skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
There are two classes of algorithms you can use to solve that problem: zero-knowledge proofs and Password Authenticated Key Exchanges (PAKE):

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proof
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password-authenticated_key_agreement

In both, the client proves that it knows the password without ever sending it over the wire. The server also doesn’t store it in plaintext.

In the algorithm I’m most familiar with (SRP6a) the plaintext password never leaves the client machine either on initial signup or on later password-based authentication, and what does transit the wire can be used neither to recover the password nor to replay the login attempt. You cannot break into the account just by passively watching the messages go back and forth.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Remote_Password_protocol

One of the posts down-thread mentioned SCRAM, which I believe qualifies as a zero-knowledge proof algorithm, not a PAKE, but that’s about all I know about it.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salted_Challenge_Response_Au...

One nice thing that falls out of a PAKE algorithm, as opposed to a zero-knowledge proof, is that you get a cryptographic key on both sides (thus the “key exchange” part of the acronym) that the peers can use with a symmetric encryption algorithm to communicate with each other. This then lets you construct things like TLS-SRP, which is a variant of TLS (ne SSL) that uses SRP to get the symmetric key instead of X.509 certificates and an entirely different key exchange algorithm:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS-SRP

Incidentally, the use of this sort of algorithm is why so many web sites now prompt for the user name and password on separate screens. There’s usually at least a two-way exchange involved where the user name goes to the server, which provides some bit of cryptographic hoo-hah, which then lets the client prove to the server in a separate exchange that it knows the password. This goes against old guidance to ask for both at once and to reject the login if either the user name or password are incorrect, which avoids giving an attacker a way to probe for valid user names. We lose that in the name of greater security goals.
You could use a capacitor to output higher watts for a short duration.
I do pirate movies. Old ones I can't find in any vendor, e.g. old Woody Allen movies. I also realized that some titles do exist in vendor's catalog, but are not available in my region for some reason.
> embarasses the previous political administration, not the current (Trump) administration

Is there a difference? Might be my non-USA-citizen point of view, so please correct me if I'm wrong from a USA perspective and this is not retaliation for embarrassment, but the USA government is still the USA government. If the CIA tortured people in Iraq under Obama* , I don't expect it would cease to be done under Trump. (Also not if he says so, since of course you would say that. It's inhumane, and yet it happens.)

* There have been so many scandals, forgive me if the torture one wasn't actually in Iraq or wasn't under Obama or something. It's just meant as an example of the inhumane stuff that is revealed about the USA thanks to people like Chelsea Manning, Julian Assange, etc.
I disagree. If the space involves a "public good" (a squishy term, I know) I'd rather have an actor that's paid for and accountable to the community, not one that's only accountable to its shareholders and has the additional motive of squeezing out a profit.
I was thinking holding cash in ESCROW for these companies might be a way to get them to take this shit seriously.

The idea is to lock up your payment in escrow for 12 months.

50% of it would be in escrow and 50% is sent to the recipient.

You then use a multi-sig transaction for the escrow.

If your customers find out you did something shady they can all revoke their payment to you and you lose 50% of your revenue for that year.

All it would take is for the N of the M wallet signatures to agree that what you did was a breach of contract.

This could be done optionally too. Companies that enable this type of payment would see more customers so the free market dynamics would take over.

It could also be legally required too of course.
I bet he’d already be out of prison if he hadn’t voluntarily imprisoned himself in the Ecuadorian embassy.
Hmm, I see what you mean. I'm under the impression that this isn't the main issue people are having here but what do I know.

One other reason why people might be so upset here is the naming of this product. "Free" is commonly used to describe libre software. This is at best an oversight by the marketing team and at worst deliberately set up to deceive developers.
Great to see this. GitLab also went all remote because people stopped showing up to the office we rented in San Francisco.
> What happens when one peer doesn't have internet access for a moment and a snapchat is delivered at that moment?

The video will be on the sender's device until the recipient confirms that they have received a 100%. So this prevents a phone storage clogging situation.

> The infrastructure forces my phone to instantly download the content, because no one is paying for storage of it before it gets routed to me right?

Yeah, that would be accurate. There could be intermediaries that charge low prices to cache snaps for you so you didn't have to download it ASAP, but that would negate the ephemeral nature built into Snapchat)
Then think again, how would the worst people you know of use the precedent this case sets in a hypothetical dystopic branch of the future?

If it could be used to act against journalists with more moral integrity than Assange, maybe you see the reason why someone would defend Assange.

So it is not because of him, but despite of him.
>I, for example, refuse to open credit lines if they require an Equifax credit check.

How do you know who the credit lines are going to check your credit through?
Listen to Eisenhower's farewell address and read up on JFK assassination, about which Trump so conveniently blocked a load of material until 2021. How much more important can the secret service be than the government?
I think the thing that stands out to me about this whole thing is how nakedly corrupt it comes off as. I'm sure the legions will rush to rebut me and say "But Psychiatrists have ethical standards! They would never let ice cream influence their decision to prescribe a substandard drug!" That may be true, both philosophically and perhaps even in practice (though I doubt it...[0]) but even still, the bonanza of sleazy advertising is _so_ embarrassing to psychiatry, drug companies and the FDA.

Drugs should be prescribed on a clinical basis, full stop. Attempting to advertise your medication on any other basis should be a criminal offense. We as a society need to draw a bright moral line to stop this type of behavior. Though I laughed at Scott making light of it, this stuff isn't funny. This is a life and death issue.
I'm not sure why you reposted this, because what you're describing isn't something purely for household use.

https://gdpr-info.eu/recitals/no-18/

> This Regulation does not apply to the processing of personal data by a natural person in the course of a purely personal or household activity and thus with no connection to a professional or commercial activity. 2Personal or household activities could include correspondence and the holding of addresses, or social networking and online activity undertaken within the context of such activities. 3However, this Regulation applies to controllers or processors which provide the means for processing personal data for such personal or household activities.
3D NAND Race Faces Tech and Cost Challenges
I think he's referring to the CFAA and cases like this in the USA: https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/legal-consequen...
> The journalist that leaked the panama papers was murdered

How do we know that he was murdered when he was anonymous? Am I missing something?
> Should I be subject to Chinese law?

Only if China can exert it's influence in the US. And it can, to a certain extent. It's not unheard of for China to demand that a citizen return home by threatening legal action against his or her family. If China had the same influence over the US as the US does over most of the European countries, then yes, you would be subject to Chinese law if they care enough to pursue it.

Laws aren't magic. They're enforced by power. If any country has the power to enforce their own laws in foreign countries, they'll do it if it's important enough to them. In this case, the upside is definitely big enough.

I'd be more worried and angry if I were a citizen of a European country. This isn't the first time this decade the US has violated the sovereignty of a European country.
> I don't know about cheering, but let's be honest here. Assange let himself be used by the Russians, either knowingly or naively, and he willingly jumped into a hyper partisan US election

I don't blame him. He's doing everything to survive, when everything was being cut off. I think everyone can agree that Trump is an insurgent and outsider. He was a wildcard for Assange at the time. He didn't exactly have a lot of options given his desperate situation.
It's kind of horrifying to consider that advertising has a statistically significant chance of influencing a psychiatrist away from prescribing based on what best suits the indication.
Of course. Nation states have not been round that long. Just a few hundred years.

Jewish culture exists throughout the world. All religious cultures actually. Islamic culture.

Immigrants often retain many aspects of their culture when they move to a new country.

The US itself is a huge mismash of different cultures. People in the US are not bound by a single cultural identity. They are bound by the constitution and the principles and values it represents.
There's illumination here for those of us who've been prescribed shockingly expensive drugs with generic near-equivalents going for 1/40th the price (as I have):

>I asked the Lucemyra® representative why I might prescribe Lucemyra® instead of clonidine for opiate withdrawal. She said it was because Lucemyra® is FDA-approved for this indication, and clonidine isn’t. This is the same old story as Rozerem® vs. melatonin, Lovaza® vs. fish oil, and Spravato® vs. ketamine. ...
Python does actually have an abstract type for numbers, and it is called Number: https://docs.python.org/3/library/numbers.html.
Rental property is a good income stream and investment, but it definitely isn't free money. Things will come up, and you have to be ready to either spend money or put some sweat in to fix problems. And you're on call and have to respond if things go sideways.

I mean, just the other day I got a call from one of my tenants, and had to leave dinner to go clean up a squirrel that crawled into the ceiling and died up there... I've been on vacation in Mexico in the middle of February and got the call that the oil burner had quit, and had to scramble from there to get it replaced before the house froze.
That's what the user wrote: It's only a problem if the notes are public.
Well, these days a lot of phones are part of P2P networks such as BitTorrent, so that's not a blocker.
There's a [dead] reply that seems to refute this, and I'm not sure why it's dead. The First Amendment states:

"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances."

Nowhere in there does it mention "citizens". Only "people". And you don't need to be a US citizen to be a person. The first result[0] of a quick Google search suggests that federal courts do indeed believe that the Constitution protects to non-citizens.

[0] https://www.forbes.com/sites/danielfisher/2017/01/30/does-th...
For further background, there were two surveys of top economists, one for European economists, one for US economists, where the economists were asked if the EU used its antitrust powers to protect EU-based firms from international competition, rather than to promote greater competition in European markets.

They can be found at the following links:
http://www.igmchicago.org/surveys/antitrust-and-internationa...

http://www.igmchicago.org/surveys/antitrust-and-internationa...

At least in the academic economist community, there is disagreement on the EU's use of antitrust powers (although it leans toward the EU promoting competition more than being protectionist).

I generally interpret this data to mean that viewing the application of EU antitrust as protectionist is a defensible, although uncommon, opinion.
In case you already know, feel free to ignore my comment, but with your Youtube premium subscription, you also get a subscription to Google Play Music (aka Spotify competitor from Google). I wish they advertised it better, because half the people I know irl who have a sub to either of them, don't realize that they get the other one for free.
New Braunfels becomes second-fastest growing city in the U.S.
Bipolar disorder may be linked to Parkinson's disease
We use to race here in CO (which gets hot but not as hot as Texas admittedly) by dipping our Nomex suits in ice water and racing with ice bags in the suit that leaked so two cooling mechanisms in action. Works for 45 mins. It was great to get out with a completely dry suit after a race. Nothing like cool balls during the race.
> It's mainly China (it increased theirs in 300% in 30 years) that is the problem.

"This is because such a large share of China’s emissions is from the production of goods consumed in rich countries."
Food should be rationed on a nutritional basis, full stop. Attempting to advertise your food on any other basis should be a criminal offense. We as a society need to draw a bright moral line to stop this type of behavior.

I mean, everyone needs food. It's life and death. Clearly more important even than psychiatric drugs.
> The temperature hasn't increased significantly from 1960's til today relative to CO2 more than it did from late 1800 to mid 1900.

> So the question still becomes if the temperature increased 0.5 degrees while we weren't emitting that much co2 and it's done more or less the same in more or less the same timeframe with us putting much more co2 out there. How big a part is really humans and how much is natural variation.

First of all, global average temperature increase actually has accelerated significantly since the 1950s: https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/2011-temps.html

The increase has not been proportional to the increase in C02 in the atmosphere, but that is expected. Temperature is not directly proportional to atmospheric greenhouse gasses. Rather, heat loss is dependent on them (and on other factors like surface color, which is affected by ice melting, to name one. The main one that has changed thus far though is atmospheric C02). Just because the earth is trapping more heat though, doesn't mean that the temperature will make a large change instantaneously. Instead, the change in temperature over time will be proportional to the difference between energy in from the sun, and energy out in the form of emitted heat. By increasing greenhouse gasses, we reduce the latter, causing temperature to rise over time.

Since heat emission is proportional to temperature, eventually (if we stopped emitting CO2) we would reach a new equilibrium at a higher temperature. In order to get back to a lower temperature, we need to eventually actually remove C02 from the atmosphere.

This is precisely why climate change is currently such a crisis: even if we stopped all greenhouse gas emission now, which is obviously impossible, we would still see a significant further increase in temperature due to the imbalance in heat transfer that already exists due to past emissions. The more that is added, the greater that increase will be.

Everything I've said is backed up by clear science, so if you're really looking at this with an open mind, please tell me what part you disagree with or are unsure about, and I'll be happy to provide supporting evidence.
> And that it applies to foreign citizens who have – quite sensibly – never set foot on your soil?

There is a lot of precedent here. Break the law in another country, and you may very well find yourself tried in their courts if you ever step into their jurisdiction. It's not like the US is snatching him off the streets in a foreign country under cover of darkness and dragging him to our jurisdiction, we are using very well established legal channels.
The implementations usually do (in the sense of optimizing them)
Spreading the Data (Bias) Virus
I was upset by the notion that Beyonce's contribution to the world would be considered on par with, or even remotely close to, Howard Schulz's. Starbucks is a company that employs tens of thousands of people, and delivers value to millions of customers the world over. Beyonce's great, but they're pretty clearly not in the same league.
Inflation doesn't actually tax 'wealth' per se, it taxes cash on hand. The actual value of investments denominated in a given currency is inherent to the investment vehicle and not to what it is denominated in. For instance, if gold retains 100% of its value over time but there's 10% inflation per annum, $100 of gold today is still worth exactly the same as $110 of gold next year. Inflation taxes 'idle' wealth only.
It is special, because when you steal a physical thing, the owner doesn't have that physical thing anymore. If you pirate something that you weren't gonna buy anyways, the owner still has the digital file in the exact same way they had it before you pirated. I cannot even call pirating "stealing" in good conscious tbh.
Peter Thiel-Backed Crypto Startup Pays Out 6,567% Return
Internally it is implemented by spliting the number into an array of conveniently sized chunks (traditionally called limbs). That might mean either the machine word size for optimized assembly implementation on many common platforms or one bit less than native word size for portable C implementation (and architectures without carry flag) or some fixed number like 15 bits (IIRC mbedTLS has or at least used to have hardcoded limb size of 15bits in its bignum implementation).
Nearly every activity I've seen reported that has been leaked has been, IMHO, illegal in some way. Warrantless wiretapping, war crimes, or violations of international law. The rest have been things that are simply embarrassing, which are by statute, prohibited from being classified in the first place.

Classification has been completely misused in the second half of last century and particularly in the first two decades of this one.
This is why we can’t have difficult conversations about these things. My family was on food stamps when I was growing up. I’m a Bernie supporting über-liberal. I do not think the poor are poor because of lack of discipline.

I understand, and share, your frustration with poor shaming. But please understand nobody here is doing that.
Interesting view. The author writes:

“To summarize things with another quote from one of Dyson's famous essays: "When we look into the universe for signs of artificial activities, it is technology and not intelligence that we must search for. It would be much more rewarding to search directly for intelligence, but technology is the only thing we have any chance of seeing."”

This sounds like empiricism. I’m curious if the consensus these days is searching for technology?
That's not what he's accused of doing. The password would not have given Manning access to additional information - just a way to cover her tracks. Whether Assange even tried to crack the password is just speculation, though.
No one hopefully will need care in the next 5 years. I have little kids.

Energy storage sounds intriguing, but solar means, I'll need to have them mounted on my rooftop, right? So I'm thinking that should be around $10k - $20k investment or more. But I'll get free energy & probably can sell it back to the grid. Sure something to think about.
> I don’t believe the source of the secret files is ever protected in a court of law from prosecution, but the publisher may be.

Technically correct. Ellsberg faced the threat of prosecution for many years after the leak.
Webinar – Secure and Robust OTA Updates with Aaeon Up Up Squared and Mender.io
How the CATO Institute ranks freedom by country
I suspect it is more that in mathematics, n is used to indicate integer values as opposed to for example x, which is used with real values.
Out of cities I've been, Paris was far and away the worst. I don't see this in Berlin, or Amsterdam, or Boston, or Washington. It's the kind of scene I'd expect in the Caribbean.
Sorry, to clarify, I wasn't necessarily opposing the wealth cap. I was reacting to the view that Beyonce and Schulz's contribution to the world are comparable, or even the suggestion that somehow Beyonce has contributed more. Starbucks is a company that employees tens of thousand of people, and delivers value to millions of customers around the world.

I think the view that Schulz shouldn't have more than 500 million isn't unreasonable, but it seems very clear to me that he should have more than Beyonce.
My problem is the publishing the names of assets that risked their lives to provide information. That doesn’t serve “the public,” that serves the enemy. If we are going to argue against spying, we can have that debate, but there is no question that releasing the names of spies is absolutely espionage. Names could have been redacted without compromising the public’s apparent “need” to know.

If we outed the names of dissidents in Turkey or China, wouldn’t that be met with outrage? Yet as long as it is in the interests of opposing the US, it seems like there is a significant crowd that celebrates that. In the context of the United States and Western Europe, espionage was committed.
> I think the answer is that, in code, we type in decimal: 0.1+0.2

I think you are exactly right. People think of decimals as being the "actual", "primary", "fundamental" numbers, and binary as being an imperfect representation of those. Whereas in reality, both binary and decimal are imperfect representations of rational numbers, and we only think of decimal as being more fundamental because of our writing system.

> Fair enough about floats, but why about arbitrarily large integers

How exactly would you represent them? The best way I can think of is:

struct BigInt {
int64_t first_64;
char *data; // pointer to extra, dynamically allocated data
int data_len;
};

This would allow you to avoid doing a dynamic allocation for the most common case of being under 64 bits. And the addition algorithm would probably special case that too, and look something like this:

BigInt add(BigInt x, BigInt y) {
if (x.data_len == 0 && y.data_len == 0) {
int64_t new_val = x.first_64 + y.first_64;
if (overflow_signaled()) {
return add_slow_path(x, y);
}
return {new_val, 0, nullptr};
} else {
return add_slow_path(x, y);
}
}

As you can see, there is a ton of complexity here, even just for the simplest possible case. Replacing what was before literally just one instruction, e.g. addq %rbx, %rcx . Also, each number is represented by a 20-byte struct now instead of 8. So now each 64-byte cache line can fit only 3 values instead of 8. Because of all this, it would be dramatically slower.

This is just for the easiest case of no overflow! If you overflow and have to then go allocate memory dynamically and loop over it, it would of course be even worse.
Yes. Government lawyers may try to say otherwise, but the Constitution is very clear on this.
> Journalists that have ethical standards wouldn't do this.

Then all journalists who publish classified information - which are most investigative journalists of any note who cover government - have no ethical standards.
Huawei exec accused of stealing trade secrets from chip company CNEX