skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I understand the bounds of laws as written, but I think this is confusing several different issues:

* "Free speech" is a broad human right e.g. written into the UN Declaration of Human Rights

* "The First Amendment" is a short piece of text written a couple hundred years ago

* That text places a minimum bar on what the government may and may not do based on two hundred years of interpretation, some of which may be correct and some not. We can refer to this as "prevailing legal interpretation of the first amendment"

* Finally, even private universities receive a tax exemption as 501(c)3 not-for-profit, and federal subsidizes through research funding and tuition subsidies. Citizens donate to universities in the belief that there are sufficient checks-and-balances for concepts like academic freedom to make them forces for good. This gives the government broad rights and responsibilities to regulate them. We can define what the government ought to do as "good public policy."

For news.ycombinator.com, the government, with relatively narrow exceptions, has neither the right nor the responsibility to restrict the site operator. If Paul Graham wants to limit content to nerds discussions, albeit filtering out anything over-critical of Google, that's his right under the 1st amendment.

On the other hand, the government can and should have comprehensive checks-and-balances around universities. There is a growing number of scandals, representing a growing level of corruption (yes, I understand that I did not justify this statement -- it'd be going down a long rabbit hole). As good public policy, the government has a responsibility to manage that. If a universities wants to exist where millions of dollars of alumni donations are funneled into administrator pockets, research is fabricated, and administrators go to barely-legal Epstinesque parties, that's okay too -- just not with 501(c)3 status, Pell Grants, and NSF funding.

By the way, the government often does NOT have rights to limit its own speech in the same way a private corporation does. Government employees are generally NOT under NDA, generally cannot be punished for e.g. writing newspaper articles or whistle-blowing, and I can get many types of internal discussions under FOIA. There are complex legal boundaries here, and I'm not trying to convey any sort of absolute rights or protections, but those contours are quite different than HN as well.

https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-sued-people-he-blocked...
I think there's some misunderstanding due to a disconnect between what economics values and what Joe Public values. For instance, there's a relatively un-controversial mainstream economic theory called https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_price_equalization, which predicts that "When two countries enter a free trade agreement, wages for identical jobs in both countries tend to approach each other" (e.g. low-skilled workers in the rich country are now competing with low-skilled workers in the poor country). Economists are fine with this, because the model predicts an overall increase in global standard of living. I suspect however if you asked the voters "would you support a policy that will reduce the standard of living for less-skilled Americans but lift hundreds of millions of people in Asia out of poverty", support would be far from unanimous.
Douglas Adams?

This is the millennia old diasctintion between knowledge and understanding (or "wisdom"). I'm pretty sure you could already find it in Homer, the Bible, Mahabharata, and the Epic of Gilgamesh...
I am thinking of highly dimensional and complex systems subject to significant noise, and operating over many time scales e.g. real-world economics and financial systems. Also, I’m talking about real-world, practical AI, which can be implemented to generate whatever output over a practical time-frame (as opposed to a theoretical AI given infinite data and time). I have no evidence to back this up, just my educated guess.
Wow, this looks really interesting. I wonder how the internals work!
This is standard language that is perfectly readable if you’re familiar with the involved concepts.
“Food delivery is an inherently dangerous line of work in South Africa,” said Mark Graham, a geography professor at Oxford University who studies the gig economy in developing nations. “Workers put themselves at risk every time they take on a job.”

Well, what can you expect from a country with poor traffic regulations? Accidents happen, maybe too often than usual, but they should've known what they go into from the very beginning considering they come from an African country too. (And I doubt there's much of a difference in traffic regulation between African countries).
Wouldn't be the fault of the organization that fired the missile? Especially if they were told ahead of time "This missile's targeting system is only accurate 99.9% of the time so do be careful"
I always wonder where apple is going to proprietary hardware. For example the “t2” chip, which seems to be a “computer in a computer” and only Apple. I suspect other hardware manufacturers just want windows to work for the most part.

From Wikipedia “Thge Apple T2 chip is a SoC from Apple first released in the iMac Pro 2017. It is a 64-bit ARMv8 chip (a variant of the A10, or T8010), and runs a separate operating system called bridgeOS 2.0,[95] which is a watchOS derivative.[96] It provides a secure enclave for encrypted keys, gives users the ability to lock down the computer's boot process, handles system functions like the camera and audio control, and handles on-the-fly encryption and decryption for the solid-state drive.[97][98][99]”

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple-designed_processors
It's illegal to possess digital files than can be used to 3D print or mill firearms or other weapons in NSW, Australia.
Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph
Note that one of the alarming facts is that the fire season is just starting.
I happened to use all three of the Sun Labs languages the article mentions, around that time. My university had a relationship with Sun, so I got to play with Self, and I added autoindent to the morphs world trait editors. Where I was working in parallel, I was responsible for the Tcl-based extension language for a commercial CAD-like system. I also got an advance look at what became Java, and later I wrote some of the first Java application code outside of Sun, plus some fancier GUI widgets.

All three languages were innovative, but I'd say Self had more innovations. Students of programming languages would do well to take a look at Self, even though things like JIT, prototype object models, and direct-manipulation graphics worlds are now used elsewhere.
Also tenured professor who left. I don't think of myself as second rate but academics, at least in many fields of the US, is becoming full of bullshit-chasing fads. Universities see your role as to bring in money from the federal gov, which means constant pressure to join bandwagons even when you vehemently disagree. I never felt as little intellectual freedom as I did in my tenured position. Mix it with dysfunctional top-heavy administration and it's a toxic mix. It probably varies by institution too, but then you run into the bizarre stochastic kobuki of academic hiring in a Ponzi scheme environment with excess graduates.
Exactly.

The relevant question for those bemoaning policy implementations of economic theories is, "If not guided by economics, then by what?"

Personally, I prefer a discipline which attempts to treat its subject matter scientifically, even if the sum of experimentally proven knowledge is small. Psychology runs into the same difficulties.

But with both (or biology, or high-energy physics), I don't hold it over their practitioners that their subject matter is elusive to experimental inquiry. One does the best one can.
As a practical matter an encrypted phone can't be manually searched. What I'm not clear on is if CBP, absent reasonable suspicion, can penalize a traveler who does not decrypt.

Citizens, I suspect not. But unclear for noncitizens who don't have a defined constitutional right to enter. (In the past noncitizens who declined searches could risk being denied entry)
People play population as a big thing, it's not in India's case.

More people means more demand.

The biggest problem is that those people do not have money which can't drive economy through demand.

And there is definitely something that can be done about it.

Population is large sure, but population density is similar to some middle populated European countries.

As a thought experiment if population of India halves over night, the situation will still not improve!
You do need access to an index/DB of all files in a bucket in order to delete them in parallel. Otherwise you're stuck paginating with the B2 API.
> “really understand” math if you are not well-versed in category theory.

I bet I could find a fields medalist who barely knows what a category is.
As, famously, did WEB DuBois, who went so far as to renounce his Us citizenship.
Imagine a spelling bee of all the European languages where you have to determine what language a word is and then spell it...

That's an English spelling bee.
Bill Gates Says This Type of AI Will Be Worth “10 Microsofts”
Steppenwolf by Hermann Hesse

It's a mind blowing book that's best read if you're a 30+ y/o individual.
>* If they make theirs nu.ls, many (most) people would type ls ;)*

Sure, and they'll get "ls" (the standard one, from POSIX), which should be the least surprise. From then on, they'll know to call nu.ls explicitly when they need it. Sounds like a better option.
If we find aliens, they will be machines (2015)
I think you are equivocating between the laws that govern material interaction and things that interact with matter. They are not the same thing. The laws of physics are developed by breaking matter down to its most uniform and granular components, and then characterizing their interaction. An immaterial soul would not be captured by such an analysis, but its interaction with matter could still be empirically identified.

As for evolution, I see where you are coming from. Randomness, like flipping a coin, is always complex and different. However, if there are only a few specific, long coin sequence you are trying to construct, then flipping a coin does not get you there. There are just too many possibilities within a couple hundred coin flips to check within the lifespan of the universe. And, if you have one of these sequences, then randomly flipping some of the coins will destroy the sequence. Just think about what happens if you flip random bits in a computer program. For the most part, unless you get really, really lucky, it will destroy the computer program. So, while a few random mutations may be very lucky and flip the right nucleotides to create new functionality, the vast majority of mutations are destructive, and will kill off the species before there is the chance to evolve new functionality.
This is pretty useful. It would be great to have a functionality of converting the HTML page to a PDF as well.
does the teaching method provide a way to get beyond that stage? while the anecdotes are about people stuck in this stage, the article strongly implies that the teaching method stops at that stage and does not help readers to get beyond it. in other words, it suggests that according to this teaching method this stage defines a good reader.
The issue you identify is a good reason why our system of government, which places an elected, term-limited civilian as the commander of the military, is extremely clever. We end up with an effective military, but have a counterbalance to a military acting as a hammer constantly looking for nails.

The people involved are certainly imperfect (and some are more imperfect than others), but we're always just a few years away from a course correction if the electorate sees fit.
I think Feynman’s was the best answer to the “why” question: https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/W9rJv26sxs4g2B9bL/transcript....
Problems that forced me to leave ProtonVPN for Mullvad
Show HN: Collab with friends, create spaced-rep flashcards linked to class notes
>most Western history lessons completely ignore everything but Western Europe

That’s because they’re Western history lessons. I had world history as a separate class in high school.
My experience is somewhat opposite. I love Linux. I've used it for over a decade in various roles. But it always ends up the same - either some obscure Bluetooth or graphics bug frustrates me to the point I can't stand it anymore, or I get fed up with 2 hours of battery life and go back to macOS.

In this case, I'm measuring my productivity by the time it takes to mess around with the OS to get the desired result, and the fact that the stability baseline just never seems to get there.

I get and support the attraction to Linux on the desktop, but find YMMV to be very much true.
Billions of neurons and we think we can reduce the nuances of our complex system into words such as "knowledge" and "understanding." To me, those terms are so vague, they don't mean anything.
Kazakhstan has 3/4 the population of Australia and would be the 10th largest country in Europe by population. It's certainly not that small. Australia, for one example, routinely gets lambasted for its poor privacy and encryption policies.

It also has a GDP per capita on par with Turkey and China, just below Russia. So it's simultaneously not about conveniently picking on a super impoverished nation either.
a voluntary military is more prone to prefer war over diplomacy.

The military gets no say - wars are declared, or not, by elected politicians. What you say is only true in countries where the military runs the government.
Docker has been my biggest gripe lately but admittedly has gotten better.

Update environment. MacOS requires reboots and nags you constantly until you do. Whereas, apt and dnf are simple and can be automated in the background.

Doing anything 'interesting' requires you to reboot and fiddle with the firmware. Where linux sudo works as expected.

Outdated software due to licensing issues. See GPL and bash. Not to mention you will be much closer to a production environment and you will find less bugs developing due to differences in OS.

Lots more but this is a good start. All of these things are small and mostly can be worked around but they add up I'm a big way.

The road on Linux isn't completely rosy and can take more learning if you need to do anything really complicated. Tools are great but not necessarily pretty, etc.
Same here. I only follow woodworkers and immediately unfollow anyone who gets outside the line of what i want in my feed. It has allowed me to find interesting niches in the hobby and connect with people with 10x the skill who like teaching and talking about technique, but it takes a pretty brutal type of curating to keep the influencers & garbage out.
The most effective way to implement a behavior change
1573 mentioned in article is not Middle Ages, just saying.
the problem was not bad students failing, but good students getting a failing grade in error.

the bad student knows what's coming and can emotionally prepare for failing the exam. the good student can not do that if they get a result that wildly differs from what they should have gotten. not in a system where they believe they have no chance for appeal.
For carrying scheduled air passengers, you need to fly IFR. You need to have fuel to fly to destination airport, then to reserve airport, and then 45 minutes. No sane pilot flies with that little reserve. Most airlines have enough for destination, reserve, and 90-120 minutes. With that safety margin, this thing has a "useful" range of maybe 150 nautical miles
They could have used a colon instead to avoid the confusion.
I said dense, not populous. Density incorporates the area you're settled in.

You can see in those charts that both nyc and london had peak density in 1950, as their populations declined after that point, while their area didn't increased. They both reversed that trend around 1990.

NYC has a much higher density than london though: 27,751/sq mi vs. 14,670/sq mi

This was probably roughly accurate in relative terms around 1950 as well, as NYC and London had similar populations in different areas back then.

Singapore increased its density consistently and greatly in the same time period.
The great failure of the climate models
I'm given to understand (as I neither speak nor read Chinese) that a fairly typical high-school or college educated modern Chinese can at least read some Confucious (551-479 BCE). There is no comparable English-language case as 1) Old English didn't exist until the 5th century -- the Britons of Roman time (43 CE) were Celts and spoke Celtic, 2) The Latin alphabet hadn't been imported, and 3) literary tradition was slight -- largely oral.

Even taking the tack of following Germanic Anglo-Saxon culture buys you little -- spoken and written language would be unintelligible.

A Western college graduate of ancient languages today might understand Latin, which could get you to 240 BCE, or possibly, with a different alphabet, Greek, whose earliest writings, the Illiad and the Odyssey, date to the 6th century BCE in written form. But that's not a common skill.

Greek and Latin had been taught, as part of the high school curriculum, through the 1940s or 50s, but not generally any longer. Keep in mind that high school graduation rates in 1900 in the US were about 6%, lower than Ph.D. attainment rates today.
Pretty much everyone, given the opportunity, is capable of noticing a switch or modification of paper ballots.

Very few, even when given all the opportunities in the world, are capable of determining if something is wrong in the software or hardware in the machine.

The difference is between having to trust a small group of people who have to be trusted to be experts, vs trusting that the average of random groups of people will be good enough to minimize fraud.
‘Muscovite’ is from ‘Muscovy’, denoting the Middle-Ages' Duchy of Moscow and in turn descending from Latin ‘Moscoviae’.

Since English has chronic trouble mapping sounds, especially vowels, that are fundamental for Russian, ‘Muscovy’ is in fact a rather reasonable approximation. ‘Moscovia’ would be better, but alas. It's like we're seeing different fundamental colors―which we sort of do with English ‘indigo’ and Russian ‘light-blue’ (the latter being close to Newton's ‘blue’).
>used their specific influencer promo code.

This is like the difference between old web advertising pay per click and new web advertising pay per impression. Getting someone to use a code is an order of magnitude harder to get than a click through.

If you think you are going to get more than just an impression, you're delusional. And most impressions are fake.
It also works excellent on low quality gear, I have some Point of Sales with very old computers, they just need internet, a browser and a thermal printer.

Installed Xubuntu and forgot about those for years, the experience is still smooth, fast and the computers turn-on fast.
Yeah mac keybindings are pretty awesome, and there's a lot of not so obvious shortcts (keyboardwise, but also GUI)
'Staying awake all night helped treat my depression'
Not that ripping it from there has become any more legal in the meantime.
People with bipolar disorder are being asked to stay up all night to treat their depression.
Doctors in Italy say that sleep deprivation therapy can have a remarkable effect for some patients when done under medical supervision.
I've always thought about doing this but keep on running into reasons (or excuses) not to.

Right now I've gone half in and have Fedora Server on an Intel NUC that I SSH into. So not quite a desktop replacement, but a nice linux environment for doing dev in. Disadvantage is you rely on a network connection for this approach, but it will do for now
Column: Be curious. Be uncomfortable. Let yourself learn the history of slavery
Molyneux's Problem
Diverse on many metrics I'm sure, except probably economic class.
Get Ur Neo Coin Wallet – Most Secure Antshares Wallets (2019 Edition)
The whole Instagram influencer phenomenon can be obnoxious and sometimes kind of sad... but it's been a kind of godsend to athletes from niche sports that can gather a sizable Instagram audience but make very little money. And the main athletes I have in mind are figure skaters. Even if they win Olympics or the World Championships they can't make much money. But they can gather a sizable Instagram audience which make them attractive to brands. I'm sure this applies to a lot of Olympic sports where fame is fleeting.
Such a long article on reading and teaching and no mention of syllables. Is this completley unrecognized concept in eanglish reading teaching?

Teaching kids to read in polish goes like this: letters -> syllables -> words -> sentences (with an overlap of the steps).

Known words and sentences are used throughout the process to illustrate the things you are learning at the moment and sort of tease what you will be able to do when you master current step.

I imagine in language where same letters can have so many different sounds the concept of syllables should be even more useful.

Teaching kids to read sentences before they can recognize what sound which letter bunches mean seems like telling kid to swim before he learns to float or tread water.
Are you a developer?

I think the productivity aspect would only be true in that case, as the things that “just work” are (for me) external libraries, GitHub readmes, sdk examples, etc.
Anything by PG Wodehouse may work, assuming you like virtuosic light fiction from the 1920s-1940s.

On the other hand my father almost never reads fiction unless it is depressing and/or about a war he didn’t attend. If this sounds like you, maybe Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich?
AI is where the money is to be made next. No wonder all big companies are pushing for it. Investors want to invest in any startup that has got even the slightest bit to do with AI.
It does also add new vectors for error propagation.
Brain.fm – Functional Music to Improve Focus
Need to make sure the undocumented immigrants have a vote first if you want to prevent the Republicans from ever getting a seat again
It is true, we will never know in the ultimate detail how each weight of each neuron must be placed and why. But that is simply because it is too intricate to understand everything.

Just like we try to understand human behaviour not by understanding individual neurons, we reason on an abstract level, called psychology.

To take your example building a SDC will teach us which aspects are the most complex, and which solutions work better than other for those aspects. Comparing those solutions will allow us to see what working solutions have in common, and give us theories that we can then test.
Voice Is the Safest and Most Accurate for Emotion AI Analysis
Question for those philosophy majors out there...

I'm having trouble with the general concept of labeling something "ethical", as thought it were a binary quality akin to "kosher".

My understanding is that "ethics" classically refers to any particular set of moral principles. That would include Mahatma Gandhi's, Adolf Hitler's, and Jeff Bezos'.

So I'm assuming that usages such as "ethical game development" imply adherence to some particular, unstated ethic. But I'm not clear what ethic they're implying.
It made me wonder whether "punic" was the root of words like "punish" and "punitive". But there seems to be no connection.
http://www.fantasy-writers.org/forum/question-about-word-pun...
"The gentoos are the devil incarnate!"

If history is anything to go by, the racist tropes of the West, won't die until India achieves 2-3x its current nominal GDP. Please hold on until then.