skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Every program has a inputs, and with that some more ore less direct version of a user interface. You define the acceptable input values and then define what happens with unacceptable ones (and same for combinations).

If that were not verifiable, then no program would be.
> What do you typically do?

Close the browser tab when a paywall appears.
And languages with multiple function definitions for different arguments are even better

def(arg = value_0) { ... }
def(arg = value_1) { ... }
def(arg = value_2) { ... }
def(arg) { ... }

Example: Elixir.
>There is an inevitable conflict between the concepts of "freedom of property" and "competition".

There is no such thing. All the american monopolies are due to protection policies defending them from the competition, i.e. due to the government's interventions.

FCC, FDA, FAA are all run by corps' shills. US is a one big blatant example of regulatory capture and crony capitalism at its worse.
When I worked as a director for a large tech company I had some similar questions. Because I joined through an acquisition, I never truly adjusted to the network of managers both above, below and alongside me.

Eventually, about a year after leaving to launch a new startup, I read High Output Management. Suddenly everything made sense. I'd strongly recommend reading it.

Many Bay Area companies are led by people who read this book, and I think you'll gain an understanding of what the mid-level managers worry about in their day to day.
I don't really see the link between the email you posted and efail, other than the fact that PGP encrypts the whole message. I don't understand how, if it encrypted smaller parts of the message, efail could have been avoided.
Hate to do this, but having lived in Berlin for over a decade and flown out of more than half the major airports on Earth, Tegel is awesome and more airports should be like it.
Lymfødem – Ødem – Vand I Kroppen – Lymfedrænage – Aarhus Osteopati Fysioterapi
For medium.com paywall try https://github.com/swapagarwal/mediumship
The Magic of the Daily Demo
If at that instant they have half there quarter’s product in various stages of processing (and there are hundreds of such stages, in hundreds of parallel pipelines) when all of those stages shit the bed, obviously yes.
Clojure and Python, Side by Side – Justin Kramer
Does it matter? Do you really argue that no one could possibly be offended by this 40 foot long painting of a literally larger than life dead native american?

Let. Them. Decorate. Their. School. Why must everything be a moral lesson with you people? You don't apply that level of finger wagging to anyone else, but Good God if liberals do something then it must be evil.
> Analogy breaks down because “horses” are just as smart as the “drivers” (sometimes more and sometimes less)

Sure, but horse is horse and driver is driver. I can give excuses all day for why I'm not the driver.`
Download Audio: Rick Ross – NumbNumb Juice Freestyle Mp3
>>Ever since the Bush II years I've felt like the right and the left have been engaged in a competition over who can be the most irrational and insane.

Look at this article from the New York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/opinion/sunda...

Firstly I take some issue with the scope of the study being limited only to North America and Western Europe.....and completely ignoring the Asian democracies which largely skew more to the right. But scroll down to the third graphic (the line graph). The Republicans are slightly more-right-wing than they were 2000-2008. The Democrat's platform, however, has sharply gone off the deep end of the Left since 2008.

But most PEOPLE are fairly centrist. Even if they are slightly-left-of-center, the Democratic party's extremism is pushing normal to abandon them. But they long-standing Democrat power structures have an outsized influence on media and information channels, hence the non-stop bombardment of outrage culture at how everyone is a "Nazi". Ever notice that almost no-one uses "Communist" as an epithet anymore, despite the world's two major historical Communist governments having by FAR the largest domestic bodycounts of the modern age?
It's a cop+out, but I feel pretty sure that (if I understand your curiosity) it's both a curse and a blessing. Those are probably two different ways to frame the feelings you have around your curiosity. I'm sure there are many places where the curiosity serves you well, and as you know, there are also places where it gets in the way.

Whatever ends up being the right amount and kind of curiosity for you, I hope you can meet yourself with love and appreciation. Even if your curiosity brings you deep dissatisfaction because of unfulfilled dreams or the impossibility of knowing it all.
PGP has semi-optional, strippable authenticators. Serious cryptographic protocols do not. Plaintext encrypted with a modern AEAD cipher --- forget protocols, here we're just talking about selecting reasonable primitives --- can't be decrypted without simultaneously authenticating. That's not how PGP (or S/MIME) works, and that malleability led to Efail.

No competent engineer would accept in 2019 (or, for that matter, 2009) a new cryptosystem that functioned the way PGP does.
I usually give up. I just don't read the article. I read the first paragraph that's visible above the subscription CTA and then I go back to binging on whatever else is on HN
>We can all talk about the wonders of a free market

You don't have a free market in US. Try to sell a drug, for example. You need to get FDA's approval. And FDA is run by big pharma, so even if your drug is used in EU and proved fine, you need to spend quite a lot to push it on american market.

US is more a classic corporate (i.e. fascist) state than a free market state.
They both want do destroy (not remove) art for ideological reason. This is not a an artistic value judgement. Anyway i feel sorry for kids that have no choice but to visit that school or live in a place where they form revolutionary committees whose job is to destroy non conformant art. I think we had enough of that in history.
The best part comes at the end:

> And some have even turned this black humour into a business opportunity. Philipp Messinger and Bastian Ignaszewski have invented a board game based on the Berlin airport disaster. The main object of the game is to waste as much public money as possible.

> I pick up a card saying some of the escalators from the train station were built too short, needing very expensive additions. "Everything on these cards," Mr Messinger says, "has really happened."
Early Digital Research CP/M Source Code
In America nutella is an obscure condiment generally considered too desserty to be useful for much, sort of like "marshmellow spread". Yet the average European gets approximately 80-90% of their yearly caloric intake from Nutella, from what I've gathered.
ohh, that's nice. What is the informal process?Is it the same?

Probably there is niche, but m not able to validate this idea.
> you would have found that solution

I don't think so, even after seeing your pseudo code don't see a nice way to avoid the early return. I don't understand how your for-loop / if-condition mix works, but let me try to translate it as best I can into valid Python:

def contains_3(xs):
found = False
index = 0
if not found:
found = xs[index] == 3
index += 1
return found

This was honestly my first best effort attempt at creating this function without an early return. But it is wrong, it only checks if the first value of the list is 3. My opinion is that this style is more error prone (and indeed, I did create an error), and objectively there is more code and more state and thus more opportunities to get things wrong.

def contains_3(xs):
found = False
index = 0
while not found:
found = xs[index] == 3
index += 1
return found

That works, but again, there is more code and more state. When reading this code I must ask myself "are they iterating over the list correctly?" and I must spend mental effort answering that question. This doesn't happen with a for-loop.

I don't understand why you keep talking about jumps in assembly code. Code which has zero early returns will still have hundreds of jumps in the assembly code.

Code that is short is good. Code that is readable is good. I don't think we'll agree on what code is more readable, but we can at least agree on which code is shorter.

As I've gained programming experience I care less and less about how individual functions are implemented and more and more about what those functions do and what they return. For something like `contains_3`, I see that it is a function with no side-effects, which returns a boolean, and wont fail (at least, wont fail in a language with type checking). This is a small simple function, and I don't care how it's implemented, it is a good function. If it becomes a problem for some reason, it is isolated and can be easily fixed in isolation.
Any phones that can be used for FOSS experience?
The "brown" owners of these palm oil plantations, sitting in their luxury condos and villas in Jakarta and KL, are much richer than you, believe me.
Similar to https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?story=Stolen_From_Appl...:

”Steve decided that if a company copied the Mac ROM into their computer, he would like to be able to do a demo during the trial, where he could type a few keystokes into an unmodified infringing machine, and have a large "Stolen From Apple" icon appear on its screen.”
China's economic threat has magnified several fold because the US has spent the past 2 decades mired in conflicts that have been stoked by its allies in Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, China has had a free hand in developing trade relations with its neighbouring states and African countries, further weakening the US' position there.

Whatever billions the US has earned selling weapons to KSA are a drop in the bucket compared to what it's spent in Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, Libya and Pakistan. These are all countries where KSA has funded extremist political movements that continue to destabilize the region.
> Here's what my random texture looks like without any hidden image:

It's weird to call that random. There is clearly hexagonal clustering with full symmetry across the 45 degree diagonal and shape symmetry across the opposing diagonal. I wish there were more information about how that background was chosen, because the shown image does not appear to correspond in any way with the phrase "2x2 randomly coloured squares".
A Library Handles a Rare and Deadly Book of Wallpaper Samples (2018)
Former Equifax CIO sentenced for insider trading
Inside Beijing Daxing International Airport [video]
Yes, M-x prettify-symbols-mode, it's very cool. For parens, there's the built-in electric-pair-mode, paredit, smartparens, and lispy.
The source is very straightforward and readable. I suspect part of the reason why is because live-coding forces you to eschew additional complexity/abstraction in favour of the simplest solution.

That said, I'm not sure if the additional complexity of a gap buffer is worth it --- a lot of editors in the early days of DOS used a single buffer, effectively memmove()'ing the tail part when you inserted characters, and there was no real noticeable lag even when entering characters at the beginning of a "large" (i.e. >100KB) file. On a CP/M system with 64K of total address space at most, it just doesn't take all that long to go through all of memory. As an advantage, cursor movement code is greatly simplified and doesn't involve modifying the buffers.
just like Duo Managed?
Centuries-Old Sea Captain Diaries Are Confirming Modern Climate Science
I didn't really know about this until I listend to this great podcast episode about the whole fries story. Can highly recommend it: http://revisionisthistory.com/episodes/19-mcdonalds-broke-my...

(The rest of Revisionist History is also great!)
Yep .. it is always painful to hear stuff like "if you don't use [insert whatever is hype right now]; then you are not a real engineer" coming from a colleague.

People that have spent their careers in the silicon valley have a very distorted view of tech.
There are several. Teraco is probably the best, then you have IS, Liquid Telecom, Vox, Hetzner, Vodacom. I think those all have tier 3 DC's in CPT, but you should call them to confirm.
Perceptions of HN bias tend to be in the eye of the beholder. They're mostly an inverse image of what you like: if you like X, HN will seem anti-X; if you dislike it, HN will seem pro-X. In reality, HN is a large dataset that contains all of these things. But we have a cognitive bias to notice more of, and more intensely, what rubs us the wrong way. Pain cuts deeper grooves than pleasure.

After a few cases, the unpleasant memory hops to the dataset as a whole, leading to a fixed view of HN. But people with opposite likes have the opposite fixed view. When people tell how they see HN, they're really telling the story of themselves. It's fascinating how solid this principle turns out to be. I'm sure it extends to things that are far less trivial than an internet forum.
Thanks will do. I have found that if I log out of medium account or go incognito I can read all their paywalled articles for free.
It looks fake. The highest reward is 150 and it’s already gone (with one backer claiming it). The other two rewards are 5 bucks for updates and 20 for a T-shirt. I’m not sure how they will get 870,000 dollars from that. Also it says it can protect data being transmitted. I guess that works if you mail your laptop to your friends so they can see a picture?
> Part of the reason I changed my email is because I had in the past submitted a few keys to the sks network which I lost the private keys to, they were also submitted with an infinite expiry. I was a stupid kid.

That's why most recent versions of GnuPG automatically create keys with expiry set to 2 years.
It's a little surprising that this article approaches the issue from the perspective of the gizmo working, rather than ever-widening surveillance.

Imagine that some automated surveillance technology proved itself to be 100% effective at spotting aggressive behavior. The only catch is that it records, with perfect fidelity every sneeze, cough, conversation, and laugh in a way that uniquely associates each instance to an individual. Part of the efficacy requires all audio and personal identification to be stored in a giant database.

Should such a technology be deployed in US public schools?
Why are you responding with this to me, rather than my parent poster.
I'm moved by what Bill said about Paul - in many ways, he was still the geeky guy on the teletype, ferociously well read, and driven not only to understand the world, but also to protect it and share it with others. I miss him.
Now may be a good time to plug a project we worked on at my last gig. KeySpace uses IPFS to store PGP keys in a decentralized file system. We used a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain to store an address-hash lookup. What this achieves is fully decentralized peer-to-peter encrypted communication. We used it to facilitate trustless OTC negotiation and trading.

https://medium.com/fluidity/keyspace-end-to-end-encryption-u...
Fuchsia is an OS not a kernel, the kernel running under Fuchsia is called Zircon.
These middle layers are doing a lot more work than you probably realize. I am a little more privy to some of what they do being a senior IC at a FAANG (6 managers away from my CEO) - sometimes managers take on projects that have to be done but are outside their team's scope. The scale of the project may vary depending on what level they are. My own senior manager was in charge of one such project that ended up affecting the whole company (100k+ employees). They might be in high level discussions with executives about plans on a weekly/monthly/quarterly/yearly basis (potentially all 4 of these levels, like my own is), and doing advance planning before first level managers and senior ICs become involved. These managers often have to have an acute sense of what kind of product may be needed, but good ones will leave the planning of the details to their reports. Their job is to make sure other teams/orgs are aligned and that their team/org delivers on expectations set by all parties.

There becomes a point where it becomes impossible to have everyone be aware of all the knowledge and nuance that is going on without it creating immense noise - when this happens, these middle layers become vital. You still ideally want as little of them as possible, but they all should ideally serve very important purposes. I'm very thankful for all the levels of management in my own organization and company at least (experience may vary of course), it is the best management team I have been under at any workplace - other than my direct manager, each level of management up my chain has over 10 years of management experience apiece.
The mods have some superpowers. Probably they thought that the comment makes more sense as a top level comment than as a reply to the other comment that is a link to a cached version, while the webpage was not working.

For an official reply, you can ask the mods hn@ycombinator.com
Average compensation for US specialists is [2006 data] $230k (5.7x per capita GDP), for German specialists is $77k (2.7x per capita GDP). If you force US doctors to give you discounts to German levels you'll save another hundred billion dollars at least...
What's this? I see nothing in the website.
I think democracy is the least-worst option.

But western countries are slowly-slowly creeping towards something else, something bordering on Orwellian.

They hype the boogeyman de jour to the nth degree, using fear, uncertainty and doubt to control the populace and justify ever-more overarching anti-privacy, anti-encryption, and mass surveillance laws. It's at the point where it seems like most people now accept such sweeping controls, because of course it's all to keep them safe.

They start wars based on faked evidence and the flimsiest of reasoning. War crimes are covered up and whistleblowers treated as the villans - non-western lives mean nothing to these people, who will do everything they can to grab more power, and enrich their coffers and that of their cronies.

So, it's not just about the choice of political system, or "Them and Us" - it's also about the profiteering, corruption, cronyism and borderline megalomaniac that have somehow become normalised. Perhaps worst of all is the simply staggering hypocrisy.
> I have my own domain, so maybe OPENPGPKEY record in my domain as well

> DNS-Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) Bindings for OpenPGP

WKD has some benefits over OPENPGPKEY - it keeps the request confidential (as WKD uses plain HTTPS). WKD is just easier to get right, that's why it's more broadly supported. GnuPG, that supports both of them, defaults to WKD. If OPENPGPKEY request is made it seems GnuPG doesn't even validate DNSSEC signatures: https://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gnupg-users/2011-December/...
Interesting. We design a project inside the quarter where we committed to build it, middle managers could not possibly be fighting for dependencies during the planning cycle because engineers haven’t looked yet to see what they are.

I’ve long suspected we should be writing design docs and putting them on the shelf one or more quarters before committing to execute on them, but what do I know.
No. Surveillance is a bad by itself. I don't want a social model where morality is the product of fear. I don't believe in authoritarian virtues; they will inherently lead to aggression and violence themselves.
$45,000 Bitcoin Valuation, with input from Tim Draper and other crypto funds
Why are people so willing to give up their rights?

A lot of people are very happy to lead docile, ignorant lives, and be "protected" from any (real or imagined) threats. I think it's mostly a "I'm not doing anything wrong, why should I care?" type of thinking. As the infamous saying goes,

"Those who give up freedom for security deserve neither."
This is quite interesting, a tough nut to crack as YouTube is heavily censored and content is controlled , what you see is certainly not what people want or is popular.
Never say never but it's unlikely. Microkernels are slower than a monolithic kernel like Linux, and speed is money for Google's data center software.
Will NASA Find Life on Titan?
Top notch comment. Really feel it captures the problem succinctly. I’m curious how you built this model. Everything from the notion of compression onwards is novel to me.
Welcoming Another New Blogger
Spring Boot Redis Cache
US China trade talks cease fire
I'd like to gingerly suggest that this is not the way a project that has deliberately set as its adversaries hostile world governments should respond to a trivial, predictable† vandalism attack.

Rather, if they're serious about what they're doing – Hansen, in a related document, talks about the "good advice" he gave to dissidents in Venezuela about using GnuPG – they should thank whoever did this. This attack apparently only hit the accounts of two maintainers – that is, two people who are, or should be, exquisitely capable of distilling signal from the attack, and making sensible decisions to mitigate it going forward.

A serious attacker, on the scale of the adversaries this project has, again, deliberately selected for itself, wouldn't waste the vulnerability this way. They'd wait for the most opportune time and apply the attack broadly to accomplish their own state-level goals.

This isn't the first time the GnuPG ecosystem has responded this way to attacks. They similarly (and dishonestly) attacked the Efail researchers, and in the same document I referred to above, Hansen attacked EFF and Micah Lee for publishing exploit code; "Academic freedom should not be construed as permission to publish attack tools against a critical service with known vulnerabilities". This is what you'd expect from one of the vendors posting about a tempfile race condition on the CORE clique list in 1992; it's preposterously out of step with how the field handles vulnerability research today.

If you're relying on GnuPG for anything serious, you should be alarmed at the way they react to security setbacks.

† Indeed, repeatedly predict-ed
Scientists Find Dozens of Lakes Buried Far Below Greenland's Ice
And of course development on the Mach kernel started in 1985.

The Unix personality on top of Mach was derived from BSD 4.3, released in 1983. BSD itself was started around 1977. It all is derived from the original Unix.
People on NPR are specifically being paid to advance these viewpoints, so I wouldn't view them as representative. Meanwhile ad blockers are ubiquitous, indicating most people aren't "kinda" into giving up their privacy.
Uh, that depends on your definition of a package manager. Slack has had utilities to install and uninstall packages for ages, if i remember correctly, and in the most recent release it might even have something that works with remote repos.

But yes, I agree that a pkgmgr is not necessarily a prerequisite in the Linux world, plenty of smaller distros don’t have it.
When I was in school they would monitor everything that you did on the computer and then when the students attempted to get around the blocks with simple proxies, they would have to get new proxies each day as they were banned.

I personally was one of the people who was supplying new proxies to students at the school, and they went after me taking away my ability to connect to the internet using my login for the remaining years of my high school experience. I eventually had to use other peoples logins (with their permission of course) to be able to continue using the computers at the school.

All this is to say, if you try to create a surveillance system at any given school, kids will find a way to not engage with it or fight back if they are able. People in the discussion below aren't giving the kids enough credit to stand up for themselves.
Did he say it defends you against crypto attacks? It does defend you against a lot of attacks that would still endanger the system. Think denial of service attacks for exemple. Extremely easy in Python because bugs don't get caught at compile time.