skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> it seems like the jury is still out on how much better they actually are than cigarettes

No. IT IS NOT. You have been mislead.

Unfortunately, for whatever reason, there is currently a lot of FUD and propaganda surrounding vaping. Perhaps due to the term "e-cigarette"?

Other than artificial flavors, the major constituents in the liquid are what I listed above - propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and nicotine. Only nicotine has significant documented health effects (at least that I am aware of), and even that's almost entirely down to it being addictive.

Bear in mind that I'm comparing this to smoking weed or drinking alcohol - both extremely common pastimes throughout the world, and both clearly more harmful than vaping. Anyone trying to scare you off of vaping while not worrying about those other two activities is out of touch with reality.

Of course, abstaining from all of those would be the best advice as far as your long term health is concerned.
It's not necessarily an admission of guilt. If the investigation is about negligence, and trying to establish whether it was intentional or not, it is a very grey line and it is understandable that the pilot would be defensive.
Is it Erlang-specific, or it is possible to use those principles with other technologies?
I'd be interested in the article.
Humble bragging est' 1983.
It's not sufficient to use code points right? Some characters, for instance your example of the black thumbs up emoji, are grapheme clusters [1] composed of multiple code points. I think you have to iterate in grapheme clusters and convert that back to an offset in the original underlying encoding.

If you just rely on code points you risk splitting up a grapheme cluster into (in your example) two graphemes, one in each sub-string, the left representing "black" and the right representing "thumbs up." Further, you actually need to utilize one of the unicode normalization forms to perform meaningful operations like comparison or sorting.

This is one thing Rust's string API gets right, allowing you to iterate over a string as UTF-8 bytes in constant time -- and, by walking, your choice of codepoints and (currently unstable, or in the unicode-segmentation crate) grapheme clusters. Even that though is a partial solution. [2]

Definitely a tough problem!

[1] https://mathias.gaunard.com/unicode/doc/html/unicode/introdu...

[2] https://internals.rust-lang.org/t/support-for-grapheme-clust...
A clear winner for me: The Odyssey by Homer.
"Lean doesn't even use one of the most obvious things that make interactive proof systems far more usable - a declarative mode instead of the usual tactics-based scripts."

Citation needed. I can make a perfectly reasonable Isar-style declarative proof in Lean. Just because most users of Lean choose not to do this doesn't mean it can't be done. I should mention that users are more willing to write imperative proof code instead of declarative in Lean is because 1) the interactive debugger is responsive and easy to use, and 2) writing a nicely structured declarative proof is more work than an imperative proof.
WWII didn't happen "because one party was cheating." Everybody knew that Hitler was building the huge army. The West allowed him to do that for years because they believed it won't affect not them but only that "other" land that they didn't like.
I was thinking of doing the same thing. How much in average do you pay per month?
It was announced in 2014 that the sunset day would be further extended to 2020. The original sunset date was 2015, announced in 2008.

That's more than 10 years ago that the intention to sunset python2 at a specific date was announced.

Anybody who, after 2008, started new, serious python2 projects that were supposed to have a life expectancy beyond a few years was rather "optimistic", and anybody who did after 2015 was almost callous, especially if you "played" with other people's money.
Course on Malware Analysis
What a surprise that the author likes this emperor - he’s a small government republican!
Emerging SEO Trends You Should Know
This is going to sound weird, but...

I remember your comment from four years ago (!) [0] and it really stuck with me. However, I could never find the thread, so when I saw this thread, I simply had to check if you wrote a comment again; and here we are! I recently began reading it and is really enjoying it. Thanks for the recommendation!

[0]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=12245036
is 2019 the year of the Linux desktop?
Maybe now the Android AOSP build scripts will be updated to python3....
That pattern would indeed match a quoted string. I don't see how it would matter if the quoted string contains something like "<input". It can contain anything except a quote character.
>The idea feels completely unnatural to me

The idea of skydiving feels completely unnatural to me.

But like with many other things - this is mostly because I haven't been there even once.
Exactly my point. Most modern emojis cannot rely on pure codepoints to be extracted.
I would hardly describe a conflict involving a total of 6 adult male lions a "war".
I mean, you could use Isabelle/HOL to analyse a passage of Shakespeare, and if done correctly you could probably publish it in CS. If I'm not mistaken, it has been done for legal texts.

I haven't read the relevant part of the book yet, but it seems like he's using the Ethics of AI as an example for exactly how Ethics can be relevant to the field of Computer Science, and also as an example on how philosophers actually work.

In a course called "Philosophy of Computer Science", this seems quite reasonable.
Elsewhere, Nelson has stated that despite the labels Mathematicians use to describe themselves (Platonist, Formalists, Intuitionist) they still seem to have the uncanny ability to agree on the correctness of any particular piece of work, despite their philosophical differences.

I am sure there is a lesson in there somewhere ;)

Biased hint: distributed consensus.
Yellow Fever outbreak, recruitment of doctors
While I agree to certain extent, you still have these things in different shapes and sizes. Startup teams are a tight knit community in my experience, but as it scales, these aspects start to show their heads.
Seems a bit secretive, typical examples of the newsletter would allow to much better judge whether this is for me.
Once the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) consolidates control, this is what HK protesters have to look forward to:

https://chinatribunal.com/final-judgement-report/
that would be amazing :)
A masterpiece to live through the ages. The first time I read it I was impressed that I could read something as long in such a short time.
The transition to python 3 from 2 was rough I’ll give you that. But companies and maintainers have had years and years to either fork and port or altogether rewrite their code for python 3 — the only python that matters.

I liked the stance the post took: it was very matter-of-fact in its tone regarding python 2 support — consultants are there for that and they will charge a mint to give you time you should have taken to move your codebase to python 3.
Do you have any solid RCTs or meta analysis you could point me to about how much better they are than cigarettes?

Agreed, there's a lot of FUD, but a lot of it is coming from sources that give me a lot of hesitation to doubt (lots of public health leaders, tobacco control groups, WHO people)

I understand alcohol or weed is more harmful than vaping, I'm personally just interested in cigarettes as that seems to be the replacement part, I'm not sure someone would quit drinking or smoking weed and replace with vaping

Edit: I know you pointed me to a solid report in an earlier comment, any additional ones? There are huge numbers of reports on tobacco in general and it's easy to find 1 or 2 reports reflecting one opinion or another
A solid contender for the title "best book of the 19th century".

Together with Madame Bovary.

Which wins, IMHO. But still: great book.
So they are sun-setting it 12 years after having introduced its replacement.

I think there is a parallel with the .net Framework. .Net core is a similar breaking change (not the syntax of the language but very much so in term of core libraries and project types). I wouldn't be surprised if .Net full followed a similar timeline.
To add to this, I found these resources great:

1. https://blog.samaltman.com/how-to-hire

2. https://startupclass.samaltman.com/courses/lec02/
Does an F-Droid release mean Proton will finally remove their GSF dependencies?
In 2015, there was no way I could have moved to Python 3. There were too many libraries I depended on that hadn't ported yet.

In 2019, I feel pretty confident about using Python 3, having used it exclusively for about 18 months now.

For my personal use case at least, this timeline worked out well for me. Hopefully it works out for most everyone. I can't imagine they made this decision without at least some data backing it up.
Great to see this. Well said Justin. Love Laravel and it’s ecosystem. Also: almost 20 years ago I played session guitar for you. Great days! Hope you’re well. PG
Tongue in cheek comment; C was released 47 years ago and is still supported... but then again, that shows a very different philosophy between system languages and scripting languages.
Every now and then a language like no other pops up: it's use is unusual and unusually long. Various biblical languages come to mind: Latin, Church Slavonic, Hebrew at one point. These languages are feature complete, and the fact that they didn't change was their main appeal.

I've always thought Python 2 might be headed for the languages. Which is fine, it's great to have a programming equivalent of Latin.
Succinct datastructures (mentioned in the article) are used for storing graphs, using a similar principle. Popcount and its count leading/trailing zeroes siblings are used heavily in those rank/select datastructures. His link to it is worth a read.
> Hanzi are logographs, not a syllabary.

This is like saying English is written with logographs, not an alphabet. Kanji are logographs and not a syllabary. Hanzi are closer to being a syllabary than they are to being logographs. The sound is the primary concept.

Obviously, the characters do convey considerably more than just phonetic information. But phonetic information is the first and most important thing they carry.
Anything by Oscar Wilde.
And that's how the temp agency was invented
> A true audiophile I see, anything consumer-grade is "garbage" in order to justify the purchase of ridiculously overpriced equipment.

Actually I'm rather fond of the $80 SDAC and it stands tall among other, more expensive stuff I have (I'm listening to it as type this in fact). It's miles ahead of any CD player DAC. Seriously, a CD transport into a cheap DAC will sound very noticeably better. Admittedly I've only sampled about a dozen or so supposedly good players and eventually lost interest so it's not a big sample pool.

I'm with you in that I also agree that it's dumb how most amplitude-signal DACs market "32bit/768khz" despite that sample rate being effectively useless and the noise floor in DS chips being at around ~20 bits worth of resolution and that's a best case scenario.

edit: honestly when it comes to amps and dacs, in my experience, there is no spec or measurement that correlates with how good it sounds so with those I pretty much gave up on anything other than my ears.
What accountability are we talking about? As written it seems like we were talking about legal accountability.
Efficient Fail-Fast Dynamic Subtype Checking [pdf]
I know nothing about this topic. But saw this book once and made me excited about compilers. Maybe one day I'll go for it: https://compilerbook.com
`jq` is great. Initially, I started with excel, which I exported as csv, which using `jq` I converted to JSON.

Why json and not csv? Strictier parsing by javascript.
Likely the case. A lot of foot dragging took place. By five years ago most things of use were py3, conversion was easier than ever (and easy enough).

More importantly, it would have stopped piles and piles of bleakly futured py2 codebases being written. That people were still writing new py2 code five years ago is terrible, and the long sunset is certainly greatly at fault here.

That people are still writing new py2 code now is just criminal.
Git Workflow Etiquette
Agreed, any strong typed AOT/JIT compiled language should do the job.

As for systems programming, I would argue that Rust still isn't an alternative to C++ in several deployment scenarios that many of us care about, although it should eventually get there.
"However, each of the compromised websites are banned by the great firewall in China, leaving largely only those outside of the country as targets and potential victims."

China is targeting Uighurs that have moved out of China: the "Uighur diaspora".

When you smell bullshit, always double check your assumptions, sometimes the smell is coming from nearer than you might think!
That's why it's called an exploit
You're misinterpreting your source.

Putting aside the qualifiers that the dataset[0] is specific to cities with population above 100K and that it's a decade old, the counts include Hispanics and whites together, which is obvious from Laredo, Corpus Christi, and El Paso all being in the top 8.

In other words, using your source, Boise is all of 1.3 percentage points whiter than Laredo, Texas.

[0] https://www.indexmundi.com/facts/united-states/quick-facts/c...
When you take the JoyCons off, the form factor of the screen unit is essentially a slightly bulky phablet.
I don't think so. Five years ago a lot of the community wasn't ready and it probably would have resulted in the community splitting in two.

Now many important libraries have already moved to being Python 3 making the whole Python 2 ecosystem feel frozen.
I was Googling “HostGator Python 3” and found you said the same thing last year on HN:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16808998

We knew in April 2014 that Python 2 was EOL in 2020.
I'm very interested in answers to this question as well. I'm working near this space and have a lot of thoughts on what such a service would need to be successful, at least for image tasks. I think it could offer real value to the work forces that complete data labeling tasks, cutting out middleman companies with worker-owned labeling and marketplace software tools.
Is it? I did not know, sorry.
... I'm sorry, but wouldn't the Latin equivalent be C... given Python is written in it, and most languages syntax is born from it.

Python is more like the English language... it's borrowed a bunch of stuff from many different languages and isn't even compatible with itself ;) (2 vs 3).

I mean, this is assuming with thing spoken languages are even at all similar to programming languages... which I don't think they are.
Latin is getting new words all the time. The Vatican is the official maintainer. Sometimes it gets grammar tweaks too.

Hebrew was completely replaced with modern Hebrew and gets new changes constantly.
I'm starting to move off the Google ecosystem. Got an iPhone, using duckduckgo, moved to Firefox (which is much better). Currently looking for a replacement for Gmail, willing to pay.

A lot of their products are becoming poor quality - hangouts, Docs, Chrome are all sluggish. Google itself is a great website, but they're not too far ahead of Bing or DDG.
.Net 5 will be reuniting the brands (Though based on .net core). So the Core brand will be discontinued. Read more about it here:
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/net-core-is-the-future...
I bet someone does, but good luck fighting all the missing tooling and SDK support.
Don't, freezing the global trade is dangerous. It was one of the causes of the German debt crisis and the rise of Hitler.

Trade tools are incredibly effective in foreign policy and therefore seem very appealing to people in power but also too often ended up badly for the world when deployed. Know the history.
Well the ROS wiki says otherwise: http://wiki.ros.org/UsingPython3
No, just that you only want to expand the encoded string into Unicode wide bytes for certain operations and you want to pay that price only on demand.

The article also explains how internally this is an optimization the Python interpreter actually does.
It is not really about endianness. The instruction reverses bits not bytes. IIRC is needed as a required step of FFT.
Many systems still run COBOL today

The latest official COBOL spec is COBOL 2014 and there are at least two or three competing companies out there that will happily sell you up to date COBOL tools and compilers. So while COBOL may be old, there are still new 'exciting' things happening in the COBOL space.
Touch ID never worked well for me, Face ID is way better. I keep getting confused on my Mac when things don't magically unlock like they do on the phone and then I have to remember I have to hit the Touch ID sensor.

And rumors are the new phones will have a wider-angle lens and IR projector to make it work better at more awkward angles (e.g. on a table)
Dashboards Can Improve Team Performance
Not really. :-)

ANSI C is very different to the whole pre-ANSI zoo of C-like languages. Most of the code I saw from that age would never compile on modern post-ANSI compilers.
Vaping is great!

Take someone who smokes two packs a day, give him a niccotine vape, and he gets all the 'high' he needs to fuel his addiciton, with (by some sources) only 10% of the "bad things" going in his lungs (compared to cigarettes). Less coughing, easier to reduce the dosage (just buy a liquid with less nicotine - you still keep your rutine and cigarette breaks, but slowly lower your addiction level).

...but...

Then youtubers with smoke challenges come, and tutti frutti bubblegum pina colada reeses pieces flavoured liquids come... and 13yo kids (that would never have smoked otherwise) start buying vapes. And not just any 'normal' vapes (that the people from the top of this post use), but the ones with very high power heating elements, producing HUGE amounts of smoke (for the youtube likes), and making the "bad stuff" intake into lungs comparable to actually smoking 2+ packs of cigarettes.

...and now, when even that's not enough, someone's selling some "special" (or just really shitty, but really cheap) e-liquids, that make you sick.
During yellow vest protests, we've seen thing as violent, and France is not China...
touché :)
Which is one of many reasons to outsource, so you can't be held accountable...
It helps working for big corps.

The job might not be as interessing as riding every tech wave, but on the plus side there are plenty of tech waves that you save yourself from riding on.

Plus one gets to rescue projects that ended up betting on the wrong waves, getting back to boring old tech.
> But Python's strings are not UTF-32

The article says "Python 3 strings have (guaranteed-valid) UTF-32 semantics" and later argues that the fact that there's a distinction between the semantics and actual storage is a data point against UTF-32.

> they are sequences of Unicode code points, not code units in some encoding

They are sequences of _scalar values_ (all scalar values are code points but surrogate code points are not scalar values). Exposing the scalar value length and exposing indexability by scalar value index is the same as "(guaranteed-valid) UTF-32 semantics".

Note that e.g. Rust strings are conceptually sequences of scalar values, and you can iterate over them as such, but they don't provide indexing by scalar value or expose the scalar value length without iteration.

JavaScript strings, on the other hand, are conceptually sequences of code points.

> I don't remember how they're stored internally

The article say how they are stored...
Only for paying customers, general support will end in 2023.
COBOL has an upgraded version?

Latest version of the COBOL standard is COBOL 2014 (AKA the same year python 3.4 was released).
That's not really a fair comparison. Python 2 probably _will_ be supported for decades to come, just not necessarily by the PSF. I'm sure that 99% of people and organizations supporting C 40 years ago do _not_ support C today.
If vaping is that deadly then fog machines should be killing people all over the place. It's the same technology.

The only time vaping causes more harm than smoking is when people use dangerous solvents (eg: not propylene glycol) or when batteries explode.
With the sunset date passing, Python 2 is going to become a niche while still having a massive install base.

There's a lot of money to be made doing migrations and keeping the beast itself alive.
You could say that to pretty much any technical abstraction though.
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There's lots of discussion on the accountability question from the last Bloomberg expose of Apple's subcontracting practices-

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19133586
James Fallows is not a "professional historian", he's a journalist. Go ahead and argue with him; this is a very confused and silly article.
The battle has not over yet.
RHEL 8 has Python 2.7 in their Application Streams.
So looks like Red Hat will provide security updates until Jun 2024
https://access.redhat.com/node/4079021
generally, popcnt is useful to implement the Jaccard Distance [1]:

J(X,Y) = |X∩Y| / |X∪Y|

So, implementing the sets X and Y as bitsets it becomes:

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index

J(X,Y) = popcnt(X&Y) / popcnt(X|Y)
Interestingly, in many use cases all these "lengths" agree. For example an empty string is 0 in all these measures, and fuzzy metrics like "unreasonably long password" work equally well with "500 normalized characters" "500 bytes" "1000px at font size 8" etc.

The problems only arise when taking about "a string of length 20" which indeed has a strong smell
> That's really the only way to get to the root of this, but it can't be financial penalties to Apple. That would create perverse incentives and moral hazard.

I don't follow. What perverse incentives and moral hazard?
No, but not providing an export button increases the chance they'll tell you.
Maybe the idea is that the senior engineer here should collaborate on what that bar is.
The problem might be that 10-100 million people isn't enough to maintain the level of technology or keep it in control. Now we have 7.7 billion people and we can barely keep important software secure. I think we are still way too dependent on a very few exceptional people.

Everything depends on whether the machines can fix and improve themselves, and do we want to give them that level of independence. If they're independent, I'm not sure if they would want to keep us alive.

I think we should aim for as many people as possible, but currently it seems a lost cause.
> Foxconn operates the plants, so what is the mechanism for incentivising them to comply?

Presumably the rule of law, and penalties under Chinese law. The issue here is that the rule of law and punishment are both fairly lax in China.