skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Well, in a traditional file system, the basic unit of data is a specific notion of a file which is an untyped blob of octets with limited metadata like size, filename, some timestamps, and some very coarse access controls.

You could quibble about whether this counts as "replacing the notion of a file", but I could certainly imagine it might be useful to have a system that talks directly to disk whose basic unit of data has much more useful metadata, such as a canonicalized MIME type, much more granular access controls, much more granular access and edit history, etc. Has your mother ever downloaded a file with the wrong extension and been unable to open it? I know I have.

Similarly, the abstracted "everything is a file" notion of a file without random access, which includes sockets and named pipes and stuff, is an untyped, unsized stream of octets. Message-oriented protocols like WebSockets and HTTP can and in fact are built on top of that, of course, but it could have been the reverse: instead of a stream of octets, TCP could have been a stream of arbitrarily-large but finitely sized messages. There almost certainly would have been advantages to such an approach, and applications that didn't want the message framing and just wanted a stream of octets could have easily ignored it.
Are there any non-violent technical solutions? I think we all know that's what that person really meant.
This covers it pretty well: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Communication_Services
Yo, author of PT here. I'd say that given your use case, the book _probably_ won't be that useful to you. Among other things, I intentionally avoided teaching refinements. You'd probably be happier starting with either _Specifying Systems_[1] or the _Hyperbook_[2], particularly the latter's proof track.

If you still have access to a copy of PT, I'd recommend reading chapter 7 (specifying and implementing algorithms) to see if that helps at all. The code is in PlusCal, but the general approach transfers to pure TLA+.

[1]: https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/book.html
[2]: https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/hyperbook.html

EDIT: in terms of writing it as TLA+, you probably want something like

EXTENDS Sequences
IndicesBetween(X, A, B) ==
\A i \in 1..Len(X):
/\ A[i] <= X[i]
/\ B[i] >= X[i]

Assuming `Len(X) <= Min(Len(A), Len(B))`.
It treats the symptoms but the virus is still active:

"It can treat herpes virus infections, including shingles and genital herpes. It can also treat chickenpox. This medication does not cure herpes, but may prevent herpes sores or blisters."
Super offtopic, but I'm curious why y'all haven't taken the dev time to implement even primitive dupe detection/reposting/re-linking on HN.

Writing scripts to do repetitive human tasks is sort of hacker 101 isn't it?
Those examples seem to highlight America's weaknesses, not strength. Uber and Airbnb are both mostly-criminal enterprises that could only succeed at the level they did because of corrupt or impotent law enforcement and legislators, and Stripe's success is facilitated by the inaccessible mess of America's underlying banking system.
Strange title. Yes, an IPO means taking the company public. (Reminds me of that Infinity War line: "Yeah, that's what 'killing you' means ...?")

Edit: Based on (what I think) the author is trying to emphasize with this phrasing, I think a better title would be "With Uber's IPO, Khosrowshahi cements founder's removal"
> Excepting, of course, all the violence used to keep the slaves as slaves in the first place I assume? Because, what? That's not real violence?

It's real violence, sure, but it's there in all of the cases, so it drops out of the comparison we're making. We're not talking about the costs of slavery itself; we're talking about the costs to end slavery. A million lives seems to me like a much bigger cost to end slavery then paying off the slaveowners.

Not to mention the fact that all those other countries that didn't have to fight a war to end slavery ended it sooner than the US did; so actually we should be considering the costs of slavery itself--for all the extra years that it existed in the US compared to those other countries. Which just makes the "fight a war to end slavery" option look even worse by comparison.
> Yes, society as a whole has a collective opinion that forms the mainstream and defines a) what's outside of that and b) what to do with those outside of it.

The Overton window (which is what you are referring to) changes over time. What is considered acceptable is transient (I've seen the term for ethinic minority change 5 times in my life time so far and the older terms are now considered racist). Homosexuality for example would have been outside of the Overton window in the past and would have been deemed outside of polite discussion.

People have lost their jobs or banned for comments on Facebook / Twitter etc that are literally years old. Most of these comments were made made over a decade ago.

There are many groups of people that conduct a witch hunter using "outrage archaeology". They will go through someone's tweets for something that is now considered inappropriate and they will demand an apology for things that were said decades before and the person probably doesn't even remember why they made that comment at the time. Bernie Sanders (who is considered from my understanding to be somewhat of a progressive candidate) had something he wrote in 1980 dredged up in an attempt to smear him.

I've was temporarily suspended on twitter because I posted a Death Threat to my friend as a Joke between us and some other friends that were following each other. My friend and I regularly trade racist remarks about each others race on whatsapp because it is a long standing joke. Should we be censored because of an inside joke between friends?
That's an interesting contradiction to the rest of their docs. Their docs in other place repeatedly state using periods "." will cause issues. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/BucketRestri...

e.g.

> The name of the bucket used for Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration must be DNS-compliant and must not contain periods (".").

and as you mentioned

> When you use virtual hosted–style buckets with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), the SSL wildcard certificate only matches buckets that don't contain periods. To work around this, use HTTP or write your own certificate verification logic. We recommend that you do not use periods (".") in bucket names when using virtual hosted–style buckets.

AWS Docs have always been a mess of inconsistencies so this isn't a big surprise. I dealt with similar naming issues when setting up third-party CDNs since ideally Edges would cache using a HTTPS connection to Origin. IIRC the fix was to use path-style, but now with the deprecation it'd need a full migration.

Wonder how CloudFront works around it. Maybe it special cases it and uses the S3 protocol instead of HTTP/S.
I use Netflix when I know I want ti convince myself not to pay, and food & wine to convince myself _to_ pay.

The monthly cost of most things that may be of great utility is astonishingly low when you think of what tonight's meal (and I mean ingredients, not eating out) will cost, IMO.
> Roman Catholicism says that communion will turn wine and bread into literal flesh and blood. How on earth is that "compatible with intellectual integrity"?

That is called Transubstantiation and it is a daily recurring miracle. Miracles, by definition, are God bending the rules of physics, which He created and continually sustains, and is thus allowed to bend. This is philosophical but logically consistent.

> Or believing in a literal virgin birth?

Another miracle.

> insisting on priest celibacy

That's a rule, and put there for a very good reason. The less divided your heart is by worldly cares, the more you can care only for the people God put in your care.

> keeping women out of the priesthood

Just as much as men are kept out of giving birth. Consider this quote from G. K. Chesterton: "How can it be a large career to tell other people's children about the Rule of Three, and a small career to tell one's own children about the universe? How can it be broad to be the same thing to everyone, and narrow to be everything to someone? No. A woman's function is laborious, but because it is gigantic, not because it is minute."

> are just as capable of claiming the good parts of Christian philosophy, without insisting on the parts which clearly just exist due to the the Roman Catholic penchant for power wrangling and hierarchies.

They say "you are saved by faith alone" and "the Bible is the sole authority on religion" and yet the Bible literally says "you are not saved by faith alone". That's plenty enough to disregard all their remaining arguments in my opinion.

After using the process of elimination, only the Catholic Church's doctrines remain intact.
This is similar to domain fronting, which many providers are no longer allowing either.
That's not what social mobility means. Social mobility is the relationship between the wealth of parents and the (eventual) wealth of children.
Maybe as the technical debt continues to come due with the current architecture, it's time to make the hard choices to keep a good customer experience?
The problem with this approach is that so much of machine learning is dependent on the datasets you choose to give it. If people need their hand held through setting up a basic Neural Network, I foresee a lot of garbage in garbage out
We need this in Chrome, badly.
It doesn’t specify exactly what they value Yahoo at. Just that the brand value of all of Oath is $200M now. Brand value isn’t all value.
>Facebook can't read messages even under court order

Considering that FB controls the package distributions for the apps that actually handle the encryption/decryption, and they're all closed-source, it would be hilariously easy for them to be compelled to "forward any message send/received by users in badlist.txt to fbi.gov" or whatever you like. E2E is good, but frankly it doesn't do shit if the provider still controls both endpoints.
Just FYI, NYSE Rule 80B[1] halts trading for 15 minutes, or until the next day if the first 2 levels are breached.
CME follows similar rules.

1 - http://wallstreet.cch.com/nyse/rules/nyse-rules/chp_1_3/chp_...
We should return to the deescalation training associated with the old protect and serve doctrine.

We have body cams because we also have the escalation of force to compliance doctrine.

Liability management is also now necessary because we now train on high risk, high force policing.

What is worth what?
> basically you need IOMMU and once you have it, well what else do you need?

Not sure where this exploit[1] stands now, but you may need a clean slate implementation that doesn't have to boot up with IOMMU disabled for legacy reasons.

[1] https://journal-bcs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13173...
> If you can cast in Python like you can cast in C, I don't know about it.

Note that "cast" and "coerce" are different. Python supports coercion but not casting. Casting is an operation done in static type systems where you tell the compiler "I know this has type X, but pretend it has type Y". Coercion is a run-time operation which moves data from a box of one type into a box of a new type (i.e., a new object is allocated).

> Part of the problem is that we've lost a whole quadrant of languages in the static-dynamic weak-strong graph: Weak dynamic typing is nonexistent these days.

I'm not sure what you mean by "the problem" here. Weak dynamic type systems are, in my opinion, the worst of all worlds. They provide neither compile-time checks nor runtime checks that really amount to much. I don't know why you would ever prefer a weak dynamic type system in a language.

JavaScript is essentially weak and dynamically typed. The weak part comes from all the implicit coercions the language inserts to ensure your code nearly always produces some result. This is terrible because it makes identifying errors exceptionally more difficult than in a strong or static type system.
Caster Semenya Just Won Doha Diamond League 800m Race
You mean, it does what it says on the box?
They will possibly block mismatches (I believe they do for cloudfront etc. now), but also if the point of moving to sub domains is sharding, there's no guarantee the bucket you want is behind the faked hostname you connected to.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4055162/Killing-hat...

If you don't allow them to be part of the world you end up alienating them forever and they can never redeem themselves and change.

Society has forgotten how to forgive.
Hey friend, don’t judge. The world is progressing as it should. There are a lot of people and we don’t really know how to give them super productive things to do, so they chase what they want. We have enough food to feed the world, and yet can’t due to human nature.

Gender and sexuality and identity and really all of reality is fluid.

Seriously, it’s good that you’ve found solace in Catholicism, spread the word and help other people who may benefit, but don’t cast judgement on people living their lives.
To clarify, I think you mean lifetime limit for the insurance company, not you.
I suppose it's because reposting is not considered an issue if some time has passed since the last submission
Friday Facts #293 – New remnants 2 and 1.0 Marketing plan
> Only question was, what were different nations willing to do to stop it?

Yes, exactly. Some nations were willing to tell their moralizers to shut up, and just pay off the slaveowners. The US wasn't willing to make that compromise; we let the moralizers drive the process, so we had to fight a war and kill a million people.
I've found that the pronunciation of English tends to dissociate the words "positive" and "negative" from their proper meaning, which has led to all sorts of misuse of the words. The following pronunciation isn't 'correct' English pronunciation, but try 'mispronouncing' it that way a few times (out loud) and see if that flips a switch in your head:

Po‑si–t—ive & Ne‑ga–t—ive.

po‑si–t—ing & ne‑ga–t—ing.

Po‑si–t—ed & Ne‑ga–t—ed.

Po‑si–t—ive‑ly & Ne‑ga–t—ive‑ly.

Gives a whole new meaning to the idea of 'positive' and 'negative' numbers, doesn't it?
Colic is a symptom, not a disease. It just means the baby is crying a lot and nobody knows why.

Food allergies are one potential cause of colic. So is an immature digestive system (in particular, it takes a little while for the gut to get colonized by the normal flora that aid in digestion). The colic might have resolved because the baby was allergic to the old formula, or because after a while new gut flora finally allowed them to digest things properly, or they grew and gas pains were no longer as big a deal (babies grow really fast!).
You guys might like this project I've been working on for the last six months:

https://getpolarized.io/

It helps you manage your reading by keeping all your PDFs and web content in one place.

It's open source, cross platform (Linux, Mac, Windows, + web) and free.

The main issue I have to focus on right now is explaining why it's so powerful. I'm going to create a video here shortly.

Basically , it supports suspend and resume of reading, text and area highlights, and spaced repetition via Anki.

I'm working on a big new release here shortly and also applying for grants over the next few weeks.

Also, one thing, it's mostly a geek tool and I'm still working on fit and finish and usability.

If it's awesome please let me know. If something is broken, please ALSO let me know - I'll fix it!
This currently works, but considering their crackdown on domain fronting last year, I don't expect it to work for much longer.
Oh Jesus. Yes, then you have quaternions and octernions.

Never mind all the indices of Taylor Series.

The most beneficial thing that Einstein ever did was getting rid all the Sigmas. He did other things too, of course, but nothing really compares.
> I draw a distinction between stuff which gives odd results but is defined and controlled, and stuff which is unspecified and only 'defined' to the extent the machine does... something when you do it.

Whoa, this is totally orthogonal to the strong/weak typing distinction.

Traditionally, strong/weak typing refers to how easy it is to "trick" the type system into doing something it wouldn't otherwise want to do. C is weakly typed because you can cast things all over the place and do whatever you want with the actual values, regardless of what type they're "supposed" to have. This is completely unrelated to undefined behavior.
I'm kind of shocked at some of the responses here... everything from outrage, to expressing dismay at how many things could break, to how hard this is to fix, to accusing Amazon of all kinds of nefarious things.

How hard is it for 99% of the developers and technical leaders here to search your codebase for s3.amazonaws.com and update your links in the next 18 months?
It's funny you say that, because the same Chris Bickerton articulating the fringe view that true left wingers should get behind the leader of the Conservative Party's proposed Brexit deal at the other end of your link is also to be found expressing the same view in Guardian comment pieces...

The Guardian has many arguable faults, but not finding webspace for rather niche left wing schools of thought isn't one of them.
But the only reason domain fronting works in the first place is because people think that large web hosting providers are too large to block.

If a hypothetical tyrantical government was willing to block all of Amazon S3 this change doesn't affect anything.
What do you mean? The limit was on your coverage. Once you exceeded that limit, you had no more coverage.
Yes, I did. I prefer math/logic syntax, and I often like to work with pen and paper, and those are my main reasons for preferring TLA+ syntax over PlusCal. The author of Practical TLA+ says PlusCal is innately less expressive.

Even so, pron elsewhere recommends reading Practical TLA+ for other reasons, so I think I'll learn PlusCal anyway. I appreciate the suggestion.
I'd imagine you're merely trading sick now for sick later.
Hubble Legacy Field – Gigapan Viewer
oh for a one armed accountant...
The Business Cards of American Psycho
I'm sorry but Taxis were a criminally poor, inefficient, and dangerous product before Uber came along. I'd like to see you argue in favor of Taxis, because there really aren't many good arguments or excuses for how they operated and really just squandered their own opportunity.

Uber is better on literally every single dimension.

Stripe is an international company that's facilitated by the internet.
Given that the same articles come up over and over again, and attract upvotes and comments, it seems clear that the userbase gets value out of reposts.

Perhaps the HN software should turn the knob the other way, and automatically repost old links which got a lot of attention previous times.
But the alternative, which is to just not force this virtual host change in the first place, similarly might have gotten AWS blocked from those countries anyway
Same problem with all dynamically-typed languages, really. It's too easy to write the wrong thing and not find out about it until you've written umpteen unit tests. This can happen due to typos, refactoring, or whatever else. Only JavaScript is worse because it's weakly typed too, so it performs implicit coercions in an effort to make your code always do something (meaning your unit tests have to be very good to really ensure your functions do what you think they do).

A static type system ensures that, at the very least, all the types line up at compile-time. You find type errors much faster than with a dynamically typed language, and this can guide a much less exhausting development cycle.
> Interactions in social media are not like that. You're interactive with people playing parts, and that interaction is no longer genuine human contact. It just has the window-dressing of that.

> Loneliness and isolation is the logical result of that. It's a bit like replacing most of your food with "dietary fiber" that is made to look and taste like food. It will fill you up and taste good, but in the end you'll still starve to death.

What's interesting is that this basically makes social media a honeypot to those with histrionic or sociopathic tendencies. I wonder if, in the long run, we'll tend to look at the typical "influencer's" Instragam or YouTube account the way we today look at an e-mail from some very wealthy prince in Nigeria who somehow needs our help transferring his billions out of the country.
My point being that when I ask why static is better (from people arguing that), they'll talk about compile-time checks, they won't talk about the tooling.

When I ask them to show me examples, they don't point to bugs that were prevented by compile-time checks, they'll point to how they find it easier to write code because the IDE suggests things.
Do you really think some variant of lisp along with the op function is the best way to communicate with a wide audience? For normal people, that code is printing the result of 0.8^i for i=0..9.
The biggest problem with “human intelligence” is that our memory is so short and influenced by emotion. Though judging by the amount of data created and lost over the last decade, that’s probably true of computers too.
My concern wasn't getting offended. Nor is my intent to use autism as a "get out of jail free card". Yet its simply true that if you don't communicate you have a disability with people they will not understand your situation, misinterpret the situation, and assume things about you which are not true. This leads to stigma. You can try as hard as you want to accomidate others but if you have a social disability you will always fall short in some way that others do not. That is the nature of being disabled.

The issue is that taking responsibility for what you did involves clearly communicating that you have a disability or at least that you have specific social problems. If you don't do this the lack of communication WILL cause confusion and harm where it otherwise would not have happened. Communicating you have a disability is NOT a "get out of jail free card" its a way to explain you have some differences and when you act a bit differently it's not because of any ill will towards other people. It's about helping people to help you to learn how to interact with people more harmoniously.

Yet being open like this does cause stigma and patronization. Disclosed I was disabled to a job placement agency once in the efforts of clearly communication. I am closed and cautious about disclosing disability but I've had so many good experiences with public servants I trusted them. Huge mistake. I wanted try to get a job the same way as everybody else with no preferential hiring or special recruiters involved. I got assigned two case workers. Neither of them sent my resume to anybody but a disability recruiter. The jobs they found for me were bad fits for my skillset because they were more concerned with finding me a "disability job" than something I could do well.

I eventually got what I wanted by searching for a job on my own getting hired after a single interview with no disclosure of my disability. I do my job well. Yet now the lack of communication gets me in trouble at work.
Fwiw, The Times doesn't do this, even in the app.

It's not a great app, but the one thing it gets right is behaving quite like a newspaper - even down to navigation to select which of the past 6 days' (plus today's) editions you'd like!

(What it gets really wrong, and refuses to accept is a bug every time I report it, is that when the edition updates at 9am/noon/5pm/midnight if you have an article open it randomly jumps to a completely different article that now occupies the spot on which you clicked to open the initial one.)
https://www.techmeme.com
Yes, America's existing taxi system was also awful. The fact that the only way to improve upon the situation required a series of criminal conspiracies and attempts to obstruct justice that were never properly punished reflects very poorly on the country.
That record onto tape with no hassle feature is pro.