skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
As a person who does and who's founded a company partially on the basis of the value of them, my opinion is that, in-part, it's because the ecosystem is extremely fractured, the tools are often an esoteric projection of the inside walls of one mad scientist's head turned into software, and they often don't scale very well (mostly due to the two previously mentioned conditions).

Additionally, the tools are often designed to empower a kind of pre-existing "priesthood" of a particular kind of verification practicioner, not necessarily to generally enable a more rigorous software development life-cycle by being approachable.

Granted we're trying to change a fair chunk of that, but that's sort of the status quo at the moment.

Lastly, there are some cultural forces in the software industry which aren't all that aligned or interested in making commonplace software development as rote, boring, and predictable as steel beam construction. But, I think those can eventually be overcome when people see the value of enabling a new bar for the sophistication of software innovations (e.g. like FEA and CFD did for mechanical systems).
I presume Caviar is a company and your office isn't munching on gourmet food every day?
Well, ya know, Socrates was great and all, but this particular theory isn't exactly supported by the millennia that came after him.
I'm just amazed this is still a thing. Are these demos always written in low-level GPU primitives?
> This means having some form of specification, or spec, for what the code should do, one where we can unambiguously say whether a specific output follows the spec.

This seems to ignore a vast majority of possible software. It's easy to confirm/test whether a function, with no state, takes a certain input and produces a certain output. You can write that in a spec. You can unit test that. But that ignores the whole concept of state; the whole state of the system. If X happened yesterday, Y happens now, and X and Q are true, and it's a Wednesday and a full moon then the output is Z. By the time you've encoded that and every other variation into a spec, congratulations you've written the software!
Interestingly, Google gets it right about Terry Gilliam. He was famous also for being the only non-British Monty Python, but he became a citizen and gave up his American passport.

He's listed as "British screenwriter". I guess you could argue that he's that, sure, but a director first, so it doesn't get this one exactly right, either, but for different reasons. Anyway, although British is technically right, I'm probably not the only one that will forever consider him American.

BTW, the Wikipedia snippet underneath says "Terrence Vance Gilliam is an American-born British screenwriter, film director, animator, actor, comedian and former member of the Monty Python comedy troupe." Makes you wonder...
Haven't banks also consolidated and gotten bigger?
If you look at lambda calculus where all values are encoded as functions, the difference between using a value multiple times and using a function multiple times goes away.

I'm not a type system expert, but I'm sure some of the theories that work on unique types work on non-function values and function values at the same time.
We ended up finding Novolin N at Walmart, before the Brazil solution, but our Dr. dissuaded us from switching.

You probably know this better than I, but the doctor advised us that Humulin N and Novolin N are not interchangeable; while they are the “same” insulin (NPH), the manufacturing process is different, affecting dosage.

In our pet’s case, the Dr. had conducted a series of exams to determine Humulin N dosages — which he advised us we would have needed to redo if we switched her to Novolin.

I think in humans it is easier to get blood readings, but in the dog’s case the Dr. needed to keep her in hospital to do a series of “curves;” this was expensive, so we did not want to redo.
No, they’re junk bonds, I.e. not investment grade.
JVM-Based Serverless Application Framework
No we don't. Right-left brain thinking has been completely debunked, for example. If you've got links to overwhelming evidence (studies) I would appreciate it.
Agreed, I wish the author would have explained why the authentication system was tied in so directly to this bug. Seems like the biggest learning would have been to separate the two.
In vernacular usage, the act of lying requires intent. Is it perhaps possible that Parent is trying to communicate a difference between intentional false statements, commonly called lies, and unintentional false statements, commonly called being wrong?

If someone is incorrect about the time when you ask, it's possible they are deliberately misleading you. It's also possible they are not, and their clock is also incorrect. Would you consider both cases to be lying?
I wonder if the full article brings up the fact that there are genetically-determined response levels to aerobic exercise. See Michael Mosley's "The Truth About Exercise" and the University of Bath study it refers to.
This is why currencies like Cardano were created.
No, doing things that you could not do without the benefit of technology is what makes you a tech company. Obviously you can stretch the definition of technology to mean pretty much anything if you are not arguing in good faith.

I think all of us in 2019 have a fairly standard consensus understanding of what technology means in the context of this conversation and it would not be good to hijack that to mean anything you want it to mean.
Defense Distributed teases new DIY 3D printed semi-automatic pistol
Because with the most extreme prediction the sea will only rise 160cm by 2100 which is really only a bit of shoreline lost for the current property owners.

It will take 1000 years of melting to meet the Hollywood style sea level rise.
Favorite saying: “ when you owe the bank $100,000, you have a problem. When you owe the bank $1,000,000,000, the bank has a problem”
It seems pretty accurate. The South Coast Air Quality Management District tested a bunch of consumer devices against a $30,000 professional device. I was deciding between the IQAir and Laser Egg 2+, which both did well according to their tests http://www.aqmd.gov/aq-spec/evaluations/field. I got the Laser Egg 2+ the other day. It's really enlightening to see how it spikes when we cook dinner or lunch on the gas stove.
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I know its a troll comment but it really illustrates my point. Rust feels great when you know all the paradigms and complexity involved in writing Rust code because for a seasoned veteran it does everything sensible and right. But for your average person trying to get into Rust is a nightmare of fighting the borrow checker on all your misintended mistakes that would at best be silent undefined behavior in other languages. Top it all off with how expressive Rust is relative to most C like languages (remember, we had an entire generation who thought function objects were alien because they were taught Java) and its fantastic if you know what you are doing and a totally lost cause when you don't.
It is artificial in the sense that there really isn't a good reason why the supply shouldn't be going up.
The common theme for many people who succeed in losing weight and keeping it off through making a sustained lifestyle change seems to be some form of "hitting bottom" experience. Sort of like the experience that some drug addicts go through before getting sober (although food isn't really addictive in the same way). For some it's a health scare like a heart attack or diabetes diagnosis. For others it's an embarrassing social incident like being unable to fit into an airline seat.

But that's all anecdotal. It wouldn't be practical to codify "hitting bottom" experiences in a clinical study since they're so individualized.
No, because timing.

But if you have a few bucks to spare and want to gamble you could buy far out of the money options for a downturn. VIX gets priced in, don't know how it looks currently.

Or you can gamble with "paper money" at Thinkorswim.

If you see a 25 standard deviation you are either

1. Incredibly lucky

2. Incredibly unlucky

3. Or don't have a standard distribution (but a fat tail distribution or Levi flight or whatever)
Okay...
....
That's extremely open ended with no demo or anything letting me know what this is..
I did. Kids all grown now, doing fine. My oldest daughter hated going to school, asked to stay home, so we started there. Then we read up and got involved with other homeschoolers. I recommend John Holt's books, "Deschooling Society" by Ivan Ilich, and anything by John Taylor Gatto.

http://www.cantrip.org/gatto.html

Not sure how we would have managed if we both had to work, or for a single parent. I had a flexible job and schedule, my wife was a full-time mom, teacher, and social director. We didn't follow any curriculum, more like the Montessori model. All of my kids have high school diplomas (through community college), one has a BA, another still in college.

I went to private (Catholic) elementary school, then public schools. My wife went to public schools.
Semi-related to this is Darwin/MacOS emulation layer: Darling.

https://github.com/darlinghq/darling
if you want the punchline, this quora answer has it (SPOILER ALERT): https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-most-useful-Harvard-Busine...

otherwise you can search for “ODI optical distortion business case” to find sites that have the setup and various attempts at analyzing/answering the case.
The phases of the moon and the shadow cast on the moon during a lunar eclipse are not related. The phases of the moon are caused by the position of the moon relative to the Earth and the Sun. Imagine two lines extending from Earth to the Sun and the Moon, if the angle at Earth is 90 degrees, the moon appears half full to the people on the side of the Earth that can see it. If that angle is 180 degrees, it’s full. Zero degrees is a new moon. The reason the phases last all night is because the moon rotates ~27 days, therefore changing its relative position to the sun only slightly in a night.

A lunar eclipse occurs during a full moon and the Earth, Moon and Sun are aligned. causing the Earth to cast a shadow on the Moon. This doesn’t happen every Moon rotation because the Moon’s orbit is slightly off.
Bars on the windows? Now we're back to fire safety.
Fat burns calories.

Only brown fat (BAT) does, and humans have very little.
I suppose you could invest in Microsoft stock as they own Github and if your repo is being used a lot that probably helps their stock?
Fraud and scams are the second oldest profession. Nothing about theranos or fyre or crypto is unique to this time other than the social media-as-fuel component.

If you’re trying to say that corporate bonds are going to tank the economy, you’d need to find an increase in fraudulent issues. This is not the case—-the corporate bond market is highly regulated.
This article is a bit misleading. The subprime crisis occurred because of the leverage on packaged debt that was held by big banks. Where by an original loan amount of say $1MM had an outstanding obligation perhaps 100x that.

The issue was that the banks held this debt, which means when there was an issue, they would become insolvent, which would lead to a financial crisis like the great depression, which is why government intervention was needed.

$1.2T of outstanding debt is high, however, not very relevant without knowing who the debt holders are. And as the article states, the primary big banks aren't overly exposed to this debt.

Additionally if the debt isn't leveraged on top of the outstanding loan amounts, again the damage from a potential crisis in this area will be very contained.

As the article states a lot of this exposure sits with private equity funds and hedge funds, which would result in very little impact to the average citizen if there were an issue.

In regards to the Michael Burry comments about fraud, that was specifically related to a bubble. That one of the surest signs of a bubble is out right and rampant fraud. This is critical because when a bubble occurs it means that mass hysteria sets over the general population as neighbors see people "dumber" than them making money. This leads to rampant speculation across the board, which then leads to bad actors committing fraud. They commit fraud because the incentives are high to make a quick buck.

A loosening of debt requirements, while a bad idea, doesn't qualify as fraud. There also isn't general speculation that is associated with a bubble, which was one of the main ingredients for the housing mortgage crash as well.

So while there maybe an issue here if defaults occur those issues will be very contained. There maybe some hit to the general financial markets, but nothing even remotely close to what occurred with the housing crisis.

This is basically the equivalent of saying that any debt that shows loosening guidelines and floating APR is the same thing as the housing crisis, which isn't accurate.
That's a good thing: the cliff is visible (zero is familiar) and intuitive (negative numbers are unsupported).

The pitfalls of signed arithmetic are much more insidious. Left shift a negative value? UB. Negate a negative value: maybe it's still negative. INT_MIN / -1? Crash!

Even basic arithmetic operations, e.g. the average of two integers, is unreasonably hard with signed arithmetic.
Does anyone know where Binder gets its funding from? Or how much it costs to run an operation like this?

I’m wondering if it’s economically feasible to make online textbooks and references interact-able through a Jupyter backend. I know it’s already technically possible via nb-interact, but I haven’t seen it used besides a classroom size.
You're right! There is no third party who disrupts the balance of power here. There's just all the games you - and everyone else - are simultaneously playing against one another.

In the context of this particular game, part of the very basic setup is that attacking is cheap and easy as measured in immediate resource costs. As other comments point out, attacking does not automatically create vulnerability, making collective retaliation against attacks unreliable. Further, there is no true win condition. There is only continuing to play. There is also the knowledge that attempting to communicate with any other player requires becoming vulnerable to an attack from anyone who detects you. Even assuming you can establish meaningful communications and trust, is far more likely to get you annihilated by some other player than to lead to a desirable outcome. That there's a non-zero chance of being detected by more than one player only makes the odds against you longer - it only takes one attack.

Within this extremely harsh set of rules and interpretations, most rational players will likely conclude that the balance of risks does not favor trying to find friends with their entire civilization at stake.

I understand if some people might choose to find otherwise.
As a high schooler, I remember buying citi stock for $2.60 or something like that. Just an anecdote, but my teenage self just said, “come on. It’s still a bank!”
You're right, I don't feel passionate at all about programming languages or technologies. Not interesting anymore. I am passionate about solving problems, happy clients, and a solid reputation in my niche. And making a good living.
I would imagine a more polished F-Script[1] or a Ruby with selector syntax. Swift still feels to me like a language designed by people who hate Objective-C.

1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-Script_(programming_language...
I upvoted the whole comment chain :) I love the high quality discussion that hackernews fosters

to chime in:
Russia may want to heat up the world, but would that not result in having to defend their borders from a mass migration inland?

the sociopathic part might not the global warming, rather denying the refugees entrance to your country, forcing them to "drown"

I ponder: may COLD rank next to water, air, food, as precious global resources?
It's not, though. In real terms, house prices have barely risen.
Hopefully something will be done about the nuclear waste before the ice melts and exposes it.
Java is pretty far away from Objective-C and it showed with how badly Cocoa translated to Java's static nature.
https://www.principles.com/big-debt-crises/
Nova Hunters (2006)
There's a pretty good explanation of how lunar eclipses work here (includes a video animation):

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/news/2019/1/11/how-to-watch-the...

You can read about lunar phases here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_phase
The earth has potential for over 100m of sea level rise, but it wont happen at an instant. but for many places 1 meter more with a huge wave a day could already become a problem
People Are Computers
There are large error margins on localized effects and time frames. Sea levels will not rise equally everywhere and in many cases local weather like rainfall, sea temperatures and air pressure will have a larger effect. Then you've got how those changes effect the local land which may suffer from more or less erosion and could now be at risk of storm surges.

You've got to get the timing right too, a property 4 meters above sea level might only be beach front for a decade before another meter of rise swallows it, to invest you'd have to assume someone would buy it at that point. There would likely be enough buildings and trees visible in the water to remind any potential buyer of their short sightedness.

Not all waterside property is equal either. There won't be time for a beach to form on your waterfront, so it wont command the sort of values that many do today. Nearby structures out in the water would make for a poor boating and fishing experience and probably give a pretty gloomy ocean view.

There is more than enough uncertainty to make it a poor investment, even if the science was 100% certain.
Interesting. I would very much love for him to be right.
There is a lot of work done now with formal methods used for smart contract verification. MakerDAO formally verified correctness of their contracts last year: https://github.com/dapphub/k-dss/
> That behavior won't change from week-to-week

Maybe "shouldn't" is a better world that "won't".

It is sadly common for a sudden whim to cause a new feature to thread a change all the way from the GUI down to the database representation, with plumbing at multiple stages in the middle.
Cardano's proof of stake model has stronger assumptions than proof-of-work (if it wouldn't be the case, and the authors could prove it, they could work on improving Bitcoin itself...but I think they preferred to make money).

New altcoins just don't solve the problem of increasing the security of Bitcoin. Schnorr signatures are are great example of not making the cryptographic assumptions stronger (actually making them weaker) while improving the scalability of the system.
It's not causal, it's symptomatic. People tend take bigger risks, even criminal ones, when they have less to lose or less to gain. It's an interesting proxy for economic desperation.
One of those opinions is from a professor of psychology, the other sells test prep services for a living.
Good idea! That could definitely work.

This seems like it could only be implemented client-side. It also seems like it would require rapid and frequent updates to the ever-growing blacklist. That in turn would require a way to figure out what hashes needed to be blacklisted, which implies either less-than-ideal cryptography practices or the ability to decrypt messages. Neither is desirable for user privacy.

I have a rule I use in computing: whenever you think you want a blacklist, you probably want a whitelist.
Hmmh, I on the other hand, turn on the heating when I come home, then exercise. Once I'm done, I feel warm and soon it actually is. But that's just me.
Lying is about intent.

Intent or reckless disregard for truth.

If, for example, I write that MIT has assembled a robot army with the aim of taking over Canada, I don't know for a fact that is false.

Slander and libel use that standard.
Until that one server goes down in the middle of the night or it has issues.

Or if the server doesn’t go down and your cron job fails. Do you then implement retry logic in every job since cron can’t do retries automatically?
We're not talking about using a function value once, we're talking about using a function value repeatedly, from one callsite in the source code. So the function is not getting consumed.

But you were correct. There is a sense of uniqueness that could be captured in a linear type system. If we want the function's computation run exactly once per frame, you might imagine a linear value created at the top of the game loop, threaded down to the callsite where the function consumes it. Alternatively, the function could emit the linear value, which then it gets returned all the way back out to something which explicitly consumes it at the end of the loop. Or maybe you encode this mechanism into the type system or as a language feature some other way, but the point is, it's not the function itself that gets used once -- it's an input or output parameter, combined with some sort of access control that guarantees only the outer game loop code can create or destroy such a value.
The really simple answer to this question is: because at a high level of abstraction, it isn't useful. Most applications are being specified by people who don't understand in any detail what they want the application to do. They can't even imagine the problem well enough to discuss it let alone specify it. A very large proportion of failed projects I've seen is due to this break down. The people who have the time and inclination to investigate the details are not the ones who care what it does. You can have an incredibly low defect count and still not build the thing you need.

But if you look at a lower level of specification, then formal methods start making a lot more sense. For example, let's say I have to implement a communications protocol. This is something I can specify and that I can build against that specification. Companies sell protocol testers that test your implementation against a protocol. It might be nicer to have a formal specification than a back end test -- especially because there are often more scenarios you care about than you can feasibly test.

At an even smaller scale, we are now realising some benefits of this mode of thinking. For example, we've had types in programming languages for a long time, but lately we're able to actually make statements about what the code does, simply by analysing the types. This is a massive step forward and I'm really looking forward to things like constrained types making it into the mainstream. Similarly things like Rust's borrow checker can allow you to make analytical statements about how much memory you are using (if you are careful), etc, etc. These are great.

I think that the success of formal methods is going to be through the backdoor and at this design/implementation level for a long time. In fact, pretty much forever.
totally agree, formal specs usually used to describe the desired _goals_ of the project, so it's pretty high level and probably won't change pretty often
I think what’s really happening is social media is “going dark” in the wake of Facebook and Trump, and predictions that were previously possible, will now expire.

All of this ties into candidacy announcements for 2020 presidential elections, and people are doomsday prepping for that one, since the ground is going to shake no matter the outcome, this time around.