skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I made a similar site 20 years ago (an applet, what else) and a lot of people seem to be wondering "how does it work" or "where does the data come from?". I can only describe how I implemented it, but it's probably similar.

Data is not "real time" for each satellite in any sense. But since satellites follow orbits, it's enough to have recent state, and you can extrapolate where they are. The data comes from places like NORAD, and has a standardized format called a "Two line element set". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-line_element_set

Here is the current state of the international space station for example as described in a TLE:

ISS (ZARYA)
1 25544U 98067A 19238.30917157 .00002323 00000-0 48072-4 0 9991
2 25544 51.6438 13.4147 0007728 328.5901 233.9236 15.50389701186137

It's mostly opaque but we can see near the end of the second line that at the current orbit means it does around 15.5 orbits per day.
When I implemented my app, I just grabbed some data from a public link with up to date TLE's. Such as this one, for the 100 brightest satellites is a good start for a simple visualization app.

https://www.celestrak.com/NORAD/elements/visual.txt

Once you have the TLE for a satellite which describes where it was a while ago, you need a function that gives you the current state vector for the satellite, given the time delta since the known state. Far from earth this can be done approximately with simple orbital mechanics, but close to earth you need to account for athmospheric drag and also the uneven or "bumpy" gravitational field. At some point someone devised a set of algorithms for this called the simplified perturbations models in 1988 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_perturbations_model...

Basically current_state = SGP4(old_state, time_since_old_state)

Luckily, these functions were released together with a Fortran implementation, so porting it to whatever language you want is fairly straight forward. Here is an example port of SGP4 to python https://github.com/brandon-rhodes/python-sgp4/blob/master/sg...
Take the Vienna page as an example. In the introductory paragraphs, we have the text below. While it isn't incorrect or false, it's quite obviously included only facts that portray the city in the best possible light. If the purpose of an encyclopedia is to present information in a neutral, objective way, this doesn't seem to fit the bill.

I say this as someone who likes Vienna and thinks the quality-of-life studies are correct. But this information belongs in a sub-header, not in the introduction of the article.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna

Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first (in a tie with Vancouver and San Francisco) for the world's most liveable cities. Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne.[20][21][22][23][24] In 2018, it replaced Melbourne as the number one spot.[25] For ten consecutive years (2009–2019), the human-resource-consulting firm Mercer ranked Vienna first in its annual "Quality of Living" survey of hundreds of cities around the world.[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Monocle's 2015 "Quality of Life Survey" ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world "to make a base within."[34][35][36][37][38]

The UN-Habitat classified Vienna as the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013.[39] The city was ranked 1st globally for its culture of innovation in 2007 and 2008, and sixth globally (out of 256 cities) in the 2014 Innovation Cities Index, which analyzed 162 indicators in covering three areas: culture, infrastructure, and markets.[40][41][42] Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners.[43]

Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the world's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions.[44] It attracts over 6.8 million tourists a year.
The supreme question really is if you have a really great OOP code, a really great functional code and a really great procedural code, all achieving the same thing, which would be the best? ie. which would be best in front-end? in the back end? in services where you do loads of calculations and analysis? in services where you just need to retrieve data?

It's probably best to be a full-stack developer, or find specialists who are really great at OOP and work on where it properly applies in the architecture system of a project, the same for functional or procedural

We don't need to box ourselves (or a company) in OOP only (or functional or procedural if that's your main paradigm)
This is one of my favourite New Yorker articles. I wish they published more articles like this.

Suicidal thoughts are a really tough thing to deal with. I've struggled with them for my entire adult life -- more than 20 years now, and counting. They're also deeply personal, and it's hard to find a one-size-fits-all method of helping people through them.

In my case, I find them perversely soothing. Planning it out, and planning out the accompanying clean-up, is strangely calming for me; I suspect at least part of it is because it's applying a feeling of control and structure to otherwise chaotic, painful, or confusing situations. As I run through details in my head, the feelings that incited the thoughts begin to dimish.

I know, rationally, that it would be devastating for those left behind. I know, rationally, that no amount of preparation or planning will make it easier or less painful for them. I know, rationally, that suicide is not a solution for anything.

But it feels like all of the above. It feels like a release, like a perfect, lasting solution to pain and confusion and distress I've carried with me for so long.

I'm lucky that I've found some kind of equilibrium that's allowed me to work through them when they occur, relatively harmlessly. I know others who aren't so lucky, and who haven't found something that works for them. Some of thoem have died; others have survived, but aren't whole since.

It's something that's hard for us to talk about, and current society doesn't seem predisposed to talk about. Many of those suffering the most are faced by a media climate that's not helpful or supportive, and makes it hard for some of the most emotionally and psychologically vulnerable to seek help because of who they were born.

If you've ever had thoughts, please don't suffer in silence: try to find someone, anyone, to talk to. In the UK, we have the Samaritans[1] on 116123 (free to call). There's also Breathing Space Scotland[2] on 0800 83 85 87 (also free).

[1]: https://www.samaritans.org/how-we-can-help/contact-samaritan...

[2]: https://breathingspace.scot/
Speaking of handwriting ... I recently took up Copperplate (also called "English Roundhand") calligraphy. It is one of the oldest European scripts, originated in 17th century England.

Here are a couple of samples from my practice (of 3 weeks) :-)

https://kashyapc.fedorapeople.org/Copperplate_practice_1.jpg

https://kashyapc.fedorapeople.org/Copperplate_practice_2.jpg

What inspired me was this book called Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts[1], which has samples of great calligraphy from centuries old manuscripts, among many other interesting things. (Previously mentioned it on HN here[2].)

And I am learning Copperplate script itself from a wonderful book, Mastering Copperplate Calligraphy, by Eleanor Winters.

I'm thoroughly enjoying the entire process. Including the experience of using a proper nib, calligraphic ink and the oblique nib holder. The oblique pen holder (can be seen in the first image linked above) is really helpful, as Copperplate script requires letters be at a 55 degree angle; also lets you avoid having your wrist twisted in an awkward way.

[1] https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/213/213069/meetings-with-rem...

[2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20332914
I spent my childhood upsetting people who think there is some moral significance to handwriting.

After a chance meeting with a physiotherapist, I finally got diagnosed with dyspraxia ("clumsy child syndrome" for us old people) at the age of 16, and managed to get a few grudging apologies from the sarcastic teachers who made my life miserable for so long.

I admire Dijkstra's work, but I do think he'd probably hate me. I spent every morning break for years at primary school doing handwriting exercises like in the article, while the other kids played outside. I never got any better.

Funnily enough since leaving school it hasn't mattered one bit.
This way or another, the IBM standard was authored in 1980s with major IBM systems (mainly MS-DOS and OS/2) in mind, and it has not aged nicely. Windows mostly went its own way. Keys like F1-F10, PrtScn, PgUp/PgDn have never been easy to find or use on laptops (or anywhere except 101-key keyboards). Start or Win modifier key, on the contrary, is universal, but Linux ignores it for the most part.

The only consistent system around is Mac OS X, where Cmd-C is universal copy, Ctrl-C stops the current program in terminal, Cmd-V is universal paste, Ctrl-V opens a vertical block in Vim, Ctrl-A goes to the beginning of the line, and Cmd-A selects all. This works anywhere, from browser to terminal.
That’s why it’s a problem — the two best tested laws of physics contradict each other.
How to flip the switch in your life? Challenge yourself and do this
Interesting that you've made it using

https://crystal-lang.org/
https://www.mint-lang.com/

How did you decide to use these framework and how was your experience ?
When compatibility is needed, APIs should consume pointer+length pairs. It doesn't get better than that, in ANY language, in terms of simplicity and modularity.

Libraries like Qt with extreme lock-in are at the other end of the spectrum. If it works for them, that's nice. Doesn't work for me. I don't think using a string library is in the spirit of C programming.
> Names are a reflection of culture, and certain cultures tend towards certain professions.

They key word there is “tend”. Since it’s not an absolute, it would be unfair and ultimately disadvantageous of anyone to pre-judge individual people based on their name, since it is not a guarantee.
And if you need it you can add an external GPU for an extra graphics boost.
I do enjoy eating a McDonalds -occasionally-

No other place have I seen such great diversity in employment, I met a lot of great people who have a background from McDonald's in their youths.

That said, I always wondered how I would appriciate working there with t-shirt with "I'm loving it" written all over.
i have a Dell XPS 13 - its smaller than a macbook air. It has an insert key.

Whether you like it or not is your prerogative entirely. However, it is not true that Linux and Windows dont have a standard. They do. And the keys are universal (where universal has a different connotation to your usecase - we are talking non-Western countries and hardware that includes weird little keyboard to debug airplane display units)

You are fully entitled your choice+opinion whether you prefer a different one.
It is also misguided. Not only do people get attached just as easily to meaningless identifiers, but when stripped of their mening people are more likely to re-use identifiers, not less.
I feel like a number of AI applications are a bit like this. In this case, the training set could be the original book text, and an audiobook reading of the books (over thousands of books). When trained on that dataset the audio recordings are used to regenerate the original text.

So training set==test set and you don't care because the only purpose of the model was to circumvent certain potential copyright issues.

I feel this same issue exists in many other areas too. A model gets trained on a bunch of copyrighted data, and then can generate similar data... It seems like a kind of gray area. On one hand you might say the learning process is just "inspired" by the copyrighted material... someone else might say it's just derived from it (and should require licensing).

This often seems to get overlooked, particularly in image generation applications. Yea, of course you can generate interesting looking pictures. The question that often remains unanswered is how novel are these images... what is the closest image in the original dataset.
Delete any Git branch the easy way
Aye that switch sounds identical too. There was also some sort of extra switch set that was like a matching base, with 3 or 4 extra switches, that I only ever saw in a movie or two. Both illustrated on that Wikipedia page.

Exotic was the arrival of the phone plug. Two phone points in the house and a push button phone, which usually still had a bell. The peak of 80s luxury. By the 90s I wanted a second line as the USRobotics Courier thing was always hogging the phone. :)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPO_telephones
"And they're growing more self aware any minute."
Helping a junior and maintaining relationships with your fellow seniors is a part of the job too.
Draft Currency (Restrictions on the Use of Cash) Bill 2019 released (Australia)
The difference between them is that physical evolution takes one state to another state, whereas addition takes two numbers to another number.
Figma Plugin to Insert Icons, Illustrations and Stock Photos for Free
And also unbeatable in memory efficiency.
Deformed Skulls Mark a Historic Migration into Europe
Like snipcart?
Which law of physics say information must be lost in a black hole?

AFAIK if information is lost in a black hole it will also violate the second law of thermodynamics - so really you have many many laws saying it cannot be lost - and Hawking temporarily claimed it will be lost in black holes before recanting and saying it won't.

So ... I don't quite follow. I mean this title is as concerning to me as something that claims the earth is flat.
Ok. What's going on here? There's just no way this is real.
Because we recognize that we were evil and want to make amends.
Jesus, your obsession with data... Just read history...
maybe they meant presenting its vulnerabilities to claim the election illegitimate. But that still won't work, they will just ignore/deny everything as usual
Ghost itself chose to not solve commenting. They give you flexibility to install commenting via js or however else you see fit by allowing editing of templates.
I think you misread a sarcasm comment, I read it to satire Australian gov. who give away to the corporates that exploit environment (the Great Barrier Reef) for profits[0].

[0] https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/14/campaign...
I had colleagues who returned their company-issued X1 Carbons and bought a Mac with out-of-pocket money, so they could use iTerm2. Some of its features are indispensable and not found anywhere in Linux, although YMMV of course.

I use iTerm to connect to Ubuntu and I feel like I have the best of both worlds, a great terminal emulator and Ubuntu beneath it.
Q. At time t1 = 0, we know the state of our system. Then we send a photon into an atom. Assume the atom absorbs the photon by having an electron move to a different energy level.

Some time later, at time t2, the electron returns to where it was and emits a photon. As I understand, t2 - t1 is random, with exponential distribution, and independent of everything else in the universe. So, at time t2, we cannot recover the state at time t1 or even know just when t1 was. That is, the reversible time evolution equation of state at time t2 can't tell us the random time t2 - t1 or t1 so cannot recover the state at time t1 -- at time t2, we just do not know just when or how we got to the state at time t2.

So, the time evolution equation is time reversible but the event of the emission of the photon is not time reversible.

This thought experiment seems to conflict with the OP. Where am I going wrong?
Device vanishes on command after military missions
What's the deal with USB-C charging for you? I can see the hypothetical benefit of interchangeable chargers, but I'd try to avoid it, having seen my S8 smartphone USB-C wear out in less than a year.
Thanks, very informative!

One more thing, I'm surprised that 4KB blocks are relevant, I'd have thought that disk requests in benchmarking (edit: cos manufacturers like to cheat), and a lot of reads in the real world, would operate at much larger requests than 4K.

Is it that IOs are broken down to 4K blocks at the disc controller level, or is that done deliberately in benchmarking to stress the IO subsystem?
No democracy for enemies of democracy! /s
I'm the author of Mint, so it was the obvious choice :)

I choose Crystal because I had experience using Ruby and I absolutely loved the syntax, also Mint is built with Crystal. I really like it because it easy to read (even with type annotations) and compiles to a fast binary.

Edit: If you have specific questions let me have it :D
There was a fun similar thing for Reddit on https://www.reddit.com/r/TenYearsAgoOnReddit/ (and https://www.reddit.com/r/FiveYearsAgoOnReddit/), sadly it stopped posting ~9 months ago.

Is it possible to use the search API to create something like this for HN?
If you don't have 1:1 match in the text, I see no reason why it would be considered an infrigement. Isn't it what people also do? There is no parthenogenesis so a system that "learns" and doesn't reproduce should be treated the same as a human who reads and then writes
> For example, outside 3D rendering and audio software processing, I never saw a visible impact (to the end user) of bounds checking.

Indeed the computation overhead on bounds checking is irrelevant for "cold" code, but consider this

1) Pretty sure you can get bounds checking when compilers detect that you're accessing a static array.

2) Otherwise, it's unclear how to devise a system that integrates bounds checking with C semantics. (Yes, that's unfortunate!)

3) Bounds checking does at least increase code size.
betty oh-bet
‘Key player’ identified in genetic link to psychiatric conditions
I don't think you can pick a book from your library, narrate it, and then start selling the audiobook without permission from the copyright holders.
Given the financial positions involved they could easily afford to (market cap order of 30 vs 200 billion USD, Intel free cash flow per quarter of 5-15 billion). Regulatory authorities probably wouldn't let them, but that is another argument to make.
> Linux and Windows [do] have a standard.

The nice thing about standards is that you have so many to choose from.

This of course says nothing about whether this particular standard fits you. For me, having to keep a flag in mind whether I'm working in a terminal application (with one set of shortcuts), or GUI application (with a different set of shortcuts), is not acceptable, if I can have a setup where the same set works everywhere.
> penmanship is worse now than at any time in human history

Mass literacy is a fairly recent norm, especially outside the West. Only really took off with the norm of mass schooling.

http://www.unesco.org/education/GMR2006/full/chapt8_eng.pdf
It is a good idea not to re-use host names. Otherwise you may encounter soft fails if the old name is still accessible, especially in systems outside of your control. If there are certificates generated it will also guarantee that they can not be re-used. So it is a good rule of thumb in larger organizations.
totally, now I feel like an idiot for forgetting Tchaikovsky :)
Ask HN: What is your investment strategy?
I would like to learn how HNers invest their money.

To start the conversation, let me share my approach:

1. First and foremost, I am defensive, by nature. In many aspects of life, including investments.

2. ~75% of my savings goes to Gold.

3. There was a time when the rest would be invested in my side projects. High risk. Throw away pretty much.

4. I still plan to invest in my side projects, but age has made me extremely selective.

5. I dabbled in crypto in 2016-2018. Almost everybody I know did. I made modest profits but nothing close to the boom. Since then I have lost respect for crypto industry. I could write an essay why, but to keep it brief most projects are unrealistic. The only purpose is to get rich quick. Meanwhile the markets are heavily manipulated. And I don't have friends in the right places, so I stay out.

I'm still openly looking for investment strategies as my situations affords me the ability to take more risk.
Intentional? Now you can deal with it with PR via downplaying while meddling with the results.
The article as the comments here read very strange. Like a place where there is no place for people. There can be space (real physical as well as a culture) for people, lets give team human a try. Please let's not be working drones that optimize towards questionable goals...

https://podcasts.apple.com/de/podcast/team-human/id114033181...
Oh, I get that this is sarcasm at the Australian government's usual pro-corporate anti-environment attitudes. The best sarcasm tends to makes a weird kind of sense, e.g. yes you can actually sell these rocks.
A graph of struct size Vs speed would have been useful. Also definitely learn to read the assembly - you can then just get an actually answer for what is happening rather than stabbing around in the dark with profiling tools.

Anyway good article.
This seems materially different than the reverse operation - taking a book and turning it into an audio experience. Doing so may diminish the book's experience because the AI voice / TTS may not convey the book correctly and could damage the user experience.

Captioning seems more like a facilitation of experience, using only the audio to add an additional layer on it. It's like saying the credits for a movie are copywrited and Amazon can't use that content for X-Ray (I'm aware they use IMBD and Amazon owns that).

It's certainly a gray area, but I feel the publishers are simply afraid that buying an audio book that is captioned may cannabalize their text-based book business, which seems disingenuous. The accessibility of a book of text is very different than captioned audio.

What if people can't hear well, but like the emotive layer added to captions in a reader's voice/pace, etc?

I can see uses for this that could be argued however - for instance, using the captions as a reading facilitator. The customer is using it like a book, with audio captions, not an audio book with hearing-impaired captions. Using the transcribed text to translate to a different language may also be infringing on copywrite as to provide an unofficially translated version of the text.

Assuming that there was an app on your phone that you could use to point at the Kindle readhing your audio book out loud and transcribing the text clearly isn't copywrite infringement, so the debate seems to be around Amazon providing this as an integrated service.

I think all that needs to be done is to allow the publisher to decide if that feature is enabled or not. Customers will obviously buy books that are captioned over ones that aren't, because you're getting more "content," and I can imagine publishers would charge more for this. Which is of course, what it ultimately comes down to - Money.

Publishers who didn't provide captions wouldn't get the business of those who want them, and those that don't care will make a decision on availability and price. Seems like Amazon could let their marketplace decide what people want, but they are in a legal position where they may consider it worth fighting. The trouble begins when you start asking the questions, "well, if Amazon wins, would publishers simply stop publishing their books on Amazon?" Then the monopoly question comes up.

I can see arguments both ways, and if the licensing terms to Amazon aren't clear, then Amazon should simply make them clearer and allow the marketplace participants fall where they may.
Audible books are licensed though. The author is still compensated for an audio version of a book. If I bought a movie and had a smart TV that performed AI based closed captioning would that be some sort of copyright violation?