skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
A random variable is different concept from a distribution. For me personally it is helpful to keep them separate, but I can see that others may not care about the complete conceptual picture.

In the PDF file linked above I can see conditional probabilities, conditional distributions and conditional expectation etc, which are all valid and rigorous. I can see that the author thinks it's a good idea to merge these into a single concept of conditional random variable for didactic reasons, but that's not a rigorous concept.

Practically, if you have two random variables then you can take their joint distribution. What would be the joint distribution of (A|B) and (C|D)? For actual random variables it's simple: you can take intersections in event space, but a "conditional random variable" does not correspond to any subset of the event space.

Very simply speaking (this is my working model, not the exact precise math definition which involves a lot of measure theory): in probability theory we have an event space containing atomic events that cover all possible outcomes for the whole experiment/observation. A random variable is a function that maps from each such potential (atomic) event to a number. That's right. The random variable is a function but not the mass function, which maps from a number to a probability.

Conditional probability P(A|B) is an expression defined to mean P(A,B)/P(B). That's a clear definition. I am yet to see the actual definition of a conditional random variable.

Again, disclaimer 1: I can see the practicality of disregarding formality. Still I argue this is best done only when you do know better but it would be tedious to be technically correct all the time. But as a beginner I find it more useful to keep track of the correct concepts. For example not distinguishing random variables and distributions can be very confusing when considering more advanced things, like mutual information and KL-divergence. The former operates on random variables, the latter on distributions. I remember this was a difficult realization for me because the material we used didn't emphasize the difference enough, probably in the name of practicality.

Disclaimer 2: my point is a minor one overall.
Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio all vote blue. We just don't have the urban density of Portland or SF, so our homeless camps are smaller and generally more manageable by traditional city services and law enforcement.

But also: yes, feces, needles, etc.

https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Mid...
That's called "domain fronting", the major cloud providers disallow it and enforce that the Host header must match the SNI.
Ask HN: What do lightly-colored comments mean?
Most comments are black text, but some have hard-to-read grey text, why is this?
With socialised healthcare the doctors have enough traffic to not need more clients usually. I don't think I've met a doctor in Poland (even paying out of pocket) who wanted me to come more often than absolutely necessary.
Sure, but those changes took millions of years and evolution had time to work. Making similar changes over decades does not give evolution time to adapt.
If you wear your clothes until they're worn out you're already doing well. There are many people who buy new clothes because they get tired of the old ones.

I patch my jeans and my gloves. It might not look very good, but it increases their life by at least 50%. I've also replaced zippers on jackets because they wore out.
There should be a heavy carbon penalty on kerosene. It's surreal that people expect to fly across continents for €50.

My friend recently complained that our planned flights this summer (Germany-Scotland) are too expensive at the moment. He wants them for €150 and from an economic perspective he is right because you can have them for this little.

Flying needs to be far more expensive.
It's very simple - powerful vested interest. See #ExxonKnew. The question is, once we know it, what are we gonna do about it?
I think a major concern is that lots of us might be part of the mass extinction event that will happen during the transition period.
Same age, same situation, same location, still they are not able to diagnose me. Trying to solve with moda
Sorry I have to ask, what are the checks on judges? What if you change judge every time?
> We are already using lots of Nuclear power, turns out it didn't help!

Of course it did. Lots of CO2 emissions were avoided. It helped much more than all wind and solar combined.

Of course regimes didn't care, and their refusal to build new nuclear power plants proves they still don't care.
There aren't many (any?) century old fiat currencies so no way that would be the average.
There is also a course on
Coursera taught by the author which goes well with the book.
> Technology alone is not enough

I hope that technology will save us, but if not then we are finished.

If tech can't save us from ourselves then the only sane thing left to do is to wring every last bit of enjoyment from our fossil dependent lives before it all disappears forever. Eat a burger, drive a Cadillac, leave your lights on, enjoy your imported beer and set off your imported fireworks because expecting Johhny average to put off his iPhone upgrade is down right delusional.

We're all going to hell together, yee haw.
Yes, but maybe his children will contribute in massively positive ways that end up negating their negative climate impact.

Every child is also a chance.
Would Simplenote suit your needs?
It supports markdown so it should be possible to create tables, although I did not try it.
And to give a seeming counterexample that only reinforces your point: I was also diagnosed with adult ADD in recent years. At first the meds seemed to help slightly. Then not so much, and the side-effects (lack of sleep, for example) actually made it worse at times.

Now after a lot of trial and error it appears that I might have been (partially) misdiagnosed. The cause of my issues may stem more from Complex PTSD, which has a lot of overlapping symptoms. Processing the source of that has given me a lot more relief from the ADHD symptoms than the medication ever did.

But even so, the only reason my mental health issues have seen any kind of progress at all was because I started taking them seriously, found people who supported me in that, and with therapists started trying things out and re-evaluating as we went along. What definitely did not help was telling myself "nah, I don't have ADHD. I don't want to be one of those people who hides behind that excuse and is medicated for the rest of his life" for years.

I'm happy that the Ritalin works for you, and I'm happy that I'm making my own progress. In both cases the solutions were only found due to not being dismissive about mental health issues being real illnesses.
Fedora 31 to Offer Updated MinGW Tools for Building Windows Software on Linux
Certainly not a scientific perspective. The typical false argumentation by climate change deniers.
In case you remember any of these sources, I'd love to read more...
The 2 Hour GraphQL Tutorial for Front End Developers
The recent Der Spiegel article "A Botched Job in Germany" claims otherwise
The Tension That Drives Innovation in Linux
It has been limited in use and will continue to be because it takes up valuable pylon space for a single use.

Unless the MQ-1 is being deployed for a specific assassination, it makes sense to equip it with the AP hellfire, so it can possibly take action against an unexpected target of opportunity while loitering. You're probably not going to fire one of these against a Toyota Hilux or APC.
It means they've been downvoted.
"globalThis" too shall pass.

JavaScript transit gloria mundi.
Try telling someone from a few hundred years ago they’d catch a jet airplane to an undiscovered continent thousands of miles away for a quick vacation. And on the way they could crack a cold one traversing oceans that explorers would spend months trying to traverse in a wooden boat. They could even buy tickets on a magic handheld machine which can teleport information through thin air to anywhere on the planet in fractions of a second.

If you change your sense of scale from a few years to a few hundred, yeah, I think it’s likely humanity will be watching the moon superbowl, in fact it’s probably the most dull and conservative view of the future someone could have.
> Why won't it? The main issue is where we get our energy from. There are working methods that are CO2 neutral. I'm firmly in the "only science will save us" camp.

If you mean "science" as in existing science and technology, then, sure, technological approaches are part of the solution.

Often, though, in these discussions, "science" is used to mean some sort of magical advancement that is just around the corner that will solve all our problems. That would be nice, but probably isn't the case. We'll probably see incremental advances in things like solar panels but we're up against some hard limits of physics. Reducing consumption and making efficiency savings are significantly easier.

> Only excess wealth creates the spare capacity to care for the environment.

I think this is view is harmful. First, it looks very clear that mitigating climate change is cheaper than dealing the consequences, so this "excess wealth" is mythical.

Second, we shouldn't be treating our environment as a luxury. We need to make sure the planet is liveable first, then see what other toys we can afford.
The fact that the US military has no qualms with killing random innocent civilians - including children - in their strikes against (assumed) terrorists is maddening to me. I understand that there are people who cannot be stopped from harming others with non-violent means. But how does it justfy that extra random murdering that the US military performs? At which point does this become a war crime?
> communism is ultimately like telling every car where they should go rather than just putting up street-signs.

Ironically, in the capitalist future, each car will decide where to go through a computer system controlled by a single company instead.
> Every parent knows that.

"Every X knows" is usually sign of agreeing on a conclusion based on gut feelings and without verifying if the arguments leading up to them hold water.
AMD Ryzen 3000 Series CPUs: Rumors, Release Date, All We Know About Ryzen 3
> There is no way to fix this from an individual point of view.

individual actions ALONE will not fix the problem, but they might be necessary to encourage broader societal change. Apparently it only takes 3.5% of the population to take an active stance on something to cause a change (https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=YJSehRlU34w). Don't feel discouraged to adjust your lifestyle just because the effect is "negligible".
Overpopulation is real. We moved from 4 billions in 1974 to current 7.7 billions in 2019. Projections are more than 11 billions around 2100.
Existing codebases: I'm starting my first job soon and expect this'll be a challenge for me as well, since it's not covered in curriculi. My plan is to spend some time during the (short) summer break poking at http://aosabook.org/en/index.html .

Problem paying attention: It sounds like you might not be getting enough sleep. Best source of knowledge on sleep that I know is https://www.supermemo.com/en/archives1990-2015/articles/slee... .
How to Make Your Product Stupidly Simple (and Profitable)
interesting thread from ~10y ago https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=920668
Yeah, and they did not expect the earth quake in case of "Fukishima" to become that big either, but than again it did. There are unknown unknowns.
And how much does it cost to transport cash to some company across the country?
Diesel, fuel oil and coal. Admittedly, the latter mostly goes through a power plant to turn into electricity first - with the concomitant losses on the way.
AMD Allegedly Showing 12 and 16-Core Ryzen 3000 Zen 2 CPUs to Motherboard Makers
> vote for a political party that actually believes in climate change.

hahahahahaha ooooh boy, that is some grade A wishful thinking.

Here's a thought... try to convince the average Joe to not turn on his air conditioning on a hot day "for the environment".

see how that goes.

We are a selfish species that deserves to go extinct. Have you ever considered that?
I don't think that's where the question is. The issue is that other species dying might very well take us down too. It's an ecosystem where everything is interconnected, sure you can remove a few species here and there and nothing will change, but remove enough of them and we'll start seeing the consequences.

A good analogy is the Eiffel tower, you can remove a bolt, 10 bolts, 100 bolts, it'll still hold fine, remove one too many and it'll collapse. The metal will still be there (earth) but it won't be the Eiffel tower anymore (Life).

> The current rate of extinction of species is estimated at 100 to 1,000 times higher than natural background rates.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocene_extinction
It's more like butter infused with spices, not hot sauce. Using an oil-based coating allows the fried chicken to stay crispy. They also add pepper to the batter.
I don't know about the Spanish one, but the Croatian one caused a lot of controversy both internally and externally because it was took over by extremely conservative (and sometimes blatantly pro-faschist) group of mods, to the point where a Minister of Education discouraged students of using it as a source.

https://www.dailydot.com/layer8/croatian-wikipedia-fascist-t...
What I described is what I consider to be "doing mathematics". As distinct from applying mathematics to other problems (also a very worthwhile endeavor!)

I'm certainly not encouraging everyone to pursue a career as a math professor; the job market is poor, and is getting bleaker.

But I feel like prospective math high school teachers should have an experience like the one I described. Much more important, in my opinion, than learning how to row reduce matrices, do integration by parts, or prove the intermediate value theorem.
Sweden reopens Assange rape investigation, to seek extradition
China grew during a one child policy. Their ecosystem continued to change to support more people by growing more food. A global change that reduces food production by some % per year is needed to reduce the population.

Even if we had a major virus that killed 20% of the population once, we would still rapidly replace them and keep growing if we don’t learn to fit back into a sustainable lifestyle.
Totally. This was a one-time gift of fifty million years of sunshine and we burned it all off over a time span of about 300 years.
here are some videos about how Komiser works:

AWS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDWf2KnvgE8
GCP: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9ceVwF8rTo
Sadly the main commemorative events only take place in Hong Kong and Taiwan(Macau is not included), but you know the consequence of going against totalitarian government right?.

And you miss the whole point of censorship. It's about making people reluctant to remembering it.
To give perhaps a slightly more nuanced take on this comment, and without the pointlessly provocative "suspect this opinion to be unpopular": when a mental "disorder" is diagnosed one of the key criteria is usually that it is causing distress. What I think this commenter is trying to get at is that the current structure of society could be causing this distress to a personality type that previously wouldn't have done so.

I have many of the traits in the article, and find some of them weigh very heavily. I think one of the reasons for that is that I'm easily distracted, and computers are terrible for people like me because I'm just a couple of clicks away from watching an effectively infinite collection of sports highlights, reading newspapers, looking at photos, cat videos on YouTube etc. etc. A concrete example is writing this comment when I really should have my head down in a project that I'm working on.

I think I would be much happier in a job where smartphones and computers aren't involved, like working on a nature reserve. I can't make that change quickly - I run a small business with a couple of colleagues and support a family - but I'm starting to turn the tanker towards a life like that because the effort involved in managing the bureaucracy of contemporary life takes a lot out of me. And I've actually got it pretty easy in terms of flexibility and pay, like many of us on HN.

It's rather like a milder version of RD Laing's idea that it's not people who are mentally ill, but society that's ill. I think that's taking it way too far, and there are obviously people who have extreme versions of personality types who would be distressed no matter what the circumstances - but the point stands that our psychology hasn't evolved to withstand the pummelling that it gets from the attention economy.
HashLink HashLink is a virtual machine for Haxe, successor to Neko
Is it so in this case? What it "usually" means seems irrelevant. Have you been through a diagnosis with your kids?
This actually is surprising news for me. I know celebrities do this but I didn't think real people buy clothes they hardly use.

I just can't bring myself to throw out clothes with holes in them and wear them on the weekends because I don't want them to go to waste.
Raja: “AMD has no software ecosystem that’s meaningful without Intel”
that's on average, too. extremes would be, uh, extreme - 50-60C?
Cray, AMD Tag Team on 1.5 Exaflops “Frontier” Supercomputer
Hi HN,
We've been working on this for the last few months. We have put together a powerful and concise course that will introduce you to GraphQL and integrating GraphQL into your frontend stack, in the shortest amount of time possible.

We will explore the fundamentals of GraphQL and especially the things that make GraphQL suitable for modern applications, like its realtime capabilities!

The course is light on opinions so that once you grok the fundamentals you can go on to choose your favourite libraries, tools and tailor your workflow. We have tutorials for popular frameworks with more frameworks coming soon!

These are completely open source. We'd love for you to try these out and let us know if you have any feedback & suggestions. You can leave them as issues directly on the GitHub repo. Also, let us know which frameworks/language you'd like to see next :)
Pretty interesting. Thanks. Is this relevant to all sectors of the economy? I can see it being relevant in e-commerce but how about in a field where the company has lots of data but also a proprietary technology? For example, a medical device or pharma company.
I never said it was easy. In fact, in some sense, the problem is much harder than you might realize at first. This particular rabbit hole goes down very deep.

I am not urging this family of problem on all high school students. Rather, on all prospective high school math teachers. They should be able to communicate the joy of problem solving and discovery to any of their students who show an interest and aptitude -- which means these teachers should have done some of this themselves.
Huh? Connection with the Soviet Union and especially the Red Army surely destroys it for most, if not all, people I know. This song is most often described as "beautiful, but turn it fucking off because it reminds me of my dead family" around me. What is it, if not destroyed? Merely playing it in my headphones because of its beauty made me despisable in the eyes of my former classmates. Even I can't stop thinking about all the evil the Soviets did to my family while listening to it.
It takes around five years to build a reactor, give or take (and yes, I'm well aware that in .fi we have the world's most expensive nuclear reactor that's taken 15 years and still ain't ready). I'm pretty sure the climate change anxiety was there 5, 10, 15 years ago. Or we could start today. Goddamn politics.
I remember well driving along one of the roads and seeing two very fast jets in the valley below me. Quite a sight, and even if it had been in these days of the ubiquitous "camera in the pocket" I would still have been too slow to video it.

They were gone in a load roar and instant.
Not to forget that WWII was a war won by oil. Whoever was able to mobilize the most energy (in the form of oil) could win (a great book about that: Oil, Power and War[0]). Retooling in the face of declining energy availability will be a different matter.

[0]: https://www.chelseagreen.com/product/oil-power-and-war/
Ah, it was a simpler time..
Linux 5.2 Ups Laptop Support from Intel Power Button Driver to Ryzen Input
funny to think that, back at college (circa 2003) , when wikipedia was still a relatively new and scary things for academics, we were actively discouraged from using it as a reference for information, let alone a source to cite
Show HN: Firebase for Angular – ready to use back end preset NgRx and Firebase
I was horrified on installing netguard that Xiaomi phones ping their own servers (on AWS) as often as Google does theirs. It's depressing what the 'smarphone' age has come to be.
Ask HN: Review My Startup, Unikyte.com
Hey guys,
We use A.I. to better match people to education. Do you have any feedback?

Website : https://www.unikyte.com
No, Germany is not importing coal-based power from our neighbours, nor are we doing so with nuclear power. Germany is a net exporter of electricity. Unfortunately too much of that being coal power produced in Germany.

Germany is part of the European power grid, so there are times, when power is imported to compensate for local over- and underproduction. As Germany is in the middle of Europe, far more power is conducted across of Germany. You cannot count French nuclear power as in import, if the same amount of power is exported to Austria at the same time (a very common situation). Germany is a net power exporter.

Gas is important in two way: first of all, it is way cleaner than coal, so it is the best short term replacement for coal. Germany almost has enough (currently mostly idle) gas power plants to completely replace coal short term. As long as there are no mass storage facilities, gas is needed as the gap filler for the times when neither wind and solar can power the grid. As the production capacity grows, these gaps are going to get increasingly smaller. It remains to be seen what is the best long-term solution, either to grow large storage facilities to get to 100% reneweables or allow like 10% gas in the mix.
It's because the myth of freedom is used to sell America's own version of a religion which justifies acts of wholesale violence. Just like the Islamist use the myth of Islam to justify their violence. Either side is willing to kill civilians using violence to further its supposed ideological cause... which neither side actually serves. Each side claims that the civilians will benefit from establishing its religion. The civilians lose either way... see Iraq for an example of American freedom and Afghanistan for an example of Islam.
The Shifting Role of the CRM in Marketing
"Fluent" is a strange term: it basically means "flowing", like verbal diarrhoea, perhaps. Does verbal diarrhoea need to be understandable? Does the one who spouts it need to understand anything anyone else says?

I'm not just being pedantic: it really is important to define exactly what you're interested in. I've met lots of people who speak English in a strange, foreign way, and quite slowly, but who are easier to understand than 99% of native speakers. And there are also lots of ways you can parameterise how well someone understands a language: you might find someone who has a good understanding of sociology jargon spoken by a US academic but couldn't understand someone from Northern England who wants to know what time it is.
This in part (girls and women) begs the question whether this is a case of the old healthcare gender bias.

I personally think definitely there’s something to it.
And maybe I'll win the lottery and escape poverty, but playing it is irresponsible while I'm poor
why is this anti-abortion bullshit on hacker news, shouldn't the standard here be quite a bit higher?