skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Or instead of files just write to the block device with one big random file with the supposed byte-accurate size of the device, then read it back and compare. Something like:

dd bs="$(blockdev --getsize64 "$device")" count=1 if=/dev/urandom of=random-file
dd if=random-file of="$device"
cmp random-file "$device"

Using cmp instead of something like md5sum is better since it would stop on the first differing byte, instead of reading the whole thing for both.

EDIT: I'm not sure if my use of dd's bs and count is a good idea, though. It might be better to do:

head -c "$(blockdev --getsize64 "$device")" /dev/urandom > random-file

to get more reasonable buffer sizes. Documentation on head says -c works on bytes, not characters, so that's good.

For that second line, I often prefer to do:

pv random-file > "$device"

to get a neat progress bar.

EDIT 2: As discussed in other threads, one should make sure to invalidate the kernel's cache of the device between steps 2 and 3. My safest bet on how to do that is to reboot the computer.
I write C++ for a living and I think you should give it a try. If you stick to the core guidelines and avoid 95% of the language, it's actually pretty nice. I'd prefer Rust for most things I'd use C++ for, but there are definitely areas where it shines (look at boost::hana, which gives you a unified way of handling compile time and runtime computations, for example).
Hamburg’s car plates all start with HH and nobody cares (or at least I didn’t find anybody who does).
I remembered one more, just a very short story, nothing as exciting as the books:

EDIT (Thanks @yeellow): Pilot Pirx => Ijon Tichy (how could I mix them up? Well, it's been two decades or so since I last read them)

- ~~Pilot Pirx~~ Ijon Tichy series: I remember a short story from the "Ijon Tichy" series of stories (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_Diaries): It started with a microphone being lowered to onto the surface of an extremely hot planet (hotter than Venus) and a conversation was recorded, I think it was a student and a teacher, or it was between scholars of that alien race. Of course, already it is clear that this wasn't about any reality-based-fiction, the whole setup was just to show human thought in a mirror by letting the conversation come from aliens. In the conversation the rogue (student? scientist? I don't remember) proposes that there could be life on planets that are much colder than their own. This obviously preposterous idea (haha) is shot down by the other party in the conversation and exposed as silly nonsense contradicting science (of that hot world).

By the way, unrelated to the current subject but possibly one of the best stories ever written, is the Ijon Tichy story where he is alone in his space shit and a tiny meteor destroys the controls. It takes two people to repair the damage though, one inside, one outside the space ship - simultaneously. He knows about some time altering vortexes and manages to fiddle with the engines to fly through them. Each time he flies through one of those vortexes there are multiple versions of himself on the space ship, for example his Wednesday and his Saturday version. The story is about his difficulty recruiting himself for the repairs. It's hilarious! It starts with him waking in the middle of deep sleep because somebody who looks like him is shaking him. In his sleepy state he forgot all about the time vortexes and he thinks he's dreaming. So he refuses to move because "damage repaired during a dream is not really repaired, so I may as well just keep sleeping". The next day he has the exact opposite problem: He finds himself sleeping and tries to convince his previous-day version to do the repairs together, without success of course. That's just the start though, more and more versions of himself appear and disappear...

EDIT:

Found the time vortex story (in full): https://english.lem.pl/works/novels/the-star-diaries/154-the...
How? Wall Street has control of the US defense Industry and Chinese investors are a big part of that. The last time we had a healthy defense industry was the mid nineties before the last supper destroyed all the small to medium size defense contractors by forcing them to merge in mega corporations like Raytheon and L3.
Who bears the burden of a tax is different than who pays for it legally. (The actual effect of a 20% total payroll tax shouldn’t change depending on how you allocate it between employer and employee.) That is because employers can simply decrease wages to cover the tax. Payroll taxes are primarily borne by employees: https://taxfoundation.org/what-are-payroll-taxes-and-who-pay....

Another important point is that these social insurance contributions are deliberately regressive. In the US, the Medicare payroll tax is paid on all income, and Social Security is paid on the first $130,000. There is a big push in the US to eliminate the Social Security cap. In Germany, by contrast the pension contribution is only paid on income below about $70,000, and workers making more than that are exempt from the public insurance system. (So someone making $10,000,000 per year pays almost nothing in social insurance taxes.)

Likewise, VAT is primarily borne by consumers, and consumer-facing small businesses. Even though the business pays it, some of the tax is passed onto consumers through highs prices. Who bears the VAT depends on relative elasticity of supply and demand. In highly competitive industries like restaurants, the owners and workers can bear most of the VAT. But large corporations m in high margin businesses have the pricing power to pass on most of the VAT to consumers. (E.g. an iPhone is 25% more in Germany than the US, more than enough to completely cover the VAT.) VAT is not paid on investment income, nor on banking services. So the wealthy, who invest most of their money rather than spending it on consumption, pay little (as a percentage of income) on VAT.

Combined with low corporate taxes, the end result is rather right-wing. American Republicans would prefer to have a low overall tax burden because it boosts the economy. But if we had to raise taxes to say 35% of GDP, they would much prefer to have the European system, where the middle class bears most of that burden, than scaling up the US system, which would cause businesses and the rich to bear most of the burden. Notably, the only serious proposals for a VAT in the US has come from conservatives like Ted Cruz, Herman Cain, Saxby Chambliss, etc.
Sure. But that implies you make it (without everything optimized for performance), measure it, and then make the things which are slow enough to matter, faster. Which sounds just like avoiding premature optimization.
In my experience, if the cops were called on you they probably wouldn't take you to your parents. Instead they would hassle you a bit for "causing trouble" then require that you leave.

If you stood up for yourself, then they'd take you to your parents.
It's more likely that the code and whatever was used for the DB dates from the 1960s-70s (likely a mixture of COBOL, JCL, and who knows what else), and has fixed-width columns for the data fields, with the password configured to something small.

I'd say most if not all of this code is probably running on some IBM mainframe from the 1980s or 90s - possibly later - and likely in some kind of emulation or backwards compatibility mode (so something from the 80s/90s would likely allow for running S/360 stuff, and so forth).

The actual hardware, though, has either been scrapped or is in a museum somewhere. There are very, very few instances of organizations still running "ancient" hardware (though the few that are tend to be known by the mainframe collecting community from what I understand).
The data is empirical, based on comparative results of some files I've mananged to get my hands on over the years.
I can't argue on MitM, because I haven't worked with traffic and traffic analysis, but when it comes to malicious executables and exploits, it's definitely worth the mitm inconvenience.

Ironically speaking, privacy concerned users are mostly IT-versed which can evade most of malware effects by just being attentive and caucios, while my mother, for example, doesn't care about MitM'ing her traffic, while I do care about her vising some shady sites while watching her beloved internet series.

Bottom line, if you are well versed, you probably can limit yourself to the default windows defender, but when it comes to successful unreleased exploits or a computer/user that is likely to download/run unknown executables some high-end vendor might be faster than other researches
> but having no AV gives the banks a reason to reject the claim

a good reason to only do banking on an iPad/iPhone...
JP2's Labor on Marx
Submarines have always been an underdog's weapon to some extent, ever since they were used by the South in the US civil war. If you expect your navy to be outclassed, but still want to build one, stealth is one of the few options.
> Brute force: not quite possible

> Dictionary: you'd need to guess my complex passphrase

Totally doable. You don't brute force the key, you brute force the passphrase that protects the key. Ask five eyes if password-protected GPG keys are impenetrable. A very large computer, smart algorithm, and good sigint can make short work of a "complex" passphrase. The difference between the password manager and memorized passwords is, if you crack the password manager, you have all the keys. If you memorize passwords, they have to intercept each key to compromise it. The most basic attack vector goes from "exfiltrate data one time" to "intercept all logins for a month".

Cold boot and evil maid also work better against someone who unlocks their gpg key for longer than a second, and extra code = extra possibility for bugs.
While that's a ridiculous belief, it isn't a racist belief.
How would I describe myself? Three words. Hard-working, Alpha male, Jackhammer, Merciless, Insatiable.
Doesn't letting it "fall" in the number of yuan per dollar actually mean it's stronger, i.e. more valuable?
> The 46,225 square millimeters of silicon in the Cerebras WSE house 400,000 AI-optimized, no-cache, no-overhead, compute cores

> But Cerebras has designed its chip to be redundant, so one impurity won’t disable the whole chip.

This sounds kinda clever to a semi-layperson. Has this been attempted before? Edit: at this scale. Not single-digit cores CPUs being binned, but 100k+ CPU core chips with some kind of automated core-deactivation on failure.
Who says they look terrible? HN is one of the most beautifully simple sites around. So is Wikipedia. They both have high usability, no garbage ads, clean and simple navigation. Reddit is a mess, but tolerable with ad blocking. I won't even load the 4chan home page to look at it on the off chance it somehow supports them. Craigslist is too clunky for me to list it as "beautifully simple", but some minor UX tweaks would put it in that category. Drudge is hilarious bad, but still far more readable than CNN.
I'm curious to know how you see that being implemented...
A Brief History of Vanity License Plates Gone Wrong
Do you even remember what you put on Twitter, Facebook, various internet forums 9 years ago? I've moved on from nearly everything further back than 2 months.
When would it be clear that these companies are not following up after their statement? How many chances would you give them? Would you ever stop giving them chances?
“Fairly” - implying that they could pay more, but don’t?

Lots of businesses operate on razor thin margins, but still serve if a purpose.

What should be their course of action?
Note: Eclipse Ventures, of which Pierre is a team member, is an investor in Cerebras Systems [0]

[0] https://pitchbook.com/profiles/company/163733-59
I was a little confused when I read your comment and 46 square millimeters. I am guessing you meant 46k square millimeters as the article stated 46,225 square millimeters which yes you are right that is monstrous. Very cool! As a care giver I often discuss with my clients the cool things that have come into existence in their life time and wonder when I get old what things will my children reflect back on and say grandpa you were alive when “x” was invented how neat. Personally I am hoping it is fusion power.
I don't think any will disappear completely, but some will become less prevalent.

Since tele-presence is becoming more reliable, I imagine we'll see office-less businesses start showing up in the next decade, at least in areas with reliable internet.
I looked at the guy's pie charts of working time, and unless I'm reading them wrong, he _never sleeps_. He has all 24 hours of the day marked as mostly work.
This is one of the first of what will probably be a number of announcements out of the Hot Chips conference, happening now through Tuesday on the Stanford campus.

https://www.hotchips.org
Honestly I don’t get it why simply using mio (epoll, kqueue, iocp wrapper) is so unpopular.
I have a conspiracy theory kicking around in my head that Softbank might be a money laundering or tax saving scam of some sort.

Why else would you invest 300 million in a dog walking app ?
I'm big on evidence based, but I'm also not sure I believe evidence can be adequately demonstrated. The PL used is a tool for the programmer. If you take other disciplines, has their ever been proper evidence that some tools are better then others for any practice? What knife a chef chooses to use, what design a F1 car incorporates, etc. It seems a lot of it depends on the practitioner's style and symbiosis.

Most evidence based research into PL seems very inadequate, and I'm not sure we'll ever have good experiments. How do you measure the language over its level of mastery? Certain novice somewhat being more productive or making less bugs on trivial programs in beginner contexts doesn't tell you much.

Also, the very clear PL improvements have mostly been universally adopted. Lexical scopes for example, if/else conditionals, procedures, runtime types, GCs, dependency managers, unit and integ tests, etc.

It's only the insignificant details which are often debated. And for those, I think it becomes much more a decision to be made by masters, like your favourite chef knife, you pick what best fits your style and maximises your own productivity while minimizing your own weaknesses.
'Consumer' is a cold, impersonal word. 'Customer' hints that there's a human on the other end.

My web service client is a JSON consumer, but I'm a store's customer. It doesn't work the other way.
Except this doesn't retain the crucial information: why? It looks arbitrary. The thought that "some countries have sales tax rules dependent on the day of the week" may or may not be obvious from the context. At the very least, the comment pins a point in the space of all possible reasons for that piece of code - with it, you know it's related to sales tax and week days, and isn't e.g. a workaround for the bug with NaNs in tax rates that you saw on the issue tracker last week.
I would like to read more about this many eyes hypothesis (and its falsification). Could you please share some links for the same?
Sure, but to know that the critical 3% is, you typically need to first build it, and then measure it. Only in rare cases is it so blindingly obvious that the part you are working on will be in the critical 3%; nearly always, you need to actually measure first. To be able to measure, you must first build.
One Day Left Go Cloud Native Training Bundle Sale
It's complicated. Any war between the US and China will likely be over disputed territories in the South China Sea, the reunification of Taiwan, maybe taking South Korea. The US can't invade the Chinese mainland, and China can't project power to the US mainland. The only way such a way ends is when both sides come to the negotiating table, where victory or defeat will be determined by political factors. The US wins by blocking shipping. China wins by destroying ships and bases. The political fallout from losing a carrier would probably be enough to bring the US to the table.
>Got it. "my sick dying relative > your sick dying relative". Total morally reasonable now, thanks for clearing that up.

Yes, either that or one's own health being potentially at fault and having to wait too long for treatment. I didn't mean to insinuate that it was a morally correct choice; only that I thought it was a perspective not being considered. Better healthcare for all is a good thing and is something many people support, but doing so at cost of a loved one's health makes the decision far more difficult.
Learning Smalltalk can improve your skills as a programmer
I think this can explain why individual companies don't go out of their way to behave better when it hurts their bottom line. But why don't companies come together to advocate for better standards overall, so that no one in particular is put at a disadvantage? Seems like a culture issue, not just the iron laws of economics and competition.
Given the sheer amount of innovation and R&D Asian countries have contributed to modern technology and especially phones, it's really myopic to say "western inventions". Even a cursory look into the volume of white papers and research literature today is saturated with Asian, Iranian, Arabic and South American names. The idea of western inventions is an outdated myth.
Maybe eject the card between tests?
There is an HTML control called <datalist> that is a dropdown with integrated search:

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/da...
Interesting what will be the price and power consumption. Does it need specialized server with huge power supply module?
whitepaper: https://www.cerebras.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Cerebras...

I don't expect good yields from a chip that takes up the whole wafer. They must disable cores and pieces of SRAM that are damaged. How is this programmed?
‘.ss’ is the most obvious ext for “SharpScript”, but that only applies for stand-alone scripts where you can also use .html extension since most of time it’s used as a template language inside HTML pages that’s embedded inside a .NET/Core App to provide dynamic scripting, in which case ‘.ss’ is never used.
If you want to use epoll directly in Rust, go right ahead. Nothing is stopping you. You don't have to switch to C++ to use epoll.

It's pretty clear that most people don't want to write and maintain that kind of code, though—that's what async/await is for. Personally, I hate writing state machines.
Ask HN: Compiled Web App
I desperately want to build radically fast and lean web apps.

My stack at the moment is nginx > nodejs > sqlite.
To step it up I want to replace nodejs with a compiled app.
What language should I use ?

Precision : I'd prefer a C-like language since I'm comfortable in JS and C.

- C/C++ are excluded for obvious reasons.

- D looks REALLY nice but lacks momentum at first glance. (few packages - only one for async-http, one for sqlite - and a not-so-busy forum)

- Go ? I'd like to avoid it.

- Zig : as alluring as D but not stabilized.

- Rust : too unfamiliar.
Goldman's partnership today is that in name only. Prior to the firms IPO new partners did indeed have to buy their way in (via loans!).
>With tabs, you can't do that unless you mix tabs and spaces -- which is not cool at all.

There's no problem mixing tabs and spaces iff by 'mixing' you mean 'adding some spaces for alignment after the tabs for indentation. Though I think there are very, very few situations where that's actually meaningfully beneficial over adding another tab beyond those for the nominal indentation of the block.
Fun, but I couldn't figure out how to select a color (left-most bottom-menu icon) and have it transfer over to the play area (middle icon).
It's neither. They account for half of the retail JPY corparate market. Much different and smaller market than overall (institutional) corporate market. Half of JPY corporate markets is an astronomical number that doesn't pass a basic sniff test.

https://www.ft.com/content/24c4a8a8-7885-11e9-bbad-7c18c0ea0...
I do agree that's an issue, although I wouldn't put it as drastic as you did.

I was working on a Flask project many years ago and it didn't seem straightforward to "vendor" dependencies with the `pip install` paradigm. Guess I was wrong.

https://medium.com/underdog-io-engineering/vendoring-python-...

There's a reason why virtualenv and similar exist. Another interesting point. Gentoo Linux (which uses Python in the Portage package manager) doesn't support installing modules as system (by default) to presumably avoid breaking the system package manager.
> Not at all. TCP already does its own rate limiting without external throttling.

Individually, cars brake on the freeway to avoid hitting the car in front of them.

Collectively on a busy freeway, that sets off a chain reaction that results in the familiar rush hour crawl.

Minnesota did a study in 2001 on the effect of ramp meters, and disabling the meters (ie, removing throttling) resulted in statistically significant increase in overall freeway travel times.[0]

Statistically multiplexed shared networks like mobile wireless face similar issues. For a single TCP session the only metrics that can be divined by the endpoints are round-trip time and loss. As the shared network reaches capacity, larger numbers of TCP connections all back off around the same time, but large flows are more aggressive at ramping up than smaller flow (email/instant messaging, etc) and can result in an effective breakdown of network usability. A network control that has visibility to multiple flows and awareness of capacity of the system can influence overall performance much more effectively.

Ideally mobile providers would be trying to shoot for maintaining uniform latency per flow, similar to what queuing strategies like CoDel[1] achieve, but that's likely beyond the CPU and buffering capabilities of their existing hardware. Lacking the perfect solution, it's human nature to move on to the next approach: managing the biggest problem. Video is usually easy to identify, and so it wins the "able to be managed" prize.

[0]http://www.dot.state.mn.us/rampmeter/study.html
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoDel
An amazing stride in computing power. I'm not convinced that the issue is really about more hardware. While more hardware will definitely be useful once we understand AI, we still don't have a fundamental understanding of how AGI works. There seem to be more open questions than solved ones. I think what we have now is best described as:

"Given a well stated problem with a known set of hypotheses, a metric that indicates progress towards the correct answer, and enough data to statistically model this hypothesis space, we can efficiently search for the local optimum hypothesis."

I'm not sure doing that faster is going to really "create" AGI out of thin air, but it may be necessary once we understand how it can be done (it may be an exponential time algo that requires massive hardware to execute).
If you divide that giant piece of silicon into 400k processors, and then only use the ones that actually work...

I wonder if they figure that out every time the CPU boots, or at the factory. At this scale, maybe it makes sense to do it all in parallel at boot. Or, even dynamically during runtime.

There may be edge case cores that sort of work, and then won't work at different temps, or after aging?
ROC has 300K active and 3.9M reserve forces according to Wikipedia. Moreover, the Taiwanese people like the US much more than the Chinese. China putting troops in Taiwan would be very hard to accomplish before the US could retaliate. Even if they succeeded, hold the island would be difficult when faced with internal sabotage and a US threat to reclaim the island.

One of the first political acts of the US would undoubtedly be to officially recognize the state of Taiwan. Given how much of the world relies on Taiwan's manufacturing output, other countries would be close behind and China would be looking at a joint liberation force rather than China vs the US.