skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Before writing was commonplace, students would memorise works like the Odyssey and Iliad.

Before calculators, students would memorise times tables.

Before Google, students would need to learn about the world.

Before Siri, students would need to learn how to write well enough for Google to interpret their questions.

A few more iterations and no-one will need to think, we can just be shipped around in mobility scooters like in Wall-E. If a machine can make better decisions, why should we even have the right to decide anything?

Sure, that's an extreme position, but this is partly where the concern over writing came from - as new ways of processing, storing, and exchanging information arise we lose some of the old (and more human) ways.
Apple stuff lasts, this is not an Apple issue, any of those phones would have been good for several years. I'm only my 3rd iPhone in 9 years (soon to replace it though). Also 3rd iPad in 9 years. My Macbook Air is from 2012. Apple do software updates going quite far back. A lot of Apple's hardware looks exactly the same from generation to generation, so even if you updated, how would anyone know? If customers want to chop and change that's on them, Apple is not forcing it really.
P-values are a sub-optimal but okay-ish of quantifying a Popperian hypothesis (a designed-to-be-refutable conjecture). The mathematics is not the problem, the problem is carving science (which in my view (and Quine's and others's) is pretty much defined by the unity of science) in testable morcels.

None of the great achievements of science (Newton, Darwin, Mendeleyev, etc.) were obtained on the basis of Popperian demarcationism/conjectures-and-refutations -- they were obtained by positing a large framework and patching together the empirical case for it.
announcement from verizon / automattic https://www.verizon.com/about/news/verizon-media-announces-s...
Related, about p-values:

> Here's the problem in a nutshell: If you run 1000 experiments over the course of your career, and you get a significant effect (p < .05) in 95 of those experiments, you might expect that 5% of these 95 significant effects would be false positives. However, as an example shown later in this blog will show, the actual false positive rate may be 47%.

> […] However, this is a statement about what happens when the null hypothesis is actually true. In real research, we don't know whether the null hypothesis is actually true. If we knew that, we wouldn't need any statistics! In real research, we have a p value, and we want to know whether we should accept or reject the null hypothesis. The probability of a false positive in that situation is not the same as the probability of a false positive when the null hypothesis is true. It can be way higher.

https://lucklab.ucdavis.edu/blog/2018/4/19/why-i-lost-faith-...

> Here's a more simple thought experiment that gets across the point of why p(null | significant effect) /= p(significant effect | null), and why p-values are flawed as stated in the post.

> Imagine a society where scientists are really, really bad at hypothesis generation. In fact, they're so bad that they only test null hypothesis that are true. So in this hypothetical society, the null hypothesis in any scientific experiment ever done is true. But statistically using a p value of 0.05, we'll still reject the null in 5% of experiments. And those experiments will then end up being published in scientific literature. But then this society's scientific literature now only contains false results - literally all published scientific results are false.

> Of course, in real life, we hope that our scientists have better intuition for what is in fact true - that is, we hope that the "prior" probability in Bayes' theorem, p(null), is not 1.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16917158
On the note of "it might not mean what you think it means", I was hoping for a short blurb describing each of the tags. A glossary, maybe?
you too have ignored "it's trivial to change your DoH provider"
... then you get ads served based on that.
Doesn't seem to work with Safari on an iPhone. I couldn't get past the party after I selected my character.

Anyone have luck with it?
And this is worth noting:

> These runtime checks[1] are costly, both in terms of program size and execution time. It may be appropriate to remove them if we can statically ensure they aren't needed at runtime, in other words if we can prove that the condition tested for can never occur.

> This is where the analysis done by GNATprove comes in. It can be used to demonstrate statically that none of these errors can ever occur at runtime. Specifically, GNATprove logically interprets the meaning of every instruction in the program. Using this interpretation, GNATprove generates a logical formula called a verification condition for each check that would otherwise be required by the Ada (and hence SPARK) language.

[1] overflow check, index check, range check, divide by zero

---

So again, I do not see why Rust would shine (as some people suggested) here, Ada/SPARK can statically ensure that your program is correct and eliminate all sorts of runtime errors, including overflow.
No. The browser has no business in selecting DNS servers; it is a system-wide setting and it should ask the operating system to resolve names.

How the operating system resolves names, is up to it. It could use tcp-over-pigeons, if the sysadmin configured it so, and no application should be working around that.

If you want to use DoH with Cloudflare, you are free to configure your system to do so. You will also get consistency, all your apps will use the same system, not just the browser. Let the others to have their systems configured as it suits them.
In the Netherlands, a group of scientists is working on feeding 11 billion
Please do not allow people to call SMS 2FA. For it to be 2FA, it must be: something I know alone, something I possess alone, something I am alone. Otherwise, it's just another account identifier (and likely spoof-able). SMS and phone numbers are none of these.

In same vein, I wish security questions would die in a fire. Always treat them like additional passwords: use nonsensical words and store them in your password manager.
I tried NextDns but it's extremely slow for me. (I live in central Europe.)
Article has nothing to do with “REST”.

Thankfully so, because 110% of what is written about “REST APIs” is an absolute bag of shit. #OxyMoron
I imagine (just thinking out loud randomly, I'm sure there's other issues to consider!) one way to mitigate this would be to have a second set of much simpler software (written in a different language, perhaps running on a different platform) whose only runtime job is to sit in the communications path from the primary software to the avionics hardware and monitor the outputs of the primary software and ensure the values and/or rate-of-change in certain values are within some physics-based sanity limits before they hit the hardware. It could be responsible for rebooting the primary software and holding the last-known-good output values (for the consuming avionics) while the reboot happens (hopefully quickly!). Of course then who watches the watcher, and you've added more things in the critical path which can have their own failure modes...
I don't think it's about the cost. It's about the quality.

A typical dwelling in the city costs about the same as a typical dwelling in suburbs. The city dwelling will be a two-bedroom flat with a homeless guy sleeping outside; the suburban one will be a four bedroom house with a backyard and a pool.
Giving Up Meat Won’t Have Much of an Effect on Climate Change
I hope to see a solution from Mozilla, is it known why they choose DoH with Cloudflare? It seems a bit strange from a company always focused on OSS.
Make it random then.
In India it's not just that these digital services are at stake due to SMS OTP, entire banking security, Tax filing to Aadhaar (UID containing all data of an Indian Citizen) relies upon SMS OTP.

SIM swapping attacks could have devastating effects on the lives of the people here.
To be fair, this only happens due to programming bugs on the website. You can easily store the scroll position in the HTML5 pushstate API. The big websites like Twitter and Facebook get this right.
Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representations
God, I hope so. If I see the term "full-time freelance position" in a job description one more time I am going to lose my shit.
The change is only being rolled out to the US.
Of course it is relevant. They claim US government has access to all the logs, this is simply not true.
_Fascism_: political ideology and mass movement. The name comes from the Latin word fasces, a bundle of elm or birch rods (usually containing an axe) used as a symbol of penal authority in ancient Rome. Although fascist parties and movements differed significantly from one another, they had many characteristics in common, including extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a Volksgemeinschaft (German: “people’s community”), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation.

If anything fascist states want their citizens to get more children, not fewer. More children means more workers, more soldiers, more future mothers for yet even more children, all to propel the State (with a capital 'S') to greater heights.
> Singling out California for not taking the unprecedented step of rolling out single-payer alone--which is a difficult proposition to say the least in a country that guarantees freedom of movement--is bizarre.

Given their political support of illegal immigration, I don't think it's bizarre at all.

They're among the richest, left-wing states in the country. Relative to other states, there's absolutely no shortage of political support or money. If they can't handle implementing their own utopian health care system, I don't know why any of us should trust that it can be done well at a federal level.
> The fact that cloudflare is a US entity and thus not subject to UK law is the whole point.

As a fellow citizen of a Five Eyes country, I assume that if any of those 5 have info about me that one of the other four wants it won't even be a question of paperwork for it to be shared.
Well, if the user has configured their router to use their preferered DNS provider, and this is enabled, and they don't realise, then as far they are concerned all their requests are going via that provider, when in fact they are going out somewhere else.

That seems pretty shady to me
I want to address #2.

I disagree. It has become common for the OS to handle DNS globally. This can provide nice cache efficiency/centralized configuration benefits. But it is also much less flexible and unlike e.g. the OS's Certificate Authority Registry there's no update/revocation benefits.

DNS over HTTPS being configurable in the browser gives us more flexibility. For example you want to AdBlock but not risk breaking OS Updates, you want to split-tunnel a VPN connection then pick which resolver for the browser, or you even want to use a different non-"internet"/non-ICANN network only in a single browser/instance you now can. That's powerful.

DNS by the OS is common in 2019. But saying it "should" without explanation isn't a strong argument except towards the status quo.

PS - If you think of a web browser like an "app ecosystem" this line of thinking makes a heck of a lot of sense. The OS is just a host for a sub-"OS" ecosystem. There's a reason browsers already have their own configuration for e.g. web cams, microphones, sound/mute, language, 3D acceleration, and security that already end-run around what the OS is trying to dictate.
Once you open the plastic outside the box (not even the box itself) you can't return it for free, it might have been compromised in some way. Its value is automatically cut in half in the store's eyes.
You think that Apple isn't working on putting the camera array required for FaceId under the screen? Of course they are. The problem is that it's the whole sensor array that has to go under the screen. Is that workable? Possibly, but I'm not a hardware engineer.
with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO;
with Ada.Integer_Text_IO; use Ada.Integer_Text_IO;

...

PutLine(num);

As far as I can tell, Ada has had Integer_Text_IO that does that all for you, since the early days. [0] (Note that the reference is the first "public" release of Ada outside of the DOD).

[0] https://www.adahome.com/LRM/83/RM/rm83html/lrm-14-03.html#14... (Ada 83 Manual)
Someone know a good 2.4/5.0 GHz wifi adapter for these kind of things?
> This is especially true in the country the author appears to be based (Germany).

Of all the governments to worry about, the ones in the EU (as well as US, CA, AU, NZ), are the ones I'd least be concerned with, relatively speaking.

They're enabling this in the US, and yet even with all its problems, it's the one country that the average web surfer would have to worry least about when visiting "inappropriate" sites.

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_641A

> DoH is vital to protect users around the world from censorship and worse.

Great. Then enable it in countries where it's actually a problem. As a Canadian I do not feel a need for this, and I worry about Cloudflare getting an NSL more than I worry about CSIS/RCMP tapping glass.

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security_letter
It will actually not be used anymore, because firefox avoids your local DoH setup.
Thanks for the in-depth explanation. My reaction has maybe been a bit knee-jerk, it's not like this is a major annoyance. The attack scenario is quite convoluted with needing both access to the account and a phishing attack for the one-time key, but I suppose it is plausible. At the same time this does open users to new attack vectors though, especially with SMS.
> most of Western Europe also has a pro-EU majority at the moment.

Depends a lot on how you ask the question. The pro-EU governments are working to turn EU into a superstate. The great majority of people don’t want that.

But thanks to the big visible benefits, like not having to change money, show your passport and pay roaming fees when going on vacation, most people still have a generally favorable opinion of EU, that lets them get away with their vision of the "ever closer union", despite the lack of democratic support of it.

It’s a common problem of indirect democracy. People really care about issue A and B, and elect politicians that align with them on those issues. Those politicians then have a free hand to go against the will of the people on everything else, leading to lots and lots of things happening without a democratic mandate.

If you only get one vote every 4-5 years, it’s almost impossible to make that vote count for all the decisions that’ll need to be made in between.
I would guess very few, since driving requires a smartphone, a license, a vehicle, and a bank account.

Its possible to work around these, of course, but the numbers must be small.
That sounds extremely interesting. I’d love to hear more details about this — e.g. Where do you live? How did you arrive at the decision to go this route? How did you even know it was an option? Is this common in your area/anywhere?

I’ve never heard of doing it this way. And that price would be cheaper than my deductible, hah!
> The correct way would be to standardise DoH and DoT and add support into it into automatic address configurations and operating systems.

This is beside the point. Mozilla make a browser. They don't make the address resolution code for the underlying operating system. Operating system vendors are of course going to start to support DNS-over-https.

You can disable dns-over-https if you don't want it enabled. Just go to about:config and set network.trr.mode. to 5
> I'd rather trust unecncrypted plaintext DNS queries that go to my ISP and government!

Your ISP has access to more detailed data on you than DNS queries. Also CF servers are typically located in the same jurisdiction as your government and send unencrypted DNS queries from there. Now instead of dealing with every ISP your government has to deal with just one company in one location, no need to even ask that company anything, just come in and setup mirroring point, very convenient for the government, not very good for you.
Are there any GDPR compliant entities there? Preferably some company/organization from Europe?
The default (which the majority of people will be using) is not Google, it's their ISP. And in the vast majority of cases, their ISP is under the jurisdiction of their country, while Google and Cloudflare have to obey the laws of a foreign country. Said foreign country might one day decide that for instance Google and Cloudflare now have to log the IP address of everyone who does a DNS lookup for news.ycombinator.com, even if the laws in the user's country forbid it.
So the iPhone and iPad line-up look fine to me. Nothing exciting, but it doesn't have to be if you are upgrading every 2-3 years and you are a fan of Apple's tight integration of software and hardware.

The most worrying is the state of the App Store, a graveyard of abandoned apps and games. Apple Arcade looks like it will be such a missed opportunity. Why can I not develop full-fledged iPad apps on my iPad Pro?

The App Store used to be part of reviews of Apple's mobile devices, often giving it the edge over Android. Why is it not anymore?
I don't think he's ever going to come back to the US. He would be arrested on the spot.
You're wrong IMHO.

I used to read a rotating selection of the guardian, the independent and the telegraph when I still bought a newspaper in the 2000s. I now mainly read the guardian and occasionally scan the BBC, telegraph, ft, fox news and CNN.

Putting aside opinion pieces, the guardian has moved from hard left, to left of the centre, in its reporting. You just don't get the sort of bombastic, hard left, 'news' articles some of their old reporters used to write in the print version.

I would say they often had pretty biased reporting back in the print days, but not now.

The telegraph website has moved from centre right to hard right. The independent website hurts my eyes last I checked with ads, ads, ads, videos, videos, videos, which is a shame as I loved that paper.

Personally I'm nervous of the guardian having so much power now (and some semi-stable funding from a trust), but they're being pretty responsible with it.
That night photo difference looks a lot better as one example in the landing page. Would that not be a noticeable difference?
Corporations concerned about that should be blocking DoH anyway
It does matter. Here's why:

Uber agrees to pay X rate currently to drivers. A law is passed that makes X rate even more unprofitable.

Uber then engages the services of an external company which provides labor at a lower rate, fires all of the current Uber drivers, and encourages them to work for the new external company.

The external company, if sued, does not have the resources that Uber has, and simply goes bankrupt. The drivers are encouraged to work for yet another new company.

This process continues for a while as ride quality and driver satisfaction all suffers. Uber gets to lengthen the runway a bit longer, and either a miracle happens and the company continues operations or some other competitor swallows the market.
500 comment discussion when the deal was originally announced https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20679387 User photomatt with the top comment is the Automattic CEO
I disagree, the apps facilitate their business but Uber and Airbnb aren't in the software development business, as they don't develop software for sale as their primary means of income.
> Pictures from iPhone 11 would be indiscernible to those who see your photos at the other end

I disagree. As an iPhone 8 user even iPhone X pictures are massively improved, not to mention a Huawei P30 or Pixel 3XL... night sight doesn't exist and post-processing by external apps only.
Seems fair to me no one wants to deal with the bureaucracy of employing people or being employed why not out source that to a third party?

The main problem Americans seem to face with gig economy is the lack of health care but thats americas problem you can't blame employers or employees for it.
Most users don't understand DNS, HTTPS, or DoH. I think this decision overall is good, and for those who see and understand the possible issues, it's trivial to remedy.
As per HN guidelines, please don't ask if or insinuate that someone hasn't read the article. It's needlessly inflammatory.
> The correct way would be to standardise DoH and DoT and add support into it into automatic address configurations and operating systems. Not in applications!

You're right. But so are Mozilla.

Here we are 30 years into the web, and we're still using plain old DNS. DNS over TLS should have caught on, but it didn't. Apple and Microsoft had years to ensure it's implemented as standard, but they didn't.

The points this article makes - about DHCP options, about multiple providers, are very valid.

But they're also just talking shops.

The biggest problems here seems to be
1) DHCP can't give internal DOH servers. When I'm at home I want it landing on my own DOH server, but when I'm away I want to use a different one.
2) Internal DNS resolving falls to bits
Yeah, he had a major part in creating the stats discussion that is going on. I doubt that he has missed its point.
Create a Free Personal Web Page for Branding
OpenBSD folks removed it, and they are always right about security, as they were with disabling Intel hyperthreading.
Indeed, type classes as found in languages like Haskell and Rust were first designed as a way to make overloading (aka "ad-hoc polymorphism") work more sensibly, and in a way that plays nice with generics/templates.
Or you could, you know, pay for the news that you want to consume.

"How do I get past the Uber paywall these days?"

See how absurd that sounds?

Pay for the products and services that you consume.
The speed reading fallacy: the case for slow reading
I agree, I hope more resources are spent at lower tier public institutions that also do important research.
I'm going to made a broad assumption. This is the only leverage that device manufacturers have to get people to upgrade. The tablet experience doesn't degrade the same way that phones do.
Because I don't want to have to manage 400 configs when I can manage 1.
Weekly Financial Summaries with Postgres
There's a really good Planet Money podcast on this topic.

Did you know that pre-1980s, antitrust law was used _very_ liberally? There were many documented cases of the book being thrown at tiny companies looking to merge - the book that changed everyone's mind ( The Antitrust Paradox ) lists examples such as a merger between local groceries being denied as one of many great examples of antitrust law getting in the way of healthy competition instead of promoting it.

It seems that for most of the 10th century, antitrust law usage was on one side of the bar being used far too much, and as a reaction it's far too much on the other side - seldom used to the point where most industries are dominated by one or two giants.

It's just bad luck this transition seemed to have happened during a boom period of new industries and extreme growth.
I would imagine most software "contractors" that work for a major company are not 1099 - that carries a bunch of risks. Most "Contractors" are W2 employees of a labor for hire company. That still seems perfectly legal. "Hiring entity" would be Big Staffing Company, your customer would be Big Internet Company.
I don’t think this is about gig worker wages at all. It’s about tax revenue. California has always been a scumbag state.
Interesting to see this from a neighbor of India the land of fonts, regulary in use across the board, such as krutidev and its devanagari.
People can't even align divs properly. I would say AGI is further away than most people think.