skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Free-running a Z80, standalone, is pretty simple. I found these good videos covering the process:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFIviiwPrLI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZb4NLXx1aM

(There are other examples, but both of those videos were nice and clear to me.)

I didn't want to start on just an EEPROM, because even if everything worked my diagnostics would be limited to LEDs. Using the arduino to provide the control also allowed me to react to "IN (X), A" and "OUT (X), A" instructions - in my case I use those to perform I/O to the serial console the Arduino is using.

I've got a simple monitor running to allow me to enter programs, dump RAM, and call routines. But the next step is something more programmable - as I guess I mentioned.

Good luck anyway! It's a fun project for sure. I started coding on a Z80-based home-computer in the 80s, so there's a lot of nostalgia.
Yup, if, say, you have a mortgage at 3.5%, paying principal off early is ~equivalent to a 3.5% risk-free rate
I have noticed recently that when using Firefox the need to repeatedly spot traffic lights or fire hydrants 5 or 6 times in a row seems to have gone away. It now seems that I only need to do it once now so perhaps someone at Google fixed the glitch?
flying requires an order of magnitude more energy compared to driving. It won't be be a feasible method of mass transportation anytime soon.
I just completed part four in my blog post series, RISC-V from scratch, throughout which I explore various low-level concepts (compilation and linking, primitive runtimes, assembly, and more), typically through the lens of RISC-V and its ecosystem.

In this post, we continue implementation of our virt QEMU UART driver by implementing a function prologue for our two functions, uart_get_char and uart_put_char. Changes to the stack and registers are diagrammed and explained instruction-by-instruction.

You don't need to have read any of the previous posts to understand or follow along with this one. You can expect to learn about what a function prologue is, why it's sometimes necessary, and how to both recognize and implement one.

I enjoyed making this post. I hope you might be able to take something from it, too! Feel free to leave any questions, comments, or corrections here or as a comment on the post itself.
reCAPTCHA v2 has prevented me from doing so many things. A recent example: I attempted to make a LinkedIn account. When I got to the captcha, it gave me one of the really nasty ones where you wait for each new image square to slowly appear, and almost every new square also contains a bus or whatever it wants me to click. Then after hitting submit, it still thinks I’m a bot, so I get sent back to another captcha, infinitely. I never ended up creating the account. I attribute this to me using ublock and not using google products, but I can’t say for certain, and I’m not changing that just so I can pass a captcha. One of the stated purposes of reCAPTCHA v2 is to prevent actions from taking place altogether by wasting a user/bot’s time, so this was probably one of those cases. Somehow it felt certain I was a bot, so to prevent the signup from being possible it instead sent me on an infinite captcha solving tangent. It would have been nice to know before solving tons of them that this would never work and I was just wasting my time.
“Johnny, You’re Fired” is fun but it has no impact and doesn't really do anything interesting cryptographically so it should not win.

The unpleasant truth is that you're faking something that users weren't even looking at. The _only_ way either S/MIME or PGP email could have made any dent whatsoever outside of a narrow crypto nerd fanbase is if the default behaviour for every message that doesn't verify was it is discarded unread. And that was never realistically going to happen.
I completely agree that funding will change dramatically in the next few years, and that the phenotype of founders will change. YC is doing a lot of awesome things to lead this change.

Historically, most $10B+ biotherapeutics companies were started by young technical founders, but most VCs today start companies in house, then hire older, non technical execs from big pharma to run the companies. Most of these companies are built to sell, and will never be lasting companies. I wrote several articles on this [0], [1], [2], [3]

This model is poorly suited for companies based on innovative platform tech. Technical founders (biologists, bioengineers) are the right people for these companies. In this way, biotech is very much like the tech startup world pre-YC

However, I don't necessarily agree that the world is changing because starting a biotech company is getting cheaper. And I don't think the traditional tech funding model is right for biotech.

The biggest risk in biotech is that stuff that works in mice doesn't work in people. You need to filter out false positives early on to avoid spending $200M getting a drug that wont likely work to Phase 2. It is better to spend $2M properly vetting the science than it is to go cheap and fast and cut corners. The reason biotech VCs have done so well the last 10 years is that they are really good at finding bad science quickly. The mentality of "spend as little money as possible to quickly generate positive data to raise more money" is the mindset that leads to the reproducibility crisis in academia and, in extreme cases, to companies like theranos

Starting a biotech company is cheaper, but it has been cheaper for a while. The big change now is that biotech companies can get bigger because scientific innovations are letting us develop better medicines faster with higher probability of success. 10 years ago, it was unlikely for a biotherapeutics startup to exit for over $500M. Now we see dozens of $1b+ exits a year

Companies are getting bigger, and they are getting big faster. Kite, Juno and Avexis (gene and cell therapy leaders) reached $8-10B valuations faster than SpaceX, Twitter, Pinterest and Dropbox.

It is now possible to power law invest in biotech, which was impossible 10 years ago when you had to get venture returns for a fund in a world where the best exit you could hope for was $500M. In that world, VCs have to get consistent singles and doubles: low risk, low valuations. Now investors can take more risk (including management risk) and invest at higher valuations

But they need to take smart risks. Product cycles in biotech are still much more expensive and long than tech. You need to diligence the science and be thoughtful.

[0] https://www.baybridgebio.com/blog/young_founders.html

[1] https://www.baybridgebio.com/blog/young_founders_1.html

[2] https://www.baybridgebio.com/blog/young_founders_2.html

[3] https://www.baybridgebio.com/blog/young_founders_3.html
A Dictionary Server Protocol
> they were made mainstream by news orgs looking to attack any venue or message their political opponents have as racist/murderous/etc

I don't get it. The shooter was, in fact, racist and murderous, as was the toxic community on 8chan he was radicalized in.

You're saying these people were only racist and murderous because the "news orgs" called them racist and murderous? They were actually racist and murderous! What should the "news orgs" say?
Well it turns out gun crime under totalitarian regimes is usually pretty low. So it's not very useful to say things like "Look at North Korea! They have way lower gun deaths and mass shootings rates than America!"

If you trade all of your freedoms for securities, you too can have a totalitarian regime that keeps you safe. It's a "slippery" slope that can take centuries, but you just keep losing a few freedoms here, a few there, and pretty soon your monolithic monstrosity of a government holds all the cards.
4chan used the "internet hate machine" meme for quite some time.

https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/internet-hate-machine?full=1
Usually it's best to "cancel" the contract immediately after signing, then when the cancellation comes in effect a year later it's easy to get the new customer rate again.
Won't work if Google doesn't trust you enough. Which is, by the way, also a major problem.
Clinton and CALEA don't get enough credit for creating the infrastructure of the modern American surveillance state.
I just tweeted a video of me doing nonsensical "Rotate the ball" puzzles to login to Hotels.com. I couldn't even tell what the pictures were!
https://twitter.com/AustinZHenley/status/1158430726888407040
Hi, do you have some source or paper on this approach? I don’t mean to dispute this but have never heard of it before and a quick query didn’t turn up any results, rather the opposite (decay processes happening on the sea floor, not sure whether / or in what amounts those release co2 again).
That's because no one seriously wants to confiscate cars.
That analogy is problematic because it makes no connection between the price of hens and their perceived ability to generate wealth.
If you're affecting startup employees' (and prospectives') perceptions of compensation, how do you deal with the appearance of potential conflict of interest, as a YC startup (which presumably has an interest in hiring and compensation by its startups)?

Also, do you have some kind of official fiduciary obligation, as part of giving financial advice? And if so, to whom?

How will giving financial advice mesh with offering financial products?

(I mean these questions constructively, and I figure you have good intentions. These are merely the kinds of questions that come to my finance layperson's mind.)
If you give me a captcha generator I can give you a captcha solver. You have no idea
Taking Metal Music Seriously
What are these miracle bacteria and how do I get them into my own gut (preferably without a fecal transplant)?
To answer your question, I work in optimization.

IMO (International Mathematical Olympiad) are extremely complicated problems that even professional mathematicians often struggle with them. IMO is a level on its own - Gold Standard. Not all Mathematical Olympiads are of the same level of complexity as IMO. Good example are Olympiad caliber problems that are not overkill - Hungarian Problem Books.

MO problems are useful, because they make you think out of box, they often times involve several branches of math in one problem, such as number theory problems go in hand with combinatorics; they don't require complex mathematical machinery, and technique of solving problems, directly translates to solving complex problems in analysis/abstract algebra.
GraphQL+- will still be a thing, since GraphQL doesn't provide all of the things we need to manage a database.

That said, we're working on a pure GraphQL support, which will help with any kind of integration with other GraphQL projects. This is really exciting and will hopefully help many that do not want to spend their time learning Cypher or Gremlin and already know GraphQL.

Another project we're working on is offering Dgraph as a service. We're currently doing this with some of our customers and so we have the expertise and trust on our product necessary to run this service at scale. The ETA for this is not as clear but I do expect to have a private alpha by the end of the year.

I hope that helps, if you have any other questions feel free to join us on https://slack.dgraph.io or https://discuss.dgraph.io, or reach me directly on francesc@dgraph.io
A Tiny Train Departure Board, Just Like the Real Thing
France has 30 millions less people and is 50% bigger than germany (550000km2 vs 350000km2), so no, it is not comparable. Germany is way denser than France, with a lot big cities.
They have been putting some users through multiple challenges with a forced delay/throttling - so you need to actually answer 4 or 5 challenges with a minimum time per challenge of perhaps 5-8 seconds etc.

These users appear to be Firefox users who sandbox Google cookies. That said, it seems to have improved a lot recently (only one challenge)
Buy Facebook Negative Reviews – Clean Smm
thanks for your overview !

Does anyone knows a recapthca2-like service/software, that would help solve such tasks (OCR, object recognition..) on a custom provided dataset ?

It could provide an alternative to recaptcha, and a "Mechanical Turk"/crowdsourcing for universities, institutions or companies to help solve some of their repetitive tasks.
Thanks for sharing these, cool handle name btw :)
I joke about signs of the robot apocalypse eventually showing-up in reCAPTCHA:

"Click on the photos of humans with weapons."

Sometimes I feel like I'm only half-joking, though.
The risk free rate is the interest rate you’re paying on loan minus interest that would be earned in a FDIC insured saving account (around 2.1% currently). Can use money market or high yield corporate bonds yields too.

If you’re an educated, skilled professional who isn’t living a risky life, paying off a 3.5% mortgage is way too risk averse in my opinion. If you’re that worried, save 24 months of mortgage payments/expenses in a savings account, but if you’re not able to bounce back with even some income in 2 years (assuming you didn’t overbuy and aren’t paycheck to paycheck), then something has gone horribly wrong and you probably need to worry about more pressing matters than mortgage debt, like securing food.
I've generally been on the free speech side of this debate, as some of my previous comments on HN will show.

With 8chan, I legitimately don't know what my opinion is. I've read it before, and I spent a few hours reading it this weekend, and it's beyond clear to me that it absolutely had the potential to radicalize shooters and terrorists. I'm not referring to the simple use of racial or ethnic slurs -- of course this was extremely common there, but I don't think this is the part of the site that encouraged actual violence. Rather, among the many ideological threads that were more or less constantly ongoing on 8chan, one of them just straight-up encouraged mass shootings. "The fire rises" is a common phrase I saw there celebrating the frequency of shootings. For instance, here's a quote I saw this weekend (I screenshotted a bunch of stuff like this in anticipation of the site going down):

"holy fucking shit, a third mass shooting toda [referencing an incident near Douglas Park in Chicago], white guy shot 7 people, no one dead yet but the meter is still running!!! shooter still active!!!

its absolutely fucking happening !!! the FIRE RISES!!!"

This was attached to a picture of Trump with the text "it's happening" superimposed.

While 8chan overall was absolutely all over the place, this thread of support for shootings and terrorism was seemingly always present in the background.
I don't know why you're talking about online advertising. People use Tor for a wide variety of reasons, many of which are completely unrelated to whatever business model the target website has. In addition, my comment was about CloudFlare (a MITM) putting reCAPTCHA on other people's websites -- I don't see how advertising is even slightly related to that topic.

I would argue a "better" framing designed to emotionally manipulate would be "why are you trying to block people in oppressive regimes from being able to read about the outside world and organise themselves, putting them in danger of being murdered by their government"? But it would be dishonest to make the discussion about "why do you want to kill people", just as it is dishonest to make the discussion about website business models.
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Working at orgs like Amazon, FB, or Google, show poor character and/or low self-esteem.
Sounds like Google is going to get sued over this incident, and given HR's lack of interest in fixing it, it seems that this kind of behavior is implicitly tolerated by corporate policy. But if I were going to sue my employer, I wouldn't post all my evidence in a public forum; I'd save it for the legal proceedings.
How does that help when Google has decided you’re a bot and you fail no matter how many challenges you solve?
I'm curious how close the research community is to general AI

Nobody knows, because we don't know how to do it yet. There could be a "big breakthrough" tomorrow that more or less finishes it out, or it could take 100 years, or - worst case - Penrose turns out to be right and it's not possible at all.

Also, are there useful books, courses or papers that go into general AI research?

Of course there are. See:

https://agi.mit.edu

https://agi.reddit.com

http://www.agi-society.org/

https://opencog.org/

https://www.amazon.com/Engineering-General-Intelligence-Part...

https://www.amazon.com/Engineering-General-Intelligence-Part...

https://www.amazon.com/Artificial-General-Intelligence-Cogni...

https://www.amazon.com/Universal-Artificial-Intelligence-Alg...

https://www.amazon.com/How-Create-Mind-Thought-Revealed/dp/0...

https://www.amazon.com/Intelligence-Understanding-Creation-I...

https://www.amazon.com/Society-Mind-Marvin-Minsky/dp/0671657...

https://www.amazon.com/Unified-Theories-Cognition-William-Le...

https://www.amazon.com/Master-Algorithm-Ultimate-Learning-Ma...

https://www.amazon.com/Singularity-Near-Humans-Transcend-Bio...

https://www.amazon.com/Emotion-Machine-Commonsense-Artificia...

https://www.amazon.com/Physical-Universe-Oxford-Cognitive-Ar...

See also, the work on various "Cognitive Architectures", including SOAR, ACT-R, CLARION, etc,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_architecture

"Neuvoevolution"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroevolution

and "Biologically Inspired Computing"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologically_inspired_computin...
> But if someone just shows up to work and does nothing, then they're stealing from you and must be punished! It is human nature.

I do realize that far too many people put their faith in the healing power of judgement.

But that is partly because, as a component of that cognative circuit, is that most people have some sort of innate desire to see things as "fair". Certainly not to be the victim! (That's bigger, actually, by far).

People who work with people know who the slackers or the non-producers are. I try to separate those, because some high-output producers can appear to be slackers because they think for 8 days before they type that one magical line of code that saves the project. (It's hard to tell when you are in the trenches day-to-day which may be which).

In any case! (I almost got lost in my parenthetical there), Workers know which co-workers are getting paid to not produce, and know that this wage, applied to a producer would lower their own work load 10% (or whatever), and besides: it's NOT fair! He get's paid $100K/year to not work! And I work my ass off for the same wage! It's enough to make me stop working myself. That will certainly show "them".

At the end of the day, if we do not purge the slacker, morale-rot sets in on the rest of the team, and that's just "bad". Even without the needing to be punitive in our heart, those people must be culled for the continued positive morale of the herd.

Or, so, I thought once. Now - I'm not so sure. But it seemed reasonable at the time!
But what about their less controversial customers?
> If really good people who are able to literally work anywhere are still at your company even though they don't have to be, it's probably doing pretty well. If those same people then turn around and leave the company, you should worry. They are the canaries in the coal mine, and fail first. It takes much longer for it to filter down to the folks who don't have the privilege of having so much flexibility and so many options.

Reminds me of this advice as well; https://steveblank.com/2009/12/21/the-elves-leave-middle-ear...
Show HN: Satlite Space – Broadcast your message to the world using satellite
Over 40 nonsensical CAPTCHA-like puzzles
The article really should have focused on this, it's the only valid concern. There's no proof or references behind the later claims like "THE AVERAGE TIME IS OVER 30 SECONDS!" and " It doesn't matter if you're logged into your Google account and allowing all manner of cookies.", not even anecdotal or personal videos of trying to solve a recaptcha like this post[0] had from two months ago.

> I don't think the author knows the difference between v2 and v3

The author doesn't seem to have ever visited google.com/recaptcha to know what Google refers to as different versions of its service. The author instead is talking about "versions of bot detection", ie. The "detect human mouse movement" was v2, "scan your Google history to see how human-like your activities are" is v3, and the author envisions "v4" as doing the silly things from the latter half of the article.

0: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20158386
> all the old folks whose retirements are in indexed 401(k)s end up holding the bag as those investments become worthless and a younger generation ends up inventing a whole new financial system

If the world's investments cease to be made in actual companies, in favor of a meaningless commodity, we'll have much bigger problems.
Exit interviews seem like they would be cathartic, and they might be but I can’t see any upside. If, as happened to me, you find out you were let go in a similar manner as others who were high performers but coming up for a bonus you might say things in the exit that might hurt your chances in recovering said bonuses when a colleague (who was owed a $1mm bonus and summarily fired for “performance”) decides to sue.
>I'm not precisely defining what the law is, in NZ we have hate speech laws.

Which is another way to say you do not have free speech.
This discussion has been well hashed before, but comes down to the US being very big. People are far more spread out here than anywhere in Europe or Asia. This also makes last-mile transport even more critical if you aren't close to the station. The distances also drive up the cost and waits between trains, further reducing ridership.

High-speed mid/long distance passenger rail just isn't viable given our population densities, and we already have metros/subways/light-rail in core metropolitan areas. Without major construction with hundreds of new lines and a shift in city planning, it's unlikely to ever change in the US.
If you're interested in stream processing, check out FASTDATA.io PlasmaENGINE. We do both stream and batch processing with Apache Spark on the GPU.

https://fastdata.io/plasma-engine/

* It's not open-source and I work there.
Really enjoyed the fact that there was an "Idiomatic Rust" section.
Whats the service fir? I know game miners and some other niche services that attract these kind of actors. Do you know what they want from your site?
These are useful references, thanks.
Delivering on time is good, having expectations set properly in the first place is better.

Working fast can be good, solving the right problem at any speed is better.

Personally I have not found my speed matters so much as my mental state. When all the things come together, I know what problem I'm solving, I know how to solve it, I have time to focus on it for many hours... That is when I can enter a state of flow and build a great head of steam productivity-wise.

Finally I think continued long-term attending to something can trump speed and overcome all kinds of obstacles that prevent progress at all let alone progress at some arbitrary sense of fast.
ReCAPTCHA v3, the version I was referring to in what you quoted, doesn't have an audio CAPTCHA or any kind of fallback option at all, which is part of what makes it so much worse than v2. (The other part is the privacy implications of adding thorough behavioral tracking to every part of a website.)
Cue the “it depends which team you’re on!” brigade, as if that excuses anything. Not to mention many people don’t get to pick their team when they get in the door, or at least that is my understanding. Even if you did get to pick, who would pick an obviously bad one?
Will we be seeing a similar process happen to "deep tech" startups ?

And if so , what's the infrastructure behind that ?
Good to know, and amusing, thanks.