skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Most typed languages have two separate levels: expressions (and statements in imperative languages) and types. Dependent types unify those two levels into one. This allows one to use values in types, or vice versa, effectively making types first class in the sense that functional programming makes functions first class.

As an example this is Haskell's core language:

data Expr b
= Var Id
| Lit Literal
| App (Expr b) (Arg b)
| Lam b (Expr b)
| Let (Bind b) (Expr b)
| Case (Expr b) b Type [Alt b]
| Tick (Tickish Id) (Expr b)
| Type Type
| Cast (Expr b) Coercion
| Coercion Coercion

data Type
= TyVarTy Var
| LitTy TyLit
| AppTy Type Type
| ForAllTy !TyCoVarBinder Type
| FunTy Type Type
| TyConApp TyCon [KindOrType]
| CastTy Type KindCoercion
| CoercionTy Coercion

If you look closely you'll notice quite a lot of duplication between the two (see the first 4 and the last 2 constructors). Haskell is effectevily using the same language (lambda calculus) to describe types and expressions though with different syntax.

And this is Lean core language (a dependently type language):

inductive expr
| var : nat → expr
| sort : level → expr
| const : name → list level → expr
| mvar : name → name → expr → expr
| local_const : name → name → binder_info → expr → expr
| app : expr → expr → expr
| lam : name → binder_info → expr → expr → expr
| pi : name → binder_info → expr → expr → expr
| elet : name → expr → expr → expr → expr
| macro : macro_def → list expr → expr

Imo dependent types provide a surprising answer to the question "What is the best type system?". Different languages have different type systems and as they evolve to become more expressive at a certain point they become Turing complete (e.g. C++, Typescript, Haskell, ..). So we end up with two separate languages - the language itself to describe programs and the type system to describe types.

So what's the best type system? Dependent types' answer: the language itself. Instead of having two separate languages, have a single language that acts as its own type system, powerful enough to describe both programs and types. Then types become first class - you can pass them to a function as parameters, or return them as values, or use any function at compile time.

In physics progress usually comes in the form of unification. Two seemingly separate phenomena (say electricity and magnetism) turn out to be described by a single theory. Dependent types provide such a unification between expressions and types in programming languages. Imo definitely a step forward in the noisy sea of programming languages.

That's not even touching the mathematical side of things, Curry-Howard correspondence, proof assistants and using dependent types for proving theorems.
The Evolution of Decision Tables
Yes this is it! :) Never occurred to me to search for a video :P
Like what Mark Twain suggested. https://msu.edu/~jerrymc/humor/spelling.html

"
For example, in Year 1 that useless letter "c" would be dropped to be replased either by "k" or "s", and likewise "x" would no longer be part of the alphabet. The only kase in which "c" would be retained would be the "ch" formation, which will be dealt with later. Year 2 might reform "w" spelling, so that "which" and "one" would take the same konsonant, wile Year 3 might well abolish "y" replasing it with "i" and Iear 4 might fiks the "g/j" anomali wonse and for all.

Jenerally, then, the improvement would kontinue iear bai iear with Iear 5 doing awai with useless double konsonants, and Iears 6-12 or so modifaiing vowlz and the rimeining voist and unvoist konsonants. Bai Iear 15 or sou, it wud fainali bi posibl tu meik ius ov thi ridandant letez "c", "y" and "x" -- bai now jast a memori in the maindz ov ould doderez -- tu riplais "ch", "sh", and "th" rispektivli.

Fainali, xen, aafte sam 20 iers ov orxogrefkl riform, wi wud hev a lojikl, kohirnt speling in ius xrewawt xe Ingliy-spiking werld.
"
The backpropagation principle itaeld is the same. But gradient computations and techniques to accelerate it or stabilize its convergence have progressed much
Explain to the folks at home what Bandcamp is
This doesn't ring 100% true to me; goroutines have stack so they can't be fully equal to (finite) state machines!
> What is a really interesting takeaway is that if in an event where the outcome you desire based appears unlikely, your job is introduce as much previously undefined or discounted uncertainty. Ideally you engineer a black swan event or at least do what you can to make it happen. This would be fun to model from a game-theory approach instead.

In chess, if you are behind, John Nunn's two recommended strategies are "grim defence" (if your opponent's advantage is not so large as to make it easy for them to force a win) and "create confusion": create complicated tactical situations and hope your opponent makes a mistake. The farther behind you are, the more appealing "create confusion" gets by comparison.
UK based chip startup Graphcore reaches unicorn status at $1.7B valuation
Everything Kaizen
Yes, I agree, and I'd go so far as to saying burning it is in one way better than it ending up in the sea, but clearly very bad in another sense. Just another example of how different facets of the "environmental" argument can be in conflict with one another.

Nuclear power vs coal/oil power is similar dilemma.
This is both true and a shitty excuse.
Well, both System Fc and Haskell Core are quite simple and consistent. It's much more concise than any imperative language with dozens of corner cases, yet quite powerful.
I was describing my method of BBQ in response to the gp. deep frying sous vide, liquid n or whatever other method is not bbq. Just like grilling is not BBQ. The style has a fairly specific meaning. If your ribs don't sweat three times in the process over six hours, you are doing it wrong.

Foiling them locks in the moisture. It absolutely doesn't eliminate it.

6 hours, low and slow. Or its not passable as BBQ
is it related to homomorphic encryption?
What that quote means is that you can take a Haskell program and compile it into lambda calculus and this is what GHC is more or less doing.

This has important implications. From a theoretical perspective, it's easier to prove that the language remains sound when you add new features. But also from a more practical point of view, it's easier to work on compiler backends for a more minimal language, to target new CPUs or for applying optimizations.

These issues are very well known to language designers. E.g. one of the big changes in Scala 3 / Dotty is that it's supposedly based on "DOT Calculus". Having the ability to "desugar" the language into a simpler language that is provably type safe is pretty awesome.

What makes Haskell interesting is that the developers using Haskell also become acquainted with such issues. Haskell is a language and ecosystem that raises the knowledge ceiling for its users. And there aren't many languages around that do that ;-)
I understood that. However: We are definitely not going to change that ruling - thus talking about the ruling itself or this isolated case is pointless. We can only talk about opinions.
Using stylometry and a neural network I can finally prove I didn’t write Genesis
Thanks, I’m glad you like it!

Yes, TLS will arrive very soon.
Reflection too but it will take slightly longer.

Request chain will follow along!

I haven’t thought about recording and replay.

That is a great addition to the editor once we support request chain
Im wondering how the already preserved and publicly available film content is being considered being made freed ? Theres very clear information on rights, reproduction restrictions, and the preservation efforts that have already been made here: https://www.archives.gov/research/order/film-sound-video-dc....
"easier to add GPU support to SBCL" excuse me?! Where'd you even begin?
Yes, the housing policies are notoriously stupid, but there are parameters under which they are inconsequential. What are they?

If there had been no change in demand it all, San Francisco housing policies would not have been a problem. That was not a robust assumption given internal freedom of movement within the United States.

And while San Francisco has put its own delightful spin on it, gentrification is by no means unique to the Bay Area. Neighborhoods shift over time inevitably but sometimes these shifts are sudden and many former and soon to be former residents feel pushed out and left out. What are the parameters for a neighborhood population to turn over without anyone noticing or caring?

Maybe it depends somewhat on the nature of the new residents. If they are moving for a new job, new building can blunt the impact. People will take the new housing that is within a credible commute distance of work. If, however, the new residents are deliberately seeking to enter and bid up historic or trendy areas, some kind of defense is necessary as well. In Berlin's case, there was legislation to prevent too much improvement of apartments -- putting in new kitchens and so forth -- in certain areas, to prevent the rent from rising.

San Francisco has new residents of both types; and suffers from many other forces. It is small and on a peninsula, so there is only one dimension for growth (Berlin, DC and similar areas can grow square-wise). Its housing policies prevent new building. Public transit is not that great; getting to work from the western half of the city takes almost as long as coming from Oakland. Thousands upon thousands of people moved here to take jobs in the area. Many of them targeted small neighborhoods like The Mission and Noe Valley and Potrero Hill.

The latter behavior is particularly remarkable in SF because these neighborhoods were typically far from their jobs. Company shuttles undoubtedly contributed to this problem. It was like public transit operating in reverse: centralizing the residences and dispersing the commercial centers.
https://youtu.be/s7VD8kjqzpU
While an important concept and useful technique , I find it nowhere near as fundamental as compilation, the mouse or datagram network protocols. Maybe a more fundamental principle is used by virtual dom that can be the real innovation?
When watching sci-fi films like Prospect that feature strange character systems, I often wonder how we might have turned toward something like that to label ships and stuff. (Presuming no alien cultural injection)

And then I see this, and despite some of the valid criticism of this particular set I now understand how english or some other recognizable written language might not be a guarantee for labeling in the future.
That's not a particularly hard problem, all tools which try to solve it (for example, IntelliJ), solve it easily. For example, here's the syntax tree that rust-analyzer builds for this example:

fn foo() { }

fn

fn bar() { }

Syntax tree (whitespace nodes elided for clarity):

SOURCE_FILE@[0; 31)
FN_DEF@[0; 12)
FN_KW@[0; 2)
NAME@[3; 6)
IDENT@[3; 6) "foo"
...
FN_DEF@[14; 16)
FN_KW@[14; 16)
err: `expected a name`
FN_DEF@[18; 30)
FN_KW@[18; 20)
NAME@[21; 24)
IDENT@[21; 24) "bar"
...

The problem is, a lot of tools are build with the assumption that the code is correct&complete, and don't try to tackle this problem at all.
Interesting that they go whole hog with the tournament model where everything is based on the hustle and luck.

https://www.demontfortliterature.com/ takes the opposing approach where they hire authors for a stable salary.
There's a CD ripper called Exact Audio Copy that has some pretty heavy EC/misread mitigation that, in its most accurate mode, can easily take an hour for a moderately scuffed-up disc

It's pretty much the gold standard for bitperfect CD rips amongst the torrent community
>The 2016 election was swingy and it was uncertain.

I don't remember it that way, in fact I remember seeing a lot of very shocked faces in the Democratic camp when the results were beginning to take shape. I don't remember having seen similar confused reactions after any previous US presidential elections, not even after the Bush vs Gore one which was a lot closer in terms of electoral votes.

Back to the article, I think Nate Silver's failure only shows to the general public that electoral predictions are rubbish. Maybe "failure" is a strong word because he genuinely seems to be the best at what he's doing, it's just that the domain in which he's involved is turning out to be bogus. I'm sure that there was a crystal-ball viewer that was the best at what he/she was doing, it's just that crystal-ball viewing turned out to be bogus.
Your edit is very rude. If you're going to call him out, you should at least take the time to give an example.
I think a key point of the language is that it points toward machine-reproduced printing and display only. Writing can still be Chinese, English or any other language. But for in-place printed labeling or digital display, something like this might be interesting.
Microsoft made many one-off patches for a lot of 3rd party software in Windows; if this hurts them I cannot see how it is different.
We once had to get photos taken in Mumbai. The shop had two guys working Photoshop to remove the dirt marks from the wall behind us. Why did they not just paint the wall ? Because the Photoshop artists were part of the service, so they could charge us for it.

You, sir, are going to put Photoshop wallahs out of work !
The American Government is putting brown children in concentration camps, separating them from their parents, and killing some of them in the process.

If I was American I would be ashamed to comment on human rights abuses.
good question. Also how much karma does one need to vote for 'unflag'?
I would've done the glitter sticky.
Dotsies would be trivial to learn if they are in digital form. Think of QR readers. I can't even imagine handwritten dotsies, they would probably be a mess.
But I thought that's what Google's promise was (hard for machines, easy for humans)?
"Saying "this is not something their readers follow suit on" - only if you're a reader who doesn't understand probability."

Unfortunately that is the more common case, and I agree on the author on that that most people take a binary stance on polls.

It should not be the case for regular readers of a website whose main topic is statistical analysis, although I imagine that just before a major election they would see a large number of non-regulars just to check the polls.
Empathy is unnecessary in this case. I would frame it as entertaining a thought without accepting it, as in Aristotle's educated mind.

Moralizing is an easy to way to stop thinking and settle in a comfortable narrative, a cop-out so one can avoid questioning their own ideological identities. The thirst for a comfortable narrative is so strong today few can resist it, which almost looks like we live in an era when we can no longer afford entertaining different thoughts.
> Many people on Slashdot

Because Slashdot is a good source for unbiased opinions :-)
I believe he's making a slightly more subtle point. It's not just that the forecasts are swinging too much, it's that they're swinging too much too early.

Consider an option on a stock (which is the analogy Taleb is making here). If you buy a 1 year call option on AAPL and tomorrow they announce that they beat earnings by 10%, that's not a huge deal for you. If on the other hand, you owned a 1-week expiration call, it is a big deal for you. That is, your prediction should be less sensitive to changes in environment the further out it is.

I believe he is somehow formalizing this statement, and then showing that Nate Silver's forecasts violate it, but I too don't fully understand his formalism.
Funnily enough, that's very close to how a non-English-speaking German would probably spell English words :)
Seems the reply is not on the thread about log search and find people. It is not what you not see is the problem. It is the question you have asked that may get you if the log is “hacked”, shared or sold ultimately to the state. Or like apple have to relocate their data centre to compile with the laws.

And if you are on the wrong side of the current political regime ....

It is not just freedom to read but the protection of you against a totalitarian regime that worry us. Especially if you think it is safe to ask to google.cn
Well, considering the fact that America as a whole is morally bankrupt (by imprisoning reporters, black and brown people, and concentration camps full of kids), I’d say the attack against Google is a coordinated manoeuvre.
What is "racial angst"?
I'd be more impressed with Taleb if he published the results for his Emperica fund for years other than 2008. Taleb's strategy was to buy options way out of the money. In boring years, the fund lost money. It did really well in 2008. Not enough numbers have been published to determine if his strategy was a net win over a business cycle. The win seems to have coming from the fund's short lifetime including 2008.
Take a photo of yourself every time you commit
this ship passed about 30 years ago.
Conway’s Game of Life in Elm
How social media platforms can clean up their acts
Fitch-style proof editor and checker
"Yes, really. There was a specifc reference to that comment but also the thread in general, which didn't mention shills, and a reply which didn't reference that comment, but the thread in general."

I have no idea what you are talking about - the comment I was replying to made a statement that many other comments including the one about radicalization are the product of the 50 Cents Party.
It's the only way it was talking about other comments.

Perhaps, your statement about 'poor reasoning' and 'poor dialog' applies to you as well and your sense of superiority is unwarranted.
How can I be happy, knowing I can never learn or read everything online?

Why on earth do you think you would be happy if you read everything online? Let alone learn everything "the world has to offer"? (Maybe those would be terrible, even if they were possible. It doesn't sound like you've tried to imagine it.)

Maybe I misunderstand you. There does seem to be something very wrong with your thinking on this subject though. You could try to find out what that is. (Asking on here is a step towards that!) There seem a few false assumptions buried in your questions. Have you done much reading to learn about yourself, self-help, wisdom literature etc, or is it..just facts/non-fiction that you want to read?

Personally, it's very frustrating to me when I think that in my teens, there was nowhere to get every movie, book, music ever for free, instantly, as there is now. My life would've been so different. Better? I don't know. But I'm so grateful to be able to hear/read about a book/movie/scientific paper/recording and download it pretty much instantly. It's incredible. I didn't dream that would ever be possible. I lived on a farm outside a country town and I could get virtually nothing of anything. Well, I got a few things, and I really valued them!! I wonder about kids growing up today with everything available, and how they can value any one thing....it really changes everything.
No, it's not acceptable. I've warned that user in a different context.
> I disagree. It is hard to talk about software innovation without mentioning Xerox PARC. The PARC existed because Xerox was a monopoly with too much money on their hands. Kind of like Google X today.

Xerox PARC can be understood as putting a bunch of smart people in one place and giving them essentially basic income. This seems to be a great way to do research work; beyond corporate monopolies, another successful source of basic income for researchers was DOD grants during the Cold War. A software monopoly that actually tries to monetize the research output directly interferes with this scheme a bit.

> Tech is not like railways, where you can't build tracks anywhere you want because of things like land ownership and city planning.

We don't have that, but we now have software patents, which are even worse in the way - not only you have to pay a lot of money to just be able to work, with software patents it's easy for existing players to just lock out whole areas of development by speculatively applying for, or buying, patents.
Interesting article from 2012 on reserve currencies and the Yuan: https://www.economywatch.com/economy-business-and-finance-ne...
How to be human again in the world of online sales and purchases
I totally agree. Purely functional components are more fundamental but even that might not warrant a place on a list like this although it's significant in the JavaScript UI realm today.
When the type of a function mentions its parameter, it’s a dependent type (just like a normal function that mentions it’s parameter is a “dependent value”, so to speak.

Usually though one speaks of dependent types only when the parameter can range over not just types.
I agree that in general it is a very important improvement for VR to allow motion-sensitive people to enjoy it. However I do not agree this by itself will make VR much more viable than it is now. Motion sickness is just one problem, but without addressing others (high price, low resolution, narrow FOV, bulky headset), it will not get much more viable.

And I say it as someone who considers current state of VR to be amazing and enjoys it daily. But personally for me relatively low resolution would be #1 priority to improve.
To expand upon my original question, I get that adding in functionality specific to each website is not ideal. But the technical cost here (removal of one DOM element from one website) seems to be drastically smaller than the payoff (not getting screwed over in terms of performance on one of the world's most popular websites).

Am I seriously underestimating the eng cost of such a patch, or is there some unwritten rule that browsers aren't supposed to mess with the HTML that a page serves?
Surprised no one mentions the thing this very article identified as a big contributing factor - software patents.
I believe that was the intended joke.
I use Firefox with the vanilla uBlockOrigin. I don't notice any google nagging except on the google translate page.
The scientifically documented efficacy of the placebo effect is, however.
Please keep gender flamebait, and other flamebait, off HN.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
Also funny how the web people taken it to absurdity. In many cases, format is part of the content.
I think I've read that language while grading middle school paper from kids that did not pay attention in grammar classes.
Or it would require standardizing on certain pronunciations.
Coroutines are potentially-infinite state machines, not finite state machines. While their instruction pointers belong in a finite state space, their usable memory space is infinite.
Isn't the main USP of flyio the cloud agnostic part? You can play between local, google and amazon without changing the code.
Google trends shows a significant spike:

https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%203-m&ge...
How would you define “using neural networks to solve a given ODE”?

I’ll certainly agree that it doesn’t make sense to use a single neural net like function to model the full solution of an ODE. But the entire power of deep learning is that it doesn’t force you to use a single approach — you can compose neural nets with any function you like as long as it’s differentiable. So I think hybrid models that blend deep learning with traditional numerical methods are entirely fair game.
Come on, you can calculate that without a calculator.
Combine this with Millitext[0] for optimal ... readability? brevity.

[0] https://advent.morr.cc/2018/17

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18702900