skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
That depends on Lisp dialect; the above is true for ANSI Common Lisp.

Scheme is basically case sensitive. R5RS was insensitive; they repented from the idiocy and made R6RS sensitive. Finally, they caved in and made it configurable.

Emacs Lisp is insensitive; FOO and foo are different symbols.

TXR Lisp, ditto.

Case insensitivity is arbitrarily stupid; you're taking two subranges of a character set and making them equal. It ignores the fact that there are semantic differences linked to case: like Pole is someone from Poland, whereas pole is one end of a magnet.

I see foo and Foo as completely different; I've been programming in C and using Unix file systems for thirty years.

Case insensitivity is complicated in Unicode. To be implemented correctly, it must handle every script that exhibits a case-like duality or plurality whereby the same sounds are encoded with multiple sets of related glyphs:

CLISP fails here:

[1]> (eq 'ångstrom 'Ångstrom)
T
[2]> (eq 'フバル 'ふばる)
NIL

How about SBCL and others?

If you make things completely insensitive so that different codepoints are different characters, you don't have to implement reams and reams of tables for handling all of the scripts.

There are other issues there, like similarities between glyphs and groups of glyphs that aren't in a case-like relationship. These are worse than case, even; we can have a symbol ffi that is a ligature, and one that is just the three ASCII letters.

We don't even have to go to Unicode to find visual confusion issues: should we fold together 1 and l so that someoone doesn't name different variables poll and po11? These two look more similar to me than B and b, or E and e. In some typefaces it's worse than in others. People have exploited this sort of thing in obtaining vanity license plates that are hard to transcribe correctly for police officers.

All sorts of language features can be abused. We can have nested scopes such that an identifier can have different bindings in the same apparent scope. We don't need foo and Foo to create confusion: we can just have nested let-s with foo present at different levels of nesting. Should that be banned?

Basically, the right guiding principle is to trust the users of programming languages to be grownups.

By the way, in a number of mainstream functional languages, FooBar would be a type and fooBar a value, enforced at the language level. That is monumentally idiotic; you basically have case sensitivity and the implementation still has to recognize case distinctions. If we use Japanese names in Haskell, which is the type: the one starting with katakana or the hiragana one? How do you use scripts that don't exhibit case?
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/coreu.html
I'm not sure how it works for people in the Mariah Carey echelon, but small acts make most of their money from touring and merch sales. My understanding is that CD sales don't really got back to the artist anyway, in an appreciable way, even before Spotify, so Spotify seems to be a continuation of that idea.
I suspect there are many where the person that had the idea and did the research is completely anonymous because the person that managed and/or funded the lab made sure they were the ones with the name on the patent and marketing material.
It would be cool if we could have like a small bookstore that prints out the book for you kind of like an apple store or like a subway. You could watch your book being put together and be printed.
> and in particular the Arabic numerals.

They got that from the Indians specifically Aryabhata and Brahmagupta.
i got water poisoning in the backcountry... the delusion is not that dissimilar to a psychedelic experience, and actually intensified by the pervasive and unavoidable actual fear of death.
> Capitalization of proper nouns is a core semantic feature of English.

It is a core spelling rule of English. They could have gone the German way, with all nouns capitalised and compound words without spaces.
Is it true to say the US donates more (like Tom’s shoes) than legitimate investments?
Illuminated species
Old ladies had similar contraptions to go to the market more than 30 years ago. Did I miss something?

http://www.golf-charade.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/caddie...
You should check the A-8 Highway in northern Spain (paid with EU funds though)
Former fund manager here.

Yes, there is herdlike behaviour. But why?

Here's a little story about my investment career.

I once hired a guy for a fund I was partner in. He was a proper old school equity investor. He'd fly around the world to different countries and visit businesses. He'd think about each country's prospects, each industry, and each company. He'd meet withe the CEOs and look them in the eye, and ask them whether his company was gonna make money. I shit you not. He's come back to the office and share his thoughts on why one country was good, why this industry, why this business. It was a different story each time.

Another guy I worked more closely with on a fixed income desk. We'd think about different countries, their bonds, their IR rates, swaptions, etc. There's be some global stories inevitably, but a lot of local ones too and we'd chat about what to do in our trading book.

Then there was quantitative FX trading, another one of my projects. We'd look at things that affect currencies, patterns in the prices, anything you might imagine arrives as a live feed. And we built the infrastructure to trade the regularities that we found. Quite a lot of research and execution infrastructure. But at the end of the day, the computers are doing what? Looking at a variety of information and judging what will happen. Just like my two colleagues.

Fast forward to the last few years. Pretty much every conversation I have with anyone in the investment business talks about one thing: QE and zero rates. There's only one thing that matters for everything now. When interest rates are really low, what happens? Everything is worth buying. Buy houses, buy stocks. Buy them in the developed countries, buy them in EM. Sell options.

What used to be a conversation containing rates as an ingredient has become a conversation only containing rates.

People, and computers which learn what worked for people in the recent past, have gone from a rich market conversation about many things to one about just QE.

It will be interesting to see what happens in the near future. I can't think of a lot of bubbles that were deflated in a controlled manner. And I also expect more differentiation in equity debates. Company does this, industry does that.
Thanks for reminding me about Deno. It really feels like some of Node’s homegrown solutions to things like modules and async is starting to become a burden.

> It will be interesting to see which happens first: developers migrate to Deno or Node finalizes its ES module implementation.

I guess that depends on what you mean with "happens". Only one of them has a clear point where they're done happening.
That makes sense, thanks for the additional info!
Stock borrow is expensive. More problematically, dollar neutral doesn’t necessarily mean beta neutral (which is the same thing as delta neutral with respect to a broad-market index).
If you and management are both pro-social, with a lot of contact time that will ammount to decisions being tilted in your favor. If you are not so social (i.e. the person who usually turns out to be the other end of the zero sum game) then by virtue of handicapping the social interaction advantages of others you will come out ahead in remote work.
Utilization is bad metric - ie. you may spin cores to acquire lock.

How much of that utilization is doing useful work is important.
This trait and disease was discussed at length on the Joe Rogan podcast with Mcauley Culkin.

Apparently rats which catch toxoplasmosis are attracted to cat urine, which is an evolutionary reason for its development.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Oyb1xz7waY8
stairs also fall into this category.
was it free at first? I recall wrong probably. assumed it started as shareware and went free after IE. might be thinking of winsock.
Make America realize that helping other countries will benefit the world including the US in the long run.

America does realize this. It's why USAID, VOA, and other agencies spend billions of dollars each year for the last 60+ years building water systems, and swerage treatment plants, distributing medicine, teaching people better agriculture methods, stocking hospitals, supplying HIV/AIDS drugs to 80 million+ people, treating millions of people each year with malaria medicine, and a metric ass-ton of other things. All of this from tax dollars from the "America" the world thinks is full of hate.

Much of this money is spent in the very nations, especially in the Middle East, that have significant populations that chant "Death to America" every time a television camera is around, then when the news crews go away, return to eating food supplied by the U.S. government.

Here's a good place to start if you want to know more about the quiet, good work America does: https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do
I'm more optimistic about parallelism, and multi cores in general.

Multi cores could have other advantages than parallelism. On mobile, if there's 8 cores, and if the device/os is able to figure out the current load, and based on that turn off up to 7 of those 8 cores, the energy savings could be significant on the CPU side. (Depending on how much energy CPU uses compared to the radio or screen on a smartphone)

Another obvious advantage as pointed as the end of the article is individual processes running independent work next to each other. Such embarrassingly parallel work can keep all the CPU busy pretty well.
Weight training (& health generally) and BJJ (sanity, health, confidence)
Work published under the name "Shakespeare", if you consider literary work as some sort of creation, (if not invention).
To expand on pmalynin's excellent answer with an example:

Imagine you think Apple is better than any other technology company and you want to bet it will outperform other technology companies. If you simply buy Apple stock, you might lose money even if it outperforms all other tech companies, in the case that the whole market is going down. Because of the above, you need to devise a strategy that will earn you money on the difference between Apple stock and the overall tech sector stocks. Those strategies usually involve combinations of stock and derivatives and you can optimize your returns vs exposure with simple models.
-> VeraCrypt
Yea, Winapp totally won the music app wars! Oh, no, Spotify seems to have won and AFAIK it runs in an HTML based UI even in it's "Native" app. No idea if it's electron.

So the parent seems correct. Winamp stayed native an lost. Spotify embraced the rapid dev that using a browser host brings to app dev and won.
Some of the first polymorphic viruses had very advanced code translation engines, basically JITs before they were common. I wonder if any JIT concepts were invented there?

One example is the DAME which stands for Dark Avenger Mutation Engine. It could recompile DOS viruses into equivalent but different machine code on the fly, including the mutation engine itself.
The Major and Minor Wrongs of JavaScript
The standards related to PDF are open. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF:

”PDF was standardized as an open format, ISO 32000, in 2008, and no longer requires any royalties for its implementation”

Also, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF#Intellectual_property:

”Anyone may create applications that can read and write PDF files without having to pay royalties to Adobe Systems; Adobe holds patents to PDF, but licenses them for royalty-free use in developing software complying with its PDF specification.”

It’s a huge spec, though. For example, fully supporting PDF requires a JavaScript engine.
This is my first time seeing it but so much of it looks great. I don’t think I’m a fan with how it handles dependencies, though. It feels like they’ve just reinvented GOPATH.

“Deno caches remote imports in a special directory specified by the $DENO_DIR environmental variable. It default to $HOME/.deno if $DENO_DIR is not specified.

...

Production software should always bundle its dependencies. In Deno this is done by checking the $DENO_DIR into your source control system, and specifying that path as the $DENO_DIR environmental variable at runtime.“

https://github.com/denoland/deno/blob/master/Docs.md

The suggestion to import and reexport dependencies in a central `package.ts` file sounds absurd to me.

Clearly, I’m not a user and am just now reading this for the first time. Has there been discussion about this in the community? Are there plans to correct it? Go has been digging out of this hole for years, I can’t imagine why they’d start in the same place.
In Postgres `extract(week from t)` has a similar danger. If you combine it with `extract(year from t)` then you land in the wrong place. You need to combine it with `extract(isoyear from t)` instead. That bug is sort of the opposite of this one: instead of parsing a date and using the ISO year by mistake, it's formatting a date and omitting the ISO year by mistake.
That best-seller for the price of $12 is based on thousands of copies, many times printed in china and shipped by container loads. There's no way you can make it for a few dollars more for short run and survive the business.

>it's not hard, or all that capital- or even labor-intensive.

Yes its not difficult but if it is not capital intensive, it will most certainly be labor intensive. Printed through a digital copier, collated, perfect bound and trimmed in one process is not the issue. Having it done "ultra cheap one-off" is and any printer small or large will tell you the same.

The idea seems simple but no one is willing to do this for free or at a loss.
This, successful musicians actually work for a living https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/848138...
Some will say that it was a good intervention, in my opinion it is the continued and sustained pattern of French intervention that has resulted in the continued fragile nature of these states. And oh please we all know it wasn't really about "democratization", it was about removing an opponent of French geopolitical aims.

Ivory Coast background - France enables a local despot, known as Felix Boigny, who does enable local economic growth but institutionalizes power to such an extent that the county falls into civil war and disrepair upon his death in the 1990s, leading to two civil wars in which France plays a major role.

Togo coup of 1963 in which France played a role - Togo remains a dictatorship for 53 years and now has a large and enraged protest movement. The regime has been responsible for the deaths of thousands of dissidents.

Cameroon's backing of Paul Biya - Despite his continued anti-democratic manners and blatant electoral rigging, France sticks by their man, leading to now a insurgent civil war in Anglophone Cameroon.

The Libyan intervention - What can be said that hasn't been said, a new failed state, arms flowing across the subregion which leads to trouble across the Sahel in Mali and Northern Nigeria.

And these are just a few examples.
> Also, GPUs are distinctively not systolic arrays. Hennesy's "Computer Architecture: a quantitative approach" has a good primer on Single instruction Multiple Threads (SIMT) architectures typically seen in GPUs.

Good catch, as pointed out by wikipedia:

"They are sometimes classified as multiple-instruction single-data (MISD) architectures under Flynn's taxonomy, but this classification is questionable because a strong argument can be made to distinguish systolic arrays from any of Flynn's four categories: SISD, SIMD, MISD, MIMD"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systolic_array
There was also a ton of medieval and renaissance philosophy and occult/alchemical stuff published under pseudonyms. Well known ones include Hermes Trismegistus and Christian Rosencreuntz (sp?). Some of that stuff was proto-scientific natural philosophy and proto-modernism. The scientific, industrial, and modernist revolutions have their roots partly in medieval occultism.
Preparing for a Tech Talk, Part 1: Motivation
Some people told me they were searching for this.

I think I'll put up a small splashpage for email gathering in the next days to keep people up to date :)
That’s called the Appeal to Authority Fallacy.

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_authority
There's nothing standard about Spacemacs. It's a tremendously useful premade config, but it's not indicative of the performance of the Emacs environment.
PaX the cutting edge of kernel security. The anonymous hungarian programmer can be credited with invention of ASLR and many other lowlevel security mechanisms.
I brought down over 50 websites July 31st, 2018 (and didn't activate 20 others). In the hope I could get more secure hardware. And to tighten up software/websites I'd already developed.

Hardware

I'm moving to late model hardware. My workstation is a 09/2018 computer. When Intel/AMD get Spectre/Meltdown solved in hardware, I'll probably buy an even newer computer. I'll try to buy as many non-Chinese components as I can. You can get a computer assembled in the U.S. But you still get parts made in China.
As soon as possible I'll buy or accept a router from Verizon that uses WPA3. I'll turn off UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) if I can.
Monitor the line (passive/active taps)
Put the router behind a cage/door with a security lock.
Move to a more secure office environment.

Software
CSS (Content Security Policy - my code was probably written before or as the levels were being thrashed out)
check what's going into and coming out of Local Storage
...

Tools
Kali Linux
Metasploit
Wireshark
AIDE
SELinux
Security Now with Steve Gibson & Leo Laporte
...
Microsoft's Enterprise Security subscription, whitelist the computer programs that can run on Windows using their signatures
On a related note, I found Bruce Barnett's sed tutorial is one of the best Sed guide out there: http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sed.html
Yeah, at that point the most obvious alternative is Cocoa!
It looks like the underlying tech is something called 'Piotr".

https://www.zedalabs.com/team/piotr/

(http://www.piotrantkowiak.com/illustration-1)
Syntax highlighting and basic outline support is not orgmode. Orgmode is an agenda, a smart task scheduler, a spaced repetition learning system, a publishing environment, a literate code tool, a knowledge base...
Sure, I alluded to the concept of beta neutral when I mentioned 'additional constraints' - dollar neutral was a simpler concept I used for a non-finance audience. I've never heard anybody use the term delta neutral outside of derivatives trading.

For the vast majority of symbols, stock borrow is cheap at institutional size.
Keep in mind that these are stills. Once the motion starts, humans detect the not-quite-realness easily. Even the 2D video creations by AI aren’t stitched correctly, let alone getting all the details of an animated 3D person right.
I think 'orchestrated' may be a bit strong, but there's no question that they helped along.

They're doing the same thing in Syria, so why the surprise?
Good for him.

Disclaimer: I'm a recent PhD grad from MIT doing computer vision for military satellite imaging
No. No automated tool is capable of this auto conversion as you have alluded to.

Some artist painstakingly drew these vector illustrations.
You can build roads and infrastructure, create businesses and invest into education or have a supporting economy that does the same. China does many of these including their chat platform (Wechat) that enables a bunch of local businesses to be able to do what they want. I don't think that you can do too much more that that.

One example:

https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/28/simbapay-launches-kenya-to...
It would be hard to quantify, what we can say is that China focuses more on hard infrastructure, which African countries have a huge lack of capacity of, and which the West has't really focused on development wise since the 1970s.

America excels more traditionally on capacity("soft" work to do with say governance, healthcare, NGOs, and also committed through the IMF/World Bank).
> Why the choice of using imageio to create the gif when Pillow (imported at the beginning) can already do that as well?

Can Pillow generate GIFs from numpy matrices? I had a similar design decision and it seems like Pillow wanted PIL.Image only.

I also went with imageio because it uses the rectangle trick to cut down on filesize. (not relevant if the image is 100% noise however)
Interesting that he cited Peter Thiel as an influence, specifically citing Thiel’s advice that “competition is a looser [sic], monopolies are the path to success.”

First of all, his business was never going to be a monopoly, patents or no. More importantly, I’d feel very uneasy owning a monopolistic business, considering how much I hate monopolies. But maybe that’s why I’m not rich and other people are.
> If we use only Chinese oriented inputs what benefit is their for the local communities and businesses?

When you buy a road, you get to transport things; when you buy a port, you get to do long distance trade. That happens even when no local job is created.

The benefit is there as long as the loans are for fairly priced infrastructure with real value. People (across the world) suspect this kind of loan because it is too often used for financing way too expensive infrastructure with no real value. The local population of a country has the challenge of allowing their politicians to do the first without allowing them to do the second, so if you trust your people and institutions to achieve that, there's absolutely no problem with the loans.

Here in Brazil people are starting to open up for the Chinese loans. It is happening at the same time as people are trusting a bit more the government to not be corrupt, but I don't think there is any causal relation.
Daily reminder that China jailed Lu Guang (a Chinese citizen) on torture camps for photographing the grim reality of many local places riddled with child cancer and toxic waste due to unsafe industrial practices: https://www.demilked.com/missing-photographer-lu-guang/
> However, this is false, because toxo rates differ by 2-3x between first-world countries but yet the schizophrenia rate is mostly consistent.

I'm not going to say that the original studies are correct, but this is a fallacious analysis as well. You can't use broad, population-based observations (which are subject to countless possible confounding factors) to dismiss a targeted study that attempts to isolate a single cause and effect relationship.
Ask HN: Experienced massive brain buzzing and visual distortion
Just wanted to ask the HN tech community about an experience I had in a high-tech American city this decade. I was sitting at my home office desk (my mid-rise apartment was located in the middle of the city's urban center) when, all of a sudden, my brain starting buzzing and vibrating for about three seconds. My visual field distorted in a way that I've never experienced otherwise.

After this, I did not experience any headaches or symptoms associated with directed energy weapons. Moreover, I do not recall any specific reactions thereafter. I experienced no pain or other reactions thereafter. The experience was unique, lasted only 2-3 seconds, and was unlike anything I've experienced.

Mind you, I've experimented with cannabis and ingested LSD once or twice, so I have some frame of reference for what altered states of consciousness are like. This was not like any of those. It was completely out of the blue, only lasted a few seconds, and never happened again.

The experience absolutely felt to be sourced from outside of my body. Having said that, I'm open to this being some kind of malfunction in my brain - for all I know, maybe something like a tumor, etc., burst inside of my brain at that moment? I'm reading about symptoms related to brain tumors etc and I had absolutely none of those. It seemed very much to be some kind of device that was pointed at my brain, but perceptions can be highly misleading.

Any ideas?