skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> The question is what is the primary process driving evolution, and what do we see in the lab.

As far as the "state of the art" is concerned, it's still primarily random mutation and natural selection. I highly doubt that Koonin would disagree on this, by the way.

> Darwinism isn't there, as far as I can tell.

What do you mean by "we don't see it in the lab"? Of course you don't see natural selection in the lab, that's oxymoronic.

We can see randomness in the offspring of, say, lab rats. We can selectively breed them to e.g. make them more susceptible to certain diseases. I'd rather call this Mendelian than Darwinian, but the difference is only in how the selection happens.

What happens in nature over billions of years obviously can't happen in a lab. It's obviously not sensible to use natural selection as a tool when you can just artificially select or even directly manipulate the genome.

> So, why some irrelevant processes are taught as the big guiding mechanisms of evolution is a mystery to me. Darwinism, insofar as it's a major part of evolution, is clearly dead. And with certainty it is dead insofar as it proposed to be #the# fundamental explanation of origin of species, as Darwin originally proposed.

It's not irrelevant at all. Again, the fact that you don't observe the effects of natural selection in lab, or that it isn't useful for bioinformatics doesn't make Darwinism irrelevant as an explanation for the origin of species.

Even if we accept that known processes like HGT or CRISPR aren't Darwinian and that it may have accelerated some evolutionary processes in some of our ancestors, they couldn't be the primary driver of evolution because so far we haven't observed it in any "higher" species beyond bacteria.

If you want to speculate that there are more such processes hitherto unknown, that's fine. That doesn't mean a eulogy for Darwinism is warranted at this time.
The computer restarting was my personal machine at home, running vanilla Pro, no IT policies applied.

The DNS/route not working issue was run up through IT, who checked Group Policy and found nothing they could see that would interfere with it. Not to say they're right, but if they're wrong, maybe it should be easier to use...
I finally ditched SpiderOak for SyncThing about a month ago - and I haven't looked back. It solves all of these issues, I fully host it myself, and I can access everything, exactly the way I want to based on shares.

I have a machine in my office, a shared folder on my mobile, two machines at home, and my wife has her office, and her work laptop. It's everything these things should be, other than the lack of an iOS app for her.
I'm not talking about loading/caching, I'm talking about downloading to watch offline later.
Open to connecting? Would love to exchange insights here and show how we incorporate faculty preferences to see if it could be helpful to your role.

What's the best email to reach you at?
I wonder if the binary download with language information is a protobuf? If so, it should be easy to get a slightly better look at it with one of the various online protobuf decoders, such as this one:

https://protogen.marcgravell.com/decode

https://twitter.com/jonathansampson/status/11654932308903403...
Agreed. I really don't believe the College Board can gain an accurate picture of whatever adversity their test takers have faced based off of the data they collect.
Levandowski still lists his occupation on Linkin as "VP Engineering at Uber ATG".
How the !!@ can that still be true?
Hasn't Uber cut ties with him yet?
That is _exactly_ my point. Using Tableu to track immigrants is really not much different from using Palantir to track them.
>If one views the fetus as part of the mother until some stage of conception, it is even simpler to justify.

Many people only believe that one until you use it to justify things other than abortion. For example the mother can get weird permanent cosmetic body modifications done to her (like, I don't know, getting a finger taken off), but the popular support would probably not be in favor of allowing the mother to get them done to her child in the womb. The best way I can explain what the popular opinion seems to be is as non-existence being neutral, as opposed to unnecessarily messed-up existence which is seen as bad.

This doesn't square with utilitarianism where the difference between 0 and 5 is the same as the difference between -5 and 0, but then again it's not like most people's opinions square with utilitarianism.
>Engineers create wealth. Lawyers and investors just compete to privatize it.

That's a really naive and pretentious opinion
Good startups are about making something that people will love. Not something that solves a global crisis.

Thinking of the latter instead of the former often results in "playing house" ideas that sound like startup ideas but aren't actually. At least this is what happens to me when I follow the thought process you are laying out.
I bought a A1 sized picture frame from a french seller for around $50 on Amazon. It was a total pain getting an affordable frame in A1 size, because the best we can get easily in America is a 24x36" which is just far enough off to be unusable.

I'd talk to some of the mail order frame places. I've used Frame Destination, and while they don't list metric sizes they'll let you spec custom imperial sizes with no premium at 1/16" precision (e.g. 23 5/16" x 33 1/16" is a bit closer). If you call they may be able to properly do metric sizes.
"pure exploitation and abuse" happens to foreign cruise ship workers all the time and is exceptionally well documented.
This is so tiresome.

I posted this to reddit:

I installed my first Linux in 1994, before there was a Linux 1.0. I use Linux to this day on my router and my server.

I have been using Linux as my daily driver 2004-2017.

You can't say I haven't tried.

I maintain anyone advocating to use Linux on a notebook has Stockholm syndrome or more amicably, uses a very narrow set of hardware and services ("plain" wifi, no bluetooth, no printers, no scanners, no Thunderbolt). Windows has a Linux subsystem, use it, it's great.

Your choices include using Ubuntu or a similar system where the six month OS upgrade will break your system so badly you won't be able to work for days. Or you can use Arch where at least the main body of your system will stay alive (most of the time but not always) during rolling upgrades but "insignificant" pieces like MFC devices or bluetooth will break all the time. Mind https://xkcd.com/619/

And if you ever need to work with enterprises, their wifi, their VPN... the company will have an IT helpdesk ready to help with any glitches if you are running Windows or Mac but if you are running Linux? Sucks to be you. And it does suck.

I now have an external GPU via Thunderbolt. I plug in, my monitor plugged into lights up, all my running programs move there. It's a nonevent. So is undocking. How would that work on Linux?? The hot-plugging-an-nVidia-GPU might be supported on paper but I am very happy not to need to configure that and even more not to need to keep that configuration working. And I don't think moving apps from one GPU to the next GPU would just work without an X restart.

Nope. The driver support is so far superior in Windows it's not even funny. Sure the command line sucks but oh well, just use WSL. Use O&O Shutup to kill the controversial reporting back features. Enjoy.

And then I got some answers and I looked up other Thunderbolt uses under Linux and the results... oh my. A quick check shows the Aquantia 10 GbE chipset driver [broke](https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/58174) from 4.15 to 4.16 fixed in 4.17 and then from 4.20 to 5.0 again and there is a patch but the [bug report](https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=202651) is still open (every affordable, single port 10 GbE TB3 adapter utilize this chipset).
More likely on top of the Super Heavy + Starship, but yes. All of Musk's initiatives are centered around the Mars goal:

Tesla: Transportation on Mars and power (battery-tech).

SolarCity: Power on Mars

Boring Company: Automated tunneling, important for building habitats, cheap radiation shielding.

SpaceX: To get there
As a side note, ethics and legality are not the same thing. Something could be legal and still be ethically questionable.
The attack that I believe fwip is concerned about is:

Alice sends an email to Bob and clearsigns the message. Bob, or anyone else who intercepts the email is now able to paste that message into the form and remove Alice's key from the keyserver.

This could be mitigated by requiring it to be a specific message.
This post recommends LTSC because it has been pre-de-crappified (e.e., no Candy Crush pre-installed).

However in January 2020 Microsoft will not support Office 365 (ProPlus?) on LTSC. This is because the 'official' LTSC use case is for things like medical devices, and not "regular" desktops. It's just that many IT sites got tired of the Windows 10 what-a-mole with non-helpful features, phone home stuff, etc, that they went with the cleaner version.

Doing a quick search, it seems people are saying "just buy Office 2019" to square this circle.

Can anyone comment the pro/cons of using Enterprise LTSC or not?
If I refuse to sell you my handmade wallet, so you put up instructions on how to make an exact copy, that would be an equivalent action.

Nobody would call that theft.
It's red-line different to take one's skills and know-how and experiences with you than to copy documents and designs from one's current employer and take them to a new gig, especially at the executive level.
I'm sure you could make a case for a few non-sensitive emails – but I think what you're talking about might be a civil or even a criminal offence (depending on where you live and the relevant jurisdiction), as the work and communications records are likely defined as your employer's property in some sort of binding document(contract/handbook/law).

There are of course exceptions to this, for instance in the case of whistle-blowing.
> “Uber, Airbnb, etc all succeeded because they broke the law. Why are ethics important?” and I had no real answer.

I'll try my hand at an answer.

First, what is legal and what is ethical are not the same. New York City's pre-Uber taxi industry was racist, exploitative and ripe with fraud. Uber disrupted that cesspool. As recently as 2015, Uber was popular enough among average New Yorkers that it could mobilize grassroots support to rival the mayor [1].

Second, there are degrees of lawbreaking. Jaywalking is lawbreaking. Civil municipal regulation violation, which encompasses most of Uber and Airbnb's early mischievousness, is lawbreaking. Sexual harassment and fraud, on the other hand, are criminally illegal. We have different bands of consequences for different bands of infractions for a reason. Lumping together fraud and jaywalking is facile.

When Uber was busting taxi trusts, they were popular and powerful. When it abused that trust with their god mode and promotion of workplace harassment and overrunning of drivers' rights, their CEO got axed. Society innately and politically recognizes ethics, particularly if the public (e.g. activists, journalists, et cetera) document gross violations.

[1] https://www.fastcompany.com/90237321/the-inside-story-of-how...
> but not many other investment in the same risk category do it.

Only real estate.

https://economics.harvard.edu/files/economics/files/ms28533....

HN Discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19817584
The max fine of $8m is tiny compared to what he made.
At that point, why not go straight to async functions?

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Refe...
The fed had for years engaged in massive bond buying (QE). That has reduced supply of government paper and therefore reduced yields on the bonds.
Yeah politics is an extremely broad topic. What’s common sense to one person is a insane governmental overreach to another. While I don’t think politics should hold a large place in the work place I’m always mindful when speech is restricted in pursuit of restricting “toxicity.”
If you're in London and in any way interested in computing history, you owe it to yourself to visit Bletchley Park. It's a fantastic day visit from London. (About an hour away or so via the railway, as I remember it.)

There's a direct train from Paddington, iirc. UK people please fill in.
Why is this point being downvoted? It is not relevant to this discussion or it's something else???

Again It's well documented the big G steals IP!!
How you store your triples affects performance, but, conceptually, is only an implementation detail.

But then, why stop at a KV-store? A set with entries “Bob:Knows:John” will work just as well, if you ignore performance.

But then, why stop at a set? A string “Bob:Knows:John;Bob:Loves:John;John;Is;vegetarian” works just as well (conceptually!)

IMO, a major real-life use case is as a means to produce PhD’s :-). The concept is enticing and easily grasped, but there are zillions of papers to write on query planning, automatic storage optimization, discovering heuristics, etc. It’s just like the early days of SQL: you don’t have to read decades of papers to move to the front of development.
Firefox on Android
Minitel was based on another protocol. Nextcloud reuses current technology and provides open source interfaces.

So, the difference between the internet and the minitel is nothing like the difference between Nextcloud and American alternatives (Dropbox & Co).
Ask HN: What's NOT going to change in the next 10 years?
Interested in what people think are not going to change in the next 10 years (industry, behavior, etc)

- The need for human interaction (alternatively: loneliness - is that going to increase with social media?)

- The need for clean water

- The need for sleep

Question originally posed by Jeff Bezos. Context here:

I very frequently get the question: "What's going to change in the next 10 years?" And that is a very interesting question; it's a very common one. I almost never get the question: "What's not going to change in the next 10 years?" And I submit to you that that second question is actually the more important of the two -- because you can build a business strategy around the things that are stable in time. ... [I]n our retail business, we know that customers want low prices, and I know that's going to be true 10 years from now. They want fast delivery; they want vast selection.

It's impossible to imagine a future 10 years from now where a customer comes up and says, "Jeff, I love Amazon; I just wish the prices were a little higher." "I love Amazon; I just wish you'd deliver a little more slowly." Impossible.

And so the effort we put into those things, spinning those things up, we know the energy we put into it today will still be paying off dividends for our customers 10 years from now. When you have something that you know is true, even over the long term, you can afford to put a lot of energy into it.
The main pain points for me come from Windows not being Unix-y enough (or at all). WSL2 will probably help with this. I am still at 1803 on my work computer so not holding my breath for WSL2 any time soon.

It isn't really Windows' fault that my work computer has an i5-8500 six core processor coupled with a single DIMM of 8 GB and a $20 hard disk. I won't blame Windows for that. I won't blame Windows for Symantec Endpoint Protection that just has to check every single file just as I need to do npm install. My manager is sympathetic but we are powerless.

I want to say something good about Windows as well: as far as I can see, there is no memory leak in Windows. Windows 10 is pretty solid.

I still think there are two very low hanging fruits:

1. Prohibit OEM partners from shipping Windows 10-based PCs booting from a mechanical hard disk (yes even "SSHD"). Vendors can add a mechanical hard disk but may not boot from it.

2. By default, no automatic reboot without manual consent especially for consumers.

Long term, look very hard into what kind of update requires a reboot and why. Be willing to break compatibility where required.
> * Trustworthiness of content (text and soon photo and video) is and will be a fundamental problem. This is the basic attack vector for national and global politics in the last few years. Anyone with a good solution would help the world immeasurably and have their pick of customers.
The solution to this is just to train and use only the discriminator used in deepfake GANs. The good guys will inevitably have more compute power than the bad guys, and the discriminator will be better than the generator.
"Must have stolen trade secrets" won't stand up in court. They'd have to enumerate which specific trade secrets were allegedly stolen, prove that they were indeed trade secrets and not something that lots of senior engineers could figure out on their own, etc.

Levandowski was charged with stealing specific files and designs, not trade secrets in general.
IMO Global Sulphur Cap 2020: limiting air pollution from ships
Get out of here with the libertarian parroting. American workers didn't gain workplace protections by limiting government powers.
> this is not significant from the point of view of legal precedent

It's incredibly significant. Those cases you mentioned above were civil suites; this is a criminal charge brought by prosecutors. Totally different ball game.
So not a massive increase in demand, but a massive drop in supply?
To prove that you have the private key, they should send you a challenge message and make you send back that message with a signature. If you can send any signed message, anyone who has ever received a signed message from a person can upload it and revoke that person's key.
The worst part about this is that the information will doubtless go to a testing facility, and from there will probably end up in the hands of some federal three-letter agency. It's already happened: https://www.wsj.com/articles/customers-handed-over-their-dna...

As more things require it, it will become unavoidable.

By the way, I hadn't seen that movie. Thanks for mentioning it; looks like it might be good to watch.
ROT13 of course, designed to Roman military specifications.
True enough, and I'm not particularly worried of that going away anytime soon. At some point maybe, but most of the libraries are still filled with shelves and will be for at least some time.

Maybe that changes in the future, which just means that the world has changed. Institutions need to adapt to the needs of each generation.
Intellectual property does not mean 'copyright', it broadly refers to any sort of creation that isn't physical in nature. Trade secrets are legally enforced differently than copyright in the United States as well, but they are both forms of intellectual property.
I do wish Curl supported OAuth 2.0 out of the box - I would then drop all REST clients in a jiffy.
I think most people do keep backups, especially of email. Email clients are designed to download mail and its easy to keep it offline.

I'm pretty careful and delete previous work product unless its open sourced.

On a technical level, unless your company has DLP software, there's no way to know.
Do you believe that the consumers of the "landscape" scores won't sum those values up or apply some substantially similar reduction?
> Your choices include using Ubuntu or a similar system where the six month OS upgrade will break your system so badly you won't be able to work for days.

Or Ubuntu LTS, where you only have to worry about things every five years (or two if you want to update).

This is what is used by my local helpdesk, and things generally haven't been a problem from what I can tell.
Read the article and you'll know the difference.
They just don't have their act together in China in the cases where it takes so long. They put up 10,000 items for sale, stock none of them, then buy them as needed when something sells. They get weeded out eventually by bad reviews. The Chinese companies that do have their act together can ship to US in 3 days for DHL, or 1-2 weeks via subsidized USPS.
Harvested vegetables and fruits perceive and respond to external stimuli (2013)
Practice meditation long enough and you will know what a shitshow the mind is at any given second. Go even further, and you'll start to pick up on the shit-tornado the subconscious mind is.
Unless the underlying models are corrected and replaced, we'll continue to have the problem.

To give a concrete example, Google (well, "Alphabet", but really, Google) launched a project whose entire premise and name were "RE<C": renewable energy cheaper than coal.

It failed.

https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/google-engineer...

The problem, if you subscribe to my view, is that the underlying premise was wrong. It's not that renewables are too expensive. It's that the accounting for coal's costs are entirely flawed.

An interesting implication is that if the underlying accounting, tax, and economic model is changed, fossil fuels will be glued to the ground by a force far stronger than gravity: economic fiscal reality.

What are the odds of that happening? Frankly, low. I'm looking to see how much that particular Overton window might swing, however.

Addressing your ag question: Another of my academic remits (both agriculture and economics). There are any of numerous problems, most revolving around various forms of risk. One of my personal collapse scenarios would involve major, possibly multiple simultaneous, crop failures, whether from weather (most likely drought, floods or freezes might also have impacts), disease, a polination collapse, or something similar. There are some food reserves, but those are decidedly finite and would present severe difficulties at mass scale.

Even through the mid-20th century, massive famines resulting in millions of deaths were seen. The most recent major famine was in Bangladesh in 1974 -- the 1980s Ethiopian famines were comparatively mild, despite the worldwide coverage they drew.

Critics of Communism like to point out the Great Famine of China (1959-1961), in which 15-30 million, of a population of about 660 million, died. Roughly 5%. These same critics ignore the 1920s famine under noncommunist Nationalist China, or the numerous 19th century famines under what was largely British control, or the English-exacerbated Great Irish Famine, which saw a fifty percent reduction in the population of Ireland, from a peak still not matched to this day.

Throughout history, famines in which 10%, 30%, or even 90% of populations have died over wide regions have been fairly commonplace.

In a world of global supply chains, massive monocultures, limited self-sufficiency, and vast inequalities of wealth and military power, a recurrance would be an exceedingly notable event.

Though catastrophic collapse isn't the only possibility. The slow yield decline of overworked lands is another possiblity, and again, soil, water, fertiliser, and pest pressures can build with time. Adjustment to such a gradual erosion should be less severe, but still strongly dislocating.
Why did you think this was an appropriate comment for this forum?
When there's a shortage of luxury units, rich people grudgingly bid up the low-end units because they still have to live somewhere. That's why low-end units here have higher prices than luxury units in other places.
What are the conservative-friendly mechanisms for ensuring this type of equality across all zip codes?
How transparent is it, when the test-takers can't obtain or review their own information, or opt out of participating in this scheme?
> But all this came to an end on June 7, 1954, when Turing suddenly died. (My own guess is that it was not suicide, but that’s a different story.)

Interesting tidbit there.
"Digital Piracy" is not a real thing. It's a convention you're advocating for, and one that reasonable people have still not heard a decent argument for adopting.
Do you have any sources? I haven't heard of that (although it would hardly surprise me), would be curious to read.
The “example” is crashing my safari on iphone xs. Impressive product though.

https://circuithub.com/projects/ti/TIDA-00230