skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Is there any data on the cost per transistor not going down? They seem to be able to pack an awful lot onto chips these days, the current record apparently being Samsungs 1tb memory chip with 2 trillion.
"Most of the code you write is run by an operating system, so you should know how those interact."

All of the code you write is run by one or more CPUs; operating systems provide supporting software, they don't "run" programs (although they may schedule them for execution, which isn't the same).

</pedant-mode>
Road Trip Through Sri Lanka
Sassy! Uninformed, but sassy!

It’s is substituting one fossil fuel product that is buried in the ground with a fissile fuel that’s about to be tossed in the ocean.

Would it be better to recycle said fissile fuel? Somewhat [0], but recycling is very hard and is not going to happen any time soon.

[0] recycling the plastic is only better if you also substitute the need to burn most any fissile fuels (since you could always make CH4 from the plastic) We’re not there yet, so burning plastic is probably the best we can do using scalable, easily accessible and proven technology.
Go ahead and get your free copy of Avi Wigderson's Mathematics and Computation https://www.math.ias.edu/avi/book.

Broadly speaking there are two types of "CS Theory":

1. "What is computation and what can be computed?" That's what Wigderson's book is about. Complexity theory.

2. "What's the best way to compute something?" covered by "Introduction to Algorithms" and the like -- sth people ask on interview questions. In addition to the references here, http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/~laci/17discrete/ gives some good puzzles to work through.
It’s grammar, not alphabet. Weird things are dialects and simplified forms. You can still say “ego” as it’s written and that will be correct. Eventually the language grammar will allow writing “evo” (Alphabet will stay relevant)
If I were with you I'd not necessarily write anything.

Id put out my fingers 3 characters wide to the first substring and step through the rest of it in 3 char 'spans' with my fingers. I'd say "extract each substring, put it into a map with that substring as the key and either 1 as the value if it wasn't already present, or if it was, increment the value"

I'd probably not bother mentioning how to extract the results unless asked.

If someone said that to me it would show the solution, and I'd be 100% happy.

I'd assume that they could then render that into code - perhaps that would be a mistaken assumption though but in my experience solving the core problem is the thing I'm interested in, not the syntax. But those with more experience may say the former doesn't always imply the latter, and the code needs to be shown.
Why does it refetch?
And in many places, tap water is vastly inferior or straight up unsafe to drink over bottled water. When I was growing up the only way to safely drink tap water was to boil it first, which is a major pain in the ass if you just want to drink something.
Perfect answer, I second this.
Impressive visualisation. Seems to be an extrusion of the Kadaster (government) building data towards the maximum height of the structure.

Much more precise data is also also available: there are height maps of NL with a resolution of 5 points per square meter, IIRC (not my field). Eg [1], but perhaps more parties do similar work.

[1]: https://ahn.arcgisonline.nl/Postcodetool/s2.html?app=Postcod...

And as mentioned elsewhere, they indeed misrepresent renovations & construction work as building dates.
Thanks for sharing! Yes, the NuttX International Workshop was amazing!

I am finishing the video editing of the lecture recordings and it will be available on NuttX Channel at YouTube. Stay tuned!
Is that a joke?

- 10% of the plastic I dispose of doesn’t end up in the ocean because I live in a civilised country that disposes of it in the places made for it’s disposal.

- Plastic is incinerated in special chambers that make sure everything burns to a simple combination of CO2+H2O, while your home probably doesn’t have the necessary equipment to do so.
You do have a good point. Plastic wrapped cucumbers seems to be the poster child that gets rolled out because it increases the shelf life so much, I envisage use always using at least some plastic, it's advantages aren't going to disappear.

But we can do better, I've seen cucumbers with a 2nd outer plastic bag, you don't need that. All the packaging with mixed materials at the moment can't really be recycled, theres a huge amount of plastic packaged, and plastic made things, that don't need to be.

Its worth pointing out that lots of people are coming at this from different angles. Some people have seen Blue Planet and don't want to pollute the ocean, some people want a sustainable solution, and some people want a low/no co2 solution. Neither of these perfectly aligns. You're looking at it from a co2/energy point of view, there are others who see plastic as unsustainable because it can't be infinitely recycled, so the glass in still better.
Yes exactly: Python is dominant at the moment, because it has a head start, but it's not because Python is uniquely suited to the problem by any means.

This is the same logic one might have used to conclude that the LAMP stack would be dominant forever in web development if you took a snapshot of the world in 2004.
The supplementary appendix about predicting important events by observing changes in censorship rate before the event happens is very interesting.
Thanks. This is gold.
It was not quite that segregated.

By the late 80's things like the Fred Fish disks included source for a lot of the programs, many ported from Unix systems with according licenses attached.

Microemacs, a variation of which Linus is a known longtime user, for example, occurs in various versions on multiple Fish disks.

I'm skeptical of attributing the crossover so strongly to Linus - e.g. while Aminet postdates Linux, I was used to source and sharing of source via Aminet well before I'd even heard of Linux, but before that also Fish disks and other of disks.

What is definitively true is that there was a big uptick as more people got modems and were getting exposed more to free software thinking.
if you use it for combined heat and power the efficiency is far higher
In a way, we already have the "perfect alphabet" -- the International Phonetic Alphabet[1] that linguists use to describe the sounds of all languages.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabe...
About the industry at large: lots of changes ahead.

Take a look at this: https://www.hotchips.org/program/

For the first time in a long while they gave the entire first day to non-semi companies: Amazon, Google, Microsoft

Nobody could've imagine the industry turning this way a decade ago.
I think the point is that if you were to scale Assisi up to ~20m, with a similar population density as Sao Paulo, it would still be ugly. It's a problem of population density.
Instead of an ad, here's a good description of the situation:https://semiengineering.com/why-scaling-must-continue/

Tl;Dr - old Moore's law is dead , but our new systems(ai , gpu...) still need a huge number of transistors , beyond what can be made on a single chip today, so scaling is still valuable.
Indeed there are so many things one could be concerned about..

- An asteroid could wipe out all life on Earth.
- The supervolcano known as Yellowstone might erupt. Again.
- Supernova gamma ray burst might hit the planet, sterilising it (and us).
- A massive and catastrophic solar flare hitting Earth.
- If Carl Sagan is correct, and extra-terrestrial intelligent life does exist, and they turn out to be belligerant, Earth could be attacked.
- A global pandemic caused by some super-disease suddenly emerging.

And this is 100% going to happen: our own life-giving star, Sol, WILL destroy the planet in a few billion years time.

Also 100% going to happen; you will die at some point between now and the next 70 or less years, depending on your age, genetics, health, propensity for dangerous sports or activites, whether you look out for fast moving vehicles whilst crossing the road, whether or not an aircraft falls on you.

And so on.

Of course, we humans should try and keep Spaceship Earth in good running condition. Finding ways of reducing waste and keeping our environment clean and healthy is of utmost importance.

As for Global Warming?

This is where I trigger potential downvotes - please don't do this just because I might disagree with you, it's just not cricket old bean.

I am yet to be convinced that human beings are the main cause of Global Warming. This has, despite any protestations to the contrary, not been proven. Global Warming theory is still just a theory, and just to head this one off at the pass, no, pointing out that "gravity is also just a theory" is a fallacious argument.

I am yet to be convinced human beings are responsible for a changing global climate. Global Climate Change is a thing, yes, and that climate has been changing since the formation of planet Earth 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years ago. I don't think humans can possibly affect this planet in terms of /global/ Climate Change in any measurable magnitude. There are forces which affect and cause /global/ Climate Change which are vastly more powerful than us mere humans.

Humans can affect their local climate for sure - a city has a different local climate compared to an equivalent area of wildland. All that tarmac and concrete does have an effect locally. But to suggest that the human race - which inhabits a small percentage of the landcover of a planet of which two thirds of its surface is water - is the main cause of Climate Change, reeks of hubris and agenda.

The best thing we humans can do is to put things into perspective, deal with a dynamic, ever-changing global climate which is out of our control, try our best to keep the place tidy - we do need more effort on that front - do what we humans are great at doing which is coming up with great and new technologies (I'm looking at you, fusion power to be a workable thing within my lifetime!), and make the most of our individual limited time on this Earth by following your aspirations and fulfilling your potential.
> But not all alphabets are equally good for a specific language

why do you say that?

The relationship between a letter[0] and the sound is entirely arbitrary - I could write 'A' and pronounce it as 'T'. Why would one set of charcters be less fit than another?

[0] or symbol, more broadly eg. in welsh 'dd' and 'ff' are letters, even though 'd' and 'f' also exist in the alphabet. And in english we have sounds not represented by a single letter eg. 'th' sound
You are right, I totally missed that.

However now, in that case actually no renewable source of energy - wind, solar, geo thermal.. (other than perhaps hydro) can fulfill the need of sudden burst of energy - wind is like any other.
What does “don't just rely on a fixed rate of return for capital spent” mean precisely?
Sunday: The Sermon on the Mount
Gay Sohbet Odaları
"The first step here was to figure out how to load the data. That ended up being fiddly enough that I decided to break that off into its own post." this is exactly why we have R and pandas!! Julia is doing an increasingly excellent job of it as well.
I don’t remember security being the reason flash was killed, but rather mobile being the culprit. Flash on first gen smartphone was just impossible to run, it was slow, not meant for touch, basically a horrible user experience that also drained batteries.

So, most ads skipped to JS or gif animation, and most game developers rushed to develop for the app stores (where money could supposedly be made much more easily than on the web).
Interesting read, but I still think the sentence in the article which most resonates with me is:

> Buying without plastic is a privilege. It’s the pricier goods that are plastic free.

Perhaps people still need to lead the way by first buying the more expensive, plastic free alternatives, before we see a real change, but to me this is still the biggest kicker. The article also says, "frozen food doesn’t depend on plastic to keep it fresh or to protect it from spoils". Is that true? What about vegetables (peas, sweetcorn etc.) I'm probably being thick, but what else do they come bagged in?
Wouldn't the International Phonetic Alphabet be a good starting point ?
Looks more like a souped up `watch` [1] than `parallel` to me. Nice tool!

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_(Unix)
And even better, you can view the underlying data as a 3d point cloud here: (crashed my Firefox on mobile) http://potree.entwine.io/data/ahn.html
How Slack Harms Projects
IMO, Google and similar require you to spend a lot of time preparing and training stuff you won't need to select for:

a. hard workers, who will just do what is required without fussing

b. people who really want to work there, either because of the fantastic comp or because they drank the cool aid or they genuinely want to work on specific stuff that nobody else except the tech giants does.

I agree that it basically hazing, and has similar purposes - it discourages from applying people who are not hard workers or just don't care about working at a FAANG that much. As long as they still get tons of candidates, it's a great initial filter.
There are technologies that have just not been ready until relatively recently.

Design, material, manufacture, deployment and operation of very large blades is both critical and hard.

A key operating constraint is keeping blade-tips below the speed of sound. To design the monsters that are currently being deployed, computer modelling would not have been adequate even fifteen years ago.

Similarly, carbon fiber is finally getting scale economies from more than one industry. But it couldn't have been cost effective in the 1970s.
And the best ways to get rid of these errors is to visualize them like done here!
Version Museum
How do airlines accommodate passengers who have allergies to these animals? Do they let them know before the board that there will be an animal they're allergic to on board? Do they have to wait for the next flight, or does the passenger with the animal have to wait?
Maybe it’s just me, but I imagine that if I want anything at all after watching “Finding Dory” or “Finding Nemo”, it would not be a real fish, but a stuffed Dory or Nemo.
As a kid in Bangladesh, where random power outages were a regular occurrence, I’d never have imagined people in the west actually seriously proposing to adopt what was for us a poverty-driven behavior.
They're saying they sell your information, but not your personal information. And then they say that any information they get isn't personal.
"- any plastic you use goes to landfill. In your back yard"

Even if it does end up in landfill, id be more confident of the rubbish actually staying in a landfill, than a shallow pit in the garden. What happens if a mouse finds and eats it? Its in the food chain. What happens if $burrowing_mammal digs it up?

Plus you're removing it from official figures. Some politician can look at the figures and declare "problem solved" when in fact it dispersed all over the country, and virtually impossible to fix.
Sure, but fuels are useful and if the power is effectively free, why not make them?
Once I have a Windows VM that's stable, with the apps that I usually need, the rest of it takes little time. Mainly it's Excel that I need. And I need it to use all available CPU cores. I suppose that might work in Wine, but that seems like an iffy approach.

Why do I take such precautions? Well, I've been an anonymous coward for a couple decades. I've corresponded with many people, and played with many projects. I honestly have no idea who might be after me, or for what. Ideally, nobody, for nothing. But ...

Given that, I take whatever precautions I practically can.

And it's also a hobby. Perhaps like building little ships in glass bottles. But hopefully maybe useful to someone.
This is the official viewer by the creators of the dataset, Kadaster (our land registry office): https://bagviewer.kadaster.nl/lvbag/bag-viewer/index.html#?g...
Personally I hope for alternatives because I don't find Python that nice to work with compared to other languages. It's not awful, but I really miss having type and nullability errors detected by the compiler and reported to me with meaningful error messages.

Also there are a few weird things with the Python workflow, like dealing with Python2 vs Python3, and generally having to run everything in the context of a virtual environment, and the fact that it doesn't seem to really have a single "right way" to deal with dependency management. It's a bit like the story with imports in Javascript: those problems were never really solved, and the popular solutions are just sort of bolted on to the language.

It's amazing how many great tools there are available in Python, but it does sometimes seem like it's an under-powered tool which has been hacked to serve bigger problems than it was intended for.
> maybe even playing with colors to indicate if verbs form a train or other composition. I understand that is a quite different problem from just substituting @: with o̲.

With regards to how different of a problem that would be, J's syntax is context-sensitive. If you were to accurately identify trains and forks, you could not use regex, and would probably end up implementing a subset of the J parser.
As an NLP developer, I did like the aside on hyphen purgatory - I think that can serve as the basis for a strategy on the news ingestor in development. The vocabulary is currently riddled with hyphenated words :-(
For the Soviet equivalent, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_you_are_lynching_Negroes
It’s not that clear cut. Virtual Memory for example is not just hardware.
vastly cheaper than natural gas?

Natural gas has negative pricing right now due to being stranded in production!
You should start reading The Art of Computer Programming by Donald Knuth, and solve all exercises (including ones having difficulty level 50). If you catch up finishing all currently existing volumes before Knuth finishes, with all the exercises answered thoroughly; you can consider yourself a self-taught algorithms expert.
I've found Outlook's not too bad actually, and at least they support ActiveSync and MAPI for desktop and mobile. I always had the most problems with Gmail over IMAP.
I already addressed your question in another comment, but I would like to write a second point: a book seems to me the wrong way to go.
Unless your friend is a natural born comp. scientist, she'll need someone to point out what's important, what's not, which exercises she must solve before moving on and which topics she can take in parallel if she needs a break.

Of course, a course takes time. But if someone doesn't find the time to take an online course, where will they find the time to (properly) read the book?
There is a very interesting part "No complaints from senior developers".
I don't play games. And even if I did, I'd never pass a physical GPU to a VM. That's almost as iffy as direct access to physical storage.
It's also a lot younger. Hangul has ~600 years of history, which isn't that much in language terms, compared to Cyrillic which is more like 1500 years, IIRC.
Looks like DNS-level blocking from the WiFi gateway or ISP. When a blacklisted domain is requested, it gets IP pointing to the site with that notification, not the actual IP of the requested domain.

This can be overridden by manually setting DNS servers on the phone or computer to non-filtering public DNS servers, eg. 1.1.1.1 or 8.8.8.8.
> Beef production is 100% efficient at producing beef. Milk production is 100% efficient at producing milk.

Alright, I think there is little point in continuing this discussion. You don't seem to understand what "efficient" means and have weak, unrelated, unsubstantiated retorts for everything. I'm sure you'll always argue that beef isn't that bad/"is efficient for what it is" regardless of the reality (which is saying a lot considering beef is the worst of all the meats).

You are free to eat what you want, but at least own up to the reality of your food choices.
> It was not quite that segregated.

Fully agree.

> Microemacs, a variation of which Linus is a known longtime user, for example, occurs in various versions on multiple Fish disks.

I knew Vim came from the Amiga community as a vi clone. But I didn't know Microemacs was originally a microcomputer Emacs clone. Thanks for your comment.

History is interesting, isn't it?
That may be a part of it, but it's mostly due to homeownership. Germany is a super risk-averse country, thus few people invest their money. Most people hold everything in cash, thus they get very low returns. It's also the reason why they are hit so hard in a low-interest environment.

https://jakubmarian.com/wealth-per-capita-by-country-in-euro...

It's describing the median wealth based on a Credit Suisse Wealth Report

You can also find these results in the ING research ("Surprising differences between countries", page 14ff):
https://www.ezonomics.com/pdf/Household-wealth-in-Europe.pdf

"When dividing the Eurozone into a group of countries often labeled as ‘core’11and a group of Southern-European12countries, it turns out that Southern-European households are more capable of keeping up their standard of living compared with those living in the core countries (see figure 18)"

"It is striking that German households have fewer assets than Eurozone households have on average. They not only own relatively little real estate(see figure 20)but also hold less financial assets than is common in the Eurozone(see figure 21)."
I tried something similar, learning a chess representation, and move predictor with a simple linear fastText model: https://github.com/thomasahle/fastchess

It turns out that you can get surprisingly good accuracy (27.5%) at predicting moves from the chess world championship, even though the model is linear and has no idea of piece interactions.
Network Reconnaissance and Vulnerability Excavation of Secure DDS Systems
Reading Wikipedia articles mostly.
Most of these answers seem to be books about algorithms.

Computer science is much broader than that; it includes databases, AI (not the same as algorithms!), computer architecture, topics such as hardware interfacing, history of computing, and some overlap with areas in philosophy.

I didn't ever formally study CS, but I did read several books on algorithms. Especially notable is the seven-volume work "The Art of Computer Programming" by Donald Knuth; in particular the volumes "Fundamental Algorithms", "Sorting and Searching", and "Seminumerical Algorithms" are timeless masterpieces, entertaining and witty, and they totally nail their subject-matter. If you think CS is equivalent to "algorithms", then read these books.

N.B. I understand that some of these books have been re-written to use a revised version of Knuth's MIX machine language, to allow the examples to embody modern developments such as pipelines, caches, and parallelism. I haven't read these updated editions; no doubt they are even better than the originals.

But I think CS is a much broader field than algorithms.

[edit] Harrumph. Wikipedia says that only three-and-a-bit volumes have yet been published. Seven volumes was the original plan. Smacks a little of George R. R. Martin?
>Take a string, for example "ABCCABC" and count the number of times each 3 character substring occurs. In this case the answer would be 2xABC 1xBCC 1xCCA 1xCAB.

Can be done in O(n) time with a hash table.
Yes, that’s what they do, it’s called a levelized cost. These costs usually come with a sensitivity analysis of the impact of the different assumptions.

Wind or solar is actually often commissioned using a power purchase agreement for a certain price per kWh, guaranteed over a certain period.