skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Note also that you don't need something to be Turing-complete for it to be a program. For instance, a regular automaton is a program, but it's not Turing complete. Turing completeness makes something, well, a Universal Turing Machine, which can compute any program. But a program is just a set of instructions.

A regular automaton is a program (and a function is a program), but all programs cannot be expressed as finite (regular) automatons (FAs). So FAs are a subset of programs. If we equate programs with mathematical algorithms, in general they really need the unlimited memory aspect (or at least the capability of abstracting memory, which in practice is always finite of course).

To make things clear, an example: a fixed function (or FA) cannot sort a list of numbers of variable size. You can train your function to sort any K numbers, which are the input variables. But because it has no memory, you cannot input variables sequentially (in the FA case you cannot input arbitrarily many variables). You've essentially created a sorting network[1].

Not only that, but for each input growth you need to re-train your architecture. The nice thing about program inference is that it hopefully captures the fundamental algorithm behind a program, which generalizes to arbitrary sizes. It's not that arbitrary sizes are necessary in practice (again computers are always bounded), it's that this abstraction/generalization is extremely useful, saving data and allowing large (arbitrary) variation in input.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_network

> a Universal Turing Machine, which can compute any program

I feel there's a bit of confusion here. Turing Machines themselves can compute any program (i.e. you can represent any program as a TM) -- that follows essentially from the definition of algorithm (a set of well defined steps given unlimited paper); again languages accepted by FAs are a restricted subset of TMs (the former accepts a regular language while the latter recursively enumerable languages). There are special Turing Machines that simulate arbitrary Turing Machines -- those are called Universal Turing machines. It's a desirable characteristic of any computer, of course (the ability to input arbitrary programs).

We refer to program description languages that can describe any Turing Machine as Turing-complete. You could make a Universal Turing machine that accepts this kind of language directly or you could in principle just build a Turing machine that executes the given algorithm (for example using a gate array/FPGA to encode the state automaton, plus some large memory for the tape).
> In every species except man, the benefits of intelligence are largely limited to a single individual or a small family clan.

Gordon Bennet, justify that claim!

If a few individuals are smart enough to disarm traps, are you saying that is not going to put an upward pressure on intelligence? (assuming it's hereditary).

> What use is it for a gorilla to read or have complex language

So intelligence is only relevant to complex language use? And not, for example, food acquisition?
Pompeo Presents Dire Assessment of Iran Situation
The idea would be to start with less developed countries -- who lack both strict taxation rules and retail financing.
In a good example of Goodhart's law, there's a measure that tells you something useful, but it becomes less useful when you set a target. The three points you make argue almost as much against measuring at all as they do against setting a target.

Also, your arguments center on a metric being used as a substitute for making positive changes, rather than being used together alongside positive changes. This can happen with any measure/target. For example, if you set a target of 0 cigarettes smoked per day, sure, it's possible to just stress about the target and end up smoking more. That doesn't mean the target is bad, it just means it needs to be accompanied by action to make it useful.
Weight density doesn't help you in a car; these aren't rockets where most of the weight of the vehicle is fuel. In a car, the weight of the fuel is barely noticeable. What's much more important is the size of the tank, and a hydrogen tank takes up a lot of room (to get decent range), and is also quite heavy to contain a pressurized gas that literally leaks out constantly because its molecules are so small.
Yes, one use-case is making it easier to setup/teardown clusters for local testing. Two practical scenarios for us: 1) autograding ansible/configuration scripts, 2) CI for instructions/tutorials that involve clusters/devops: https://builds.sr.ht/~ottomatica/job/69644#task-report

Cloud-ready images is an important direction, and on the horizon.
The cells in our body depend on two essential minerals for normal function: Calcium and magnesium. Cells go into ON state when calcium goes in, and OFF state when calcium goes out. Calcium doesn't go out on its own: magnesium has to go in and displace the calcium. When you are low on magnesium, cells can't go into OFF state. When that happens your muscles become stiff and you need massages, and your brain can't turn off and you can't sleep.
Scottish Power to build vast battery to improve wind energy supply
Oh yeah, I've been pulling that "out of thin air" for, ugh, 7 years now. That's 7 years of actual user support, every day.

I'd like to see you prove me wrong.
Vimeo Introduces Support for Royalty-Free Video Codec, AV1
What is preventing new nuclear power plants from being built? Is it just fear/local opposition, or is there some regulatory or financial reason that new plants aren't being proposed?
Chinese cash may be toxic in Silicon Valley, but not in Silicon Wadi!
Which is why we're deliberately transferring our high-tech sector to Israel. None of this makes any sense for America.
I find things like Leetcode very hard and my memory on it does not keep at all. I have to relearn all the relevant things every single time I start studying for interviews.

Don't assume something is easy or straightforward for everyone because it was for you.
Teleop is a good solution for last-mile.
Some of this is the penetration of G Suite and cheap Chromebooks into the education market. Its more or less the same play that Apple used back in the 1980's and 1990's.
When America had an open prison: California's 1940's 'prison without walls'
That's a really succinct way of putting it. I would add a less catchy companion to highlight the affect of the formatter:

What is the relative error in 0.1? What is the relative error in 0.3? And what is the relative error in the sum? And whats the relative error in 0.4?

(i.e if they are the same it will be obscured by the formatter).
... Until there are no more alternatives
Is this the article?

https://yieldthought.com/post/12239282034/swapped-my-macbook...

I remember when it came out and a few coworkers at the time had seriously considered swapping to an iPad because of it, but ended up getting MacBook Airs instead.

It’s surprising how 7 years has gone by and using an iPad for development is still facing the same problems.
Very interesting. So how do you distinguish between the state and a branch or arm or subsidiary of a state? A department (say, the Department of Motor Vehicles) is clearly the state. What if a public university is operated just like a department? If it's taxpayer-funded, professors are public employees, and management is appointed by the governor?

I could see how it would not be the state if it were separately incorporated, funded, and governed, just like a municipality.

So what's the rule that distinguishes entities that have sovereign immunity from those that don't?
You're right! I have had "Gellur". Didn't really think about where they came from though. :-)
> So the promise of Bitcoin when I started reading up about it was that the fees could be close to zero.

I don't see why this would be the case. Neither when talking blockchain-fees nor exchange-fees.
Stanford Team Aims at Alexa and Siri with a Privacy-Minded Alternative
Heh. I got the full HackerRank/LeetCode/whiteboard shebang for several interviews at well-known companies, for Release Engineer positions (which basically fall into the realm of what hype today calls DevOps).
>"Modern" or "Advanced Technology" is not relevant

The A10 is completely ineffective against any enemy with modern air defenses or any enemy with serious ongoing support from such a country.

The A10 helped against Iraq, Afghanistan and ISIS (if it was used against ISIS) only because no such country had any serious commitment to the survival of those regimes.

Moreover, the A10 cannot be upgraded to be effective against modern air defenses without basically designing and developing an entirely new warplane. It would for example need new engines capable of generating vastly more electricity than the current engines can.

I'm glad that the Air Force of my country is not spending a lot of money or time and attention planning wars against opponents that will quickly lose any ability to shoot down its planes. Even if those are the majority of wars it will fight in the future, what really matters is the next war that is not like that.
Well it won't turn into a flame war here, right ?

(/s)
So many nuclear plants being constructed in China.
How to optimal when run multiple deep learning model on GPU
Hi everyone
I'm building the system that handle five streams concurrently. I'm facing the problem when I run multiple deep learning model in order to handle those streams then speed down very much. So, if you are used to design the system as so. Please comment to me some suggests. I appreciate it so much. thank you !!!
Besides in-vehicle storage being completely infeasible for many reasons, how exactly do you propose to safely allow consumers to refill a tank with liquid hydrogen? They use it for rockets sometimes, but it's handled very carefully by highly trained technicians under very controlled conditions and the fueling procedure is nothing like a stop at your local gas station.
The current construction being done in China is really interesting. Come what may, nuclear power it is a sophisticated and technically excellent way of securing energy. China's strategy of long-term technical success really shines through.

They might be serious about shutting down their coal burners. That is a real commitment to clean air and energy security - they are doing something different. Minor compared to the current business-as-usual perhaps, but they make iterative change work.
I definitely agree that your wording change is a big improvement.

Why can't Riot "check my address book to find other Matrix users" without sharing it to their server? Could the client make a one-way hash for each contact and send those to the server to compare against hashes of other contacts?

So in your wording, it's not clear that B (agree to sharing my whole address book) follows from A (Riot wants to check my address book for a purpose). Actually it's not clear if "agree to sharing your address book" means sharing it with the client app, or sharing it with a remote server that someone else controls.
> for some stupid reason Chrome deletes your old history. I have no idea why it does it, but it's certainly not to save space.

The pessimist in me would say that's to make you go back to Google and search for it again in the hopes that they can show you more ads on the results page.
This map lists "nuclear power plants" and therefore is missing research reactors.

Any research reactor contains a critical mass of fuel, and therefore is fully capable of meltdown.
I would strongly disagree here. Decentralization, though a term fraught with poorly acknowledged and contradictory premises, is essentially the defining value proposition of cryptocurrency.

Take away decentralization (which I would be more comfortable calling "aspirational decentralization" to reflect actual practice) and cryptocurrency is indistinguishable from conventional electronic currency.
As with anything, its hard in the beginning but with practice, it get easier.
Cargo-culting is literally not knowing what you're doing.
At the same time big tech companies are always complaining about not being able to find qualified engineers.

A portion of those people who were filtered out because they get nervous during interviews or got stumped by a riddle or esoteric question, could have been entirely qualified to be a good or great engineer.

Big tech companies should be designing interviews that don't find just people who are awesome at interviews and riddles.
Are you in the same thread as me?
Gambling is frequently banned because of its negative externalities. Are you sure this is the analogy you want to pick to defend bitcoin?

You are correct that the ecological damage from bitcoin is only one of the things that makes it harmful. It happens to be my primary objection to proof-of-work cryptocurrency because I'm very worried about climate change, but I'm also not a huge fan of tax evasion or ransomware, either.
Do you have concrete ideas about what other strategy we should use to fund and organize research?
Topcoder is kinda flawed, but competitions like the IOI and ICPC are quite legit. In addition, `tourist`is the top performer on codeforces as well as basically any competitive programming site
Sumerians had a great sense of humor. It's a pity historians don't.
Space is almost certainly permanently inhospitable to what we call life. Apart from far flung oasises like Earth. Which would likely require entire star systems worth of resources and eons of time to send anything tangible between them.
Microsoft Edge Might Come to Linux
> Add giving them goggles for when they don't see well.

see no evil

> Ear devices for when they don't hear well.

hear no evil

> A wheelchair for when they can't walk.

...okay, you lost me there
That dictionary definition was probably written in a place that doesn't have a wealth tax.

Even that dictionary definition misses property tax, which is surely a tax.
Search for Non-Standard Parity Violation Sources in Jets at S√=8 TeV W CMS Data
Wasting time on training a skill they are not realistically going to benefit from. People can only spend their time once so learning other skills will suffer.

If the job requires algorithm wizardry, I see the benefits of LeetCode-style interviews but many jobs are not like that.
Exactly. A devops team has a spectrum of people. Some who only do dev, some who only do ops, with plenty who can do both occupying the space in the middle. There is room on a devops team for people who can't code, and there is room for people who can't be trusted to sudo to root.

Not every person on the devops team needs to be a perfect 50/50 split of dev and ops.
For embedded programming you are more likely to be asked questions that require bit manipulation, shifting, masking, etc. Maybe low-level C, mapping structs to memory locations, etc. Maybe how you might go about implementing hardware interrupt handlers, or how you could put a microcontroller into low-power sleep and then wake up, etc.

It is common for embedded software engineers to come from electrical engineering, and they are maybe less likely to ask CS-type questions.
Antlia2's role in driving the ripples in the outer gas disk of the Galaxy
A space between numbers makes two separate numbers.
Why is that website so narrow? It only takes up about 20% of the width of my monitor
If you’re cargo culting do you really know what you’re doing though? I’d think the two situations are mutually exclusive. Or were cargo cults actually effective at getting supplies dropped from the sky?
In particular, the scheme doesn't necessarily refer to a protocol (e.g. application-specific schemes like `chrome:` that don't involve network access at all).
I’d love to see an orchestrator that made switching between bare metal, vm and containers a simple configuration option.

This is a step in that direction. Cool stuff!
This looks interesting and I tried to play with it but the colors are so dark and everything is hard to see.
Snap is not "centralized". It comes with a default Store, and this helps most users that require modern package management.

If you want to distribute manually your .snap packages, then you can certainly do so.

For example, the libreoffice snap is easily available for download at https://uappexplorer.com/snap/ubuntu/libreoffice
The recipe to create the snap package is shown on the same page. You can recreate the snap package and then keep it for yourself. Or, upload it to your website and share with your friends.

After you download the .snap package, just click on it and it will prompt you to install it.

What you do not get with snaps, is the source code of the Ubuntu Store. Most likely, if someone is really interested to replicate the store, I believe it is easy to reverse-engineer, then create a reference implementation.
Terahertz field–induced ferroelectricity in quantum paraelectric SrTiO3
I've been to Japan, and I saw lots of people riding bicycles there. However, they were all relatively fit. Disabled people don't ride bicycles, nor do elderly people. And almost no one rides a bicycle in a downpour. Of course, in a city like Tokyo, if the weather is bad, people can just walk their bike, or take the subway, because things are relatively close together and the public transit infrastructure is excellent. It also helps that they can just leave their bike parked somewhere if they need to, and not worry about it being stolen, unlike America where you can't leave a decent bike in a city like DC for long without someone stealing it unless you have it U-locked to a post (no one locks bikes to solid objects in Japan; they just have simple locks on the back wheel so no one can easily ride away on it).
I think it’s a great market to tackle- as both a game/level designer tool and also an educational intro to scripting/coding.

IMO it’s very reminiscent of Microsoft’s Kodu and to a lesser extent Media Molecule’s Little Big Planet and Dreams games.

I wish the team the best of luck! Hopefully it keeps chugging along for some time; I’m wary because particularly these kinds of not quite game engine and not quite game projects have a bad history of abandonment within 3-5 years (I’ve researched this particular space for a while).
I'm not going to let this get derailed into a public fight with you about this. Take it to email if you want: sir@cmpwn.com.
Do zebra stripes influence thermoregulation?
Probably political will is lacking the most. Almost nobody campaigns for building more nuclear plants.
I mean, to be completely honest, I find playing chess very fun, even if it was a "waste of time"
First, it doesn't matter.

Second, it didn't have to be that way... Help dismantle central banking and introduce ban on budget deficits - that will make Bitcoin unnecessary!
Surveillance Cameras Could Be Weaponized with A.I
> Gradient optimisation gets stuck in local minima, and it will always get stuck in local minima, and therefore always be dumb as bricks. Which is evident in the way deep neural nets overfit and are incapable of extrapolating outside their training datasets.

This seems extremely harsh, given the vast successes of deep neural nets calling them 'dumb as bricks' (there are too many examples of extrapolation outside datasets to count[1]). They have proven generalization capability when care is taken against over fitting (almost any model has this ability). Also there are results showing getting stuck in local minima is unlikely in highly-dimensional parameter spaces (the curvature in a large number of directions needs to coincide), and in any case rarely you're seeking the global minimum because of said over-fitting issues.

[1] It should be self-evident because they would hardly be of any use if unable to extrapolate at all. See GANs (https://www.thispersondoesnotexist.com/), AlphaGo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaGo), etc.
Nothing made me a more "woke" American than my first trip abroad.

I wish there was some way I could share the privilege I had to do so with more people here.
And Japan is completely shut down in the meantime and burns coal and fossil fuels like crazy instead. Completely nonsensical.
Not true: TRIGA reactors can be put into prompt critical but shut themselves quickly as they get hot. They do it on purpose with a pneumatically ejected control rod to generate a high neutron flux pulse:

https://ne.oregonstate.edu/11-mw-triga-mark-ii-pulsing-resea...

As far as meltdown: if you drain all of the water, they do not generate enough decay heat to melt down due to their size.

They were invented by Freeman Dyson as a "reactor safe enough for high school students to operate".
> They notice how much they're paying and being paid, but they lack the information to know how much they would be paying or being paid in the alternative. So they think they're getting "free" insurance when they're really getting insurance instead of a cost of living increase.

When I lived in NYC, I talked to a lot of Uber drivers and cab drivers. Many Uber drivers are cab drivers and have been cab drivers. They're quite capable of making the comparison.

> You're assuming that the problem is caused by which insurance company the employer chooses and not that it is difficult to accurately detect insurance fraud without using invasive methods, so all the insurance companies charge rates that exceed the value of the insurance and the companies only buy it at that price because it's required by law.

No, I'm simply ignoring the possibility you're bringing up, because it's no less a problem for individuals buying their own insurance. This is just a red herring.

> There are two options here. One is that the money comes from somewhere. The other is that it doesn't, the cost of the service now exceeds its value, and you lose your job.

But we already know the answer to that. The cost of the service doesn't exceed its value because people payed for taxis for decades before Uber (and in fact, they paid a lot more than the insurance, since medallions were a humongous additional cost).

> Insurance companies compete aggressively on price for all customers. Historically larger buyers had a slight advantage because they could get a discount to account for the lower per-customer acquisition cost of getting many customers at once, but now that insurance is a thing that you buy from a website after comparing prices on the internet, even that is becoming an increasingly negligible advantage.

Alternative hypothesis: insurance companies compete aggressively on advertising for individual customers, which allows them to overcharge because the average person doesn't have the time to find cheaper alternatives. Larger customers can devote more resources to researching so competition is actually more based on price.

> Meanwhile if you buy it yourself you get to choose the policy that you want rather than whatever your employer stuck you with.

Which seems to be very okay with the drivers.
No, Japan is one of the richer countries on the planet per-capita, and bicycles are very popular there. They're popular because they're cheap and simple and they have excellent public transit for longer distances and they don't have to worry much about thieves like in crappier countries. And as a result of people biking and walking more, almost no one there is fat, unlike America where the majority of the population is obese (not just overweight).