skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Yes. Been there, done that, a long time ago, and had the same political problems.

Many years ago, around 1980, I headed a project to build one of the first program proof of correctness systems. (It's on Github now, about two-thirds working with modern compilers.)[1] We succeeded, but it was just too hard to use. And, back then, really slow. As in 15 minutes to hours.

We had two theorem provers. One was what's now called an SMT solver - it could prove theorems with addition, subtraction, multiplication by constants, equalities, inequalities, and the Boolean operators. It could also accept rewrite rules, which it accepted as true.

Because allowing users to input rewrite rules made it easy to create false proofs, we required that the rewrite rules be proven using the Boyer-Moore theorem prover, which is a pure constructive system.[2] Then the theorems could be transferred to the SMT solver and used there.

One of the things we set out to prove were the "axioms" for arrays. There are four, credited to McCarthy in his classic 1962 paper. But we wanted to prove them from a theory of constructive arrays. In Boyer-Moore theory, we defined arrays as sorted lists of (subscript, value) tuples. And then we set out to prove the classic four axioms for arrays with machine proofs.

Which we did.[3], starting at line 3372. That file is the Boyer-Moore theorem prover grinding its way up from a very low base of number theory to the theorems we needed for our program proving system. (On a modern computer, in seconds. Took 3 hours on a VAX in 1980. We just didn't have enough engine for this stuff back then.) In that notation, "(selecta A I)" means A[I], and "(storea A I V)" is array A with A[I] replaced with V. After some struggles, we got the the prover to find a way to prove that.

But it's ugly. There's lots of case analysis, which mathematicians hate. We didn't get to redefine "equal", so we couldn't have abstract sets. We had to have ordered lists of tuples, which meant all the fussyness of updating an ordered list representation and proving that was sound. But it all worked.

So I submitted this to JACM, back when that mattered. It was rejected. The comments were along the lines of "I don't like having something that ugly at the foundations of computer science". The reviewers all agreed it was valid, but they just didn't like doing it that way, in an automatic but inelegant way.

Looks like the author of the original article here is still having that problem.

Good times back then. But we were way ahead of our time.

[1] https://github.com/John-Nagle/pasv

[2] https://github.com/John-Nagle/nqthm

[3] https://github.com/John-Nagle/pasv/blob/master/src/work/temp...
> You can’t extract a (meaningful) probability from a single sample no matter how intuitive it seems.

It's possible to get insights from a single sample. Science journals, especially in fields like medicine, do it to talk about atypical case studies. It's a good learning experience, too, when reflecting on the structure and context of those edge cases.
Perhaps the problem is lack of integrity or the fact that these scores are misused to evaluate how good/bad a product is leads to inevitable attempts to manipulate the scores with bad-faith?

Is the problem with the score system itself or the political structure of who gets to set the scores and how? If the former then you have a very good point.
Some of California’s Most Famous Wines Came from a Science Experiment
I would assume that most of downvoters know this. They are not downvoting because they think you are factually wrong, they are downvoting because your comment was just pedantic and doesn't add anything to the conversation.
It would be interesting to learn a little bit more about what this means. X86 "supports recursion" in the sense that it has a stack and the push, call, ret, syscall, etc. instructions make use of it.
Its nice to have the choice, but sometimes following a "ritual" is nice. We're trained to appreciate things that we have to work hard to get.
"Panspermia itself is a hypothesis. Panspermia from Mars specifically is a huge stretch."

I think "from Mars specifically" is something that requires evidence to treat as likely.

However, I don't think "Earth is the unique place where life originated" should be the default assumption according to Occam's razor. Nothing nearby is anything like Earth on the surface, but it's not speculation that there were billions of years and unimaginably large amounts of volume for life to develop underground in the rest of the universe, where it's warm and sheltered from radiation. The idea that nothing happened until Earth became "Earth-like" isn't the logical default. Naming the contrary of this far-fetched claim "panspermia" doesn't make it a "thing" that needs a "basis". By analogy, I would say that a creationist claim of humanity originating with Adam and Eve is what needs evidence, not the contrary assumption, that all humans had parents.
Keep in mind a flock of Canada geese can force down airliners. Can the impact break a windshield? Can it deform a prop? Maybe get stuck in the air intake? Will it cause pilot to change course unnecessarily?
Related: organizations that would rather pay cryptolocker ransoms than restore from backups.
In sum: FAA's B4UFLY app database of prohibited sites is incomplete.
> Linn had finally overreached its finances and the project was clearly at risk, but the finalstraw was a Linn delivery driver called Shug. He reversed into Davids Porsche and Ivorunwisely decided that, since the incident had happened on private ground, Linn werentresponsible and wouldnt pay for the repairs. David quit and "chucked all that I had in theway of bits and bobs of hardware into the Forth and Clyde Canal."

Hah!
> Just about any office worker could learn to query a database if that became mainstream

How is Access doing these days?
The entire article makes it sound like Lean is significant step in usability and power over other systems. That seems like an important thing and makes me interested to download it and play with it.

Microsoft Research seems to have done some exciting things with provers over the years - Z3 is another significant program. All under the direction of Leonardo de Moura, notably.
How to Deal with a Cheap Client
Computer science itself doesn't have ethics. It's like saying arithmetic has ethics. My question is why is philosophy including it as if it's part of the framework of computer science. It makes philosophy seem illegitimate.
There are different views, but I like to think of philosophy as mapping the terrain of thought. Most scientists don't think much about the scientific method even though they implicitly apply it, but it's nice every once in a while to step back and reflect on the whole endeavor, and that's where philosophy steps in.

Obviously, the boundaries are blurred. The study of formal logic straddles both Math and Philosophy. Lots of fields were once under the domain of philosophy before they branched out - Leibniz, Descartes, Russell all made important philosophy contributions as well.
This is a broader trend in academia, have seen it happening in life sciences and medicine as well.

It isn’t just about salary. It is more about working conditions and job security. A university can never match private industry on those things, even if it could match the pay.
Plug for Kaniko
> let’s put together funds

Not anymore. Lost opportunity. Brazil had received funds and support since 80's at least with Mitterrand being president of France; and is clearly not working. It seems that Bolsonaro had rejected expressely foreign funding and has insulted some big donors in the last weeks. Some places that had been protected in the past (probably with the help of foreign money) are now being assaulted and declared free game and the main culprit of the actual state of mess, we like it or not, is one man.

I fully agree that Europe must be (and can be) reforested but there are other ecosystems in the place and some of them are valuable and host endemic species that don't live in any other place
String Lengths in Unicode
Hit the stop button on your browser at the right time. After HTML loads and before JS. Really! It’s not hard to time it, just did it on my iPad.

I really wish Google wouldn’t surface paywalled links (coming from a print NYT subscriber for over a decade)
>Depending on who you ask, each certifying body will have their own unique definition that amounts to hundreds of pages of regulations. “Organic” is equally as meaningless and nonsensical as “chemical free”.

That’s not accurate in the United States. All the organic certifying bodies are required to apply the same rules.

>§205.501 General requirements for accreditation.
(a) A private or governmental entity accredited as a certifying agent under this subpart must:

(1) Have sufficient expertise in organic production or handling techniques to fully comply with and implement the terms and conditions of the organic certification program established under the Act and the regulations in this part;

(2) Demonstrate the ability to fully comply with the requirements for accreditation set forth in this subpart;

(3) Carry out the provisions of the Act and the regulations in this part, including the provisions of §§205.402 through 205.406 and §205.670;

[0]https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=d2567878d0b94a88ef...
To be fair much of that reputation comes from back in the day before most tradesman had logos on their vans. Back in the 90's almost every tradesman I knew drove a plain white Ford Transit van.

Source: Grew up in Essex and most of my neighbors were white van men.
A Ms. Tree!
I have similar requirements, except I wanted something on my laptop (well, I could self-host locally too). After about 10 years or so with GnuCash, I started using Ledger-CLI. Both satisfied those requirements...But I wanted to have more control over imports and reports.

As I go about normalizing that in my life, I started writing GUIs to make interaction easier and import helpers to make imports easy. Sometime ago, I packaged all of that into a desktop/laptop app: https://prudent.me
That's an unfair and unrealistic assumption. Industrial farming doesn't use synthetic fertilizer - the 'unsustainable' - because they lack basic accounting knowledge, they do so because they can make more food for less money (or some variation thereof) over reasonable accounting lifetimes. At the risk of invoking the rational market hypothesis, if using 'sustainable' methods were cheaper over the lifetime of the non-sustainable we wouldn't be having this conversation because the sustainable methods would already be in use.

edit: nor is there meaningful capital inertia behind synthetic vs. other fertilization.

To not use synthetic fertilizer, today, would increase food costs today. To run out of synthetic fertilizer e.g. 150 years from now would increase food costs an equal or lesser amount. Potentially lesser as a result of increased time to develop better sustainable methods. Integrating cost over the next e.g. 250 years, it will always be cheaper (better) to use the non-sustainable resources at the time sustainable methods are most expensive (today). Externalities, like global warming aside, as they aren't relevant to the example of fertilizer I was replying to.
Alarmism only discredits the effort to respond to climate change.
Excellent comment. The AAMC and AACOM quite literally fit the definitions of cartels, artificially restricting the supply of medical doctors.

Also, it's the 21st century - why do doctors (more specifically, hospitals) generally work 9-5 M-F? Viruses and bacteria don't take the weekends off. Not to mention when people need to see a specialist, they need to wait weeks or even months for an appointment. Why? It's absurd. With a larger supply of doctors and something like 7am-10pm daily hours, it would result in a massive net benefit to society.
No, they don't give rise to attacks because the lower bound of NP-complete algorithms) is monstrously huge.

People tend to treat P as Omega(n^4) because all the P algorithms they know are. But that's not because P is everywhere that small, it's because larger P algorithms are just as infeasible as O(e^n) in practical computers will ever be for human timespans, as long as you choose a reasonably large N, so they aren't studied much in practice.
The entire intention of the mentioning of the "Nobel winning Economist" is to convey an authority that doesn't exist. I feel anybody relying on this should also have it pointed out that such implied authority is false.
I switched to Todoist after the death of Google Inbox (since I was using my inbox as a to-do list) and surprisingly it was the closest replacement for how I was using Inbox (with browser plugin), even more so than other email clients. I've been really enjoying it.
How many AMD CPU configurations exist? Does a minimal effort require regression testing all of them? On how many benchmarks? How do you know that there aren’t untested potholes in AMD CPUs that you may not be aware of?

In the end, the result of this feature is a performance improvement for some and status quo (no perf regression) for everybody else. It’s a net benefit with no downside in absolute terms.

In addition, it provides a free roadmap for AMD or its users on how to get the same benefit as well.

The potential backlash of enabling this for AMD as well by somebody of Intel (“active sabotage!!!”) is much larger than this tempest in a teacup where AMD is currently missing out on something.
Came her to also offer the translation, which I do not see noted in the article.

I'm guessing it's from the saying “There are those that look at things the way they are, and ask why? I dream of things that never were, and ask why not?”

(Sources suggest George Bernard Shaw said this and he was born in 1856.)

https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7047-there-are-those-that-l...
In my home country every bird/plane collision is a safety incident that needs paperwork with the authorities, no matter how insignificant. Birds are a problem, and so are drones.

Existing European regulation is clear on drone operations: it is just as illegal to put in a restricted airspace without permission as any other man created flying object. You can go to jail over simply violating the airspace, even if no danger was even remotely possible.
That's assuming that batteries would stay the same price while currency inflates.
A single server has many Unix accounts! That’s how all servers worked before the cloud and VMs and containers.

The isolation isn’t perfect, but it’s good enough for good sys admins to manage.

File system permissions work, etc. It's much simpler than the cloud.

For a historical perspective, MS-DOS was a single user OS, while Unix was always multi-user. Windows NT / 2000 / XP was more like Unix since networking (LAN and Internet) became more important.

I still run my blog on shared hosting [1] and it works great. (Several of my posts have been on the HN front page and it always handles the load fine. Including one at the #1 or #2 spot.)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_web_hosting_service

The Twitter pic here is a good analogy for blogs in the cloud:

https://christine.website/blog/the-cult-of-kubernetes-2019-0...
Informally I'd say unlikely,formal analysis? Unknown. It is also likely for APT attackers maintain an inventory of their target's network. The "scan" could very well be an APT actor testing the exploit or using it as a distraction for other attacks. It's best to list what is possible and conclude there isn't enough information to lean either way. Maybe it's just semantics but I believe retroactive analysis should not list attribution without some evidence. Proactive analysis can of course state what attackers are likely to employ specific attacks.
It's a technical problem more than a moral problem. As you observe, it's helpful to have some kind of risk metric that captures the complexity of actual exposures in real systems. But with CVSS, there's so much context you need about why a vulnerability is scored as it is, you might as well just ditch the score and share the context; without the details about how the score was arrived at, your 8+ might just as well be my 1.0.
Same here in the Northeast US. People driving work vehicles seem to be in a huge hurry to get to/from the job. It's especially scary as a pedestrian/cyclist because they're usually very large and fairly old vehicles.
For context, Ethiopia has a population of 105M, and the government's goal was 40 seedlings per 12 hours per participant. Not far fetched at all.
To be fair, football and basketball coaches bring in more money to the school. Paying a teacher more doesn't necessarily equate to more money in the school's pocket.
I read a long-form article recently that explained that when Brazilians slash & burn the forest they'll typically put some cattle on the land simply as a way to lay claim to the land, whether or not they're cattle ranchers, and whether or not they even intend to make use of the land immediately.

This happens even if the person might have had a legitimate claim to the property. That is, they may slash & burn land and put cattle on it because it's simpler as a practical matter than dealing with the bureaucratic formalities of land title in Brazil. If there are cattle both officials and others will normally recognize the claim and leave you alone.

The burden of land title transfer formalities are a problem all across Latin America. When it comes to property law, Continental European Civil Law doesn't work well for developing countries generally, and in particular for securing property rights of the poor. Many scholars have argued that Latin American countries would do better with Common Law-style property law. Doing so in Brazil might help reduce the pressure on the rain forest, at least a little bit.
If somebody doesn't know the answer to their question in advance, which by definition they don't, it's by no means guaranteed they will know a horrible answer when they see it.
Computer Science is pretty different from arithmetic (heck, that's a philosophical question in itself). Looking at the table of contents, he doesn't seem to be saying algorithms or data structures have ethics - but that a lot of recent developments in Computer Science can help us reckon with issues of what constitutes intelligence or autonomy, and the ethical ramifications that follow.
I'm not sure what I'm supposed to learn from this. $5k/mo revenue (not profit) for 3 founders comes out to $20k salary for each assuming $0 in costs, so this is likely not even paying the bills for the founders yet.
The biggest problem in mathematics has never been proving theorems. Mathematics was never focused on proof until the formalization of math became popular approximately 100 years ago. Mathematics is used as a tool to explain the world and to create the least-complex model which predicts the data.

So computers can aid us in verifying our work--but ultimately we aren't interested in determining all the possible logical theorems. Instead, we're only interested in finding the logically valid theorems which serve the above purpose of explaining the patterns in the world concisely.

It's a subtle difference, but for computers to solve that problem requires for them to have a certain understanding of humans and our goals with science.

I think that's more than 10 years out.
Since you have no money or glory in math yet, your better bet is to cash in your leads so you end your life with at least one bit.

Impressively, almost every sentence in your comment was already addressed by the OP linked Twitter thread of warnings.
The lesson here isn't "back up everything" but really is (and has always been) "make sure we can restore the system"

Because backing up is good but totally irrelevant if you don't occasionally use on of those backups to restore back to a good state.

One quick an easy way to test that is to have new developers apply the deploy/restore system to their own machine using a recent backup. (Obviously scrubbed of sensitive info.)

You get a developer online faster, another set of eyes on the process, and validation that it works. It's not perfect but pretty good.
Special Education Awareness
The "authority" of the money originally coming from a different source? Because according to the wikipedia article you linked, that's the main difference.
> "Consumers seem to believe that products cannot become more sustainable without becoming more expensive."

Is mostly true though. Efficient market hypothesis and all, rational people are unsustainable because they view it as the best (economic) choice.[1] As a rule any deviation from the market optimum, in this case towards 'sustainability' will introduce inefficiencies and make things more expensive, even adjusting e.g. taxes to correctly account for externalities will make items more expensive (but make the system more efficient as a whole).

[1]They of course may be wrong.
Multiplication can have a number of meanings, but there are two important ones:

- multiplication as function composition, eg the product of two matrices is the linear transform obtained by applying the right matrix and then the left (onto a column vector)

- multiplication as “the operation that distributes over addition” — in the theory of rings and algebras, if you have one operator “+” which forms an abelian group, then any operator “•” such that (a+b)•(c+d) = ac+ad+bc+bd for all a,b,c,d then you have a ring (if • is associative) or an algebra (otherwise) and you can apply all kinds of structure theorems.

This is very oversimplified but it’s important to remember that you can multiply lots of things which don’t look like integers at all.
Remember Matt's Script Archive? That was all Perl and covered a lot of the hit counter, contact/guestbook and forum software pre-PHP.

My first website back in `96 also had some compiled C via cgi. No database. I've said this before but using compiled Go with the web brought back memories of those good old days.

I spent about 4 years doing classic ASP before .Net arrived and had a hand in building a lot of big sites some of which still exist (and still use ASP): Most corporate jobs seemed to use the Microsoft stack then (or Java), where PHP was the what you did on the side because it didn't require server licensing.
Because the government completely distorted the market.

Normal people would be ashamed of that situation.
You can ride a bike without a license but you still have to follow the rules of the road. Same for a drone. You don't need a license but you have to follow the rules of the air.
Links are GET requests; you do not "do things" on GET requests.
Wouldn't it be cheaper to hand out more tenure, or at least eliminate adjunct and ensure that everyone has at least health insurance? As a start?
The other unsolved problems at frightening as well, insofar as such an informal emotional word has any consensus meaning, perhaps "if I had funding to spend my whole life on this problem, there's a god chance I'd make very little progress."
8,804 Pulse Secure VPN servers remain vulnerable to CVE-2019-11510
There's no reason they would have to be digital - Laserdisc was pure analog (until later discs added digital stereo sound)
Football and basketball coaches likely help the school lose money. Almost zero US college sports programs are profitable[1].

Also, since when does a university have to justify its teaching quality by its profitability? That's the reason the school exists and why it has non-profit status...

1. http://www.ncaa.org/about/resources/media-center/news/athlet...
Sorry, I wasn't clear. Each stage is an evolution of policy. Once people rely on UBI and don't have easily accessible alternative options, those who control UBI can corrupt it to control those who depend on it.

We have seen this happen, generally with good intentions, in Federal funding for roads and such.

I'm not saying this course of events is inevitable, only that it is very possible to imagine. Particularly now, as many of our enshrined institutions are being corroded.