news: don't vape bleach. It's bad for you.

I mean really. No nicotine vaping liquid has vitamin E in it as there's no reason to put it in there.
Google enlists outside help to clean up Android’s malware mess
>For example, a person who thinks their math teacher is mean when the teacher corrects them will probably never become great at math

Not a math teacher, but I had a boss once when i was younger who constantly would tell me I only did a 99% job. I worked too fast and didn't finish the last little things. It pissed me off every time. He wasn't really that nice about it. He was a pretty blunt and straightforward kinda guy.

He was right though and it took a while but I eventually noticed that I did exactly what he said I was doing and it did impact things I did. Since I realized that, I hear is voice now telling me this before I think I've finished everything I'm doing and inevitably I find something I missed or didn't finish properly. In the end his blunt delivery of information and reasonable criticism did sink in and I feel like my attention to detail has improved because of it on anything I work on now.
Historical Rankings of Presidents of the United States
Why are we still using the legacy phone system when there is VOIP all over the place?

None of the apps and networks have this issue. All mobile phones connect to VOIP. We should have been upgrading from the phone like we did with faxes.
Germany basically started the shift to renewable energy. As a result, theirs is probably amongst the most expensive solar/wind build outs ever.

Solar and wind energy costs have dropped exponentially since a decade ago, to the point where even if the author is correct about the German costs being 3 times more expensive than the French costs, wind and solar will be cheaper than nuclear today, since their costs have reduced dramatically in the last decade. Utility scale solar, for example, is about 90% cheaper today than it was in 2009 when Germany started building out the bulk of its solar energy infrastructure.

In other words, with no other differences, simply the drop in prices of wind and solar means that wind/solar built out today would be about 2-3 times cheaper than France’s nuclear buildout.

Of course, other things have indeed changed since France started building out its nuclear infrastructure. Primarily, nuclear’s negative learning curve has kicked in to the point that even after adjusting for inflation, nuclear today is far more expensive than nuclear when France built out the bulk of its nuclear energy.

Finally, Germany is not even close to the best candidates for solar and wind energy, whereas France is one of the best candidates for nuclear (by definition, it’s one of 10 or so possible candidates, and any new state is likely to be worse at nuclear than France was).
> it's about Apple holding a dominate position

Again, my core arguments is they are not in that position. Android marketshare is 3.3x of Apple's, if you want to reach out to more customer, you'd be releasing on android not ios, right?
> A nuclear plant if ever finished as half are abandoned

It seems the very best argument anti-nuclear people have is that their own interference via politics will ruin the cost-effective nature of the operation...
Enter motorola’s six sigma trash.
To be clear, this is cost to build and maintain. But with nuclear there's also the cost of shut down and storage. To say nothing of a nuclear accident somewhere along the line.
> Patent issues?

As far as I am aware HEVC issues is still not fully resolved. And likely unfit for Web usage.
At the very least all US internet companies should follow Facebook’s lead and deplatform their employees.
I find it incredibly annoying that every single answer seems to just accept that this is how things are and can't be changed.

And that it's fine because everyone knows it's buggy.

That's great, but it would be cool if one day I didn't have to explain all this to some random airline staff 50 times during my travel.
Cs137 is a real problem, it's radioactive enough and at the same time it has a long half-life for this kind of product. And as you say, it's metabolized so it can spread through the food chain…

Fortunately, it's a fission product so it's only released when you melt your reactor or when your reactor is in fact a bomb… (Mandatory reference to the Silly Asses short story from Isaac Asimov: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silly_Asses).
This is a common misconception. There is no such thing as a credit score. Theres FICO2008. FICO2015. FICO for car loans. FICO for revolving credit. Vantagescore. And so on and so forth. And then each of these can be based on data in any of the three different Angencies, which may be significantly different. So have if two different credit scores that are off by 100 points isn’t even remotely unusual. Many times even the scale itself is different (max of 850 vs 950 on another model).
First ever signing of a Bitcoin message over the cellular infrastructure
The US term you are looking for is “infraction”, which applies to traffic tickets and the like.

Felony is overused at the moment, IMHO. Lawmakers that want to appear tough on crime make felonies out of non-violent crimes.
On the other hand, what if the scammer just keeps scamming? 99% of the population won't be able to do the investigative work Christian did and will just lose their money for good. I wouldn't be able to accept letting a definitely not innocent scammer off free to go scam other innocent people who can't fight back. That is not justice.
The best read for something like this is The Practice of Programming which is a great little book to have in general. This link to a sample chapter covers the entire analysis and creation of a markov chain program, none of which require many lines of code.

https://ptgmedia.pearsoncmg.com/images/9780201615869/samplep...

One thing I've noticed from playing with these types of programs is the number of words to use as a hash. Two to start with of course, will quickly reproduce the sample text once you get to only five or six prefix words. Where as two prefix words usually generate nonsense, the sweet spot to a believable quality is only three or four words as a prefix with five or more reproducing the original text. The larger the varied sample text, the much better the results. Furthermore, only breaking words on whitespace creates even better quality output than assuming you need to tinker with the punctuation.
Exactly. Creating a proactive system might be difficult, but the apparatus is all there for being reactive.

Yet this has been going on for years, so I suspect shenanigans by providers too happy to continue charging their Tier7 peers for access.
I use Android's built-in spam blocking and have received 7 spam calls since Nov 1. It only blocked 1 of these.
> An aside: I wish some relation database adopted sum types: I didn't thought about the implications, but doing 'create table foo ( bar Maybe integer );' and then 'select Some bar ...' would be cool (and maybe a cleaner way to work with NULL.)

That's not an aside, that's my whole argument--RDBMSes should support sum types for all of the same reasons that we should use RDBMSes in the first place: developers describe a data model and work against that while the database storage and retreival. Postgres enums and NULL are just special cases of sum types.
I thought it meant Instagram was going to hide those blood-sucking lurkers in dark spaces that are alike.
> “If the risk bops around a lot, and having a marathon shifts it from “quiet Sunday morning” to “run of the mill Tuesday” then no one needs to do anything.”

I think you are assuming some kind of implied cost-benefit here that I don’t see, or at least why would it be delimited in units of effect size of other times of a week.

Even if the effect is as small as shifting quiet Sunday to run-of-the-mill Tuesday, it still seems obviously worth it to remove that. I’d say the same about parades and other things like this.

The debate would have no real connection to the effect size in units of other days’ traffic mortality spikes, ever.

The debate would be how do we value subjective recreation things like parades or marathons, to justify any effect size of mortality, and then how does that relate to the actual effect size.

Marathon vs. rush hour makes no difference to anyone. Why is rush hour the unit to care about? Marathon vs. no marathon assuming non-zero effect size of any kind is the discussion.
This reminds me of that text with checkboxes, which starts something like this:

You are attempting to address the spam problem with the use of [ ] law [ ] technology [ ] and so on

The reason your solution won't work is because [ ] chicken and egg problem [ ] too complicated [ ] and so on

Anyone know what I'm talking about?
Any typed language can do this, not just Rust ;)
Can you explain what parts of that article illustrate your counterargument? I don’t see anything in it that demonstrates overvaluing correctness from testing, and the domain modeling (eg Register) in the post seems juvenile and very unnecessary, certainly not creating any sort of expressiveness or correctness benefit, merely just some organizational preference of the writer of the code, which might even be counter-productive in the minds of people tasked to refactor it later.
why not put it in a different case