skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I can't edit my original comment anymore, so I'll just write a clarification in the reply.

Many people have pointed out that C++17 has std::optional. While that's true, I don't think it'll deprecate raw pointers. I'll try to explain why.

Here's an example you can paste, compile and run:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

struct foo
{
int thingamajig;
};

void borrow_optional_foo(foo * borrowed)
{
if (borrowed != nullptr)
{
borrowed->thingamajig = 42;
}
}

int main()
{
std::unique_ptr<foo> owned = std::make_unique<foo>();
owned->thingamajig = 17;
std::cout << owned->thingamajig << std::endl;
borrow_optional_foo(owned.get());
std::cout << owned->thingamajig << std::endl;
return 0;
}

If you run it, it should print:

17
42

What would it look like if we wanted to use std::optional and get the same behavior?

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>

struct foo
{
int thingamajig;
};

void borrow_optional_foo(std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<foo>> borrowed)
{
if (borrowed)
{
borrowed->get().thingamajig = 42;
}
}

int main()
{
std::unique_ptr<foo> owned = std::make_unique<foo>();
owned->thingamajig = 17;
std::cout << owned->thingamajig << std::endl;
borrow_optional_foo(std::make_optional(std::ref(*(owned.get()))));
std::cout << owned->thingamajig << std::endl;
return 0;
}

As you can see, there's a tradeoff involved. On the one hand, you get crystal clear, descriptive type: std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<foo>> is clearly an optional reference to foo.

On the other hand, using it is absolutely atrocious: you have to write borrowed->get().thingamajig as opposed to borrowed->thingamajig, and std::make_optional(std::ref(*(owned.get()))) as opposed to owned.get()

Does it work? Absolutely. Is it crystal clear? Indisputably so. Will it deprecate raw pointers? I really, really doubt it, but that's just my opinion.
The BBC plays it pretty straight, I've heard.
"or maximizing"

The critical points of the action are either local minima or saddle points, never maxima.
> SwiftUI should have carried the “Beta” label in my opinion.

Many parts of the SwiftUI documentation are still marked [Beta] for all OSes. Or maybe it's just saying that the documentation is beta, though it's more like Alpha..

EDIT: Apparently it says Beta only in the offline docs on Xcode 11.1 (not sure about 11.2)
If the kids knew that kicking may bringing the house down then the kids are at least partially responsible for it.
There's a whole book on this: Tribe, by Sebastian Junger.
Why would investors not want to invest in a country that flush with liquid cash? I don't see how this is an argument that investors wouldn't see China as desirable.
I'm not saying that a return to a gold standard couldn't work - just that I think it would be extremely unlikely to work. And I'd greatly prefer "move to gold standard" over "society collapses", too. It's just I don't think I get to choose.
Are Influencers Worth It?
Going to weekly therapy is the only way I really track anything. I've been struggling a lot since my ex and I broke up last year. Earlier this year, I started thinking about how my dad treated me growing up and how it was (is) a type of emotional abuse. He's probably narcissistic. I'm sure it's a big factor in why I dated someone like my ex and why I've put up with so much shit in my relationships, friends, work.

And now at work, I'm being treated poorly by a particular person and he's generally offensive to everyone. He's kind of like my dad in a lot of ways and it's "triggering" me. Managers and HR don't seem to care much. I'm also concerned about retaliation because this guy came here with a handful of other people, a couple of which are extremely high level that can hold me back and give problem guy preferential treatment.

I'm one of few female engineers here and I feel like people with power are looking at me as whiny, it doesn't feel good. I already have too many short stints on my resume so I feel like I can't leave and I suck at tech interviews too...partly because "showing my thought process" is terrifying when I've grown up with all my thoughts and feelings being used as a weapon against me.

I have almost no friends in the city I moved to, I miss my mom and my brother a lot. I could try harder to make some new friends here but work is exhausting and I just don't feel good and I'd rather stay home and cuddle my dog. She is pretty much the only thing that gives me energy. :/
> Apart from the schools, the roads, the post office, the hospitals?

Would you say any of these are, say, Apple quality? Perhaps Google or Amazon efficiency in terms of price?

Venezuela must've had bad luck. Which other communist country would you recommend modeling after?
>The fact that that's what these sites bill themselves as (a place to connect everyone).

Companies never lie or have false advertising.
The UK entered at what was the floating exchange rate at the time, although it had unofficially shadowed the DM for several years during the 80s.

Ultimately the problem was that the correct price for the GBP/DM rate in 1989 wasn't the same as the correct price in 1992 - the divergence was largely because rates of inflation differed markedly between the UK and Germany and didn't converge.

Also on your point re what the Germans could have done - they would have needed to cut rates to alleviate pressure. Instead they raised rates to head off inflation in Germany (this was in the context of German reunification which had led to a dramatic increase in government spending in Germany which has inflationary effects).
Related question; under what circumstances does it make sense to ignore NPV when calculating value.

Net Present Value generally recommends against what most people would call good stewardship of a finite resource. It seems likely that the mental model behind NPV doesn't work out over long timeframes.
With Kessler syndrome looming it may be the wrong kind of excitement
vetoed!

https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/AB-1516-Ve...
Why no one ? You don't believe, out of all human in the world, that there is someone that gain satisfaction out of destroying healthy financial entities ?
Hell I would too! So long as I could go to sleep at night knowing my money didnt help finance violence and corruption.

Thats why I really hope we legalize recreational drugs. Tackling supply and the demand just doesnt work, people want them.
Is it not bizarre that you're blocked on a syntax formatter to make a release? If that's what's happening, it sounds like prettier should be core and non-optional, the same way gofmt is.
smells like != necessarily

If someone made an off topic comment about China or Obama or whatever, I'd suspect their motivations on those too.

It doesn't mean that every criticism of Obama or China is necessarily racist, but boy is it hard to read goodwill in comments where that sort of thing is irrelevant.
The gist of it is that if Germany were still on the Mark, then the Mark would be significantly stronger than the Euro is today. Having weaker economies on the same currency causes Germany's currency to be artificially weak, which makes its exports artificially cheap on the world market. In contrast, the poorer Eurozone countries have an artificially strong currency, which makes their exports more expensive than they would be if they had their own free floating currency.

There are some transfer mechanisms from rich to poor Eurozone countries, but they're nothing anywhere close to the scale of e.g. the US federal government.
People don't use their phones to write documents or do professional image/video editing or any professional workload, really. And I think market share is as good a metric as any when it comes to defining "success". Profitability is due to many reasons and it's not always due creating the best product.
It's because of Body's type:

public struct EmptyView: View {
@inlinable public init()
public typealias Body = Never
}

Because Body is Never, you can't access EmptyView's body property.
>Every society needs mores and norms to govern behavior

What we are experiencing today are those new norms
Ah - you mentioned "chain of production" so I assumed you were only referring to the production of the drug, not its trafficking.

When you include trafficking you're right - but I did mention examples in my post that don't involve any exploitation, such as pharmaceutical diversion and people who grow and supply their own drugs.
Is your fine-tuned model available somewhere?
> which model is the best for stewardship of a resource?

What do "stewardship" and "resource" mean? Who agree on one of those definitions? Who form a natural conflicts with them?

Considering stewardship of natural ecosystems. Does that mean holding it in stasis? Keeping out human effects? How do you know if a snail went extinct because of natural or human factors? Which model influences that decision?

The chief advantage--and defining feature--of economic ownership models is they convert almost every question into currency. That seems base at first. But it enables competing sets of goals to be discussed within a common language.

If we won't assign natural resources a dollar value, and a set of owners incentivized to defending that value, or protect them absolutely under the law, those resources will be lost. (If there is a silver lining to California's NIMBYs, it is this. That energy results from an ownership system and defense mechanism. Tweak the variables and that energy could fight for our wetlands.)
Self-Assembled Chromophore/Catalyst Bilayer in Photoelectrosynthesis Cell
> you don't have to use snap

I have to disagree. My experience trying to disable or remove snap led me to believe they designed it to be hard.
Hi HN,

Getting started in open source software development can be intimidating to newcomers - but a lot of great projects highlight "good first issues". I wanted to make something that allows you to see all these issues in one place (for Python). I'm thinking of extending this for other languages depending on whether this is of any use to anyone...

I implemented it by creating an AWS Lambda function that pulls the latest tagged issues from GitHub for a number of repositories, then saves these as JSON files on S3. The website itself is coded in React.

- Bob
I think the extended blackouts in the Bay Area make a compelling case for cities to create micro-grids with Solar/batteries so they're not at the complete mercy of PG&E. Also, California needs to start implementing controlled burns more often to compensate for the poor forest management from the last 100 years.
It sure is. In The Reddit thread on wallstreetbets someone already submitted an official complaint because you get a commission!
This sort of bullshit is exactly why people despise post-modernism. Because most speech doesn't accomplish anything, it's ok if people aren't allowed to speak at all?
The point is that the money lost by UK government was lost because they stupidly gambled away that money by betting against reality - they asserted that the rate of pound "should" be at an unrealistic, unsustainable position, and they bet a lot of money on that. It turned out that they were wrong - making these large bets did prolong that fiction for a while longer, but it was unsustainable.

Thus everyone in the market who was right about the "proper" position of GBP (Soros was just one of them, the largest but not the majority) won a bunch of money, and everyone who was wrong but still chose to bet more and more billions instead of accepting the reality - namely, UK government - lost billions. They could have chosen not to attempt to artificially prop up the exchange rate with these major transactions, and float the currency earlier, when it had to be floated. Heck, floating the currency a single day earlier wouldn't have any meaningful drawbacks but would have avoided much of the losses.

It's not that the money was taken from the government, but rather the government wasted a huge amount of taxpayer's money betting on the false assumption (wishful thinking for domestic political reasons) that the pound doesn't have to be floated. Such bluffs are punished by the market, with the people calling the bluff getting the money (and people falsely calling a bluff losing their money if they turn out to be wrong).
What happened when the phone line monopolies were terminated? What happened to the quality and price of calls?
This neglects to mention the follow-up work Google did on Flu Trends, where they corrected for media and "online" interest and made it work again.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26234783
> both Democrats from California

Minority parties don't pass partisan bills.
Importing goods from countries that have no environmental regulations, literal slave labor, little-to-no tariffs is what drove the local stores out of business.

You can't have such a lopsided system and expect it to survive.

If we're talking about food stores and food producers, same thing. The large corporations receive the subsidies from the government to produce the crops, and the large retailers control the market for those crops.
> how can they fuck things up worse than PG&E has

All three of these are possibilities:

- more fires

- more days without power

- more expensive
As someone who just started using Stripe with no prior experience with their api, the current state is very confusing.
The Demon in the Machine by Paul Davies (would recommend)
Newton vs. machine:solving chaotic three-body problem using deep neural networks
Well, it'd only be a one-time charge.
I really like the optional chaining operator for statically typed languages. Especially in TypeScript where you have the nullabilaty information baked into the type system.

However, in JS itself, it might cause developers to lose track of what can be null/undefined in their code. In case they start to "fix" stuff by throwing in some "?." because they don't know better, the code maintainability will degrade a lot.

Maybe I'm just pessimistic. Let's see how it will perform in the field!
I have a mutual whole life policy myself and it is amazing how my interests as a policy holder and my interests as an investor in the company are aligned so well. There really isn't any conflict of interest that I can think of and it's a great win/win structure.

That being said, having lived in countries with state run utility companies I don't trust the government to provide the best customer experience to put it mildly.
Imagine a programming language that gives you three different ways to add 2 numbers:

1 + 2;

std::add(1, 2);

std::int(1).add(std::int(2));

That's is not orthogonal at all, since we have 3 different ways to do the same thing for no discernible reason.

An orthogonal interface is one where there are fewer reasonable ways to do something, and each function/operation has it's role clearly defined, it doesn't try to do things unrelated to its main role, and the interface doesn't mix different layers of abstraction (like intertwining OOP and arithmetic in my 3rd example, when there already are native arithmetic operations).
Occasionally, everyone wins.
The price difference is not wage difference, India does not enforce patents in many cases, also things are sold cheaper in countries without US health monopoly pricing.
No, the creation of antidotes is feasible for government labs but there's no purely defensive countermeasure against nuclear weapons.
It's still optimised native code - it's not like they're running in an interpreter.

The real issue is the GC is not as efficient.
I also see great potential in it for game UIs. Scalable UI with crisp text and vector shapes has generally been a pain [for me] in gamedev with other frameworks.

Best of all I generally have to write most game UI views just once for iOS/macOS (because they won't use native widgets anyway) with a few #if differences.
Most likely innocent explanation would be that they have so many exceptions to so many complicated rules that they just didn't notice and developers who have more access than they should aren't too eager to voluntarily report it.

But, given track record of FBs dishonesty, everything is possible including they did it on purpose and now just lie and play it down as some kind of failure of the process.
legalization doesn't have to mean that you can just walk into CVS and buy any drug you want, and it certainly doesn't have to mean that your doctor can recommend unapproved drugs to you.

legalization is compatible with certain reasonable constraints. advertisement of any drug (maybe even FDA approved) can be prohibited. sale of unapproved drugs can be restricted to certain specialty stores so there's no risk of people assuming it's safe just because it's at their pharmacy or grocery store. you can mandate warnings on the packaging and/or at the entrance to the store. you can say no such stores within x feet of a school.
I copied the example from the article but it says “roughly” so it’s not entirely clear.

The situation that popped in my mind was something like: f?(++a)

Normally you’d expect the side effects incrementation to occur prior to the start of the function invocation. If the function is not evaluated it’s not clear from the article if increment will occur.
Considering even places like Syria and Venezuela have power most of the time, I think the idea that a state-owned power company would be unable to provide electricity for even one second of the year is an unrealistic consideration.

I agree there is a lot to lose. But I think you're being a little aggressive with your negativity.
>start busting dealers and suppliers for tax evasion

This is already one of the ways they go after drug dealers if they can't get evidence of them dealing. Every successful long term drug dealer I've met also has a 'real job', as in, something to declare on the tax forms.
Same with Swift. It is one of my favorite features and one I miss most after moving mostly to React Native. I also love `guard` and `if let` in the same vein of boilerplate-reducing sugar.
No one's defending the bug. It's hard to fix.
Like any large scale project with a long history, we certainly have our share of eccentricities. We're working on moving the argument translation from cw (our "compiler wrapper") more directly into the Makefiles themselves.

I would note that both Studio and GCC are both older than 20 years if you're going by the date when they were first released; releases of both that we were using (Studio is no longer in use) were released more recently than 20 years ago. We currently recommend people use GCC 7.3 or 7.4 to build the OS, and those were released in the last two years.

The debugger I believe you're talking about is MDB[1], which is emphatically not from the 1980s. It was started as a project in the lead up to Solaris 7, as I understand, which was closer to 2000. GDB was first released in 1986, but I don't think either of these dates are a meaningful observation: they're both actively maintained debuggers with a different approach and a different focus.

There are lots of arguments for, and presumably against, the use of %rsp as a frame pointer. They're all trade-offs. The amd64 architecture is, at least, less register starved than 32-bit x86. Stack unwinding with correct use of the frame pointer is substantially less complex than using the unwinding information provided by DWARF sections. This helps a lot when making the stack() and ustack() DTrace routines available, as they need to unwind the stack in an extremely limited context in the kernel. Saving arguments to the stack (-msave-args) is another trade-off tilting the scale toward a better debugging experience, because yes, we do care a lot about that as a project.

At the end of the day, you should use whatever makes you happy and solves problems for you. Those of us who work on illumos, use it at home, or ship it in products, are doing so for just that reason.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modular_Debugger
If we're talking national or state-level regulatory agencies, there's a public review and commentary process where the public (usually affected companies and interested advocacy agencies, since relatively few individuals bother to notice) submit comments on proposed regulations. The agencies are required to acknowledge these comments, but this can sometimes be as little as "Comment noted, we've decided otherwise."
Again, that they have other tools doesn't mean that they want to give up this one. And they're not more likely to just because those groups use it. Indeed, governments and political parties are generally quite solicitous of the interests of the very rich. [1] As, of course, are corporations.

[1] https://www.vox.com/2014/4/18/5624310/martin-gilens-testing-...
Note that "just a few sentences" is more coherence than anything has ever managed before.

Also, in many examples that I've seen there's a clear thread that runs through the generated text. For example, a couple small passages posted by others in this thread all revolve around one or two words that are repeated throughout the text, even if the details around those words keep changing

See: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21456705

Now it's "my bed" now it's a "strange bed" but it's always about a bed.
Yeah, I'm not sure "individual copy" actually applies to digital content. Because it's just a collection of bytes, it can be copied endlessly, and so it will. One copy is the same as a million copies.

If you buy a book and then burn it, it's gone, and you have to buy a new one. If you download a book from a bookstore, and then delete it, you can just download a new copy whenever you like. Booksellers don't make you look after an "individual copy".

I totally grok the DRM problem, but look at it like this: if you bought the Large Print version of a book, and then got new glasses and decided you didn't want that version any more, you don't have the right to swap it for a normal print version. Same with Kindle/Kobo - if you bought a book for your Kindle (agreeing to the T&C's that said it could only be viewed on a Kindle), and then decided to move to Kobo (something I have recently done, and yes it's very annoying), then do you really have the right to all your Kindle books on the Kobo?

But we're getting away from my initial objection, which is actually covered by copyright. Software licences are powered by copyright. And copyright says that I do have the power to stop you from modifying my creation, because it's my creation and I created it and it's mine to do with as I please. So if I licence my software under a licence that says "you can't modify this, you either use it as it is, or don't use it at all", then surely that's my right as its creator?
At the risk of pouring cold water on the idea, I wonder why you need to create a new operating system at all.

If it's just a matter of NIH ('Not Invented Here' syndrome) I'd say don't waste your precious time to re-invent the wheel unnecessarily.

On the other hand, if you create a new operating system because there is a definite unfulfilled requirement for it, then the next step(s) to take will be self-evident.
Well, they're both the largest recipients and the largest contributors because they're the largest and most populous countries.

However, France and Germany contribute significantly more than they receive, and poorer regions receive significantly more than they contribute, so that's effectively a transfer mechanism.
We've had multiple fires so far that were caused by line/infrastructure failures producing sparks. Brush-clearing is also a factor
Scattered Minds: The Origins and Healing of Attention Deficit Disorder by Gabor Mate.
Bell Labs. I didn't realize this until looking it up but apparently Bell Labs is owned by Nokia today.

However I couldn't find a source on the quote about them being required to invest in R&D. It looks like Bell Labs was founded in the 20s, well before any significant corporate regulation took place, and prior to it's founding in 1925, Western Electric and AT&T had been operating their own separate yet active research departments.
SpaceX and Boeing Still Need a Parachute That Always Works