skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
One useful way to think of each year of chem/science study is to assume _it's the last year this student will take the subject_. From that perspective, the student will spend the rest of their life with _this_ mental model.

When viewed like this a mental model of a nucleus with electrons 'orbiting' around it is entirely valid and literally drops the student in the early 20th century.

One of the problems with experts is that they try building a straight line from zero to expert that never needs a backtrack step.

Personally I like the opportunity for students to learn about the experimental evidence that _forces them_ to need a better theory than the one they've come in with. Cognitive dissonance is one of the most powerful forces students have for learning - a good teacher should be engineering these moments as part of their lesson design.
I agree with you. I've had experiences where I'll see a building or piece of furniture and ignore it, only to find out that it's not a "modern" or new building, but was designed and built decades earlier than I may have thought - sometimes even a century ago. In context you realize how important they are even if we've grown used to the look and feel.
Yeah, no, my experience is that reader modes usually remove blocks of code or images or paragraphs at random. I will rather have a bad reading experience than one where I always worry in the back of my mind that some cruicial part of the content is missing.

A few too many times, I have read an article, finding it a bit vague and honestly not that good, only to find that all the code blocks or some of the images were gone.
For fixed-width serif font, I like bloomberg terminal serif font. It's the same family as Georgia but fixed spaced.

https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-ecd90601a357e090eadf2d...
> but for anyone else who views emotions as "obstacles"/unnecessary and is depressed, that's probably why

I completely disagree. She was very clearly stating that that is not the proper lens to look at life through, but it was a byproduct of her depression that lead to that conclusion, as a means to combat the strong pull of her emotional states.

I recommend reading "Part 1" of this strip: http://hyperboleandahalf.blogspot.com/2011/10/adventures-in-...

What you're saying is correct, that we need to learn how to regularly express feelings in a healthy way, no matter what they are. But to state that this was the cause of her depression was HUGE reach and really downplays and patronizes the reality of depression in so many people's lives.
In Queensland, Australia it's all an (internal) networked thing, relies on a lot of hardware interacting on IP networks. I can't imagine what'll happen in the 2038 situation - hopefully they've got a good vendor :)
Banning noncompete agreements is something California has been doing right since 1872 when they were first banned.

Another thing California does right is refusing to honor noncompete agreements from other states.
... Please no.

The style is part of its appeal.
Unfortunately this means less than you'd think. See other comments on this thread on the subject of accuracy. Also, from my understanding, the current (still wanting) state of accuracy is the result of large improvements during just the past few years. Prior to that, CGMs were still prescription medical devices used by Type 1 diabetics to say alive.

And more unfortunately, it has been my experience that information about managing blood sugar given to diabetics by doctors is almost uniformly quite bad (I've received the same sort of overly simplistic, misguided instructions from 4 or 5 different doctors myself; now I just nod and let them finish speaking). As a result, nearly every other (non-engineer/scientist) diabetic I've been met has very bad numbers (A1C: three month average blood glucose)—as I would have too were I to follow my doctors' advice. Instead I have very good numbers which are a result of research and reasoning I had to do myself.
Ok I should have been more precise. By "left join tuples" I intended to mean the "left join - inner join" tuples. The point is you can use sets and Venn diagrams to talk about joins.
> “Our ignorance is invisible to us”

Just like those tricky drawings, that even after they tell you that both lines are the same length, your mind keep saying “nope that one is longer”. Something very similar happens when we try see our ignorance. It takes a lot of effort, especially when no one have ever bothered to teach us.
Perhaps, but I wouldn't see it so much as a male domination phenomenon but as a self pressure to be accepted or liked, males on the other hand have to be successful or wealthy to find a female. We are just one more in the animal kingdom just a bit more complex.
Agreed. Now, if I was given any (expensive) parts replaced, then it would be a bit more credible. Otherwise, they could have a whole box of 'replaced parts' that they routinely show customers as a to operate their fraud. But they won't let you take them; their excuse will be that they will be recycled as 'core'.
Problem is that most people want to have reactions, replies in chains etc.

I personally quite like IRC but I understand why people are less keen.

It's not the way of the majority. Probably not the way of the entire center of the bell curve.
I don’t believe there’s any special motivation for including Python than what motivates the inclusion of any other of the common Unix tools such as Ruby, Git, grep, or awk.
Ha. That's like removing a bunch of methods from a program and claiming it's broken when it crashes. What did you expect to happen when blocking half of a site's libraries?
The US already moves over 40% of its total hauled tonnage by rail, more than twice that of the next largest economic entity, the EU, which is pushing about 20%. Long haul trucking isn't just competitive because the "subsidy" of not being banned from the federal interstate highway system. Pretty much all the freight that can be economically shipped by rail already is. Rail is inflexible and requires substantial investment in fixed infrastructure to add terminals. Intermodal facilities frequently add so much difficulty at both ends that it's often simpler and faster just have one truck drive 300 miles than to run a trailer 100 miles, piggyback by rail 200 miles, then another truck run the trailer from the intermodal terminal 100 miles to the destination. Charging trucks a toll to use the interstate or whatever isn't going to make rails magically appear over steep mountainous areas in the western US, or bridges for parallel tracks materialize over all the rivers and streams in the midwest/south, or new rights of way appear through the densely populated northeast. It's not like government sugar tariffs and corn subsidies combining to perversely make corn syrup cheaper than sugar. Rail and truck transport fill different niches and are both necessary to a functioning transport network.
Sure but they weren't dictating the intellectual climate as they are now and as they were then.
"The geographic north pole and the magnetic north pole have no particular relationship: the former is fixed in place by cartographers." That makes it sound like the geographic one is arbitrary, but isn't it the center of the Earth's rotational axis?
I am writing from the perspective of someone who isn't a CS major and is trying to learn programming on my own. I am very interested in the CS aspects of programming but am finding it hard to learn it in an approachable and understandable way.

If an "ivory tower" approach is working, I'm on board, but I bet more people get value out of SICP after they have a lot of classes and experience under their belt and not the other way around.
Plaid Parliament has a writeup on this that could be considered borderline canonical [1]. From some other Plaid folk, Maxims [2] are great as well.

To sum it up, players should learn something and players should not have their time wasted.

[1] https://github.com/pwning/docs/blob/master/suggestions-for-r...
[2] http://captf.com/maxims.html
She's very salient and talented. A lot of psychologists have recommended their patients to send this and "Part 1" (http://hyperboleandahalf.blogspot.com/2011/10/adventures-in-...) of hers as a way for those who are not dealing with depression to better understand and relate to those who are.
The Terrible Truth About “Ireland 2040”
This is the number one thing that turned me off of the Apple development ecosystem. Their absolute insistence on providing headers-only distributions of their libraries. It makes absolutely no sense. They're not protecting some closely guarded trade secret here, it's just a bunch of Objective-C UI code. And then the moment you need to change the color of something... or change the most trivial implementation detail in a base class, you're left completely starting from scratch.
It does, but it takes effort and I believe that Windows compiling is hard work on Mac.
I like lower case parentheses, for Scheme and Lisp coding. The ligatures in Hasklig gave me this idea.

I'm currently using Courier Prime Code with 60% parentheses, vertically centered around the lower case "o", and moved a bit left and right to open up expressions, and for better spacing trailing )))'s after a letter. This is easily accomplished using the demo version of Glyphs Mini, and it puts focus back on the text, without interfering with tools that expect parentheses. (I used a preprocessor for years that inferred most parentheses. It can be done, but then standard editor tools for Lisp don't work.)

There are deep reasons one might prefer Scheme to Common Lisp, particularly as a mathematician. Not liking Common Lisp's default "GET OFF MY GRASS" upper case is a shallow reason. Call me shallow. It was a revelation to realize that I didn't like Lisp parentheses because they were also upper case, and they should also be lower case.
> "At the end of the day it's the people that _don't_ use sunscreen that we see here in the clinic, not the people that do"

I'm guessing you're quoting this somewhat ironically but that's really bad logic on the doctor's part.
> in the case of food, spoiled goods and foods which can't be stored or transported for so long which can cause its own environmental issue

How do local supermarkets compete with TJs? Seriously, I love me some TJs but if the plastics are truly non-recyclable I will need to consider - we need go back to using a more sustainable method.

Also paper, glass and wood are all much more easily recycled. Re-Use should be king.
AMP has always and will always be a garbage idea. Stop implementing AMP.
At the very least, I expect it to crash faster after removing methods. It should not pause for a long time and then work.
The intent of the feature seems to be to hide content until it has been laid out properly, which is generally a positive change to the experience because you can't read stuff while it is jumping around. In that sense, the website is "deliberately" stopping you from seeing static content in the same sense that browsers deliberately don't flash the raw HTML code onscreen before they have finished performing layout operations, but it seems unreasonable to imply it is malicious or defective behavior.

The CSS animation is a fallback to that intended behavior.
Why? The difference between average programmers and the best ones is actually much higher than 10x.
There are compostable plastics (e.g. http://www.worldcentric.org/biocompostables/bioplastics)

(No info there on pricing ...)

"Bioplastics can take different length of times to totally compost ... and are meant to be composted in a commercial composting facility, where higher composting temperatures can be reached and is between 90-180 days. Most existing international standards require biodegradation of 60% within 180 days..."
Imho the only reason non competes should be permitted is if you’ve paid someone to acquire proprietary knowledge and that realistically the company's activities are the only reason that knowledge exists. It completely flies in the face of freedom of the worker to say you can’t jump ship to a competitor, unless you’re just doing it for trade secrets.

It’s anti-employee to say “hey, after us you don’t get to go use the skills and experience you’ve worked so hard for because that would harm our profits.” Surely employees don’t enjoy the reciprocal benefit of a company not being able to fill their spot after they leave.
How well served are the unenumerated?
A genuine problem is that intellectual hubris is often rewarded. There are many "experts" in their field for a reason - not necessarily because they always know so much - but because we have a human bias to defer to authority figures. This bias is not going away.

If you want to be able to market yourself and access opportunities that other people can't, you often have to project confidence - even overconfidence - in your beliefs. Non-experts can't tell, but they can certainly identify a lack of confidence. People have a bias for simple, clear prognostications, even if they are wrong.

This is an unfortunate reality, but it is a reality. Otherwise, we wouldn't see so many charlatans passing off as experts. But we do.

I think it's useful then to be able to project confidence and even overconfidence in your beliefs. But at the core, you must remain intellectually humble if you want to learn. You can't block out knew ideas because of your ego.

I've summarized this philosophy elsewhere as: look high-status, but be low-status.
In a lot of software projects, a “10x developer” if they exist, would be overkill unless they literally could type 10 times faster. For your yet another SASS CRUD app a lot of times, you just need a lot of coders and one or two architects to keep everything consistent.

Most companies don’t need to “hire only the best”.
Because IRC is old and badly designed. People keep talking about IRC but no one want to go back there because it's just bad compare to Slack, there is no history, no rich text, no integration what's so ever to anything recent.
Disabling javascript doesn't disable css animations.
Fair enough! I don't have the budget for a machine pistol, but maybe someone who does can try that idea out.
A new loophole on Ebay to buy for free
Trampolines (Scala)
>I didn't get hostility from the comment.

Jumping down my throat due to my otherwise benign comment is being hostile. Perhaps a conversation may take place next time; could even instruct me -- as you had here -- that "only reason to link to previous submissions is when there was discussion." Instead, asks leading questions, and some indirect accusation of gatekeeping. That's pretty far to take things based off a four word comment containing two URLs; you had to assume a lot in order to get that bent out of shape.
The point about the decentralised web allowing the permissionless creation of centralising systems reminds me of the paradox of tolerance, where tolerant societies are thought to be taken over by intolerance if they tolerate that intolerance.

Maybe this is a lesson that we need to be less tolerant towards the creation of centralised services because those with money and power will seek to bring decentralised systems under their own control.
News sites are hypertext, also known as formatted text, and not web-apps or programs which download and render websites. I expect news sites to load properly in the absence of the AMP CDN (not "half the methods"), not deliberately hide content from users. (I feel the same way about blocking page rendering when web-fonts don't download when their http connections hang instead.)

EDIT: I just moved to desktop. If I block all scripts in uMatrix, OP's URL loads immediately (albeit with a full page of garbage above page content). If I block external scripts in uMatrix, I have to wait 8 seconds before anything appears.
> The big problem in my eyes are trash bags. Don't know how to replace those.

Composting, and recycling glass, metal, and paper greatly reduces the need for plastic trash bags. Most of my regular trash these days is plastic that can't be recycled - either food contaminated, or thin plastic bags. And when you have so little landfill trash, you don't need to buy those massive plastic garbage bags. In my household, we just use the plastic bags that we get our produce in - and we don't even bag all of our produce, just things like leafy greens (delicate) or green beans/okra (hard to keep together)
>Vitamin D must be very important in order to make us evolve to have different skin tones

I'm no expert, but I believe it's thought that white skin must have evolved from sexual selection (i.e. lighter skin was thought more attractive), since it happened too quickly for any other explanation.
That's about the worst written headline I can recall. Might win some kind of contest. Bulwer-Lytton?
The problem is the average person doesn't have the money to pay a lawyer to fight off a company - especially the ones with teams of lawyers who need something to do.
Not what this site is for.
Open-source travel adapter database
PyQt packaging is no longer hard with https://build-system.fman.io. (I'm the author.)
The mobile web has always been utter trash, it's just gotten worse in the last five years as more sites have rolled out mobile versions.

Disabling Javascript helps a lot, but the "request desktop site" toggle is still frequently necessary.

Imgur is, however, deserving of special mention for actively degrading their mobile experience - direct image links redirect to the mobile site now, which loads low-resolution images.
Ask HN: JSON storage format questions (tree-structure)/value of ordered keys
Hey, as I'm developing a storage format for JSON for a versioned, temporal storage system I have a few questions.

First, I wonder if you'd value having object keys ordered. For instance that would even allow navigation as with the XPath-axis in XML. I likely will represent object keys as nodes, whereas each node has a reference to the next object key (by a unique ID). This design also allows our storage system to simply store the results of fine grained modifications (copy-on-write at the node level) without having to store an ever growing object-node (in contrast to storing all IDs of its object keys or even the Strings itself directly in the object-node).

Furthermore, I'd love to know if the number of children and descendants of a node would be of any value, at least storing it optionally (I for instance used it for novel interactive visualizations of XML tree-structures once (Sunburst view or treemaps)).

Furthermore would it be of some value if you could easily move around an object, array... in a tree-structure representation of the JSON data?

Kind regards
Johannes
noncompetes work even when illegal and unenforceable. Why, because you or many of your potential employers don't want the massive cost and emotional toll of being sued - even if you win you lose. That's all google, facebook, microsoft, etc. you know the companies that we KNOW are guilty of operating a cartel to drive down wages. That's all they need. This baseless illegal, legally unenforcable contract provision means they can use to impose a huge fine on you that is a negligible, non-material business expense to them even when they lose and you win in court. They win and you lose in real life.

Law is supposed to exist so the strongest might not always get their way. The law totally and utterly fails when it comes to non-competes. There are incentives to abuse them and no meaningful consequences.

Cue the apologists working for the big silicon valley players...
I wonder if Valve has hackathons and if the Proton guys want a new challenge.
Outlook is dim for Americans without college degrees
There were comments on a recent post here that drifted to children reacting to vaccines that surprised me with how many claimed with absolute certainty there was no link to autism.

I'll certainly acknowledge that most kids do not suffer such a reaction but not that it's impossible for some to, but those who were certain wouldn't do that.

Some of them were quite demanding about it. Almost insisting I admit I am wrong. I may well be, but I also know there's a lot we do no know about human biology. Just what we've learned about "gut bugs" in the past few years is pretty solid evidence of that. And it's also one of those cases where the more we've learned the more we realize there's even more we do not know.

To me, uncovering something that reveals how little we know, now that's exciting.
> Cue the apologists working for the big silicon valley players...

Why? Silicon Valley is in California where noncompetes are illegal. Silicon Valley companies don't use them. I've been in Silicon Valley my entire career and I have never seen one or heard of anyone who has.
Yes I was wondering about that. Magnetic force follows a power law, so you would think the upward force, once it's at the point of balancing the weight of the turntable, might be almost as rigid as a solid connection. Although it would be less so, the lighter the turntable was, for a given magnetic field strength. But then you would probably incur a "jumpiness/bounciness" penalty. Rather an interesting design problem actually.
As far as I'm aware, Haiku doesn't have hardware 3D acceleration of any kind. So, please!
Swift Playgrounds example doesn't work on 12.1:

assert(Bundle(path: "/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/AvatarUI.framework")!.load())

Error: Unexpectedly found nil while unwrapping an Optional value.
The lectures of the old 4 semesters of calculus at UT Austin consisted almost entirely of the proofs of why the material worked.

Less than entirely helpful if you wanted to use it.
To add some "anecdata" to the discussion, vitamin d supplements changed my life. I learned that my vitamin d levels were super low (7 ng/ml, when less than 20 ng/ml is deficient) from a routine blood test. Within a month of taking vitamin d, my afternoon fatigue went away, it became much easier to wake up in the morning, my energy levels generally increased, and my mysterious colds that I was getting every 1-2 weeks that winter stopped.

I strongly recommend getting your vitamin d levels checked!
I don't follow, which part did you fail to understand?
That's the problem with the legal system. It's very easy to bully the little guy. Even if the company loses it will still have cost a lot of money that most employees can't afford.
Likewise :

The rope core memories would become know as "LOL memory" after the "little old ladies" who knitted together the software at a factory just outside Boston.

These ladies would sit in pairs with a memory unit between them, threading metres and metres of slender copper wires through and around the cores.

"But it is extremely robust - that information probably still exists despite being left on the Moon."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8148730.stm
Big Hangup: Why the Future Is Not Just Your Phone
There is a slow turnaround happening in this area with milk, at least in the cities I’ve lived in the last several years. You can buy milk in glass jars, (as a bonus, produced within the state) and take the the empty bottles back to the grocery store for a $2 credit.
Not a priority for me. I actually don't even own a smartphone. I'm not saying using git to manage things is the right solution for everyone, but it does make sense for a lot of use cases.
Let's make human rights inalienable.
I think it's pretty easy to find historical examples of that.
Kitchen appliances are the easy and almost ignorable bit. What about:
* controls for railroad track switching
* hardware in air traffic control radars
* hardware that controls elevators
* firmware for traffic lights
* guidance systems in old oil tankers
* pipeline control systems
* oil refinery systems
* industrial food refridgeration systems

Embedded systems are everywhere, and they’re not all trivially dismissed.