skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Here's my "programmer's version" of music theory:

* We've evolved to hear a wide range of frequencies from elephants stampeding (~60Hz) to flies buzzing (~200Hz) to birds singing (~KHz). To accommodate this, our ears work logarithmically so an exponential increase in frequency is "perceived" as linear progression.

* Melody, tempo and cadence of a tune are linked to how we speak, with the melody following the syllable pattern and tempo of our human language speech [1]. This is also potentially why you get 1/f frequencies when analyzing music, because human language, speech and word frequencies follow power laws themselves [2].

* Discretizing steps between the frequency doubling helps express and communicate music.

* For whatever reason, when combining frequencies we tend to "like" simple ratios of one frequency to another, preferring a small a integer numerator and denominator (maybe this is a consequence of the logarithmic pitch detection?). Discretizing a frequency doubling into 12 steps offers a happy compromise of having many combinations of frequencies that have a small reduced fraction approximations [3].

* From the simple reduced fraction idea you can "derive" why notes close together sound 'dissonant' (large numerator and/or denominator in approximated fraction) and how to construct musical chords as they're 2-3 frequency combinations that have a good pairwise small reduced fraction approximation.

* Musical scales or modes are the result of further restricting the 12 step octave to a reduced set that have nice pairwise reduced fraction approximation (e.g. "sound nice"). The modes ionian, dorian, phrygian, lydian, mixolydian aeolian and locrian are the 'step sequence' of [1,2,2,1,2,2,2] (take 'c' as root, then move one over, then 2, etc.) rotationally permuted (8 steps, 8 modes). For example, ionian has step sequence [2,2,1,2,2,2,1] (e.g. [c,d,e,f,g,a,b]) whereas dorian has step sequence [2,1,2,2,2,1,2] (e.g. c,d,d#,f,g,a,a#]).

This is my understanding so far. I haven't made any music that I would remotely call "good" so all this should be taken with skepticism.

This is also heavily biased towards western music and I think there are many exceptions from around the world of different cultures producing different music that might not be classified from the above.

[1] "An empirical comparison of rhythm in language and music" by Aniruddh D. Pate, Joseph R. Daniele (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/10976378_An_empiric...)

[2] "Musical rhythm spectra from Bach to Joplin obey a 1/f power law" by Daniel J. Levitin, Parag Chordia, and Vinod Menon (https://www.pnas.org/content/109/10/3716)

[3] "Measures of Consonances in a Goodness-of-fit Model for Equal-tempered Scales" by Aline Honingh (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267806865_Measures_...)
Think Electrician instead of Electrical Engineer.

EEs build the motor and the battery controller. Electrician level skills can arrange the parts within their specifications.
Metrics will always be gamed as long as a) there is an incentive to game them and b) there are no proportionate consequences for gaming said metrics.

To use YouTube video recommendations as an example, (a) is reflected by the current title/thumbnail brinksmanship seen recently as well as the shift to "alt-right" topics, and (b) is reflected through YouTube contorting itself trying to justify not punishing such methods. In the case of recommendation rabbit holes (e.g. alt-right rabbit holes), it's why journalism highlighting the trends is especially important as a correcting force.
If you're interested in exploring further, check out Salmon Explorer (http://salmonexplorer.ca), an interactive website I worked on at my previous company to help people understand the status of salmon in British Columbia.
This seems like a broad generalization.
Study after study show that women rate the majority of men as unattractive whereas the scale is pretty balanced for men’s views of women attractiveness. In general, there’s no longer social or religious pressure for people to pair off so women flat out don’t pick those unattractive men.

Women are the selectors. Men tend to take whatever they can get.
Give me a new function that is a partial of some other function where I can define the 10% to change than any of the arcane polymorphism magic.
The article is quite well written, I got a lot out of it without reading the actual book.
Congratulations on making it in.

The problem with these kind of discussions is that you can always find examples where the system worked in ways that favored those who would in general not benefit from it.

I think there is no question that rich people on average have a huge leg up compared those who are not. That’s fundamentally broken.

The fact that you, as member of the non-rich, were able to use that to your advantage doesn’t change that overall conclusion.
Agreed though the men having less sex don't need it, they have the rise of porn that means they can fulfill atleast some of their needs very easily and don't want to bother with the time it takes to get in a relationship
Teaching your points 1, 2 and 3 seem to be overlooked in many courses. It's as if they know that you have to do these things, but they don't know why. As if "Oh, you have to do this because polymorphism."

I think if they took a single lecture to teach these specific points of OO, we'd get more effective developers straight out of school.
It's possible that any given person can, as you say, work harder and achieve success in dating, and that it is impossible for everyone to do it because of structural reasons.

For example, if there are 800 million men in your country and 700 million women, "try harder" will only work for 700 million men and will never work for the other 100 million (assuming they want long-term monogamous marriages etc.)

SF isn't China/India but even in SF there is enough structural imbalance that "work harder" won't be enough to help 10s of thousands of young men.
Can I use live reload on functions that use imported c libs?
A number of banks now allow you to suspend credit cards via a secure app [1] (username/password required).

You then un-suspend the card when you want to do it and its near real-time.

Its not quite what you asked for but functionally its very close.

[1] https://www.cardvalet.com/
What problems do you see with using synecdoches? I'm usually first to criticize problems in our languages and their use, but I have not considered synecdoches problematic.
>including all 30 seasons of The Simpsons;

Never thought I'd see the day when a Disney service would air the Simpsons. The idea of the simpsons airing on the disney channel back in the day would have been ridiculous. Seems so strange to go from being considered one of the most notorious shows around to being carried by Disney. The very antithesis of what it was when it started. Not sure what that says more about though, Disney or the Simpsons.
Another example:

I work for a university that has a centralized IT, but each of the schools may also have an IT group. When they setup a local Gitlab instance I moved our team's (web development) projects over.

We have over 60 projects alone within our group (our own school was decentralized, and only in the last 5 or so years have I been able to get things centralized within our team), and there's a ton that the centralized IT group has on the instance, plus all of those that other schools share. We currently have three people in our team (two designers/front-end, one full stack), but at one point were at six plus a consultant.

I've got a good idea of what most of the 60+ repos contain, and where things are, but a good search for the various open repos, and those that I'm semi-associated with, would be fantastic.
Got my transferwise swag pack
I think there should only be some tiny degree of forcing. A provider like Facebook and YouTube have immense power to influence elections, for example. This is super exaggerated, but if, say, every pro-Republican video is removed or hidden behind an adult/extreme/offensive warning, while most pro-Democrat videos are left untouched, think about what effect that may have on current generations, and generations in 10 and 20 years from now, who grow up on YouTube content essentially. It'll probably influence your thinking.

I definitely don't want them to be classified as public utilities or even broken up. I think very minimal regulation similar to the "equal-time rule" should be used instead, applied only to certain narrow forms of content. I think Steve Huffman of reddit did it right: he's clearly no fan of Trump or his supporters, but he refused all the calls to delete Trump's subreddit. Half the site calls him a Nazi and the other half calls him a libcuck, but I think he made the right move.

I think YouTube should absolutely have a right to remove videos promoting white nationalism or advocating bigotry and such. I just think they shouldn't have absolute free reign to remove anything, due to the fact that they're now kind of more like TV in general, rather than a single TV network.
OCaml has named (“labeled”) parameters, and of course you can use combinators like flip to bind positional parameters like the second or third. I'm not sure what the relevance to inheritance is, though, and “partial evaluation” usually means an optimization strategy rather than just currying.
I've talked to people within YC who say just the opposite - that Stanford has a special relationship with YC. I've seen a nearly exact copy of a project I pitched to YC get accepted a year later, but this time with Stanford founders.

And I'm not using that as a stand-in for elite schools in general. The requirement that founders physically locate themselves the bay is as big a factor as anything.

Just because non-traditional people get in sometimes does not mean that there is not still selection bias towards a particular group.

If you are so sure about your claims, then you should call for YC to release the data to prove it. Specifically addressing the questions below.

1. What percentage of all founding teams had at least one member who attended Stanford? (Degree not even necessary - just attended at some point)

2. What percentage of all applicants who had a team member with a Stanford connection and got interviews?

3. What percentage of all applicants who had a team member with a Stanford connection got accepted?

Edit: Also, in case it wasn't clear - run the same data for any other schools with a high volume of applicants. Questions 2 and 3 should be roughly equal if there is no bias.

And I'd prefer to see the data over time as well. Doesn't have to be each applicantion period, but at in least groups per year to see if trends changed.
Short Business Lessons from 14 Long Business Books
It's about like real world robotics from 15 years ago, where you had a LIDAR or two with a modest data rate.
> At 6:30 am, the Olympics' administrators reset staffers' passwords in hopes of locking out whatever means of access the hackers might have stolen. Just before 8 that morning, almost exactly 12 hours after the cyberattack on the Olympics had begun, Oh and his sleepless staffers finished reconstructing their servers from backups and began restarting every service.

> Amazingly, it worked. The day's skating and ski jumping events went off with little more than a few Wi-Fi hiccups.

To me, this was the most interesting part of the article. What if the malware was part of a previous backup? What if hackers had access to an existing staffer, and the password reset would have been ineffective?

It reads like the fact that the winter Olympics streams worked just fine was a matter of luck on these two, relatively simple measures working.
I don't mean to suggest that there are no asymmetries in who is having more sex. Only that the assumption of equal transmission rate shouldn't be made. I don't know if there is a transmission asymmetry for Chlamydia, but I don't think it's safe to assume there isn't.
Nicotine patch sales are growing and cigarette sales are declining in general in the US. There's not enough evidence or analysis here to show CVS made a big difference. Also remember this was a time where vape shops were popping up everywhere and people were switching from cigarettes to e-cigs.
Maybe I just don't get it but what is the point if we have established that there is very little on the moon that is useful for us
> I find the idea of sex being the major factor, influencer, and driver behind global trends and economics a lot more plausible (I'm a Freud's fan)

Sex and death are often viewed in opposition. Psychotherapist Esther Perel has described eroticism as "an antidote to death" and the essay "Why Men Love War" [1] describes the use of sex by soldiers to forget about the death and destruction around them. TMT would argue that the influence of sex in society is precisely due to its effectiveness at distracting us from death.

[1] https://public.wsu.edu/~hughesc/why_men_love_war.htm
I'm wondering if you are using the word "tall" incorrectly. It seems to me your utterings make more sense if it is replaced with "fat".
These companies use the court and no shows to give them ground to go after people, when otherwise they'd have ZERO case. It is a total abuse of the court system.
Show HN: On-demand prerendering for your static-ish websites
I see unattractive men getting married every day.
> clean minimal design

The design is so minimal I thought it wasn't loading correctly for me.
> For those films that are released in theaters, Disney doesn't plan on changing any windows to bring them sooner to Disney+, which means there will be around a seven-month wait for titles like the upcoming Frozen 2 and Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker to hit the service (Toy Story 4 should become available in early 2020)

Betting the company. Thank god Iger found some time off from his book tour.
Something even cooler, Lineage 2 (inception times similar to wow, say 2004) had a Karma system for killing other players. Pretty much it was possible to kill anyone, without their consent outside towns.
Karma required cleaning -- killing normal mobs (instead players), having karma and having unrepented sins (killed 5+ players who didn't fight back), dying - including being killed by other players resulted in gear drop. Overall it was possible to hunt such players.

There was one player who managed to kill so many new players that his 32bit karma turned negative via integer overflow and he was free from all the filthy red status.
Feedback loop is extremely important, especially when the product is young. To grow, you need to learn and perfect your abilities same applies to software and companies. I did not leave that comment out of malice, I shared an important market feedback.
I disagree. I was by far the smallest kid in my grade, but I took a couple of years of judo when I was 7. It was really useful as I grew up. A big equalizer for me. It does give you an intuitive sense of how to move and a shift your weight in your favor. Even if you fall, you end up falling on top of the other kid. As an adult and for personal defense I think Judo comes right after BJJ and wrestling.
Leachate may be a local problem, however widespread use of single-use plastic that eventually makes it way into the ocean and food chains is a global problem.
This doesn't really explain any of the music theory that's described on the linked page, unless you're meaning you're explaining a theoretical basis for harmony itself? The kind of music theory on the page is about triadic harmony, scales, the ways in which one triad moves to the next, non-chord tones, melody, and rhythm.

I do like thinking about tuning systems, however.

- If you have purely harmonic instruments, like bowed strings or the human voice (due to mode locking), there's some justification to try messing around with extended just intonation systems (ones where the ratios use prime factors that go beyond 2, 3, and 5). Ben Johnston has a workable notation for this. But, even after having played around with this for a while, I still struggle to hear things involving 7 or 11 as being in tune!

- For slightly inharmonic instruments, like pianos or plucked strings, just intonation seems to make a bit less sense... though La Monte Young's "The Well-Tuned Piano" with it's 2,3,7-based tuning does work pretty well. (And as someone else pointed out, piano tuners compensate for inharmonicity even for 12-EDO tuning by making all the intervals just a bit wider. So twelfth roots of two don't completely explain things.)

- I'd be interested in seeing how highly inharmonic instruments, like bells, might be tuned to take advantage of their own unique harmonies. It might be that a "5/4" ratio means "take the fifth harmonic of this bell, then find a bell for which that harmonic is the 4th harmonic."

Equal temperament, by the way, apparently wasn't popular until around 1900-ish, and so-called equal temperaments before that tended to be various kinds of unequal but "circular" temperaments that worked well enough for every key, yet still preferred common keys. See [1].

12-tones is an approximation of tuning systems that had been long used by singers and string players. A C# is slightly lower in pitch than a Db (in cents, this is roughly 87 cents vs 109 cents; musicians should be able to perceive deviations of 5 cents, for comparison). In fact, there were early experiments in having split black keys to be able to have both pitches on a keyboard. In [1], the author argues that 1/6-comma meantone is a good approximation for this system, which can be explained as 55-EDO. This makes sweeter major thirds (closer to 5/4 than 12-EDO's 81/64) at the expense of more dissonant perfect fifths, which tends to work out OK for post-medieval western harmonic practice.

[1] Ross Duffin, "How Equal Temperament Ruined Harmony"
Akshara Singh Hot Image
Does anybody else find it funny when companies talk about typically private metrics (like gross margins) very publicly.
Surprise, surprise, colleges in the business of printing diplomas (which are about 90% of them at this point) make getting in easier, all while continuing to skyrocket the tuition and indebt students.

Higher education is so bankrupt.

Maybe we should institute no-nonsense schools without all the fluff that do have test requirements for entry.
This doesn’t stand up to even the most basic analysis.

Just look at attractiveness ratings between sexes and races[1]. White men are consistently rated as the most attractive, with black women faring least well.

Genuine question: why are the people who subscribe to this world view predominantly white men?

[1] https://theblog.okcupid.com/race-and-attraction-2009-2014-10...
It’s a generality, not a solid rule. The statics show this.
See my response to Garry above.
That's the joke, but it has not been my experience. Then again, my dating experience was prior to 2012.
To my understanding, it's widely considered that The Simpsons have not been a veritable satire (in the spirit of the first seasons) for the past 20+ years. With success it quickly became what it started out ridiculing; so Disney endorsing Simpsons is normal.
The author conflates phoning home with recording. The reason that guests should be informed of the devices is not because they are phoning home but because they are recording. Even if the recording never leaves the building, guests should be informed that they are being recorded.
>It’s a fact that in societies like ours sex truly represents a second system of differentiation, completely independent of money; and as a system of differentiation, it functions just as mercilessly.

>Just like unrestrained economic liberalism, and for similar reasons, sexual liberalism produces phenomena of absolute pauperization. Some men make love every day; others five or six times in their life, or never. It’s what’s known as “the law of the market.” In an economic system where unfair dismissal is prohibited, every person more or less manages to find their place. In a sexual system where adultery is prohibited, every person more or less manages to find their bed mate.

>In a totally liberal economic system certain people accumulate considerable fortunes; others stagnate in unemployment and misery. In a totally liberal sexual system certain people have a varied and exciting erotic life; others are reduced to masturbation and solitude.

- Extension of the domain of the struggle by Houellebecq
Signed numbers are preferred. Imaging you try to buy something checking if the remaining balance would be greater than zero is pretty much guaranteed, resulting in 4+ billion instead.

Signed number (just 64bit) is the correct number type for such operations.
you sort of want someone who sucks at flying but has their wings. if you test with only ace pilots, you're likely to overestimate the skills of the average user. indeed, Boeing had assumed pilots would be quick-thinking enough to breeze through a checklist and compensate for MCAS in seconds, which wasn't the case even for seasoned pilots.

also, I imagine the job of a technical pilot is more to assess the behavior of the hardware through a series of tests, rather than regular flying. like how QA testers of a CAD software might not be CAD wizards, but know the product inside and out.
I took a one-week SICP course with 5 or 6 other professional programmers last year. It was amazing. I wrote about my personal motivation for doing so here:

https://amontalenti.com/2018/08/26/sicp-expanding

As for an update: SICP was as good as I expected and definitely makes a professional programmer regain some love for the art and magic of computer science. (However, the book is a hard read without a guide. But it's really fun if you alternate between coding and reading, by using a local Racket & DrRacket install.)

One can find recorded courses from MIT with the SICP authors on YouTube, so that may be one way to do this from home.

Hal Abelson was recently interviewed about the lasting influence of the book in this podcast. It's a good conversation:

https://pca.st/wmrdiyvq
... what were your degrees? I'm assuming you're a programmer?

I only had a BA in comp sci, and almost every CS course I've taken has been useful to some degree. Operating Systems, Data Structures, Programming Languages, even Theory of Computation.

Sure most of the day-to-day is people skills and rote programming. Strategically Comp Sci has been very valuable in the long run.
my understanding is that they're resigning because of how unbearable the experience as a moderator is, aka not being taken into account when taking strategy decisions. They are nonetheless not part of the SO ecosystem, and thus they are not accountable for their advice, which is a perfect reason for SO execs to not pay attention to them.

This is I believe a call for self-importance. "Look at us, we matter". And execs have long being saying "no, not really". Who is right in the end, that escapes me. I lean towards those who are getting a paycheck out of it, but that's just my point of view.
Overhyped "all american" lawyer-backed patent hero who championed at claiming the credits for other peoples work and did not refrain from Goebels style marketing by means of electrocuting elephants in order to shed false light at the competition at the expense of society at large.
People like Edison should be expurgated from platforms like HN.
Anyone else feel like this book is really overrated? I've enjoyed the classical mechanics book by the same authors a lot more since it goes over a particularly good application where functional ideas shine