skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I see people saying that drugs in the US are twice as expensive as other countries in the comments. I'll summarize [0] which is one of the sources for that number.

People in the United States spend roughly 2x per capita compared to Germany, Canada, and the UK. This does not mean that drugs in the United States are twice as expensive.

The US tends to use newer molecules in the drugs that are purchased -- particularly ones that are still patented and more expensive. Other countries like Germany and the UK tend to use older drugs (e.g. molecules over 30 years old).

A naive analysis would notice that the US spends more on drugs for a lower number of sales and would conclude it's because prices are high, but that ignores the fact that US doctors tend to prescribe newer on-patent drugs which are -- drumroll -- more expensive and not necessarily more effective. I'd argue this is the fault of the doctors prescribing the drugs more than any drug company's fault.

If you examine Exhibit 6 in the study, you'll see that, yes, the United States does tend to have more expensive drugs than most other countries but it is NOT an outlier. For example, Japan and Mexico pay more than the US for the same drugs on average. Drug prices are not nearly as big of a problem as people make it out to be.

Also, to its credit, the US also has significantly cheaper generics and over-the-counter drugs.

[0] https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.27.1....
10 minutes is still two orders of magnitude longer than "<ctrl-shift-c>."
Its impossible to do an apples to apples comparison but I would imagine by most standards EU health markets are less regulated than American ones, just because the organizational structure is so much simpler and oversight is so much less distributed. Instead of needing policy on every kind of machine you can use in what configuration or parameter codified in law or by an agency by formal declaration the NHS just buys the stuff they want doctors to have.
This might be a good way to lock people into a brand if they become dependent on systems like this to drive somewhat decently.
Heh maybe.

I am aware of the eMMC issues. Not to mention a phone from those days is slower then current phones, although I don't know much that matters with the custom ROM they use.
> GNU projects tend have info pages that are a lot more complete and thorough then their man pages

Why is that? Why don’t they build both from a single source?
The “set” command lets you override the positional arguments but starting at $1. You cannot directly set $0. But you can set BASH_ARGV0, and the value of $0 changes accordingly.
Completely agree. Someone on LinkedIn shared an article that was written by the CEO of Blue Shield of California that was basically bemoaning efforts to overturn the ACA under the guise that people would become uninsured. Never once was it mentioned how much money has been made by insurers due to the additional people who’ve signed up because of the ACA.
Firebase is a dream. It's almost a shame they got bought by Google because it's such a fantastic idea. All of the things I used to dread setting up (auth, deployment, serverless) are automated and dead easy. The documentation is clear and caters to the common usecases. I managed to set up a Sendgrid email that sends on database writes within an hour or two.
> Only if you write unidiomatic (Read crap) C++.

Thats a bit unfair. A recent headache for my C++ project was mixing audio buffers. The buffers are cached to avoid repeated reads, the channel count differs, the sample rate can differ, the output rate can differ, and mixing has gain limiters applied etc. Lots of buffers, lots of copying, lots of boundary cases (eg. sample #1 doesnt start until t=100ms, sample #2 ends before sample #1, etc).

I struggled for days getting all the buffer copying right (raw pointers to many interrim buffers). You may think that my problems were due to using "crap c++ in unidiomatic way". However, I challenge you to find a better, and as efficient method to accomplish the same goal. The end MixAudio() function looks like plain old C code from the early 80's, but how else can you tackle this problem in a modern way?
And here we could get into all sorts of back and forth. For instance while it says OTF was from 2013-2016, there is also nothing listed after 2016. Does this mean that OTF cut funding for some reason, that future donations were not listed, that Signal was able to coast just based upon the relatively large OTF donations, or something altogether different? Who knows.

And similarly the problem with funding is not one that's paradoxically not solved by money alone because it then raises new questions. In particular why would you put $50 million into a project like this? Is it simple good will and benevolence expecting that money to simply be gone but in exchange society gains a great centralized communication medium? Well, maybe - but it's also possible that there are different motivations. And when this money runs out what happens next?

Ultimately I'm not trying to convince you not to use Signal, I'm explaining where I see problems with Signal. And with all centralized services it's going to come down to trust. If you trust Signal then you might answer the above questions in one way. If you don't trust them, then your answers would probably be quite different. In my opinion no tech company deserves the benefit of the doubt when it comes to trust anymore.
Do you also write all your functions to pass large inputs by value until a profiler says you can pass a const reference?

Some implementation details are so well understood that you really don't need a profiler to do what is probably the right thing by default.
The article does a poor job of explaining the threat model, but I think you hit on the exact problem here. OOB baseboard management should not have direct access to other OOB management nodes, lest you invite that as an attack vector.

Unfortunately I'm going to bet a notable amount of networks conflate say routing layer and OOB management traffic and don't segregate the two (where often routing protocols need to cross communicate but OOB baseboard management does not.)
Thanks, the instant environment cloning looks nice. Does that also clone the database and redis?
“BASH_ARGV0: a new variable that expands to $0 and sets $0 on assignment.”

Changing argv[0] would make utilities like ps show a more descriptive/shorter name, eg in the case of long command paths.
>Python or Node

Python, sure, but replacing Bash with Node just seems like replacing a language crippled by its need to be backward compatible with (Bourne) sh with a language crippled by its need to be backward compatible with what Brandon Eich came up with in two weeks in 1995.
Thanks, That is absolutely brilliant! I wonder why these product don't get much media coverage at all.

Turns out Discovery and Distribution aren't really a solved problem at all in the world of Internet.

I just wish some of these had two port though. I am starting to wonder if there will be hotels adopting USB-C as Charging standards and provides Port for it.
"What I mean by that is, when a company has massive layoffs, presumably they keep their best employees. "

That's typically not how it's done. Most layoffs are by department or division and there is not much consideration for individual performance. Some people with a good network may be able to jump to a safe position.
Les Moonves during the last campaign - "Trump may not be good for America, but it's damn good for CBS, most of the ads are not about issues. They're sort of like the debates, Man, who would have expected the ride we're all having right now? The money's rolling in and this is fun. I've never seen anything like this, and this going to be a very good year for us. Sorry. It's a terrible thing to say. But, bring it on, Donald. Keep going"

Does anyone seriously think something has fundamentally changed about the media since then?

The arms race for peoples attention is as bad as it has ever been.

The media is trapped by that fact and will be busy searching for the next bunch of characters who can top the ratings Trump gave them during the last campaign.

Sadly Warren won't fit their requirements.

To change the robotic way the media is going to be behaving requires a radical change in the underlying architecture that drives their behavior.

The like/view/click/retweet/upvote counts train these people neuralnet style in pandering. The counts should really be hidden while retaining the buttons so people can still like/upvote etc allowing the popularity, relevance, aggregation algos to still run.

It will change behavior of the press. A lot of the mindless fixation on the most divisive and superficial news won't be justifiable. Now like robots they keep pointing at the counts to justify their coverage of pointless garbage.
Is that in Japan (where the question was asked) or the United states?
This phenomenon of "mysterious Bitcoin miner smashing your shitcoin" was pretty common in the early days, especially around the time namecoin merged mining came into play. Any theoretical attack that might be possible on Bitcoin would be attempted elsewhere if you didn't have the hashpower to carry it out on mainnet.

Origin of the term shitcoin would most likely be unable to defend the 51% attack

Good write-up op
If you're doing it right, you are solving very different problems with shell vs any other language. Shell is best used as a tool for orchestrating other programs, you should not be implementing your programs in shell.

Syscalls, in general, are used in lieu of objects or other abstractions because they more accurate mirror what the underlying hardware is doing. This isn't always the case, some syscalls are maintained for POSIX-compatibility and add a lot of complexity to emulate behavior that is no longer reflective of the hardware.

At the end of the day, you'll find that it's very difficult to maintain the highest levels of performance while also presenting an API that has a high level of abstraction. Things like dynamically-resizable lists, using hash tables for everything, runtime metaprogramming, and other such niceties of modern HLLs aren't free from a performance perspective.

If you really want to know more, I would suggest reading one of McKusick books on operating system design (the most recent being The Design and Implementation of the FreeBSD Operating System 2/e, but even the older ones are still largely relevant).

Maintaining this "useless POSIX compatibility trap" has a certain amount of utility; I for one like not having to re-write all of my programs every few years. I imagine others feel the same.

In closing, some projects that are pushing the boundaries of OS design which you may want to check out include:

* Redox OS (https://www.redox-os.org/) - a UNIX-like OS done from scratch in Rust

* OpenBSD (https://www.openbsd.org/) - one of the old-school Unices, written in plain old C, but with some modern security tricks up it's sleeves

* Helen OS (http://www.helenos.org/) - a new microkernel OS written from scratch in C++, Helen OS is not UNIX-like

* DragonFlyBSD (https://www.dragonflybsd.org/) - a FreeBSD fork focused on file systems research

* Haiku (https://www.haiku-os.org/) - binary and source compatible with BeOS, mostly written in C++, but also has a POSIX compatibility layer
I'm a big fan F# the language. It comes across very as a modern, cleaned-up version of OCaml — F# started out as an implementation OCaml, after all — with some very interesting innovations.

However, it comes with the baggage of .NET Core, which is a rather big thing. And it's growing, as Microsoft is apparently porting over everything from the older, non-cross-platform .NET stuff. For one, .NET Core includes the CLR/CIL, i.e. the JIT VM and cross-language integration, which I'm not interested in at all; I just want an AOT compiler. The AOT support seems like a fairly recent addition, and it's unclear to me how optimized it is or how well-supported it is compared to the older CLR-based toolchain. As a standard library, CoreFX seems rather large, and contains things like GUI and SQL Server support, for some reason.

In short, .NET Core seems like something you'd love only if you were already heavily invested in Microsoft's tech stack. I'm not interested in it myself.
If this is true, then does the pre-existing size of BTC and other widely mined crypto-currencies create a moat? How can a new up-start coin ever hope to gain significant traction with the possibility of a 51% attack?
You may also like https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxr2d4As312LulcajAkKJYw

Lots of interesting 18th century cooking and other period skills.
I disagree, VR seems like a gimic whereas AR could be so useful to tons of real world applications.
Do you have a source for this? From what I can find, e.g., [1], the government only pays for about 1/3 of the costs. And the government funding is usually more for the underlying basic science and preliminary results, compared to the drug companies that develop drugs, test them and bring them to market. These last steps, which are ridiculously expensive, have not been a government area of expertise. (The same pattern holds for most any technology, the government supporting the basic research while more applied research and development is left to private companies.)

[1] http://thebalance.com/who-funds-biomedical-research-2663193
I don’t get the example, can you explain? What does this buy that you don’t have by simply putting the content of private.cpp into stack_pimpl.cpp? The data members are already in stack_pimpl.h (so nothing private or hidden about that) and the methods are already declared in both and implmented in both cpp files, so what are you buying over just putting the declarations in one header and implementation in one source and not delegating from one to the other?

Was it just a oversimplistic example and the benefit is actually if priv_t has a bunch of internal methods that you want to keep out of the stack_pimpl.h interface?
These people could explain why an apple falls from a tree using a psychological study.
So where does the money physically go? If I’m a rent-seeker, I still have an incentive to be stingy with my expenses. The only reason I wouldn’t would be if someone else had a monopoly and was rent-seeking on me, but who’s doing that?

I wouldn’t rule out the possibility that it’s rent-seeking all the way down, but you’d have to make that case. Suppose you say, doctors and pharma companies are rent-seeking, and I say doctors don’t really bring home the bacon and pharma has a 5% profit margin. Then you say, well, it’s the bureaucrats, and then I say, why doesn’t some pharma company just fire the bureaucrats and keep the profit margin to themselves? They can’t because of regulations? That’s not even rent-seeking anymore, it’s just over-regulation and you can fix it with deregulation.

OK, well, the doctors have their student loans and the pharma companies have some other requirements that they need universities for, so universities are the real rent-seekers. Except it’s not the universities, who are broke, it’s—well, who seeks rent from universities? I’m not ruling it out, but this is also starting to sound like it leads back to the Rothschilds somehow.

You can’t just say “Americans pay more for X therefore rent-seeking”. There are lots of things that can cause inefficiencies.
Christmas Eve was the exact best day to buy. It looks like the rocket is taking off again and for real this time. Market has been very good the past few days and there’s a bunch of catalysts this week and earnings season coming up that could sustain the action. I opened positions again last week and am already up 12.8% with my portfolio. Good luck to all.
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There’s nothing innovative about cutting off someone’s health care until they can pay, and it probably wouldn’t last long as a policy here.
Not to mention that they're easier to diagnose and fix. Having diagnostic data available to you was fantastic for me as a young car nerd with no experience.
didn't read the article ..but laser cats?
What reason do you have to doubt the most successful automotive manufacturer on Earth?
Is it too much to ask for both?

Web development is mainly hampered for me by the lack of a basic shared file system - Coda, however, is phenomenal. I've been able to do a lot on the go with Coda alone.

I'm looking forward to the release of the full Photoshop on the iPad Pro - once we get that, Logic, and some semblance of Xcode I can start taking a serious look at it again.
There is also the field of non-moving parts fluidic devices[0] which did find some industrial applications and might even be in use today. Unfortunately, because they have no moving parts there's not much to see when they are in operation. They are interesting though because they can be made to operate at kilohertz frequencies, can be made quite reliable(no moving parts), and can operate in conditions electric circuits cannot. Because operation is dependent on shape and not material properties, fluidic devices can operate in harsh conditions like inside nuclear reactors, in molten steel, or in intense electromagnetic fields. Because they had no moving parts they are fairly insensitive to high accelerations and shocks, which is useful for things like missile guidance systems[2] and tank gun stabilization systems[3]. One very interesting demonstrated use of fluidics was an aircraft autopilot built with very little moving parts[1]. They found their biggest use in industrial control systems for some period to control things like factory equipment.

[0]http://miriam-english.org/files/fluidics/FluidControlDevices...
[1]https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/197300...
[2]https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a204334.pdf
[3]https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA038394
Sure I completely get that, but what the core issue I was hitting on is that you end up trading an expensive resource (computing power) for a very cheap resource (disk space). In cases where disk space requirements become enormous this can be a necessary trade, but here that's not really an issue. I enjoy not strictly necessary optimization as much as anybody, but unless I'm missing something this optimization seems that it would ultimately result in a less performant system with very little to show for it so it wouldn't be particularly fair to call it an optimization.
Implicit Attitudes Can Change Over Time
Sure it can. Treat it as a functional and immutable language, and you can go pretty far with it, pretty safely.

You're forgetting that bash really just calls other code. So you can combine two language's stdin/out functionality (eg, Python or Node) to pair code together. Sure, it won't be fast, but it can do quick wonders as an ad hoc data pipeline.
Doctor Dolittle's Post Office

(also Richard Dawkins' favourite, curiously.
https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/the-book-th... )
As someone who lives in zsh and bash for interactive usage- I want to say- please do not write scripts in bash or zsh.
Use powershell- its an amazingly well designed scripting language.

Also- there is ammonite. Written for scripting.
Sorry, US. I updated my comment and I'm from the US but I have yet to use my personal medical care outside of my parents when I was a kid
We did this for our project and our builds sped up considerably. Also, Digital Ocean provides a quick solution to setup a GitLab runner on their cloud.
Reminder that 2019 version of macOS ships with 2007 (last GPL2) version of Bash, and will never ship with any newer version.

/bin/bash --version
GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin18)
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

macOS used to be an awesome developer machine with good tools out of the box. Now the built-in tools are just a bootstrap for their own replacement via Homebrew. Like IE for downloading Chrome.
Hmm... if you were a horrible person you could declare a `char[n]` member instead of a pointer. Then you could placement-new the impl in the constructor, and static-assert that `sizeof(impl)>=n`... No more cache misses :-).

:-(
They are publicly known to have shitty software and software practices from the testimony during the unintended acceleration trial.
Read with purpose: how to better understand and retain what you read
> clearly communicate that this is in no way intended for production usage.

But it likely will be anyway.

I use a variety of ORMs and hand-rolled SQL, and often will do select . The times when I know there may be a performance impact, or I'm debugging an existing performance impact, hand-rolled SQL always is on the table, but often* the issue is either missing/poor indexes or simply table design that didn't foresee the current use case. There's been a couple of times where a stray select * was, really, pulling back unintended very large blobs and causing a performance issue, but it's been infrequent compared to index issues.
I accept this explanation, but am not going to look up a pop song to verify it.
Tell HN: GitHub now leaks if you're a paying customer
If you're a paying Github user you may now notice a badge on your profile, denoting your subscription level (Pro, etc).

I'd prefer this information not be made automatically public.
University of Illinois, Springfield has one: https://www.uis.edu/math/curriculum/undergraduate/online/
And if the anticipated future profit-maximizing price of a new drug isn’t high enough, you don’t fund the R&D and the drug never gets invented.
I don't think changing argv[0] in the current process will have any effect in the /proc file system.

And to do what you describe, there's `exec -a NAME' already:

$ (exec -a NOT-BASH bash -c 'echo $0; ps -p $BASHPID -f')
NOT-BASH
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
dualbus 18210 2549 0 19:30 pts/1 00:00:00 NOT-BASH -c echo $0; ps -p $BASHPID -f
What he/she said is that “it's predominantly an asynchronous one to many form of communication”.

And it is true that this is the way many people use whiteboards, as a kind of presentation tool rather than a thinking tool. But that is largely down to lack of practice with the chalkboard/whiteboard as a personal, one-on-one, or small group tool.

There are plenty of people who successfully use white boards as a tool for routine technical conversations in small groups, with multiple participants writing on the same board.

“Not everyone is writing literally simultaneously” would be a vacuous and uninteresting statement, so I’ll give the previous poster the benefit of the doubt that he/she was saying something more substantial. No kind of conversation involves every interlocutor literally simultaneously talking/writing in the same space at the same time: that would just be a cacophony of monologues, not a conversation at all.
The Top 20 Female Artists in the Global Art Market During 2018
He may have been traveling when he had his heart attack: https://www.wsj.com/articles/john-stockmans-medical-bills-to...

He may have been attended-to by out-of-network practitioner: https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/Out-of-Network-ER-S...
Generate and Edit SQL code onlineno downloads
I'll wait for the registered replication before assimilating this into my model of reality.
If you can read French, there is more than 10 remote bachelor/master degrees you can register in French universities: https://www.fied.fr/fr/index.html
> Not going to argue here about healthcare reform, though. So if you disagree, don't expect a response.
I'm going to write a GUI in 3 months using qt + rust. Bookmarking for later.
It would be great if gym memberships could be made free for everyone. I bet it would even be cheaper in the long run to buy an Equinox membership for every American than it would be to do nothing.
Found this great tool. Avoid the tedium of writing SQL by hand. It reduces errors and automates a lot of common tasks. Download all scripts in a zip file-really cool