skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
If you want to do inference and hypothesis testing.

You need to save your degree of freedom. You want 10 observations to 20 observations per predictor. So you can use PCA to collapse a subset of predictors and keep the predictors you are inferring. This will help the sensitivity of your test.

Another thing is when you do linear regression or any modeling where it multicolinearity is a problem. This problem is where predictors are confounder or affect each other. PCA change basis so that new predictors are orthogonal to each other getting rid of multicolinearity problem.

A toy example is:

student gpa, sat score, math grade, height, hour of study

Where student GPA is the response or what you want to predict.

If you apply PCA to sat score (x1), math grade(x2), height(x3), and hour of study (x4) then it'll give you new predictors that is a linear combination of those predictors. Some statistic book will refer this to a sort of regression.

Anyway you may get new variables as:

new_x1 = 0.4sat score + 1.2math grade

new_x2 = 0.1* height + 0.5* hour of study

These new predictors are orthogonal to each other so they don't suffer from multicolinearity. You can now do linear regression using these predictors.

The problem is explanation, something you get grouping like height + hour of study.

Actually just look here for example: https://www.whitman.edu/Documents/Academics/Mathematics/2017...

Under "6.4 Example: Principal Component Analysis and Linear Regression"
Startup stock options are good when:
- there is no liquidation preference overhang
- you feel confident your contributions will significantly move the needle for this startup
- you're not giving up much in terms of salary
- you're ready to take on a bigger role/build up experience

A friend of mine managed to get this right 4 times in a row. (joined 4 companies, made solid return on all of his stock options). so it's definitely not impossible. obviously a large ammount of risk involved though.
I still don’t understand why it’s appropriate to tax bananas in order to fund emergency services.
That's patently false. There is no proof whatsoever that olive oil is not good for you. Every study on extra virgin cold pressed olive oil shows it is associted with increased longevity. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17879997

The low temperature smokepoint scaremongering for olive oil has been debunked: https://health.usnews.com/wellness/food/articles/why-you-sho...
But doesn't that just make the value of the dollars left higher? If there is more value being created but less dollars to pay for it worth the value of a dollar should go up until the out of circulation dollars come back.
Yeah, architecture can influence choices people make. It is something at the heart of Christopher Alexander’s work on architecture, although he generalizes this to human interactions.

When we look at that, we look at the whole. Safety is only one concern out of many. Fostering a sense of personal responsibility is another. There are others: artistic beauty and grace; personal initiative and prevailing over challenges; kindness and universal kinship towards all of mankind. Just to name a few.

An excessive focus on safety will prevent people from developing that sense of personal responsibility.

So this isn’t something to “solve” like that. We have not even figured out just what it is we want to do as a society. We have not even been able to recognize as a society that people have a diversity of views, and that individuals are at different stages of maturity and growth.

Even so: I generally agree that dedicated infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists, and public transportation is way better than this excessive focus on cars and SUVs. Investing into is costly, but we have to look at it as investing towards our children and grandchildren’s futures.
I had two long breaks between jobs. I've also had 4 different jobs in the last 5-ish years. So - I've had to do some prep every year. When I hit 1 year at any job - I start prepping again. I prepped probably 200 hours for the first job, 200 for the second, and then 100 for the third and fourth in the last 5-ish years. I pretty much never stay more than a year because it's the only way to get compensation and title to go up at all the companies I worked at.

I'd suggest always working on paper or whiteboard - never use a computer. (You have to emulate the environment) Set a timer for every problem. (1 hour max - aim for 45 minutes on medium/hard when starting out; lower it as you familiarize yourself with a subject) Start throwing data structures and algorithms at the problem (pattern matching them, basically). Solve it or don't. Learn something to take away from it. If you don't solve it, learn how to solve it, and where you were lacking. If you did solve it, be sure to check other solutions because sometimes yours is crap. Practice that thing you were lacking. (Needed to know BFS? Implement BFS from scratch 10 times using spaced repetition) If you're planning on 8 hour study sessions then focus on one type of problem at a time. (BFS, DFS, graph problems, tree problems, binary search, dynamic programming, etc.) Only do those kinds of problems in that session. Set it up like you would for a math class. You do one chapter in that session/day/week/whatever and proceed to do a few chapters (say a BFS chapter, a DFS chapter, and a binary search chapter)... Once you've done a few, give yourself a midterm covering the topics you learned. So give yourself like 2 DFS, 2 BFS, and 2 binary search problems and see if you can solve them in a timed environment. If you rocked the midterm then proceed on to do more chapters and more midterms. If you didn't then relearn those subjects before moving on. Finally, when you feel like you've learned everything then give yourself a final exam to see if you remember everything and can still do it right.

Basically - treat it like a math class. It's not just memorization (you need to memorize the strategies, that's for sure - you need to be really fast at implementing BFS, DFS, binary search, etc. That should be wrote memorization but with a deep understanding).
> Even if the company is doing well, at the next round of funding, you'll pretty much be reset to the original value if you're lucky.

Obviously depends on the situation and what valuation you got, but unless it's a down round, your percentage will be reduced, but that reduced amount will be worth more (on paper). Sure, you might no longer have 1% of a company valued $1m, you'll now have 0.5% of a company valued $5m.
I hate the idea of "congestion pricing" tolls. Bridges & tunnels into NYC run $15. $300/month for daily commuters. I'm sure that's manageable for some commuters, but poorer folks are disproportionately impacted and it significantly raised bus fair as well: About $260/month for most routes that are only 10-15 miles outside of NYC. I think better mass transit options are a better option to reduce congestion, and therefore the need for congestion pricing.
I don't have a problem with the form of food itself, it's just that 'vegetarian burger' tells me only what it isn't, it could be (almost) anything!

I wouldn't buy a 'vegeterian <thing>' for the same reason I wouldn't buy a 'meat <thing>' - it just sounds crap and like you don't know what you've made you just knew you needed a vegetarian (resp. meat) option.
Maybe There Was No Mass Suicide at Masada? – Jodi Magness' “Masada” Book Review
Only very rarely.
Same here with Safari 12.1.2 on MacOS 10.14.6, just FYI.
> people only choose McDonalds because of the consistent quality

Indeed, this is the only reason I eat McDonald's when I do - it doesn't matter where in the world I am, I know exactly what I'm getting, and I can pay in USD cash (although change is returned in local currency)
I haven't heard of any kind of (edible!) oil acutely making people ill. Why is that the assumption with Impossible Burgers?
A ~20 year old process... that'd be 250nm or 180nm, which is Just Fine for many microcontrollers, if not the new 600mhz-1ghz Cortex M7's...
You’re right, I was off by one. However, they both contain the same disclaimer, which is also repeated on the wireguard website. It’s not production software, according to its own author, despite being quite stable and based on solid theoretical foundations.
Unlike the import/export and so on rules, this won't just magically go away at the stroke of midnight.

Most EU rules are not "regulations" but "directives" - done by the EU saying what the rough idea is, and then each government has to pass their own laws to implement that idea in an appropriate way. This is especially useful if two EU members already had roughly the rule everybody now agrees is a good idea, but slightly different - nobody has to lose "their" favourite law, so long as any members that had no law about this get one pronto. For example EU members all need rules so that if a bank fails normal people get (up to a defined sum of) their money back. The EU says this rule needs to protect all account holders of banks in the EU, so a Brit can use a Spanish bank, or a German can use a French bank or whatever. But local laws might be slightly better and that's fine, e.g. the UK law gives you slightly more money back and is indexed to the Pound rather than the Euro.

So, these British laws don't vanish in a puff of smoke, but without the EU to insist upon them they could be "reformed" in unhelpful ways, or just abolished altogether, should a government choose to do so.
Banks have leverage. We Work does not: We Work can't rent out the same chair to 20 people at once.
Given sufficient power and seawater, we have unlimited drinking water. Reactors provide sufficient power.

So I don't think "running out of water" is a valid concern here. (Though some plants have had issues from lack of water flow in rivers, that's more a temperature issue than a lack of water one)
No, I actually think it's a large negative impact today, but rather than just accepting that's the way it is, I wonder why. Why is the US food system geared toward mass-scale industrial feed lots? What could be changed? On a trip to Ireland I never saw a ruminant in a feed lot, only on pasture, and they were slaughtered 1-2 years after our cattle. Why? Tax policy? Are other countries just not as smart as we are?
> New Yorkers (?) in Chicago are especially bad.

Well that goes without saying. (I jest of course. I have no dog in this fight and think they are both great cities.)
People aren't saying that.

They're saying if you have a population of 1,000 people who don't eat red meat you'd expect to see 2 cases of DISEASE_X. If you take a similar population but who do eat red meat you'd expect to see 3 cases of DISEASE_X.

That's a 50% increase, but that 50% relative risk number isn't enough information for people to make any decision. Here we're talking about an extra 1 person in 1000 people. But if the numbers were 4 in 10 increasing to 6 in 10 that's still only a 50% increase.

We need the absolute risk numbers to get an understanding: 0.2% increases to 0.3%. Something that's unlikely to happen becomes marginally more likely to happen.

This is not some weird obscure trickery. It's an important thing for people receiving healthcare to understand. It's mainstream science.

https://bestpractice.bmj.com/info/toolkit/practise-ebm/under...

https://www.eufic.org/en/understanding-science/article/absol...

Have a look at the factbox and the icon array linked in this page: https://www.harding-center.mpg.de/en/fact-boxes/early-detect...

But also, we should avoid using percentages and we should use natural frequencies.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3310025/ Only about 1 in 4 people understand that 0.1% means 1 in 1000.
Federal Court accepts Wayback Machine as evidence of content on a specific date
Yeah. (Though, I mean, if you're writing a kernel driver, you're probably brave enough to go in and yank out the code that tries to exec the initramfs /init.)

But, you can always write a five-line "trivial init" in C that just starts and then goes to sleep forever. If you didn't know, init processes don't have any special kernel-imposed requirements. You can run /bin/bash as init; this is what many distros' single-user rescue modes do!

Or, if you're even lazier than that, I believe Busybox has a configuration wizard that allows you to just deselect all the features. That'd probably spit out a "trivial init" binary.
The Snake-and-Alligator Border Moat: A Budget Analysis
Numbers in the example don’t line up with what I’ve seen of Bay Area trends. $110K TC at Google is low for a new grad, and good luck getting 1% of a company valued at $10MM straight out of college.

More realistic numbers for me would be:

early career: $125K TC bigco job vs $100K + 0.1% at $10MM startup

Experienced: $350K TC bigco job vs $150K + 1% at $10MM startup

When you run these numbers it’s real hard to make the case that startups are the best move financially. Plenty of other reasons to work at startups, but increased comp at big companies + founders giving less equity to employees has changed the equation.
Thailand judge shoots himself in court after criticising system
By some theories, yes, it should. I don't know if the reason it doesn't is that

a) I'm wrong

b) Something else is artificially holding the value of the dollar up

c) Those theories are wrong, or

d) It just hasn't been long enough yet.
I attended Columbia University’s College of Physicians and Surgeons in the late seventies and early eighties, and two groups who stood out were the Bard Hall Players and Columbia University Marching Band. They were made up of talented, creative and hilariously irreverent students. Come on, has the administration lost the ability to laugh? Who wrote Plato’s Republic? is pure gold just as Who’s buried in Grant’s tomb?
Longer collagen fibers trigger multicellular streaming on soft substrates
I Built a $3.5K/Month Authority Site with a Full Time Job
Understanding Risk
Except that it almost never actually goes that way. Instead what you get is .5% of a $5M company which has a $3M preference for the latest investor, leaving you with .5% of $2M, or exactly the same thing. Except more complicated than that.
There are a number of additional factors not modeled here that affect real world decision making. First, most option grants revert ownership to the company if not exercised within 90 days of leaving the company. If the company is doing well, it only makes sense to leave if you can exercise. But the problem with exercising is that there can be enormous AMT tax liability if the company is doing well and the valuation has gone up substantially. For early employees, the taxes can easily be 10-20x the exercise cost or more. But since the stock is illiquid, there is no market for selling some of the stock to cover this liability. If you front the taxes with your own money (or worse, a loan) you are now in a position of enormous risk. If the company falters or collapses, your downside is huge and you can be hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt.
I'm submitting this because it's something that often comes up on HN and I thought people may find it useful.
Further, options come from a pool of stock that has last priority for cashing out. Preferred stock holders will get all value first, meaning an exit for less than the issued stock value will leave options holders empty handed. Sorry if I mixed up any important words, I’ve been out of the game for a couple of years.
Novel Approaches to Late Quaternary Extinctions in the Anthropocene
I am sure the use of Californium will also generate some extreme NIMBY.
> Certainly there must be something in the universe that "started it all" and has no origin of itself.

Why not have the creator exist inside of time, or around it, or beside it? Maybe all existence was just out to tea right then with its creator, because the creator’s very attached to a particular tea flavor only found on earth, but will later be the creator, and will one day be in between two dozen creators? These are valid phrases that do not refer to literal relations, like “I am beside myself”, or “snapped back to reality”—the spatial foundations of these linguistic concepts refer to distance and spatial/time relations but don’t describe anything testable or reliably true. Intelligent design as a concept exploits language to imply absurd things, like that an omniscient omnipresent, omnipowerful, undetectable force is somehow also analogous to a mortal, finite, fallible, conscious human.

FWIW all this applies to holographic universe theories as well. The narrative makes 100% sense, but it doesn’t refer to empirically meaningful concepts.
The distribution food chain in the UK (and I assume the EU) requires all refrigerated food to be between 0C and -5C (iirc - this was a while back) for the entire journey. At least once a week a truck would turn up with a fridge problem that caused the temperature to go above 0 for over 5 mins. We would dump the entire lot. The food was perfectly good, it was still frozen, perfectly edible, and the warehouse guys regularly snatched their lunch from it. But unsuitable for public consumption.

Orders were often mis-placed or fat-fingered, and too much food would get delivered (or too little, but that's another story). Sometimes the stores would accept an over-delivery and allow it through, most times not, so it got destroyed.

Food deliveries to our centre had a specific 15-minute window. If the vehicle arrived outside that window, we would try and accomodate it if we could, but often couldn't. In extreme cases the truck would not be unloaded and have to return to the producer. Sometimes they took the food back with them. Sometimes they dumped it at our place and went back empty, because it would go out of date before it could be re-delivered.

The saddest case I saw: a supermarket chain buyer found an artisan cheese producer in Wales who was making amazing cheese. The buyer set up the contract, the artisan bought a van to deliver the cheese to us. But no-one told them the specs. They turned up in a nice little refrigerated van, when all our docks only accepted articulated trucks. We couldn't handball the produce without exposing it to ambient temperatures, so we couldn't accept delivery. Poor sod had to drive back to Wales with a van full of unsold cheese that was going out of sell-by date and was packaged in <supermarket chain> packaging. I expect most of that was destroyed.

This was one interaction in an entire distribution chain. Every interaction was this leaky. And that didn't count the final stores who (as everyone knows) routinely destroy perfectly edible food that has reached its sell-by date.

There have been initiatives to get this edible food to people in need. All of them run into the legal problem that you cannot serve people food that has passed its sell-by date. It's perfectly edible, but if someone gets food poisoning after eating it then that's on you, and there's no way of dodging that liability. People in poverty have a right not to be poisoned.

The "ugly food" thing is a product of EU legislation (in the UK anyway). I was amazed when I moved to Australia at how ugly the veggies are ;) I'm pretty sure that the ugly food gets sold at a lower price to food manufacturers (as you say).
Applied category theory and uncertainty logic could be added to math.
> Definitely worth more than 0 on average though

Average, sure. Median is possibly 0.
Verifying the Titular Properties of a Leftist Heap
Cryogenic toughness of natural silk and proposed structure–function relationship
I guess I just don't see the problem with rich people having more left over after paying the sales tax than poor people do.

The problem is that they can spend it on capital which then lets them earn more and more wealth. Maybe you also disagree with the claim that inequality is itself a problem? That would put you in the minority in most places.

If not, then consider this: sales taxes, due to their regressive nature, increase inequality and funnel more wealth to the top. Taxes on unearned economic rents (such as land value taxes) are progressive, decreasing inequality and spreading wealth more evenly throughout society.
What do you recommend for a personal use?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_component_regression...

Step 3.
If two people wisphered secret messages between each other,should that be allowed? Should a policeman be privy to all whisperings? E2EE is just wisphering except much more efficient and can happen at large distances.

Should you be allowed to send mesages over snail mail using code words understood by only the recipient and no one else?

These are political questions. Governments having the authority to listen in on all private conversations implies they have that authority. Do you accept that authority where you are unable to express yourself to other humans without government employees logging and monitoring your expressions of thought? Maybe you really have nothing to hide now,but if ever you are given a reason to disagree and dissent with societal norms,your expressions of dissent will be monitored by the very people that have a lot to lose by allowing your thoughts to be expressed. If you can accept regulation of your speech and this authority over your life and liberty then it makes sense to oppose E2EE.

The problem is that the people whose communication is being monitored never accepted this authority,E2EE is just a way of enforcing my expectation that my communication to someone will be read only by that person. Removal of this right or privilege must be done via due process and full transparency without which justice and fairness would be very difficult.

Last point: E2EE prevents mass monitoring of communication. For warrantful intercepts,law enforcement benefits the most out of having access to the whole device. One approach would be to force a transparent backdoor that will side-load rootkits that come with a device specific certificate with a certificate transparency log maintained by a watchdog gov agency that enforces requirement of a warrant for each cert and criminal penalty for mis-issuing of certs or tampeting of CT logs. What if someone roots their phone and removes the backdoor? Make it illegal much like silencers and bullet-proof vests are illegal. It does sound very unpleadant and uncomfortable but much saner than weakening protocols. Like it or not you won't be able to convince elected politicians there is no way to securely gain access to a suspected criminal's phone even with a warrant.
Alternatives to Google Products – The Complete List (2019)
>There's a simple reason why this toaster was discontinued, and that's because it can't be made from commodity components which are used by all toaster manufacturers, as well as in a variety of other domestic appliances.

That's definitely not the reason. We have automation robots and people do kinds of manual assembly for much less than a $200 or so this could easily command (besides, it's still being made).

We also have toasters with custom parts made today, they just aren't purely electro-mechanical like this.

That you can have one for a century and it will still work/be repairable easily is more likely the reason.
Ancedotally, here in Detroit the walkable neighborhoods are the ones gentrifying the fastest and in the process becoming more walkable (more shops, grocers, restaurants)