skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
1. Doing math is fun and interesting. Like someone who is interested in riddles or poetry. You don't really need to do these things, but we find fun in the novelty and surprise, so we do it. Math is the same as growing flowers. One is pleasing to look at, the other pleasing to think about.

2. Ask her why we know prime ministers are there? Because somebody was playing with math and noticed that some numbers don't have non-trivial divisors. So with a some effort we saw a pattern that we could not see before. That was fun.

3. Maybe there are other patterns that are out there, or other things to know about primes. Clearly, it takes effort. So we keep exploring, hoping for the next dopamine hit. That's all. We are just math druggies.
I did this in 2013. Went from working in a lucrative, stressful high frequency trading systems development environment, into developing systems for humanitarian organizations. Loved the work, the next two years were the happiest and the most chilled out in my life. The negatives: burnt through a lot of my savings. I'm back in a different industry now, and the return was a bit painful, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I've ever made.

Advice:

1. Have at least two years worth of savings, or an alternative source of income that can cover all your basic expenses, or don't do it.

2. Don't take a job that requires you to work harder than you did in your old job. In the beginning, the change will be invigorating, but soon it'll start to wear you down. During my "sabbatical", I worked only six hours a day at most, saving plenty of time for family and personal pursuits.
English's primary strength over other European languages is its use of logography. It's sad to see how most English speakers see that as "BuT iT IsN't PHoNeTicALlY rEgUlaR!". This is despite the fact that phonetic shifts across time and space mean that no writing systen will ever be completely phonetically regular. Phonics can be useful but they can't be fundamental because the impossibility of phonetic regularity means that phonics will always be somewhat misleading.
If forests did not then some other body of plant mass would have to - erosion and weathering of rocks takes a lot of oxygen out of the atmosphere, and this needs replaced by biology by photosynthesis. In the long term this is the reason the Earth needs to "breathe", and plants are how it has done so.
Plants die and are eaten by ranging animals, dispersing their material, creating soils and eventually sediments. This is a long cycle through which carbon is returned to ground, sometimes to metamorphic rock.

It takes place at a lower intensity than our burning of fossil material and forests in recent history. Regrowing forest, usefully captures carbon and releases oxygen more rapidly than mature forest, but of course not rapidly enough to make up for burning them down.
If you have a serious problem with your handwriting, or are just serious about improving your handwriting, try Teach Yourself Better Handwriting by Rosemary Sassoon. She is both a historian of handwriting and a physical therapist (for handwriting). Instead of presenting a model alphabet to copy, she has you analyze your natural writing style and figure out how to improve it. Her focus is to both improve the look of your writing and help you become more comfortable/fast.
What the Code of Hammurabi can teach us about software liability
> That means some significant fraction of the 20 billion tonnes of carbon the Amazon photosynthesizes each year is turning in to soil.

Correct. That fraction is obviously reduced when the forest is burned.
Life is short. You can't take money with you. Do what you want to be doing now, not later. Scrimp and live cheaply > hating a stressful life of luxury/debt/peonage/agony.
In the spirit of Wikipedia, I'd suggest assuming good will...
The extra firmware capacity and the programming productivity it has enabled wasn't spent on improving reliability. It was spent on adding a silly GUI to the firmware. My experience is that annoying motherboard firmware bugs are just as easy to find today as they were in the early 2000s when ACPI was being implemented in assembly.
How does F# on Fable compare to Elm and Purescript, and how is each doing these days?
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20787188
That's a pretty bad example because any good programmer will have at least a rough idea how to profile code in their environment.

Can you name any software that's "engineered"? I can't. All software is built by craftsman of varying degrees. Nobody sits down and engineers anything up front.

The original point "agile" was that code is an iterative craft, so everybody should get together and work toward incremental improvements and respond to change, rather than try to engineer the whole project upfront. In other words, the way software is "supposed" to be built in most places these days is explicitly the opposite of engineering.

* Individuals and interactions over processes and tools

* Working software over comprehensive documentation

* Customer collaboration over contract negotiation

* Responding to change over following a plan

Doesn't sound like "engineering" to me, and that's the process with the most adoption (even though it's bastardized now, that's still the idea that's being sold).
Consumes as much as it produces ... does that mean the animal life in the amazon consumes all the O2 produces by the plants, or does it mean that the life-cycle of any one tree consumes as much O2 when decomposing, as it produces during its time photosynthesizing?

If it is the latter, then we will see decreased oxygen levels as the forest decreases is size.
F# was in the title when I upvoted. Someone changed it.
Probably based on https://grapevine.is/news/2019/08/20/greenland-considering-b... (also read the article footer)
Book: Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age (1999)
There’s a great song about it: https://youtu.be/HBUMuDLCLpk
FG to overhaul refineries for three years to drive local production
There is a large HN discussion about it: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20789771
> Contributing to Wikipedia is quite fun and not enough people do it. You don't even need to make an account.

How is this not in the spirit of HN? Sure you might already know, but are we not to share knowledge/opinion because readers might already know it?

Plus, other people (like me) also read these comments, and they might lack relevant knowledge... educating is not a bad thing.
Well, just based on the linked article:

> A final point to make is that the atmosphere is awash with oxygen, at 20.95% or 209,500 ppm (parts per million). Carbon dioxide, by comparison, is around 405 ppm and rising by around 2-3 ppm per year, over 500 times less. Human activity (around 90% of which being fossil fuel combustion) has caused this concentration to drop by around 0.005% since 1990, a trivial amount. In parallel, the same activities have caused carbon dioxide concentrations to rise by by 37 ppm since 1990, or 10%. This is a much more substantial percentage because there is so little carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to begin with, so human activities can make a major difference. This is why we need to worry about the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (and its resulting impact on climate), and why we don't need to worry about running out of oxygen.

The 3 order of magnitude difference is the relevant bit of info.

So while it takes millions of years for the amazon to have an impact on )2 levels, impacts on CO2 levels happen on the time scale of thousands of years.

This is also why it makes more sense to be concerned about the CO2 being released by burning the Amazon than the oxygen consumed by the fire.
Let there be voice: 10x Audio production
Ah .. very australian. I live in middle europe and there are many places just "10h" drive away I have never visited and probably never will ..

But aside that, I doubt it will look spectacular close up.
This is what the FIRE movement (Financial Independence and Retire Early) is all about. I would highly recommend the book "Your money or your life" by Vicki Robin. The best approach to switching to more meaningful work is to start by getting your financial life in order. I speak with personal experience: I realized earlier this year that I did not need to feel stuck in a dead-end job and this gave me the courage to quit.
> For Goodman, accurate word recognition was not necessarily the goal of reading. The goal was to comprehend text. If the sentences were making sense, the reader must be getting the words right, or right enough.

That's like saying "if the code compiles, it must be correct enough". Seems like a terrible idea.
How to scale your Node.js server using clustering
I believe Uber used to use Google maps and switched away from it to something else.

Where I live now, it doesn’t understand that Uber cars are registered as minicabs and can therefore use a variety of roads closed to normal cars. Consequently what should be a 2-3 minute pickup is often quoted as 15 or more as it suggests the driver will be going around the entire city perimeter when they can actually go across. Fortunately the drivers (usually) know that and completely ignore the GPS!
> This reminds me, as we should all be reminded on a regular basis, the bulk of the things you read in the popular press are at best skimming the surface and at worst outright misleading due to grabbing onto one obscuring factoid instead of the most important pieces of information

FTR, this article is doing exactly that. Like, they a) divert your attention with the CO₂<->O₂ conversion (which doesn't change relative numbers in percentages of photosynthesis at all - you multiply both sides of the equation). And b) then proceeds to pretend that the Amazon eats up most of the Oxygen it produces, but the rest of the world apparently doesn't. Like, if a tree re-metabolizes 40% of the O₂ it produces, then that's also true for the 91% of O₂ produced outside the Amazon, so we still end up with the same 9% figure of all O₂ produced in the Amazon.

The article ends with the "CO₂ emission is more important". Which, again, fair. But Photosynthesis is presumably a pretty important mechanism by which CO₂ is removed from the air. So a reduction of O₂ production is equivalent to a reduction of CO₂ absorption (though you have to multiply with 2.67, don't forget!), which seems to… be a bad thing for CO₂ concentration in the air.

The gist of the article is pretty much "if you don't round and take into account maritime photosynthesis, the Amazon only produces 9% of all O₂". Which is fair. The rest is noise. It doesn't add to the argument and is just fueling the "MSM is bad!" cries…
There is a big problem of feedback with respect to longer term ideas and technology development. In my experience folks at the coal-face (doing delivery, operating the machines) have vital information that would save a huge amount of time in research efforts - not bothering to even investigate certain approaches for example. Sadly this information is often discovered post-hoc! I think that this is what hybrid research taps into, and is the right way to tackle things that will be delivered to market in 5 years or less.

Interestingly there is very little effort in research in general in creating and discovering that qualifying information because there isn't much short or medium term reward in ruling things out - creating negative results.

Academia is now very remote from industry in EU/UK comp sci at least, there are entire communities of work that appear and run and from almost the beginning are known to be very unlikely to create any real or practical result. The poster child for this is the Human Brain Project, but it was apparent that Semantic Web was essentially an open question in computer science very early on, and yet it was sold to the commission and many other funding bodies as incremental technology development. There are other big examples. The problem is that no one is interested in derailing the gravy train and the funding agencies seem to either be under political influence or not to have any critical facilities or institutional memory.
Good question!

A lot of already exisiting applications, platforms, websites, etc use software to detect 'bots' or webscrapers. When a bot browses the web it behaves a certain way (generating certain types of data and patters). For example, the mouse movement of a bot differs from a human massively. To get from one place on the page to another a human would take probably take the most optimal path, bots usually take a straight line path and it tends to remain consistent. We have developed our own software to detect such behaviour, and any data matching such interactions will be automatically removed and the user will be warned against violations of terms.

All users on datacy will also be verified to increase data credibility and to make sure we know who the data belongs to.

Additionally, our data pricing algorithem prices data based of distinct variables, meaning that repeating or artificial interactions are unlikely to be priced anywhere near as highly as data acquired from authentic user interactions.
There's many techniques and practices of creating trust and more resilient election processes:

0. international independent observers following the entire chains-of-custody of votes and the tallying process

1. vote as did the Greeks or Googlers' for their lunch: place a physical token in the particular container for a given candidate, and then weigh them and measure their volume. There's no hanging chads or ambiguity.

2. place non-partisan, professionals with integrity in-charge of and with elections

3. seek a wide pool of volunteers, and randomly assign them

4. randomized double/triple/quad verify chain-of-custody at key activity steps to reduce chances of many types of impropriety

5. transparency: lots of public live video streams of election process areas as it's occurring
It’s only 100% adequate if you can download it and it takes the payment you have. During the entire period Uber was away, this was not the case for me, making it 100% useless instead.

During that period, I rented a car each time I flew in.
> my own team's research suggests this is more like 60%

My point was he hasn't cited that research - if it is concluded ? published? reviewed?

He seems to be just having a technical rant about a contextual phrase while giving the impression that forests in general, or at least the amazon or equatorial forests do not help maintain the atmospheres oxygen content. That would certainly be a maveric proposition at this stage in Earth sciences.
Why people keep falling for viral hoaxes
in substantial amounts and then not vaporize while cooking? I guess it's possible, but honestly I'd worry much more about the hygiene of meat processing plants and what happens to meat during the storage and transport
Show HN: Classical Ciphers in Rust
Non-paywalled link: https://outline.com/ZYBDsE

Summary:

* Force yourself to read everywhere

* But don't force it

* Buy a lot of books at once

* Read them all at once

* Remember stuff you read

I don't even know why I'm commenting on such a low-effort blog post. Ironically, I read a lot of self-help books as well and I realized that most of them are a sham, so I'm writing a book on ... well ... how to read self-help books.
This is why you need to be careful about understanding and quoting scientific facts.

The specific quote is talking about trees in the rainforest, not the rainforest itself. The rainforest is an ecological system that also produces CO2 (mainly through microbes breaking down wood) and you can't ignore the rest of the system.

Which is not to say that the Amazon doesn't play a significant in the global environment and weather systems.
Is the "irrevocable, perpetual, and sub-licensable" really necessary for this?
The Kindle Voyage 2 has gone through countless iterations
the maintainer uses rent seeking as intention himself. [0]

[0] https://github.com/feross/funding/issues/7#issuecomment-5245...
Regarding the pictures, many pictures of burning forests were shared on social networks those past few days (eg. Instagram stories).

Those are images of fires to illustrate people's message, they convey the greater concept that we should be aware of the Earth as a global shared system. No one is saying 'look at this picture of the Amazon burning right now' (not even in the Macron's tweet).

Regarding "the Amazon provides 20% of our oxygen", I guess it could be debated, and the biodiversity would probably have been a better argument.
It took a series of steps. I was an Oracle/DB2 DBA + ERP specialist when working in the big 4 space. I learned networking whilst still using my DBA skills. Worked for a number of systems integrators from which I picked up some direct consulting work and some sub-contract work. These days I focus on product line software engineering and embedded systems, mostly custom IoT design and deployment.

I think that the key to being a successful consultant is to have specialist skills that the larger firms do not have. In my experience, competing with larger firms requires undercutting their rates. Clients who are only interested in paying as little as possible are not my favourites.
I also highly recommend "Early Retirement Extreme: A Philosophical and Practical Guide to Financial Independence" by Jacob Lund Fisker.
Educating is a great thing. Patronising not so much.

If the OP's comment is for the good of the wider community, it should probably not contain a friendly yet subtle insult to the tune of "rather than just criticising, get off your backside and do something about it, you might even enjoy it".

And I'd be very surprised if someone reading HN is unaware that Wikipedia can be edited...
Ask HN: Who Are the Hong Kong Protesters?
I'm not one who follows all news very closely, but the HK protests seem to me like a very modern conflict, that's why it intrigues me. I see a lot of info about _why_ there are protests, and _what_ is happening. But I have a hard time finding info about _who_ these protesters are. Most pieces I read seem to glance over this, making them in to a combination of pawns and heroes. But it takes a lot of time and risk and resources to be in these battles I see on social media.

Anyone has info or a good article about this part?
Wow, that's awesome!! I looked up your story and that is awesome too.
I would love my open source real estate website builder project (https://github.com/etewiah/property_web_builder) to achieve something similar.
Hope you don't mind, I've reached out to you via linked in.
Totally agree with this. We, (folks working in tech), needs to get away from click-baity titles like this, and write more factual titles.
As I get older I tend not to see things falling into distinct groups; they all blur together.

While you say it's not physics, to me it is because fixing one problem will help the field so (again, to me) separating them seems a mistake.

But that's just one POV.
At this point it seems that there's more comments that start by saying "OMG HN is so negative about Fowler" than there are comments actually doing this.

I have this working hypothesis that HN is a nexus where multiple alternative realities intersect, which is why I sometimes find threads with 5 comments complaining about HN negativity to one or zero comments that are actually negative...
India school-leaving exam: A controversy that cost 23 lives
TLDR: The amazon produces 9% and consumes 9%. We have ~500x more oxygen than CO2 so any disparities will be seen in global CO2 levels WAY before global O2 levels.
Imagine without oil, arab country must be poor
It's always impressive to see somebody try to build something that lasts, and succeed. It's even rarer to see such a thing in consumer electronics.

I'm currently sitting in the same room as a Bryston amplifier that, according to it's date code, was manufactured in late 1998. That means it's almost 21 years old and just 1 year off warranty. It's been switched on for most of those 21 years but still works great and has never been serviced. Even more surprisingly, it's not obsolete. It's currently hooked up to a 2018 receiver.

I'd love to see somebody do tear-downs of devices like this and explain how their construction takes longevity into consideration without resorting to the same extremes as NASA (e.g. X-raying caps).
I don't have much experience with Elm or Purescript, but one nice thing about F# with Fable is that it's a pretty flexible language that let's you do things in many ways and integrates well with libraries that use different styles.

For example, the Excel blog post is using virtual-dom directly (without higher level libraries like React) and getting that to work was a few lines of simple code with one mutable variable, but that's all you need to get a nice declarative Elm-style architecture.
Jeeze HN, why the downvotes? I give you Article VIII of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967:

> A State Party to the Treaty on whose registry an object launched into outer space is carried shall retain jurisdiction and control over such object, and over any personnel thereof, while in outer space or on a celestial body.

http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/intr...

The American module group, where this alleged crime probably took place (as US astronauts use the laptops in their own area), is governed under the USA's laws.
Are you asking as salaried staff, a contractor or startup founder?

Seems to me that many managers will extract as much work out of you as they can get away with. In some companies you are simply expected to work 70-80 hours a week - not only in programming, but in accounting and law firms too.
Hamburg: Media and creative industry gateway to Europe
Might have been 7 with the classic theme? It looks basically like 2000
That would be true only if you always burn 100% of biomass, which doesn't happen. Carbon gets sequestered into soil, and partly consumed by insects and animals up the food chain.

All carbon in your body was once sequestered by plants.
FYI, you should add a space before the closing ], otherwise HN formatting makes it part of the URL. Currently clicking your link returns a 404 due to this.
A 10h drive in Central Europe can get you far :). Australia is a vast emptiness as soon as you leave the coast. Also I’m hoping I can get the geoglyph in frame with a drone though I haven’t done the math to see whether that’s possible within the confines of the law in terms of altitude (120m max altitude in Oz).
Eunice Foote’s Role in Discovering Principal Cause of Global Warming
Then why is the soil layer in the Amazon only about a meter deep after millions of years of carbon sequestration? The rainforest photosynthesizes about 3 kg of carbon per square meter per year.
Life Is Too Short to RTFM (2014)
So that's where he is getting the context for his rant >>

"So, in all practical terms, the net contribution of the Amazon ECOSYSTEM (not just the plants alone) to the world's oxygen is effectively zero."

Practically, the reason why we have oxygen in the atmosphere is plant photosynthesis over long terms. We can quibble over the net annual product of every forest and ecosystem as he has - but over geological timeframes, the plant life they contain is the reason we have any oxygen to breath. And if the amazon currently amounts to about 20% of the plant life on earth now, its not wrong to teach that it is doing 20% of the oxygen maintaining.

The fact that long term maintenance is obscured by shorter term dynamics including our modern industrial activity, does not make a lie of the understanding and respect that forests are lungs of the planet.
"A sucker is born every minute" - Nixon, during his famous '72 China visit.
Margaret Hamilton also wrote the guidance computer software for Apollo 11.
The full title is "Righting a Scientific Wrong: Eunice Foote’s Role in Discovering Principal Cause of Global Warming" which is a bit too long.

There's a scan of her paper here: https://www.climate.gov/news-features/features/happy-200th-b...
And let us not forget their neighbouring tribe, the Mackems!
Eunice Foote, hidden climate science pioneer