skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Other questions I have:

What is the change in input Z of the grid above 0V? Does it come crashing out of the megaohm range like a typical triode?

(To the general reader: The grid conduction and the bias shift that it triggers is definitely a part of a "real" amp sound. If you've heard anything that sounds like a swirling sound out of an overdriven guitar amp, this is bias shift brought on by grid conduction)

Do you need to continuously source current to the grid like most low voltage tube cases

What are Cgk and Cga?

What are the curves like near cutoff, and are the slopes different due to a different grid geometry relative to a traditional triode?

---

PS, if tube amps for music are interesting to readers of HN, but you have no background, there is an exceptionally lucid book on the topic: "Designing Tube Amps for Guitar and Bass" by Merlin Blencowe.
> the only way to ensure that human life continues as we know it is for AI to be banned

Is that because you think banned things do not happen? Even if the thing that is banned could confer a massive advantage to the entities developing it?

I think AGI is unlikely to be a thing in my lifetime, or even my children's. But if I were worried about it, I'd probably focus on developing a strategy to create a benevolent intelligence FIRST, rather than try to prevent everyone else from ever creating one via agreements and laws.
The JFET is at a disadvantage from a marketing standpoint, because it faces the burden of proof, and is known to be cheaper. There's an automatic presumption that someone is using it to save money while making compromises to the audio quality. All it takes is one person to proclaim that it doesn't sound exactly like a tube.

In contrast, a 12AX7 is indisputably a tube.
He gets so much wrong in that paragraph:

> Commodore created one of the first home computers (long before the IBM PC or Apple).

Commodore, Apple and Radio Shack all released home computers in 1977. Six months is hardly “long before”.

> But the Commodore PET wasn't compatible with the subsequent Commodore CBM computer.

He must mean the CBM-II, because the original Commodore CBM machines were just rebranded PETs.
You're not wrong, but the same can be said of all inherited wealth.
Hah, there's not a dentist in my entire County that works on Friday either. I've been in the situation where I've called each and every one, all closed Fri-Mon.
Ask HN: Does anyone want to push their mobile app (for free) on Twicsy?
I would like to see if there is a potential revenue stream for Twicsy to partner with apps to promote them. I figured I would promote some apps for free to see if there is any value. Hit me up in the comments if you are interested. Picture related apps will receive prefence, Twicsy is a Twitter picture search engine. Twicsy gets about 600k visitors per month of international traffic. The deal is you need to share relevant app stats to help determine what value the promotion is providing.
"there are plenty of competitors they could make use of instead to replace particular single features or utilities of Facebook. "

" because dozens of comparable offerings exists at low or no cost that can take over subsets of the functionality in people's lives."

No, the value is in the network, not the 'feature'.

You can't go 'somewhere else' because 'nobody is there'.

This is not like Craigslist so much, the network externalizations for FB are everything.

The only way to break it would be to follow the same type of path FB did: Harvard -> Ivy League -> College -> USA -> World -> all ages.

A network could start say among some specific group wherein it was possible to achieve a critical mass, and move on from there.

So say you started where there was a specific need, like bands in LA trying to get the word out to gigs, among those that like to go to such things. And then it spread to other cities for music scene gigs, then for other kinds of entertainment, then more broadly into a social network. And you could call it 'myspace'. :)
Meta-comment: I just wanted to mention how civil and logical debate is in this thread. I’ve seen discussions of economic systems on HN get way in the weeds with personal attacks and such. Good job team!
The health insurance industry spends millions in donations to politicians on both sides. So, the reason we have a poor health insurance industry is money.
This from the story is news to me:

"WeWork forms a subsidiary to represent each lease deal, which means individual locations could fold without leaving the company itself with much risk."

So basically the institution's multiple long-term obligations can be handled by killing the leases that are the least profitable right?
The game runs in modern browsers now:
https://dan-ball.jp/en/javagame/dust2/
Many of the Hackerati would probably just like to know where to sign up for the $1000/year deal.
I'm glad he used his own money because what I saw is pretty useless for mass transportation. You just can't get enough people from one point to another to make a difference.

It does have merit though since it can function as a mass attraction where people will pay just to take rides. Maybe he can turn it into Elon world. I'm sure he can do it since he's great at marketing.
But given the lack of information, a person might reasonably try to make educated guessed about other people's bids. And often enough there's not one price a person has, it's more of a range. The combination complicates the thought process: A person might think anything over $100 would put them out of the running, but is willing to accept as little as $60. Their goal is to maximize their price within that range. Then it's not as simple as choosing your "true" price, the thought process is about choosing the highest price within your range that you believe is less than someone else's. I guess you might say any price within the range is a "true" price, but it does complicate the optimal strategy to include a bit more thought than just a single value.
I appreciate that you actually suggest a solution. Nobody knows when AGI will come but it could come tomorrow. It could come in 1000 years. No harm in being proactive.

Developing a good ai first is useless because as I have said, the creation of ai enters us into an unstable configuration where bad ai will crop up regardless. Keeping bad ai from existing is infinitely easier when ai does not exist as a technology as opposed to when it’s a turnkey thing.
Give me a break He's a thief who tried to rip off his employer. You know which sort of behavior will stop future employers from trusting you? One guess.
To cover that scenario you could grant copyright to the creator/artist for "life or 20 years whichever is greater".
Very cool. I have wanted to try some FPGA stuff out but it seems like its very encumbered by proprietary toolchains and industry secrets.

Wondering what the pros/cons are of using this vs a raspberry pi.
Remember: "if you don't pay to use the product, you are the product."

If your "product" won't participate, especially when it's the relationships between products that are most valuable, your valuation is in trouble.
Even if you could flip a switch and go to a free market, that doesn't reset where the current players are, so they will use that going in to insulate themselves and abuse the market.

For pricing, Hospitals/Insurance Co.'s are unwilling to absorb the cost of the statistical chances that something goes wrong or extra labor/things are needed during healthcare. That's why the patient-facing price could be anything and you get an itemized bill.

The only way to get slow-moving and predictable patient-facing prices is to get the hospitals/insurance to absorb these costs.
let usersRange = (start, end, result, done) => {
if (start == end)
return done(null, result);

GET('http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users/' + start,
res => usersRange(start + 1, end, (result.push(res), result), done),
err => done(err)
)
};

GET() just wraps the XHR code in my original post and provides access to onload/onerror callbacks. I used XHR, to avoid using fetch/Promise, which is part of the pyramid.

I mean, I prefer async/await. The point is that it's just not inherently that much more verbose to write callback based async code. Composition would be more complicated. You'd have to use some abstract helper methods, or nest the callbacks. For example:

chain(
(_, next) => usersRange(0, 10, [], next),

([err, res], next) => {
if (err)
// blabla

usersDoSomething(res),
}
)

vs:

try {
let res = await usersRange(0, 10),
usersDoSomething(res),
} catch(ex) {
if (err)
// bla bla
}

You can do some pretty fun stuff with functions, extending JS syntax so it has simulated goto for example:

let users = [], nextUser = 0;
labelledChain(
(_, next) => GET('/users', next),

'got-users', ([err, res], next) => {
users = res;
next();
},

'get-next-user', ([err, res], next) => {
if (users[nextUser])
GET('/users/' + users[nextUser].id, next);
else
doneCallback(null, users);
},

'got-next-user', ([err, res], next) => {
users[nextUser] = res;
nextUser++;
next.goto('get-next-user');
},
)

Fun challenge implementing labelledChain so that this all works. :D
This reminds me of when Elon Musk announced on Twitter [0] that SpaceX and Tesla will be removing their respective pages from Facebook [1].

Having potentially large groups of users deleting their profiles as well as (reputable) businesses deleting their Facebook pages should hopefully serve as a wake-up call to Zuckerberg et al.

[0] https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/977211923719598086?ref_s... and https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/977216157080993793?ref_s...

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16659656
So, Mickey Mouse curve is finally starting to crumble? Current copyright term is insane, it should be significantly rolled back.
Given that we're all talking about it I have my doubts. This is all one Google search away.
You can still have aspects of a free market..

Correct me if I'm wrong, but Medicare-for-All is just public insurance. It's not a state take over of all private hospitals.

But instead of negotiating a price with you, the hospital will be negotiating with the state. Hospitals can still compete on prices and likely the state will grant contracts for non-urgent services to the cheapest provider..

Modulo, whatever level of free choice is left and what capacity is available, etc..
Hey, do they pay that retroactively? I'd like to get

$1000 for every year facebook has existed.
"Don't let The Perfect be the enemy of The Good."

We are overspending on the quality of health care we get today. Further there is a lot of fear mongering about socialized medicine.

I've experienced medicine in both the UK and the US. I can tell you, there isn't a difference in quality. Further, when I got a cold and went in, wait time wasn't 6 hours or whatever other BS people claim. Wait time was ~10 minutes. In fact, the time to see a doctor in the US is almost always longer. Why? Because half the time you have to fill out forms and provide proof of insurance and a whole host of other information for them before they will put you on the waiting list.

What did I have to fill out to see a doc in the UK? A card that had my name and current address. Even that, they told me, was optional.

Cheaper medicine for less money is a reality. The only people that lose with socialized medicine are admin and insurance. Everyone else in the nation wins.
I can't see a way to make a submission on that page.

But, in the "Notes" section, it appears that the bill has been referred to the Joint Intelligence and Security committee for a review of possible amendments, with a report due 3rd April 2019.

I can't find a page specifically seeking comments for that review, but the previous solicitation (closed in October 2018) has their committee's contact details:

https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joi...
you could add a tongue-in-cheek note like: with apologies to the little prince
Many artists get recognition only after they pass, e.g. Philip K. Dick.
What math and electronics textbooks where published in 1923?
In this context, "8-bit" is a well understood name of an art style. In this context, it's well understood that this has nothing to do with the bus width of processor architecture or misc color/data bit widths.

Think of it as a label like "modern art", which is art from 1860s to the 1970s.
Alphabet spinoff Malta raises $26M for technology to store power in molten salt
As a layman, is this just saying we learn by training an intuition of what's what/what's correct, rather than actually calculating deep reality/referencing our entire memory set every time we intake some information or need to solve a task problem? Meaning, we develop
tons of rules/heuristics after repeated pattern exposures, and use the simplified rules rather than a deep theory or 'brute-forcing' every possibility until we find one that's right. For example with chess, we don't know at the deepest possible level why this move might be best, it just feels right due to a massive learned intuition.

If that's the case, then to me it seems like AGI is limited by the amount and type of data a NN can be fed. To have an intelligence like homo sapiens, wouldnt you expect that no matter the underlying NN, it has to take in a comparable amount of data to what the 5+ human senses take in over lifetime, plus the actual internal 'learning' (i.e pattern recognition, heuristics, and intuition) + some kind of meta awareness (consciousness) to speed up and aid this process + dedicated pieces of the brain such as Broca's/Wernicke's
...BUT WHAT ABOUT (what, exactly?)

Please, let's hear about the factories in the US and Europe still using R-12/R-14 with impunity.
نقل عفش من الرياض الى جازان
I live in a country with single payer (Australia).

I've never had to wait for an elective procedure because I can choose to privately pay for care on a schedule more convenient to me. I have private health cover which tries to compete on this basis.

But if I had any emergency needs, then I'd be treated immediately at any hospital by the public system, which I pay into with taxes. And the waiting list for those elective procedures, if I couldn't afford private care, is a priority list - based on need.

The idea that shortages don't exist in the US is absurd - sure they do, you can't afford critical care then you just don't get it. The US waiting list is infinite.
Oh yeah, forgot about that!
High school sports are such a waste of everything. I legit don’t get why they are attached to high schools and not independent.
very important to keep in mind there's a world of difference between what you'd have to pay a person to quit, and what they'd be willing to pay if Facebook started charging.

I think the later would quickly approach $0 for most people, especially as competitors rapidly entered the space to take advantage.
No, I'm saying that, today, copyright holders are submitting DMCA take down notices on content that does not contain copyrighted material at all. Not even under the fair use clause.

There is hard evidence to counter those notices, but ultimately nobody ends up taking it to court because it is too expensive.

See: https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/youtube-copyright-claims-t...
Last time I checked its canvas size was quite small. One could not construct minecraft like landscapes in it.
Sure, but they're already saying "Voxel", which seems to be a better, more specific term here.
It is straightforward to provide consistency with a franchise model, as many large well known brands demonstrate every day (Subway, Dunkin', Anytime Fitness [which is basically WeWork as a gym], any number of hotel brands, etc). If you don't meet the brand standards, you get the boot and lose your investment.
Odd that (AFAICT) nobody mentions the most obvious and useful feature of SCTP compared to QUIC: SCTP preserves message boundaries. That's immensely useful in almost every scenario other than existing protocols (like HTTP) that reinvent chunking.

Building on that, SCTP also supports optional unordered delivery--so reliable but unordered message delivery. I didn't know about this before confirming message boundary preservation with the RFC.
Learning SQL syntax isn't hard, but learning how to properly design relational databases is not something you can pick up from skimming blog posts.
Project Mu[1] is already a taken name. It's not in the same field, so not a trademark violation, but for those of us who fall into both categories I will never mentally think of this product when I hear Project Mu, because there's so much history behind the original.

[1]: https://www.project-mu.co.jp/en/index.html
In these kind of conversation the "personal freedom" line is just a discussion stopper when people don't want to be bothered to actually discus the matter at hand.

One person's "freedom" to drive their car to work every day means the particulates from the exhaust fumes enter my lungs. I didn't consent to that. Many people die from it every year. How about my freedom to live life without cancer? The same applies to global warming. What about my freedom to not have my house flooded?

Personal freedom is important, but we can't have unlimited amounts of it. Sometimes, your personal freedom unreasonably infringes on other people's freedom. Smoke your lungs out for all I care, but I also want the freedom to live without your smell and cancer. Party until 7am, but don't keep the neighbourhood awake. And ... do what you want, but don't fuck up the planet.
Do we even know whether HN stores this information?
Wouldn't that be a "general purpose game-playing intelligence system" at best? (without mentioning that it only applies to certain types of perfect-information games)

Maybe it's just me, but "general purpose artificial intelligence system" sounds like, well, General Artificial Intelligence. Which sounds like Artificial General Intelligence, which is the holy grail.
Builders and doctors have regular salaries (or at least are paid in full upon completion of the work they do). The value of a creative work is in the income stream it creates over time. If you need the money now, you can recoup that by selling the rights. But it's hard to sell rights to an income stream that could disappear tomorrow if you were hit by a bus.
> the chance of different configurations being realized are complex for quantum mechanics

I don't think there is anything essential about complex numbers when it comes to formulating the laws of QM. Everything can be done without complex numbers by using matrices. A simple way to convince yourself of this is to realize a complex number is just a pair of real numbers at the end of the day.

In the wiki article on the Heisenberg picture [1] of QM we read:

> By the Stone–von Neumann theorem, the Heisenberg picture and the Schrödinger picture are unitarily equivalent, just a basis change in Hilbert space.

Then in the article on the Stone-von Neumann theorem [2] we read:

> Informally stated, with certain technical assumptions, every representation of the Heisenberg group H2n + 1 is equivalent to the position operators and momentum operators on Rn

And in the article on the Heisenberg group [3] we find out that this group consists of 3 by 3 upper triangular matrices with three independent elements that can be taken from any ring.

This kind of high level lie group lie algebra approach is something I got really into in the past and continue to be fascinated by. I wish I could explain better why as a result I don't see complex numbers as essential at all in the foundations of quantum theory, but rather, just very convenient for doing calculations. I hope you find the linked wiki articles as interesting as I do. Cheers!

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg_picture

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%E2%80%93von_Neumann_theo...

[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heisenberg_group
That line bugs me too. We're mixing figures of speech with statistics and that always always goes sideways (sometimes it looks like chicanery). What does it mean to get the 'average person' to quit? Half of people are still on FB? Almost nobody is still on FB? Average height makes sense, because it's a continuum. How do you average discontinuous values? What's the average gender of Americans?

If I'm reading the same data they are, the median price is $730. Which means if you offered everybody $730 half of them would quit. A few of those people would be really happy because all they wanted was $100.

If you were a deranged billionaire and you decided to burn Facebook, you might be able to get half of them to quit at an average of $400 apiece.
But even that doesn't make sense because people are people. If my neighbor already got a check for $900 what are you doing giving me this check for $450? I want $900, same as him. Practically, you'd just have to cut checks for $730 and offer everyone the same amount, which means $1000 isn't a real number either. Because I'm sure as hell not gonna take $450 if my buddy knows the guy who got $5000. So it's $1000 checks and you get 65% of people to quit.
Except when you give a business to your kids, they need to run it or pay someone to run it for them and still manage that. With copyrights that make money, your kids would not need to run anything, just collect the money. For one you need to work, for the other not nearly as much. That doesn't sound too fair to me.
4 Part Video Series on Django Web Apps with VS Code on Azure
I think if facebook started charging me, and only me, any price I would say "What the heck is this? Why only me?" and rage quit facebook.
One pro is that you could easily make an ASIC from the FPGA code, if your design is locked and you wanted to pump out a few million for cheap.
The law is very capricious and malleable...

Barring lawyers from referring to their legal backgrounds would violate their First Amendment rights. And not letting them use precise language could result in their audience misunderstanding what they are saying. Finally, arcane technicalities frequently are substantive matters, especially in a system of law based on historical Court decisions.
No. It's a public health issue. while I would not be surprised if some have moral opinions about it, that's not the point. nicotine is objectively a toxic substance; it is an immunosuppressant and there is evidence mounting linking it with cancer. there is science to back this up. if there are other studies that paint a different picture, or other data that is pertinent, then reviewing and comparing the evidence we have so far is what we should be doing, and then shaping public policy based on the best evidence we have.

But to paint this as a moral issue -- and do things like compare it to caffiene -- seems like rhetorical trickery and which results in diverting the discussion.

science and public health are topics that companies like jl, etc., would very much like us all to avoid engaging in, so i am not surprised (though i am saddened) to see the parent post so highly voted.
Should We Encourage the PhD?
Assuming people in both studies would give rational answers, otherwise it doesn't add up.

But that's quite an assumption unless both questions are asked in the same study to the same group.
Finally. This is probably one of the more significant events of the decade. The culture that's locked up behind copyright could have a major societal impact down the line.
I was reading the article waiting to get to the part where they handle their shards can scale. It ended up just reading like a migration from one db to another.

I'm guessing their original choice for MongoDB was more for the schemaless development flexibility rather than horizontal scaling capabilities. This seems to have worked well enough for them. DynamoDB seems like a natural fit coming from a document store and they did very well not to choose it.

I think AWS is due for a managed NewSQL store comparable to Google Cloud Spanner or MS Cosmos DB.