skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Note that "cast" and "coerce" are different. Python supports coercion but not casting. Casting is an operation done in static type systems where you tell the compiler "I know this has type X, but pretend it has type Y". Coercion is a run-time operation which moves data from a box of one type into a box of a new type (i.e., a new object is allocated).

Right. I know this, I just call coercion "autoconversion" because the data is typically given a new form as well as a new box. Having autoconversion without casting is a sign of a strong type system, because you can't turn off the type system, you are only allowed to use it. If there's no way to autoconvert from type A to type B, that's it: You can't turn a value of type A into one of type B by hook or by crook.

> I'm not sure what you mean by "the problem" here.

"Problem" in the sense of our discussion being incomplete, nothing more.

> Weak dynamic type systems are, in my opinion, the worst of all worlds. They provide neither compile-time checks nor runtime checks that really amount to much. I don't know why you would ever prefer a weak dynamic type system in a language.

I agree with all of this.

> JavaScript is essentially weak and dynamically typed.

Wrong, for the reasons I went over in other posts.
If we just stopped enforcing the laws, the damage to our society would be incalculable.

Is it worth it to prosecute petty thefts for less than $100? If not, then we are giving the green light to that kind of crime. What incentive would you have to run a small business selling things if the state won't enforce the law?

> This line of thinking has two serious problem: it assumes that people
1) Actually intentionally break the law as a choice and 2) Actually think about the consequences of their actions

I lived in New York City, and saw the people who tried that in Bushwick.
I actually agree that there are sadly many adults who completely dysfunctional. But that does not mean that we should just abandon our laws. Is it not a much bigger problem that we have people who simply can not help but break the law?
I'm wondering how often the data is updated. Seems like an expensive process.
Obviously the ability to defer decisions to runtime is a strength - how could you possibly dispute that?

And yes statically typed languages have this strength if they use dynamic types. The article's point is that static and dynamic types are fundamentally unrelated to each other. Many languages can and do use both.

When you make a web page you have no idea what "only must" be deferred. There's no way to enforce that the JS you write today will be statically compatible with the libraries and browsers that it touches tomorrow. That's why JS uses dynamic types.

> That's patently false. The whole engine running every browser is statically typed

My point is not about building web browsers, it is about building the web. The web has JS which must coexist with arbitrary other JS, running on many different browsers with many more versions. How could you possibly build this without dynamic typing?
There you go, I stand corrected.

Though nobody's plans survive contact with money and I would still bet on such a slide having been displayed.
>This is another reason why healthcare should just be universal.

Or you could just not have a law forcing private health insurance companies to ignore pre-existing conditions, and have charity programs (public or private) to help people get medical care that they can't otherwise afford.

>It doesn't work at all like an actual efficient market product.

Certainly not when the government prevents it from working like one.
When there is a will, there is a way.
Many newspapers, but by no means all. British national newspapers have, as a class, lost money for decades - plenty of people have been willing to subsidise the losses in return for the influence of owning one - so the economics were bad (and now getting worse).

Owning a monopoly city newspaper in the US, with a captive advertising market, was a lovely business until recently though.
As others have commented, most widely deployed DBMSs provide deadlock-free serializability. FaunaDB is a commercially available implementation of Calvin that makes deadlock free serializable transactions performant in a global environment. The technology exists, and I think your concerns are unwarranted. The consequences of performance issues are far less severe than data correctness bugs, so preserving correctness is a much better starting point.
PDFs are an accessibility nightmare and most production pipelines are terrible at preserving the semantic structure of the document or, in many cases, even preserving the text. A PDF is in many cases as series of page images which aren't usable for anything other than human viewing or printing. "Export as PDF" generally produces much better results than print to PDF though not from every application.
Many days I wish there was an alternative solution based on SVG. While not perfect it certainly would avoid many of the problems of PDF while having all of the important capabilities.
https://www.dailysignal.com/wp-content/uploads/BG-defense-sp...
"dealing with other people" = ticket inspectors, beggers, crying babies, random conversations 50 cm away from your ear, drunk people...

you don't have this in your car.
> dynamic typing is a way to defer until runtime typing aspects of the program's implementation

That's more of a "how", where the bit you quoted seemed to be speaking to "why", IMO.
Send and Receive files directly from the browser
If it was useful, it was a very long time ago. I remember my parents being in between jobs in the late 90’s and early aughts and complaining that COBRA was extremely expensive. The only reason the law seems to exist anymore is for people who somehow have some expensive debilitating condition yet can still work (or are a worker covering a family member with such condition). And that’s a pretty small subset of all health insurance buyers.

Data seems to agree: in 2007 the usage of COBRA was 10%: http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/01/23/cobra.health.insurance/
Well, OS X Preview saves your changes even if you quit, and it has some serious issues with radio buttons in documents. It really caused quite the problem with people filling in repetitive forms. The standard "open document, add changes, print, quit" workflow that works in Office products goes very badly on OS X.
Not the commenter, but I think the point is that there are simply too many ways to bypass protections. If you want someone to be able to view data, it is impossible to prevent them from exfiltrating it. In many ways it is similar to the analog hole problem with DRM.

You can make it harder to do on accident, or to prevent someone from doing it for convenience (e.g. someone copying data to an insecure location to have easier access to do their job), but you can't stop a malicious actor from getting the data.

They could tunnel over DNS, they could use a camera phone and record the data on the screen, etc. The possibilities are endless.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_hole
It's interesting to see that the old yiddish typewriter layout is actually not identical to the modern hebrew typing layout.

While they're almost identical, about 5 letters have been swapped: ח, א, ס, ף, and ב is just removed from where it is in the modern layout, and moved to the top right, in a location that modern keyboard's don't have (to the right of where P would be, in QWERTY).
His patients realized something was wrong with their perception, unlike a computer.
Or just make public transportation free...
How much does all the payment system cost anyway? Controls, fines, machines, offices, softwares, time lost to force people to pay while entering...
Despite quoting that I'm not a hardcore leftist (anymore).

I don't see that as a leftist quote. The police aren't supposed to be a profit center.
https://coincircle.com/l/fzxDSBPmP6
https://coincircle.com/l/Q6LtdZDEe4
https://coincircle.com/l/sfX5us6vcQ
https://coincircle.com/l/HTgyczkpcY
https://coincircle.com/l/UFQeBdGEjS
https://coincircle.com/l/dhrwz0hfv9
https://coincircle.com/l/HTgyczkpcY
I feel like I'm not explaining myself well haha.

The C type system is perfectly happy with casts. The behavior of casting is well specified. And yet the fact that the type system supports casts to the extent that it does means that C's type system is weak.

But this is not the only metric to judge a type system's "strength", and it was poor word choice on my part that I phrased my statement in a way that made it seem so.

JS's type system is weak because of implicit coercion. The fact that values of type X can be coerced into values of type Y at runtime without any notification to the user is indicative of a weak type system, regardless of how well-specified this behavior is. Weak type systems do not lack specification; they lack a feeling of types being "rigid" or "strong". If your values can be converted to different (semantically incompatible) types, then your type system is weak because it isn't telling you anything.

A strong type system is one which stands up to you and says "No, I won't let you do that because I don't think that's what you meant to do." A weak type system is one which does its best to let you do whatever you want. Again, the specification of the behavior of various operations within the type system (such as casting or coercion) is not the determining factor in assessing the "strength" of the type system.
The architecture of Geyleng Serei and the Geyleng Serei wet market are quite new. The old kampongs around Geyleng were bulldozed a long time ago. And Haw Par Villa is a modern theme park.
Data suggests that millennials have been putting off moving to the suburbs, consistent with their putting off home buying and having kids, but that trend has already peaked as we get further away from the recession: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-04-03/millen....

The lack of good schools and affordable houses in cities seems to be the deal killer. In my own experience, I don’t know any middle class people trying to raise kids in the city. Out of my friends’ circle, the folks trying to stick through the city thing are all high income ($200k+ household). My wife and I stuck it out downtown for a while—until our daughter was five. But the costs add up shockingly fast. For example, for the first four years, you can’t send your kids to public school even if you want to. A daycare near my office in DC is $2,400 per month for infants. Near my house in the Annapolis suburbs, it’s $1,500 at the high end. Most of the good public schools are in Northwest, where $900,000 is table stakes for a house (and where you need a car anyway because there is no metro).
> Do you have sources for that? Because from what I know, I think that's unlikely.

Hired a couple of their SREs

> Based on what's happened since December, it seems like the number is closer to 30%. Now, that's still quite significant, but it's a long way from "most".

Tumblr has a boatload of porn. They barely killed half of it if based on random samples some of their competitors did before and after the great purge. The biggest change is that they started to kill ability to re-share old porn content but re-uploaded copies of the same old porn still show up.

> That also seems quite unlikely. It might make it to YouTube, but it's unlikely that it would make much of a stir; certainly not enough to get on the evening news.

We see the outrage playing out daily in the news. If Pepsi ends up in a hot water with the ad featuring Kandall giving a soda to a cop one does not need to be a genius to predict what happens in a case of Orbits ad next to a porn video.

> Does that mean that it doesn't deserve to exist?

It deserving to exist is irrelevant. Someone needs to fund it or make enough money to make it worth to them.
But that isn't really a counter argument.. if you provide the ability to use both formats, your use case would still work (only provide access to the custom subdomain you control).
Facebook's Location Data Collection
How is this related to conspiracy theories?
> Healthcare is best managed as a risk pool. The bigger the pool, the cheaper to be in it. The biggest risk pool is everyone. Therefore, we should put everyone in a single pool.

No, whether or not expanding the pool raises costs depends on the cost of the added population. If 80% of the population is insured, and they consume an average of $1,000 in healthcare costs each year and the uninsured population consumes $10,000/yr then expanding the risk pool to the entire population will increase the cost of insurance. We saw this happen firsthand when we mandated that insurers take on all patients at the same cost regardless of prior conditions. The population that was added to the risk pool was more expensive than average, thus driving up the cost charged per person.

Universal healthcare isn't a magic wand that makes healthcare costs go down, these plans are affordable for the average person because they are paid for by taxes which are levied at different rates depending on income. I many of these countries if you charged the cost of healthcare per person on people's post-tax income (and adding back in the tax paid for healthcare) they would be paying a greater portion of their paycheck for healthcare than most Americans. The affordability isn't solved by dumping everyone into one risk pool, it's solved by changing the way healthcare is paid for. Furthermore, most universal healthcare implementations don't put everyone in the same risk pool they tax and give citizens funds to spend on healthcare but the risk pools themselves are managed by insurance companies.
“You Can't Take My Door” a Country Song Created by a Neural Network
And if they handed out $50 tickets for fare evasion, how much revenue would that generate?
The technology behind Facebook preview photos (2015)
The government subsidizes ACA plans for many participants. That was partly meant to soften the impact of requiring coverage for pre-existing conditions. And then there is/was the individual mandate, to get everyone to contribute even if they were currently healthy. The ACA also imposed a tax on high earners (IIRC, >=200K, not sure if it is inflation adjusted) to fund the subsidies, and it cut spending on Medicare Advantage, which costs the government more than the other medicare plans.

That being said, I'm not disagreeing that costs went up after the ACA more than they would have, but, IMO that was just insurers/providers raising prices because they could.
> If you struggle with "speaking types" then that's an indication that you don't understand the domain of values your code works with.

I'm not sure I agree. I've met intelligent programmers who can elucidate the domain of values which their code is utilizing, but simply cannot do so in the framework of a given type system. Or perhaps they just find it difficult or painful to conform their description to the grammar of the type system. Understanding the data domain and being able to describe it in a specific type system are different skills.

Even if one is completely in favor of static types, it's important to be sympathetic to this point of view so that we can design better, more friendly type systems going forward.
It also impacted prices all the way into 2012, by moving people out of full-time employment and onto COBRA, and by reducing the number of young people on health insurance plans.
IANAL, but a SAFE is just a contract, isn't it? And if a party to a contract doesn't fulfill their side, then the contract isn't enforceable.

Odds are there is nothing that needs revoking. That being said, I have no idea what your contract says, so it is always wise to ask a lawyer, not us folk on the internet who aren't.
I feel like this must be common in most cases, but I have only one data point to back it up:

In 2014, I was working for a startup when I found out the founder had embezzled/stolen our investor money, lied to creditors, stolen employee salaries and W2 tax contributions, etc. and used the money to fund his big apartment, private schools for his children, two full-time nannies, and a nice BMW. After we found out we all resigned and the following Monday were sitting in the DA's office (financial crimes). The DA decided to pick up the case (fortunately, mostly because it was an absolute slam dunk after he confessed to it all through email) and it took them literally 3 years of interviews, research, etc to take the case to grand jury. Eventually, he plead guilty and has to pay back roughly 650K to employees + investors, but NYC must have spent well over 1MM to get that money back to us.

The only person that actually paid a lawyer in this case was the person who plead guilty, and of course, the tax payers of NYC
How Do You Save a Million People from a Cyclone? Ask a Poor State in India
9gag.com
Private insurance companies do this every single day. So you're worried that the government might do what insurance companies are guaranteed to do. At least the government wouldn't have the profit motive that drives insurance companies to these measures that literally kill people. Your argument is completely out of touch with reality.
Then they should have thought about that before they decided to commit a crime. Life is about choices and consequences, and being overly permissive with those who have no qualms about breaking the law leads to a sick society where those who do actually follow the law are the ones who suffer.
Pairwise alignment of the DNA sequence using hypercomplex number representation
Well this deterrent isn't really working. Fare evasion is currently a big problem for the MTA (http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/03/mta-fare-evasion-one-...)

It's also not clear to me that it is ethical to have a punishment be far more extreme than a crime. Sending someone to jail for 40 days for stealing $2.75 seems a little extreme. That could easily turn a poor person with a job into a homeless person with no job.

A fine feels more appropriate. Maybe free rides for those who legitimately can't afford the fare.
I like the idea of voting quadratically with money. Every vote scales with cost. Instead of hiding the reality, just expose it and limit it with quadratic scaling.
I think he use vim. Last paragraph. This is click bait. Hooked myself.
There's no evidence that costs went up after the ACA more than they would have, and, in particular, costs grew significantly faster under Bush than they have at any point after the ACA. I'm not sure I understand why we're supposed to give credence to HN-style first-principles analysis of why insurance costs should have increased; in particular, most employer-provided health plans already complied with the ACA's coverage requirements. The data simply doesn't back these arguments up.
When I look at what my insurance company actually covers for all of my doctor bills, I'd probably be better off just paying the penalty. At least I'd have a few hundred more every pay check to cover that 11 extra dollars that my insurance company could dare to part with for a $300 X-Ray.
My point is not that Tumblr is necessarily all porn in terms of content. It's that if it's owned by a porn company, other companies wouldn't want to be associated with it.
It was a joke. Take a chill pill. As far as I am concerned, all religion is nothing but a brain management technique to allow us to elevate ourselves over our basest of instincts. Beyond that the difference is primarily influenced by when the religion evolved, where it evolved and is a matter of specifics. That said, Hinduism is interesting when it comes to the concept of moksha because no other known religion (there could be other ones that state this idea, but I don't know) talks about it - the world is an illusion wrapped around your eyes, wake up from it! But that's me, my subjective view. Someone else might find something else as more interesting. Someone who dislikes this comment will downvote it.
Premature Vaccine Launch Has Deadly Repercussions
Gmail Keyboard Shortcuts
Amundsen – Data Discovery from Lyft
It's already a $100 fine:

http://web.mta.info/nyct/rules/TransitAdjudicationBureau/rul...
To implement the serializable isolation level, the database system must track access to every single row you access, even the ones you read or filter out. (The need to track reads, even for rows filtered out of a select statement is surprising but necessary.)

Consider a common scenario where you SELECT a set of rows and take a SUM over a column. Suppose your query and another query begin reading from the same committed state of the same table. Suppose that the other query uses an UPDATE command on a set of rows in the table, and that the other query commits before yours does. In order to be consistent, the database system must detect the situation where the other query updated a row that affects the filter WHERE you scanned the table, otherwise your sum could be incorrect if the other query's committed state would cause your query to compute a SUM over a different set of rows or over modified values in your SUM. The only way for the database system to guarantee there is no conflict is to keep track of every single row your query accesses, even if it is a row passed over by a WHERE clause!

Serializability is a well studied concept. You can find lots of good resources about algorithms for implementing concurrency control and for detecting whether or not two transactions are serializable. The high-level summary is that it takes a lot of operational bookkeeping to guarantee that two queries have no conflicts, especially when you are using real-world examples having many filters and joins.
Steve Jobs had a net negative effect on computing
I think the indirectness of the payment makes it acceptable somewhat. In your example, I wouldn't take the 5 dollar job either. But the difference there is in the directness of the relationship - the person receiving the benefit isn't the one paying you. It'd be more akin to your boss seeing you help your neighbor somehow and giving you twenty bucks in recognition of your deed after the fact.
This seems to be an unfair comparison to me. The penalty for not paying the fare is not meant to somehow recuperate the lost cost - instead, the penalty is there to incentivize people to pay the regular fare, rather than skipping it. The real question to ask is: if the penalty were reduced, how much more money would be lost due to the increased number of people not paying the subway fare? I don't see a good way to answer this question, but it seems to be the right comparison to me.
Ah djgpp, rhide and allegro, that was my gateway drug.
"Newton, Maxwell and Einstein didn't need to waste any of their time thinking about how to use a computer to solve the problems they worked on."

Actually a lost bit of maths history is that computation ability was really important, it was just really manual. Think about Gauss doing least squares to find the orbital parameters of Ceres by hand! Then the stories about him being able to multiply large numbers in his head start to make a bit more sense, not just as a parlor trick.
It’s not that disingenuous when it’s the officials of the governing body of the faith as defined by the faith.

But this is the problem with any movement from feminism to Catholicism. It’s defined by its members but it’s members are individuals. If a group of people in the name of a movement do a bunch of things that most find disagreeable it’s not easy to separate them from the vanilla definition of the movement. There’s no objective definition of a collection of ideas. Religions and political persuasions can’t be intrinsically good, (though perhaps they can be intrinsically bad). There are certainly excellent ideas to be found in feminism and Catholicism. Yet Individuals in a belief system still have their own beliefs. There’s no purity of belief that can be identified. It’s a pointless endeavor.

And thus, saying my belief system is good as evidenced by these good people adhering to said system is a meaningless statement. I have no reason to believe that your interpretation of said system is the same as theirs. Similarly pointing to the villains of the system doesn’t mean anything either.