skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I think drug addiction is really misunderstood and this leads to bad policy. The two popular narratives that drug addiction is a moral failing or a disease are both wrong. In some ways it is more simple than that: drug addiction is a coping mechanism.

Most people who get addicted to drugs are using them to escape pain. This is occasionally physical but usually mental. It is memories of traumatic experiences or abuse, loss, stress, etc.

That is why incarceration is so counterproductive, you are just giving the addict more pain they need to escape. Also treating drug addiction itself without understanding and addressing the underlying reason for it will just lead to constant relapsing.

I recommend the book Chasing the Scream for people who want a better understanding of drug addiction.
Farmed insects live their full lifespan as opposed to larger animals which only live around ten percent on average.

I personally do not advocate anyone to eat plant-based meats because of the harmful effects on health (this coming anecdotally from myself after eating them for 2+ years). The phytates in almost all grains / legumes / beans bind to almost all free zinc copper and iron which has a very negative effect on health.

Insects (similar to ruminants) are able to naturally assimilate the high protein foods and filter out the phytates. Eating a half-pound per day of insects helped me to greatly recover my health after following a vegan diet for almost three years.
Based on last quarter’s results where profits on advertising were down year over year as acquisition cost rose faster than revenue on ad sales.
Isn't nim garbage collected? The better alternative is probably Zig.
There’s five sets of pitot tubes on the 737...
I like this because it's exactly what I asked for: don't leave out the obvious. Great point for brainstorming.
I recently read some something that had the following premise:

Immigrants leave their family and friends behind. People who are more empathetic have a harder time doing this.

Therefore, countries with net emigration will grow more empathetic. Countries with net immigration will grow less.

While just anecdotal, this is something that I've confirmed with my experiences.

I'll add in that countries which were founded on a genocide that happened not too long ago, probably will have echos of this continuing for a long time. Backwaters also tend to be less aggressively restrictive of freedom, as greedy, aggressive people naturally navigate out of them.
Suboxone can be abused and is highly addictive. It's an opiate paired with an opiate antagonist called Naloxone to reduce cravings. It's a maintenance medication to treat opiate dependency.
I only learn when I have a project in mind that I want to do. No matter if it’s work on or around my house, creating an app or designing something like a logo or interior. Then I just start. Walk into a wall. Stop. Look for learning material or inspiration. Start over.

Reiterate.
Learn more.
Reiterate.

I’m not easily frustrated by failure, starting over or general lack of progress. If I have an interesting goal I just keep going. It might not be the most efficient way, but it’s how I learn best.
I believe that the data from developed nations has indicated that population growth follows a sigmoid and not an exponential. If that indication holds true for all nations as all nations become "developed", then population control is a naturally occurring phenomenon and the world will not have to resort to anything like a 1 child policy.

If that holds true, then I believe the problem is far more constrained to climate engineering rather than social/societal engineering which may actually be possible.

Hopefully it gets done in time!
For a cheaper, less toxic development process (but only for B&W), run a quick Google search for Caffenol. Instant coffee, sodium carbonate (washing soda), and vitamin C is all you need.
There are actually 5 pitot tubes on the Boeing 737[1]. There was only one Angle of Attack sensor. I don't know why for sure, but armchair speculation is that it was considered non-critical before the introduction of MCAS and nobody re-evaluated after.

1: https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/50797/why-does-...
This is a form of [code switching.](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-switching)

It’s most commonly found with African Americans and minority/immigrant communities, since in professional or unknown settings people will use more standard registers of English.
There's a reason that Recycle comes last in "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle": it's the least desirable option.

If you Reduce, you get an easy win by not needing the resource in the first place; Reuse achieves orders of magnitude of efficiency in the resource's utility (a glass mason jar can be used thousands of times, compared to a plastic one designed to used once and disposed). Recycling is often fraught with inefficiencies of both energy and waste byproducts.

I would love to see more economic incentives around direct reuse (such as Pigovian taxes on disposable plastics, and consumer incentives to return glassware to the grocer and then the manufacturer for direct reuse).
RemindMe! 30 years

Wait, wrong web site.
Hmm, afaik up to 10% biochar is considered beneficial in any soil and will keep nutrients fixated in the soil, more than that is mainly good since it removes co2 from the environment.

Why ship it? you just burn brush and waste where you have it and put the fire out before charcoal turns to ash and then innoculate it with compost and you are done..
"Rapid onset gender dysphoria" is a fake diagnosis made up by transphobes. It's just the latest iteration of trying to divide trans people into the "good ones" and the "bad ones", just like the fake Blanchardian "HSTS/AGP" typology. The fact that you cite it is a strong signal about you, personally.

Take queer people at their word or fuck off.
I'm no astrophysicist, but I presume the photo would be of the past? Anyone good at math able to say how far in the past a photo would be?
Aftbt corrected me above. There was only one angle of attack indicator specifically.
Ask HN: Do you trust your ISP?
Internet service providers handle a lot of metadata about your online communication and potentially also other parts of your life (such as payment behavior).

Do you trust your ISP with this information? If no, what do you do to protect it?
I always thought it related to continuous variables and the highly useful concept of the infinitesimal. But maybe that definition works as well.
Sometimes you can make it your business (T-Mobile), sometimes regulation is required (airline fares including all mandatory taxes and fees).

Disclaimer: TMO customer
> I’m not easily frustrated by failure or lack of progress.

That's one of those very obvious but super important things I was looking for. I would have never thought of this myself, but it's one of the most important factors in my own learning too.
I think the hangup people have is when they see apparent orchestration, groups of people making moves that seem coordinated, they assume that conspiracy must be the explanation.

But we know from nature that this needn't be the case. Look at a school of fish. There is no hierarchical command structure, nor any democratic council of the fishes, or anything like that. Their schooling behavior is emergent behavior from each individual fish following more or less the same rules as the other, coded in their DNA. They take cues from each other, go with the flow, but they're not actually conspiring with the other fish. There is no Fish Illuminati, just a bunch of fish doing normal fish things.

The failure to recognize the possibility of emergent (or convergent) behavior in humans is I think the root cause of many conspiracy theories. This is related to the concept of pareidolia, e.g. seeing patterns when there are none. In this case there are genuine patterns (fish clump up in schools) but the explanation offered up for this behavior is erroneous (fish Illuminati.)
You may be right with the apps, but Google is paying a lot Apple for providing the default search engine. It doesn't need to pay for being the default for Android (other companies pay Google for Play Sevices).

Mobile revenue is at this point bigger than desktop revenue, so Android and Chrome were really necessary projects for Google to not lose direct contact with users.

With youtube you're right, it took a lot of time to be slightly profitable, but I'm happy to pay for it monthly, as I'm learning a lot from youtube videos.
> ...but it's probably not a good tool to use unless your problem requires you to invent a new programming language

I'm curious why you say this.
A rape during a Tinder date tests a family's faith
Right? The concern shouldn't be the timeline. I don't care about how long it takes, I care about how safe it is.

All this hand wringing about costs and stock performance and grounded planes seems like chasing the wrong goal to me.
Conversely I think there are a lot of vested interests in favour of keeping the status quo - I imagine there is a lot of money that is being poured into defense contracts for the War on Drugs, not to mention the private prison industrial complex.
There were actually two AoA sensors (on either side of the aircraft) each connected to different sides of the panel. The issue was/is what to do when they disagree (with respect to MCAS).

EDIT: Source: https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/61011/how-many-...
> How else would they be convinced to avoid dangerous situations, than by an unpleasant sensation?

Moderate heat and cold, certain textures, a feeling of resistance against my movements... I react to many kinds of potentially-harmful stimuli that aren't pain. Unpleasantness is not a synonym for pain.
There are two AoA sensors but only one used for MCas because someone pushed the idea that by using 2 it would require extra training so let's go for the least redundant solution
That’s a needlessly hostile reply.

Sickle cell, lupus, hypertension, IQ, diabetes, etc etc are all not distributed evenly across race or sex. Also, environmental factors and epigenetics interact in complex ways. I would not be at all surprised that there’s a prevalence difference among racial or social groups.
> I see things like migrant detention, police shootings, discrimination against minorities (and especially the targeting of trans people), climate change, etc.

I'm not American. Literally none of those things are relevant to me.

> You are saying, "Those people don't have genuinely held opinions." Implicit in that you are saying, "... but I do."

I didn't say that. You did.

> But calling for the elimination of outrage is calling for the silencing of voices..

Again, your words, not mine.
>needs software to regulate it it

This is a standard pattern on most modern aircraft. Control is abstracted away by some computers, however—and as you said—the pilot can override the computers to more directly interact with the aircraft’s flight controls. Not an odd principle at all.
That was my question as well.
>drug addiction is a coping mechanism.

That's reductionist. The bigger picture is: why do some people end up with drug addiction as their coping mechanism, but others don't. Why aren't all abuse victims drug addicts? What separates the ones who fall down that hole and the ones who don't? Opportunity? If not opportunity, then what is that X factor? That's why you get to the larger questions of disease, responsibility, and moral failing.
Even more than that: Craigslist wasn't alone. Craigslist is the survivor.
its certainly a trick to show the wrong price when you are deciding on the menu.
Live from VidCon: Creating new opportunities for creators
I was signed up with Alcor until I was flown out for one of their Teens and Tweens functions and discovered everyone attending was a gold supremacist or conspiracy theorist.

Max More who (I think?) is still the CEO and someone I looked up to seemed more concerned if I was into a threesome with him and another attending woman than discussing transhumanism.

Realizing I wouldn’t want to wake up in a world with the rest of the members and encountering Buddhist philosophy was the push I needed to cancel my life insurance policy, which would have paid for the whole body procedure in the event of my death.
> what is valuable work?

People have mentioned food and shelter but also there is much value in KNOWLEDGE and science because that helps us ensure food and shelter. Say astronomy, maybe one day it will give us shelter (in terms of knowing what to do) from an asteroid hitting the earth.

My question for myself is, why should I play these games when the real life is like a game too but one which is much more challenging, much more important and much more valuable, from which we can learn much more, if we take our aim to be learning.
I'm wondering now.. if you could replace just an ant's brain with an artificial, neuron-for-neuron copy, such that the ant would continue on the outside to behave in an identical way in identical situations, what if you went one step further, and replaced the hardware neural network with a virtual one running on a general purpose, ant-brain sized CPU? Or what if you had one third of the original ant's brain intact, one third replaced with artificial neurons, and the last third virtualized? Would you end up with three separate, yet closely interacting consciousnesses?

For that matter, if you take a human being, and cut the fibers connecting the two hemispheres, you end up with two separate minds, as demonstrated in experiments. Presumably you end up with two separate consciousnesses too.

If you replaced the neurons in your head one by one (say, 1% per day, over 100 days) with tiny machines functionally equivalent to neurons, what would be the effect from your point of view? To the outside, you would remain the same.
For those interested in the multimedia content from the Voyager golden records, I created this interactive a few years ago.

http://voyager.damninteresting.com/

Self-link, yes, but there are no ads or anything on it. I just decided to build it since I was unable to find a complete collection online (also, I had thought of a nifty way to make a spinning record effect, and I wanted to try it out).
Stegenga calls these latter two “magic bullets,” a phrase coined by physician/chemist Paul Ehrlich to describe treatments that target the cause of a disease without disrupting the body’s healthy functions.

Researchers have labored mightily to find more magic bullets, but they remain rare. For example, imatinib, brand name Gleevec, is “an especially effective treatment” for one type of leukemia, Stegenga says. But Gleevec has “severe adverse effects, including nausea, headaches, severe cardiac failure and delayed growth in children.”

Most would prefer these symptoms over death.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betteridge%27s_law_of_headline...
Previous discussion a few days ago: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20417832
The earlier thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=20389077
I am not pretending to have exact numbers but we should have some orders of magnitude in our heads.

Let's pretend that our electricity is running fully in nuclear wrt. fully in wind turbines/PV: load factor is around 0.7/0.8 (against 0.2) so costs increase by x3-4, life expectancy is 60-80 y against 20-30 years (x2-3), nuclear does not require a new electric grid, whereas renewable energies does (cost ~x1.5), nuclear works better with a low storage (10%) whereas PV/WT want 50-60% of storage (cost x2-4) and cost of building/recycling for a kwh is around 3-5k€ against 1-1.5k€ for WT (idk for PV) (cost %2-4). At the end of the day, the capex/kWh is indeed one order of magnitude higher for WT/PV than for nuclear. I am not pretending those numbers are exact but I think it reflects the order of magnitude.

For the 4th claim, the issue is that prices are much lower that what they were supposed to be, and that is why, the field will need to be heavily subsidized for a long term.

What I support, it is not to globally spending less money into energy transition. I really hope governments will spend much more than nowadays. But, I just hope we focus on reducing our economical dependency on fuels/coals to preserve a bit of our current comfort while not killing every year several millions of people with fine particles (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_accidents).

Give me USD 2 trillions, and I will 1) ban coal generated electricity, 2) ban any vehicles that consume more than 2L/100 km, 3) insulate any existing buildings (and not only new buildings as our policy makers do, since old buildings stay for roughly 100 years), 4) subsidy heavily heat pomp. But I will certainly not close any nuclear power plants.

I know it is almost impossible to ask such requests to Europeans, but this is the only plausible solutions I have heard of.
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa67bd : here

[..]Here we use a global-scale meta-analysis to show that biochar has, on average, no effect on crop yield in temperate latitudes, yet elicits a 25% average increase in yield in the tropics. In the tropics, biochar increased yield through liming and fertilization, consistent with the low soil pH, low fertility, and low fertilizer inputs typical of arable tropical soils. We also found that, in tropical soils, high-nutrient biochar inputs stimulated yield substantially more than low-nutrient biochar, further supporting the role of nutrient fertilization in the observed yield stimulation. In contrast, arable soils in temperate regions are moderate in pH, higher in fertility, and generally receive higher fertilizer inputs, leaving little room for additional benefits from biochar. Our findings demonstrate that the yield-stimulating effects of biochar are not universal, but may especially benefit agriculture in low-nutrient, acidic soils in the tropics. Biochar management in temperate zones should focus on potential non-yield benefits such as lime and fertilizer cost savings, greenhouse gas emissions control, and other ecosystem services.[..]
I think it's possible that the Max will never fly again. Its entire design was based on the assumption that it is possible to "undo" the effects of moving the engines with a "minor" software tweak and end up with an airframe that flies the same as a regular 737. That may not actually be possible. Boeing may have been aiming for a point in the design space that does not actually exist. But the business model for the 737 depends on its existence. So when the new software comes out, there will be two possibilities:

1. They got it right this time

2. They didn't get it right (because it's not possible to get it right), but they are going to insist that they did because admitting that they were chasing a chimera all along would be the end of the company

The problem is that it will be very hard for anyone without very deep knowledge to determine which of these is the case. I don't see any way to tell a convincing story [1] about how the Max can be flown safely that does not involve re-training pilots to fly the plane "raw", i.e. where a human pilot is capable of flying the plane when the automation has failed, without any software covering up its native handling characteristics. That will require a new type certificate and re-training. That can make the plane safe to fly, but it will utterly destroy its economic model, so that is an unacceptable solution.

Boeing has already destroyed all of the credibility it once had. It insisted that the Max was safe to fly when it manifestly wasn't. They will again insist that the Max is safe to fly whether or not it actually is because their survival as a company depends on it. The problem is not that the plane may be unsafe. The problem is that, under the circumstances, there will be no way to know whether or not it is until the next one crashes.
How serendipitous! I was just complaining about this exact issue in Seattle (literally in the next tab over.)

The 20% charge seems to be engineered to reduce tips while providing no actual information about the treatment of the employees.

I went to an amazing vegan restaurant and there was a note on their menu saying they add 20% to the cost and they take care of their employees. I had no idea whether to tip or not (decided to tip), and what 'retained by the owner' but 'paid out to staff as benefits and a fair wage' meant.

I'd MUCH rather have the menu say, "Our prices reflect paying our workers a strong wage, we encourage you not to tip." (See Molly Moons, a local ice cream shop that eliminated tipping: https://www.mollymoon.com/tipfree) To the point that I'm unlikely to return to businesses that pull this 'service fee' shenanigans.
I've always wanted a infrastructure diagram tool that would actually create the architecture using my AWS account. How feasible is that?
A very interesting essay about the possible reasons for the technological choices of US and SSSR space programs: https://authors.library.caltech.edu/5456/1/hrst.mit.edu/hrs/...
It's my understanding that charcoal, ie burnt wood, is basically inert and unusable by plant life.

I was at a soil management talk once, out in a paddock, and we dug a few holes looking at biomes and general soil quality. When we dug up bits of charcoal, the man said nothing has been burnt here for at least 50 years.
It's my experience that wood is better at storing water: if interested have a look at hugelculture/ hugelkultur. It's a method that deliberately buries timber for nutrient and water retainment and as it composts it continues to feed the soil nearby.
Down regulated withdrawal reflex is the opposite of avoidance behavior. It’s effectively increasing an organism’s tolerance for putting it’s limb in fire.

So, no what you’re describing does not mean learning to avoid stimulus. Learned avoidance behavior really requires a negative perception not just a neutral reflexive one.
See also: Anatomy of an Epidemic [0], about when pharmaceuticals to treat mental health issues become problems in their own right; and, the chapters on medical intervention in Elephant in the Brain [1], which argue persuasively that much of the medical system functions to deliver social signaling of care, rather than improved health outcomes.

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy_of_an_Epidemic

[1] http://elephantinthebrain.com/
My next question would be are they adding a third? Everything I hear sounds like a software update rather than the more expensive hardware changes.
Powerful X-ray telescope launches to map cosmos
> The 737 Max’s flaw is that it doesn't really fly well and needs software to regulate it, and a human to override the software, which is just odd.

It's not really odd though.

One of the first A320 crashes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_France_Flight_296) was also influenced by computer doing opposite of what the pilot tried to achieve (pilot flying at extremely low altitude into the trees tried to pull up to avoid the trees, but computer was set up to ignore that and instead lower the nose first to gain speed, before pulling up, to avoid a stall).

The plane would have probably crashed even if the computer did what pilot commanded, but hey, my point is that computers override pilots these days, and it's not odd. It's probably for the good, overall.
I agree. But industrial fossil fuel based global Ag is brutal on the soil..top soil once gone will take years and years to form..if at all it does ..