skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> What you propose is essentially not just getting rid of 'parens', but dropping the source code idea based on explicit list representation.

No, I keep the nested list representation of data (as does I-Expressions: https://srfi.schemers.org/srfi-49/srfi-49.html), you just ditch the enclosing parens in favor of whitespace (or, to be more precise, in favor of 3 syntactic tokens: atomBreakSymbol, nodeBreakSymbol and edgeSymbol; by convention space/" ", newline/"\n", and space/" ").

>> You no longer even have syntax errors.

>How so?

See for yourself: https://jtree.treenotation.org/designer/. Try to generate a syntax error, it's impossible. For the same reason you don't have syntax errors at the binary notation. I think this is a very, very important hint that there is something important going on here that ties into something in nature (I don't know what that is but seems like there is a fancy prize to the person who can explain that in mathy terms). However, using the openParenSymbol and closeParenSymbol style of delimiters, you do have syntax errors--unbalanced parens.

>> Program concatenation is easier.

> How so?

This one is mildly easier, but comes up all the time. We have a Tree Language called Grammar for building other Tree Languages (and yes, Grammar itself has an implementation in Grammar). We have a Tree Language called Hakon that compiles to CSS. And we have one called Stump that compiles to HTML. Want to build a new language called "TreeML" that has both? Just `cat hakon.grammar > treeml.grammar; cat stump.grammar >> treeml.grammar` and you are just about done (just concat your new root node). You don't have to worry about adjusting any parens at the tails. A minor improvement, but lots of little things like that add up.

> but then the has a different look and feel. It becomes something different

This might be true. It seems you are taking the stand that Tree Notation is something different than Lisp (which I actually lean to agreeing with), while most lispers have given me the flippant response "congratulations! you've reinvented lisp/s-expressions". I think both arguments have merit. We will see where it goes and perhaps although the differences with parens S-Expressions are slight, perhaps there will always be a separate niche for parens lisp.
I think they are env vars. complete is a bash built-in. It is executed in the process of the shell. You only need to export for child processes.
Also, it outputs XML and RSS too: https://www.reddit.com/r/ubuntu.rss and https://www.reddit.com/r/ubuntu.xml
Would add that people buying in the quantities offered at Costco are likely to live in a place that’s large enough to accommodate storing those items.
That's how all change begins. And in this case, it's pretty easy for any reasonable person to understand that less cars in cities is better for almost every reason other than a simple selfish desire to be inside a car and take up a car's worth of space and air pollution rather than a human's worth.
Interestingly, none of those links triggered a warning for me on my Mac…
For Hire: The job market through the eyes of college graduates in search of work
Well if BoJo had thought a little more on the new Routemaster. Contracts may be from Westminster - as that sounds just like the idiocy of UK railways that had a very similar issue.

Exempting cabs from the ULEZ is bizarre and unforgivable. It could have been a perfect push to electric.
Author here. Thanks for the feedback! I seem to have conveyed exactly the wrong impression. Mu is at the moment not an OS but a userland, with some tiny fraction of libc redesigned so that programs tend to be easier to test.

The eventual goal is a complete stack with its own OS, but Mu currently actually relies on a third-party OS kernel. You can package it up with either Linux or Soso (https://github.com/ozkl/soso)

Does this help? Let me think about how to make the prose clearer..
The code appears to be used for fraud related purposes, meaning, to my understanding, Apple would likely argue it has a legitimate interest.

There’s a lot of legal language around this exception, but fraud is directly called out as a legitimate interest and means that the group controlling the data would not need to obtain user consent.

For additional reading, I’d recommend the following post: https://www.gdpreu.org/the-regulation/key-concepts/legitimat...
It is incredible that Costco can essentially make a *aaS recurring profit model business from a physical goods store.

I wonder how immune it is to economic downturns/upturns?
> I am now pro-nuclear—at least as an intermediate technology until we really get renewables, and, as you say, BETTER BATTERIES, sorted out.

> An argument I haven’t seen before is that no other clean energy source can scale up as quickly as nuclear—IF the reactors are standardized.

Isn't this why we won't get nuclear power? It's always been my impression than nuclear is more financial challenging than technical, it takes forever to recoup the initial cost of the reactor and by the time it does, we will want to move onto 'cleaner/safer' renewables.

Perhaps if public perception changed considerably and we were willing to have our base energy load (what coal & natural gas* provide today) come from nuclear. I just don't think nuclear makes financial sense currently if it's only intended to be temporary.
One needs to be smart with transitioning to standing while working. Just going into it blind isn’t smart. Deskbound by Kelly Starett has a good protocol for transitioning.
>It sounds like such an easy thing to do for such an amazing payoff.

I don't understand how spending tens of millions on making a custom chip design so that you can replace a resistor as a backdoor is an easy thing to do. Most surface mount components have standard form factors. You can just replace entire chips and it is also very easy to simply add a back door to the firmware but a rice grain sized backdoor chip? Come on. That's just some journalist's method of making a lot of money through ad revenue.
For the same reason. There were some bomb and ricin attacks that prompted that.
He'd probably be telling a different story had he grown up a few miles from Chernobyl or Fukushima.
Thx. So how does Costco manage this?
Cabs don't need parking.

(Well, they do, but it's out in my neighborhood in queens.)
GDPR requires affirmative and explicit consent to data-sharing. I am not a lawyer so I'm happy to be corrected by someone who has more regulatory knowledge here, but I am reasonably certain this company would not be allowed to operate this way in Europe.
> a metadata rich database approach

Can you ELI5 what this means? Very curious to understand ideas on alternatives to the traditional file-system abstraction.
Julia has explicit parameterization, but will also interprocedurally propagate known field values at compile time if known (which happens a lot more because our compile time is later), even if they weren't explicitly parameterized. Since this is so useful (e.g. as you say for dimensions of nd arrays - particularly in machine learning), there's been some talk of adding explicit mechanisms to control the implicit specialization also.
If you want to, you can email a draft to hn@ycombinator.com and we might be able to give some tips on what the HN community tends to respond better to.

Same offer goes for anyone who's working on something they hope will interest HN. Just don't be disappointed if you don't hear back for a long time—and as a corollary, don't send it just a couple days before you plan to publish. We have terrible worst-case latency!
Is nuclear waste even still a problem? We have been storing nuclear waste for more than 60 years in ‘temporary facilities ’ while we’re looking for permanent solutions. As far as I know, nothing happened in that time. Let’s just drop the ‘temporary’ label, keep doing what we’re doing and stop worrying about hypothetical scenarios where society will collapse and some farmer 1000 years from now will get radiation poisoning.
My kids have been to 4 schools so far (we move around a fair bit). In each one they are expected to have a Google account which is linked to their school in some sort of G Suite arrangement.

I don't know if it's a coincidence or a department policy, but Google gets them early and if you think that's bad, teachers aren't to blame - maybe schools are or possibly the education dept.

Honestly I was a little surprised that there was no discussion about it. I talk to my kids about the way the web and privacy is going and I don't expect schools to do everything but they should be a little more aware of the issues imo.
Not just new vehicles: moving to electric busses also needs a bunch of other initial infrastructure investment, from chargers, potentially more depot space to power grid improvements to actually feed a depot full of charging busses.
Nope, and it wont happen unleds mandated by law.
I think HDF5 really makes a good choice of usability/performance/practicability for typical user groups at laboratories or (small?) institutes. There are flaws and drawbacks which one will evventually notice. For instance, I developed (yet) a(nother) HDF5 Reader/Writer for a certain fluid dynamic code and I was quite disturbed about the way HDF5 stores meta data (i.e. attributes). There is no compression -- compression only works on actual data sets (payload). HDF5 performs bad (in terms of storage size) for many (thousands) of small data sets. This is an edge case the designers probably did not have in mind. There will be hardly anything that beats a zipped tarball containing similar information. According to the blog post, HDF5 was also not designed for deleting data sets (this was surprising for me). Parallelism is a thing... HDF5 supports there "something", but I never got happy with that.

What is actually great about HDF5 is: If you are an average 2019 data scientist (not neccessarily doing HPC) and work with a decent number of slightly larger CSV files and use the defacto-standard Python-Numpy stack, making the move to HDF5 is a matter of half an hour! The h5py api is a joy to work with, and you will notice the speedup of not having to wait for long-running numpy.genfromtxt() calls.
AMP is joining the OpenJS Foundation incubation program
About GPT-2 finetuning: I have a Python package which makes the process straightforward (https://github.com/minimaxir/gpt-2-simple), along with a Jupyter notebook to streamline it further (https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1VLG8e7YSEwypxU-noRN...).
Most European cities that shifted away from car traffic did exactly that. First they improved public transport and encouraged any other alternatives like bicycles. They invested in that infrastructure until it was ready to take over. Then they started to slowly "push" people away from cars by turning some streets or city centers into pedestrian zones.

You collect the returns after you invest. Otherwise almost any initiative would get bogged down into your 3 point loop. When companies build a new HQ they don't tear down the old one first. The "loop" is a fake conundrum.
I think the best thing happening in the recent time was when Zuckerberg was summoned by Congress to testify. It just opened our eyes that political advertisement and buying influence on social media is not only cheap but being done actively by groups whose members are not registered to vote in the USA. I'm told that this is also happening in other countries.
You can get rid of parking for cabs/uber/lyft. The amount of real estate taken up by parking in NYC is insane.
I went to high school in Romania and first two years of college as well. We did tons of theory on about 2/3 (if not 3/4) of the material here (I also covered some of it when I continued my college in Montreal, Canada). But that took about 6 years of daily (maybe there was a day in the week when we didn't do math) study. And I'm sure we didn't cover it in the same depth as they do here (for most things we did a lot of proofs and theory). So it's possible but it takes a lot of time. In addition, it was usually motivated by the next step: you need to learn how to compute the inverse matrix in order to further process it with more complex algorithms which you actually use in labs or some sort of application (even if it's made up).

The interesting thing is that, for a Math student (or a college professor) this is the FOUNDATION of math you need in order to study advanced stuff. For some of the recent math proofs (think famous ones) you'd need to study a whole year (after you know most of this stuff) just to learn the theory foundations for that proof.

I'm of course exaggerating a bit - most Math majors would probably go through most of the stuff in this PDF but not necessarily all (machine learning stuff for example, and possibly numerical analysis stuff) of it. And if they do they usually forget* most of it, except the areas they use in their daily research (assuming they got for an advanced degree). And when you use some of this stuff every day it becomes second nature after a certain point.

My experience is mostly based on the Romanian educational system which is typically more hardcore science (Math and Physics) even for Computer Engineering degrees.

*Sometimes you don't forget stuff, you just don't think about it until you see it again (concrete example for me: Schur decomposition) and then partial memories of it come back.
Hey thanks for chiming in. I discovered this on someone's tilde blog. If you can think of a more descriptive title, let me know and I'll update it.
If it's illegal under the GDPR to send the data of EU citizens with browser language set to Chinese to Tencent, it's also illegal to send the data of EU citizens with browser language set to anything else to Google. Chrome, Firefox, Safari and probably all Chromium-based browsers (unless they disable Safe Browsing by default) use Google's API and would be in violation, too.
Cabs could be highly useful for various emergencies or more generally for people in need of urgent singular transport.

Ambulances cover the medically injured. Buses cover normal strictly time regimented use.

A simple scenario: my son has been injured at home and I need to immediately get home or to the hospital. The bus may take far too long depending. That's an example of an urgent need for singular transport.
EU guidelines on ethics in artificial intelligence: Context and implementation [pdf]
Right, and after you've been in a plane crash you are likely to develop a fear of flying.
Check out Wolfram Alpha
How do you eat an elephant? Piece by piece.
it sounds stupid, but start at the beginning, and pace yourself. Chapter by chapter, you'll get through it.

I'm really poor at math, so I've learned to work slowly and check if I really understand something before I go to the next chapter. Most maths is based on previous work / understanding. So, when I rush or try to skip pieces, I misunderstand the next part, making my rushing completely useless.
I'm not sure, but I think it's different. Specifically, I think you would do macro evaluation first, then fully evaluate the resulting program on run-time independent values, and only then evaluate the resulting program on run-time dependent values.

Edit: Also, run-time independent evaluation would need to handle branching differently. For example, in this expression: (if a b c). If `a` is not known at "compile time" then this expression remains in the AST, and run-time independent value propagation continues into `b` and `c`. If `a` is known at "compile time" then only `b` or `c` remain in the AST depending on whether `a` is true or false.
xml and rss seem to be the same exact output
>The Foreign Secretary continued that "the UK government's position is that immunity, and therefore any question of waiver, is no longer relevant in Mrs. Sacoolas' case, because she has returned home," he wrote.

I'm not sure I'd want to stay if I was afraid I would be put to trial even if I knew I was innocent. Elsewhere it was indicated driving on the wrong side of the road resulting in death had been tried as manslaughter and punished by 5-6 years.

Punishment for some twisted sense of justice? Eeeh... too common.

If immunity is rescinded by the US I would be concerned, as a citizen or dimplomat of the US, that a country could request extradition as retaliation. Particularly troubling is how the Canadian government did nothing to Saudi Arabia for holding a man and torturing him after alcohol related allegations, and in the US how the Turkish security envoy was not punished.
I do that, but on the Costco website. The free cancellation means you can book and then cancel and re-book when the price drops. It's also easier when Costco is aggregating all the prices for easy comparison.
> And unfortunately you won't see ads for whole foods.

“Whole Foods” does definitely run ads :—)
I've worked for various companies in the engineering and manufacturing industries, and zipping and sending files over email is as far from dead as you can imagine, and has a very bright future ahead of it. Frankly, today's high school students have wildly deficient computer skills. We're talking about teenagers whose usage of a computer usually consists of browsing Facebook and listening to music on Spotify, not actually doing productive work; informing workflows based on input from such users is like asking a painter how a fireman's tools should work.
Ah, that's good to know. This sounds exactly like what I'm looking for. Thanks will read up on this in the docs!
At the risk of violating site guidelines, Fukushima was mentioned in the article as well. I understand that you’re against nuke power because of the scary problems, but reading the article first and responding to the points raised is a better approach then the same old same old repetition.
You can set up a video chat lecture with text chat and pretty good video with the free red5 java server and something like Avchat.com . That's 20 year old tech and works today, but will be removed from the net in a year. There is no HTML5 alternative. Why?

I think Tech took a weird turn somewhere around 2010. Things became more homogeneous, designes became bland without rough edges, literally with rounded corners. Options were removed, defaults became simpler and dumber. Dev tools are more about saving programmers from themselves rather than pushing things to the limit. Flash is probably an example of it
This is not "war". Don't overdramatize.
So,

I looked this page, the whole site and even slept on the questions involved. My experience with being student, doing a bit of math tutoring and doing a bit of math teaching is that linear algebra is one of the simplest "real" math courses a student encounters. Matrices are elaborate but they're just repeatedly doing pretty simple - and the geometric intuition of matrices as translation and rotation of linear spaces, is both useful and one of the easier intuitions to get, among "basic" higher math intuitions.

Now, this page comes along and overall message, "Wow, linear algebra is hard to understand, here's simpler way to approach it" and then [stream of stuff no undergraduate possibly get and that I struggle with having an MA in math] (also a structure that's not at all related to the concrete geometric interpretation of linear algebra). And, after scanning the thing structure, I at least have come away with what I think the motivation involved is.

The thing that's "complicated" and "unintuitive" to our author is that the development of linear begin with operations on individual vectors, describing the mechanics in detail. It then jumps to the qualities of sets of vectors and how one subspace can be orthogonal to another subspace.

So, basically, it takes informal set theory as implicit scaffolding to the entire theory. And if you are a mathematician (or one kind of mathematician), set theory is a grunging, undesirable thing. The mechanics of computation is also grunging. I'm tempted to say everything is grunging until you reach a supreme level of abstraction. But the computation + set thing definitely is constructing the structure "bottom". So what the author is doing is constructing things top down. Combining algebraic operations as strings that's constructing the equivalent of subspaces at the same it's describing what addition "is". Everything gets constructed from one "piece".

I feel like I can see the appeal of this but I can't actually see it as producing a thing useful to me, at the levels of abstraction I like to work with.

It also makes think how set theory is a bit the object-orientation of mathematic. It's a messy, do-anything, constructive exercise. I can understand an urge of someone who like their basis to be enlightening, to base their structures on things of great apparent elegance. Perhaps I'm pessimistic enough to believe that one is always to going to face "grunge".
Brian Eno's full name:
Brian Peter George De La John Sieur LaBaptiste Roger Farfisa Schweppes Lea Bernard Fancourt Richard Peter Loonhouse De La Salle Eno
I take public transport or cycle to work every day as I work in the City and it's faster and more convenient. People should be inspired to take public transport instead of driving because it's better and faster to do so, not restricted by levying giant taxes and blocking roads.
New version (2018): https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.6946v1.pdf

The linked version is from 2013.
> The hypothesis of Mu and SubX is that designing the entire system to be testable from day 1 and from the ground up would radically impact the culture of the eco-system in a way that no bolted-on tool or service at higher levels can replicate...

Maybe that's the aim.
Aye, notebooks truly represent a wrong turn in scientific computing. The
absence of version control alone is a showstopper, but it's insane generally
to launch long-running estimations interactively via browser-based notebook
interfaces, with outputs that are not readily greppable. But corporate
philistines continue to ooh and ah over jupyter's visuals, and companies like
Gradient are more than happy to cater to their FOMO.
It really depends on the use case. All use cases I actually know storing n-dimensional arrays, and this is something where HDF5 provides quite a neat interface which is identical to the in-memory representation in C/Fortran or numpy, e.g. This basically allows memory mapping and requires no transformation at reading/writing, which is important for data heavy applications (say anything in data science, high performance computing, or "big data" in general).

SQLite got a defacto-standard for serializing relational data. Of course one can represent higher dimensional matrices as relational tables, but that isn't very efficient in storage and CPU time. SQLite may excel in storing any kind of meta data and structures.
Previous discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20570025

Tl;dr:

* This is dense

* This is hard to understand if you don't have an education in mathematics

* This is not really meant to be an "introduction to X" book unless you have the background knowledge

* Gallier (who imo is an awesome professor) really values rigor and not hiding anything behind hand-wavy statements. He is an incredibly serious mathematician + computer scientist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Gallier). Accordingly, this book (work in progress) tries to be incredibly detailed on the topics it chooses to cover (and may miss out on some areas of CS + ML solely bc it chooses detail over comprehensiveness).
Ask HN: Opportunities for Old Guys in Infrastructure?
I am an infrastructure guy who is nearly 50. Has anyone of my age moved into a less rapidly changing workplace, where you are not required to be on call, with infrastructure skills?
So far, we don’t have any technology even in design phase, much less in the deployment stage, to deal with the storage problem. For our current needs, lithium batteries simply will not do, and we do not have enough viable sites or water for pumped storage either. There is nothing suggesting we’re going to solve the storage problem in our lifetimes, so nuclear is really the only viable solution to get off fossil fuels completely.